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LITTELFUSESTARTCO

Littelfuse StartcoArc Flash RelayPGR-8800

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOArc Faults: Costly and Dangerous

Dangers Fires Burns Injury Death

Costs Collateral

damage Equipment

replacement Downtime Labour

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOArc Flash / Blast Statistics

Over 1000 people die each year from electrical accidents*

Up to 10 Arc-Flash incidents occur each day in the US

Over 2000 workers are sent to burn centers each year with severe Arc-Flash burns.

OSHA states that 80% of electrically related accidents and fatalities among Qualified Workers are caused by Arc-Flash/Arc-Blast Incidents.

* Source: National Safety Council

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOCase Study – Nov 12, 2009

Chiller Easton Ice Rink, Columbus, Ohio

An electrician was working on a 480V power panel when the panel sparked and caught fire

– The electrician was thrown to the floor and eventually transported to the OSU Burn Center with severe burns on face and hands.

– Witnesses reported the panel was still sparking when the fire crews arrived.

* Source: Dayton Daily News

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LITTELFUSESTARTCO

Electric Shock - trauma caused by the passage of electric current through the body.

Arc-Flash – an unexpected sudden release of intense heat and light energy produced by electricity traveling through air, usually caused by accidental contact between live conductors.

Arc-Blast - a pressure wave created by heating, melting, vaporization, and expansion of conducting material and surrounding air during an Arc-Flash.

Types of Electrical Hazards

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOTypes of Electrical Hazards

Arc-Blast

Gases

Sound

Arc-Flash

LightFire

Shock

Pressure Wave

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Severe burns Vision damage or

blindness Hearing loss Broken bones or internal

organ damage Whiplash Brain injuries Lacerations Fatality

Photos courtesy of OSHA

Effects of Electrical Hazards on Workers

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Costly Damage…

Equipment replacement and need for capital

Equipment repair costs Downtime Production Loss (scrap)

…and business interruption.

Image from IEEE Electrical Safety Workshop, Floyd, Doan, Barrios, Wellman

Image from IEEE Electrical Safety Workshop, H. Landis Floyd, II

Effects of Electrical Hazards on Business

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System Voltage

Arc Characteristics– Arc gap / Distance from arc

Fault Current– Available fault current– Arc current typically 38% of

available fault current

Time– Clearing time

Image from OSHA Office of Training & Education

What Determines Arc-Flash Severity?

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOInitiators of these faults

IEEE Std 493-1997 (Gold Book) Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems

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LITTELFUSESTARTCODevelopment of an Arc Fault

Voltage difference between two conductors (250V) separated by air gap, high resistance

Voltage reaches breakdown point, rapid release of energy across gap Shortest distance from bus bar corner to bolt corner• Usually phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground• Energy limited only by system resistance, air gap impedance

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOLifespan of an Arc Fault

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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Lifespan of an Arc Fault

50 kA bolted fault between 480 Vac and ground

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Effects of an Arc FaultPlenty of Hazards to Choose From

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOExamples of Arc Faults

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOArc Flash Relay

PGR-8800 Series– 1ms reaction time

Detects light– Point sensors (A)– Fiber optic sensor (B)

Detect over-currents– Phase CTs (3)– Any CT with 5A sec.

Link upto (4) AF Relays– Larger systems

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LITTELFUSESTARTCO

PGR-8800Functions & Features

Six light sensors Built-in front sensor Adjustable light sensitivity 1000 event logging Dual inputs for switches or

PLC Fail-safe operation Local USB interface

– No drivers or s/w req’d

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGR-8800 Wiring Diagram

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGA-LS10 - Point Sensors

Red LED forCircuit-check& Visual Diagnostics

MountingHoles(front / back)

32 mm

52 m

m

8 mmSensorLens

Ø3.5 mm

10 m

Shie

ld

Sig

nalSupply

Circuit C

heck

The sensor can be also be mountedto ”see through” the back of the cabinet.

120%

80% 80%

CoverageHalf-Circle

100% 100%

100%R

ange

is 2

to 2

.5 m

eter

s

360°360°

Point Sensor

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGA-LS20 - Fiber-Optic Sensors

One fiber-optic sensor can replace several point sensors

26 ft flexible fiber 360° detection angle LED for visual feedback Built-in circuit check Electrically extendable Plug-in connector

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOMulti-Unit Installation Example

Electrical cablesSensors Detecting ArcFiber-Optic SensorPoint Sensors

Trip

L1 L2 L3

LINKSwitchboardSupply

2

System can be expanded with up to four PGR-8800 Modules

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGR-8800 Applications

Transformer primary 3 x 690 V

Transformer secondary3 x 22 kV

Air-cooled transformers are sensitive to contaminants, affecting the resistance of the air gap between electrical connections (phases, bolted connections etc.)

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOPGR-8800 Applications

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LITTELFUSESTARTCOAdditional Information

www.startco.ca/arcflash Datasheet Product Manual Brochure

Arc Flash RelayBrochure PF136

Datasheet

Littelfuse Startco:306-373-5505