LOST CITY The Discovery of Machu Picchu

By Ted Lewin

Day 1 Day 4Day 2 Day 5Day 3Vocabulary DefinitionsVocabulary SentencesAdditional Resources

Study SkillsGenre: Narrative NonfictionComprehension Skill: Compare Contrast

Comprehension Strategy: Visualize

Comprehension Review Skill: Sequence

Vocabulary: Word Structure – Greek and Latin Roots

Genre: Narrative Nonfiction

Narrative nonfiction can tell the story of a real event such as the discovery of a lost city. The details of the event are presented in sequence so that readers can understand the cause-and-effect relationships.

SummaryProfessor Hiram Bingham goes on a journey to Peru to find the lost city of Machu Picchu. With the help of a farmer named Arteaga and a Quechua boy, Bingham finds something unexpected -- the beautiful city of Machu Picchu sitting among the clouds.

Comprehension Skill Review: Compare and Contrast

A Comparison tells how two or more things are alike.

A Contrast tells how they are different

Clue words such as like, same or as show similarities.

Clue words such as or unlike show differences.

Day 1 - Question of the WeekWhat surprises can happen on an expedition?

Vocabulary - Say It

curiositygloriousruinsgranite

thicketstorrentterraced

More Words to Knowremoterugged

venturedadobe

highlandterraces

Comprehension Strategy Visualize

Good readers visualize as they read.

This means they create pictures in their minds.

Sensory words such as sticky and crackle can help you experience what you are reading.

Listen to the Story

Comprehension Skill- Sequence Pg. 551

Sequence means the order in which things happen.

Dates, times, and clue words such as first, then, next, and last can help you understand the order of events.

Sometimes two or more events happen at the same time. Words such as meanwhile and during can show this.

Compare and Contrast PB 213Greek and roman Cultures

Similarities Different

1. People lived in warm climates

2. They both produced great poets and artists.

5. _____________________________________________________________

3. Rome was a huge empire.

4. Rome had more advanced building methods

1. A locul farm boy guided Hiram Bingham to Machu picchu.

2. The cityies location had been a secrit to most people until then.

Comparatives & Superlatives

What’s your function?

A comparative compares two items.nicer, cooler, meaner

A superlative compares three items.nicest, coolest, meanest

They can be used as adjectives.

Grammar Warm-upWrite one comparative sentence and one

superlative sentence for each adjective listed below:

small fast great

long much good

What is the comparative form of the adjective slow?

What is the superlative form of the adjective slow?

Did You Know…Adjectives that have two or more syllables sometime require more or most to make the comparative and superlative forms.

What is the comparative form of the adjective ferocious?

What is the superlative form of the adjective ferocious?

Day 2 - Question of the Day

Why do you think Hiram Bingham was willing to go on such a difficult expedition?

Vocabulary Strategy – Greek and Latin RootsMany English words have Latin or Greek

roots.For example, the Latin word terra means

“earth, land.” Part of it appears in words such as terrain and territory.

The Latin word gloria means “praise”; part of it appears in words such as glorify, meaning “to praise.”

You might be able to use Latin and Greek roots to help you figure out the meaning of an unknown word.

Practice Word Structure 1. What is the Latin word for terraced?

terra – it has to do with land 2. How does the root in glorious…

it means “praise” 3. What do you think terrain means?...

refers to ground you walk on – “land”4. It does not make sense . . . it refers to something worth of praise5. Write a sentence. . .________________________________

curiosityan eager desire to know or learn

gloriousmagnificent; splendid

ruinswhat is left after a building, wall, etc., has fallen to pieces

granitea very hard gray or pink rock that is formed when lava cools slowly underground

thicketsbushes or small trees growing close together

torrenta violent, rushing stream

of water

terraced•formed into a flat, level land with steep sides; terraces are often made in hilly areas to create more space for farming

remote•out of the way; secluded

ruggedcovered with rough edges; rough and uneven

ventureddared to come or go (to a new or unknown place)

adobebuilt with bricks made from clay baked in the sun

highlandrelated to a region that is higher and hillier than the neighboring countryside

terracesflat raised levels of land with straight or sloping sides. Terraces are often made one above the other in hilly areas to create more space for raising crops.

Weekly Fluency Check -Phrasing

●Grouping words that go together and making corrections if you make mistakes helps listeners to understand a selection better.

●Break up long sentences by grouping related words into meaningful phrases.

●Echo read the last paragraph on p. 544.

3. After an long climb Bingham came across the city.

4. The ruins were the better he had ever seed.

SOME RULES ABOUT FORMING COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

One syllable adjectives generally form the comparative by adding -er and the superlative by adding -est, e.g.:

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

Soft Softer The softest

Cheap Cheaper The cheapest

Sweet Sweeter The sweetest

Thin Thinner The thinnest

SPELLING RULESNote that if a one syllable adjective ends in a

single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter, the consonant letter is doubled, e.g.: thin → thinner, big → biggest.

If an adjective ends in -e, this is removed when adding -er/-est, e.g.: wide → wider/widest.

If an adjective ends in a consonant followed by -y, -y is replaced by -i when adding -er/-est, e.g.: dry → drier/driest.

