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Literary Terms 2
Plot The sequence of events in a narrative
work. The plot is made up of the following elements: Exposition Rising action Climax Falling action Resolution
Plot (ctd)
Exposition Introduction to the story Reader gets information about the
characters, setting, conflicts, etc. “Background information”
Rising Action Occurs in the story as complications,
twists, or intensifications of the conflict occurs.
The action that leads up to the climax
Climax The emotional high point of the story. The “turning point”
Falling Action The action that follows the climax and
leads to the resolution.
Resolution The part of the plot that concludes the
falling action by revealing or suggesting the outcome of the conflict.
Setting The time and place in which the events
of a story, novel, or play take place. Often helps create atmosphere or mood Not just physical- includes ideas,
customs, values, and beliefs of a particular time and place.
Point of view The perspective from which a story is
told 1st period 3rd person omniscient 3rd person limited
First person POV The narrator is a character in the story Narrator uses “I” Reader sees everything through the
character’s eyes.
3rd person Limited POV Narrator reveals the thoughts, feelings,
and observations of only ONE character. Refers to that character as “he” or “she” but is not actually that character.
3rd person omniscient POV “All- knowing” narrator The narrator is not a character in the
story, but is someone who stands outside of the action and comments.
Knows everything about the characters in the story and may reveal details that the characters couldn’t.
Hyperbole A figure of speech in which great
exaggeration is used for emphasis or humorous effect.
Imagery The “word pictures” that writer’s use to
help evoke an emotional response in readers. In creating effective imagery, writers use sensory details, or descriptions that appeal to one or more of the five senses. Sight Hearing Touch Taste Smell
Foreshadowing An author’s use of clues that hint at
events that will occur later in the plot. Helps to build suspense as well as
prepare readers for what is to come.
Flashback A literary device in which an earlier
episode, conversation, or event is inserted into the chronological sequence of a narrative.
Conflict The struggle between opposing forces in
a story or play.
Man vs Man A conflict that occurs between two
characters.
Man vs Self An internal struggle within a character. Also known as an internal conflict.
Man vs Nature A conflict in which a character must
overcome a force of nature. External conflict
Man vs gods/fate Man versus fate occurs when a
character is compelled to follow an unknown destiny. Man versus fate conflict breeds internal conflict, while forcing a character to consciously, or subconsciously, act on his or her fate.
Internal struggle
Man vs society When characters struggle against the
their culture and government External conflict
Paradox A situation or statement that involves
two parts, both of which are true but seem to contradict each other.
Characterization The method the author uses to reveal a
character’s personality. Two types:
Direct Indirect
Direct Characterization The author or narrator makes direct
statements about a character’s traits. “She was nice” “He was very religious”
Indirect Characterization The author or speaker reveals a
character’s personality through the character’s own words, thoughts, and actions and through the words, ,thoughts, and actions of other characters.
Kody kicked the stray cat as he walked by.
Character An individual in a literary work. May be people, animals, robots, or
whatever the author chooses.
Dynamic Character A character that develops and changes
over the course of a literary work.
Static Character A character that remains the same
throughout a literary work from beginning to end.
Round Character A character that shows many, and some
times contradictory traits.
Flat Character A character that only reveals one
personality trait.
Protagonist The central character in a literary work
around whom the main conflict revolves. Often, the person with whom the
audience members or readers sympathize or identify with.
Antagonist The person or force in society or nature
that opposes the protagonist in a literary work.
Archetype A very typical example of a certain
person or thing. The airhead The jock Mystery story Love story
Theme The main idea or message of a literary
work. An insight about life or human nature. Stated- one which is expressed directly
and explicitly. Implied- a theme that is revealed
gradually through other literary elements (plot, setting, character, point of view, imagery, etc)