TWO SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

two syllable adjectives which end in -y usually form the comparative by adding -er and the superlative by adding -est, (note the change of -y to -i in the comparative/superlative) e.g.:

Adjective Comparative

superlative

Lucky luckier The luckiest

Pretty Prettier The prettiest

Tidy Tidier The tidiest

TWO SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

two syllable adjectives ending in -ed, -ing, -ful, or -less always form the comparative with more and the superlative with the most, e.g.:

Adjective Comparative

superlative

Worried More worried The most worried

Boring More boring The most boring

Careful More careful The most careful

Useless More useless The most useless

THREE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVESAdjectives which have three or more syllables

always form the comparative and superlative with MORE and THE MOST, e.g.:

The only exceptions are some three syllable adjectives which have been formed by adding the prefix -un to another adjective, especially those formed from an adjective ending in -y. These adjectives can form comparatives and superlatives by using more/most or adding -er/-est, e.g.:unhappy – unhappier – the unhappiest/ the most unhappy

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Dangerous More dangerous The most dangerous

Difficult More difficult The most difficult

Group WOrkReaders & WB 214Spelling Day 2Language Arts WB 85Tri-fold Section 2SmartBoard- Vocabulary

What are some of the difficulties and satisfactions in the life of an archeologist?

Day 3 - Question of the Day

Review Questions1.Why might so few people have

known about the ruins?

2.What might have happened before the boy had a dream about the stranger?

3.What did Bingham see after he found the sun temple?

4.Make a generalization about the Incas from what you have learned in this story.

5.Why did the author include the boy’s thoughts?

Review Questions1. What did the boy call the camera?

Why?

2.What is the main idea of the selection?

3.How was the author’s search for the ruins different from Bingham’s?

4.How would you describe the journey to Machu Picchu?

5.How are Cusco and the first capital of the Inca alike? Different?

Archeologists have curiosity about people who lived long ago.

Archeologists have curiosity about people who lived long ago.

They had to cut their way through jungles with thickets full of dangerous animals.

They had to cut their way through jungles with thickets full of dangerous animals.

Professor Bingham discovered the lost ruins of Machu Picchu.

Professor Bingham discovered the lost ruins of Machu Picchu.

What looks like rocks to us might be a glorious sight to a scientist.

What looks like rocks to us might be a glorious sight to a scientist.

The terraced fields on the side of the mountain were for growing crops.

The terraced fields on the side of the mountain were for growing crops.

Granite cliffs rose thousands of feet above the river.

Granite cliffs rose thousands of feet above the river.

The farmers cut terraces on steep hillsides to create flat places to farm.

The farmers cut terraces on steep hillsides to create flat places to farm.

A farmer’s home was usually a one-room adobe hut.

A farmer’s home was usually a one-room adobe hut.

They had to cross mountain rivers that fall in a raging torrent.

They had to cross mountain rivers that fall in a raging torrent.

Nights in the highlands were very cold.

Nights in the highlands were very cold.

5. What an amazing place this were for a city.

6. How do people centuries ago build anything so high in

the mountains.

Group WorkPartner Read & WB 127-128Spelling Day 3Language Arts WB 86Tri-Fold Section 3SmartBoard- Reading Review

TOC

Day 4 - Question of the Day - Review

How is visiting Machu Picchu today different from the trip Hiram Bingham made?

7. Machu Picchu is famouser than this inca city.

8. Thousands of tourists visits every year, they bring money

to the local economy.

Group WorkReading Computer TestLanguage Arts WB 87Essay QuestionsTri-fold Section 4

TOC

Essay Questions1. Why might so few people have

known about the ruins?2. Why did the boy call the camera

a “black box”?3. How was the author’s search

for the ruins different than Bingham’s?

Day 5 - Question of the WeekTE 488L

What surprises can happen on an expedition?

Study Skill – Outline TE 559L Outlining helps you understand text

structure and remember information. An outline is a plan that show how a

story or other text is organized. You can also you an outline to organize

your thoughts before you write something of your own.

Outlining information can also help you prepare for tests.

Study Skill – Outline TE 559L

The title is listed at the top of the outline.

Topics are the most important ideas. They are identified with Roman numerals.

Subtitles are listed under a topic and tell more about it. They are identified with capital letters.

Details are listed under a subtopic and tell more about it. They are identified with numbers.

Let’s look at PB 219 and 220.

Practice OutlinesMachu Picchu (Title)

I. In the Past (Main Idea)A. The Inca People (Subtopic)B. The End of the IncaC. The Legacy 1. Architecture (details) 2. Artifacts

3. Roads II. Modern History

A. Rediscovery 1911B.

C.

5. What an amazing place this were for a city.

6. How do people centuries ago build anything so high in

the mountains.

Group WorkReading WB 219-220Language Arts WB 88Writing AssignmentTri-Fold Section 5SmartBoard Game - Comparing with Adjectives

Writing Assignment Write a Poem

Write a brief poem using at least 3 spelling words.

The poem may be rhyming or non-rhyming.

It may be about any acceptable subject matter.

Additional Resources

More about Machu PicchuPhoto Essay of Machu PicchuWeb Quest Great PowerPoint on Machu PicchuMachu Picchu - How They Kept the SecretMore on the IncasInca Trail MapReading ReviewVocabularyComparing with AdjectivesAdjectives - Comparative & Superlative QuizAdjectives preceded by "more" QuizBrainPop: Outlines