ListeningListening

Seven laws to better Seven laws to better listeninglistening

• Spend more time listening• Find interest in the other person• Stay out of the way• Listen to what people mean between

the lines• Make notes• Assume the proper stance• Be aware of your filters

• We spend more time listening than reading, writing, and speaking.

• Hearing is a physiological process that occurs when you’re in the vicinity of vibration. It is basically a passive process occurs without any attention or effort on your part.

• Listening involves 5 steps:• Receiving – hearing and attending• Understanding – learning and

deciphering meaning• Remembering- recalling and

retaining• Evaluating- judging and criticizing• Responding- answering and giving

feedback

I. I. The Listening Process(The Listening Process(

Receiving(stimuli)

Under-standing

(assign meaning)

Remembering(reconstructive)

Evaluating(pos. or neg.)

Responding(back-channeling cues or feedback)

II.II. Listening, Culture,Listening, Culture, GenderGender

A. Culture Effects:• Speech• Nonverbal • Behaviors

• Direct and Indirect Styles• Credibility• Feedback

B.B. Gender & ListeningGender & Listening

III.III. Styles ofStyles of Effective Effective ListeningListening

A. Participatory and PassivePassive listening – listening that is

attentive and supportive but occurs without talking and without directing the speaker in any nonverbal way. Also used negatively to refer to inattentive an uninvolved listening.

B.B. Empathic and Empathic and ObjectiveObjective

• Empathic listening – listening that warrants that you feel and see what speaker feels and sees.

• Objective Listening- the ability to gather information beyond what you see and hear.

• Non-judgmental listening-and listening with an open mind.

• Critical listening- listening to evaluate the quality, value, appropriateness and importance of what you hear.

STYLES,CONT’DSTYLES,CONT’D• PEOPLE ORIENTED

– THEY EXPRESS FEELINGS & EMOTIONS– ARE HIGHLY EMPATHETIC– SEEK COMMON GROUND

• ACTION ORIENTED– INFORMATION WELL ORGANIZED– EVIDENCE

• CONTENT ORIENTED– PREFER COMPLEX INFORMATION– DETAILS– MAKE GOOD LAWYERS/JUDGES

• TIME ORIENTED– SUCCINCT MESSAGES– BRIEF

IV.IV. Active Listening Active Listening = is a = is a skill that produces skill that produces

therapeutic effectstherapeutic effects

+

A.A. Purposes of Active Purposes of Active ListeningListening

1. Increases Accuracy2. Validation of Others

Feelings

3. Prompts the Speaker to Explore Their Own Thoughts & Feelings

B.B. TechniquesTechniques

1. Paraphrase Speaker’s Meaning

2. Express Understanding of Speaker’s Feelings

3. Ask Questions

FIRST SPEECH ASSIGNMENTFIRST SPEECH ASSIGNMENT• Introduction Speech• Time Limit: 2-3 min• Notes Allowed: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card

• Outline: None• Visual Aids: Optional• Sources: Yourself • Express yourself! Who are you? What are your

likes and dislikes? You have two minutes to introduce yourself to the class. What are the important details of your life that you would like to share?

• Informative Speech– Provides the

audience with new information, insight, ways of thinking about a topic

• Persuasive– Intended to

influence the attitudes, beliefs, values, or acts of others

Types SpeechesTypes Speeches

• Introduction- speech designed to pave the way for the main speaker 2-3min

• Presentation- Speech that present an award, a prize or a gift to an individual or a group 3-5 min

• Acceptance- a response to a presentation 1-2 min

Ceremonial Ceremonial SpeechesSpeeches

• Welcoming- speech that expresses pleasure for the presence of a person or an organization 2-3 min

• Tribute- speech that praises someone’s accomplishments 4-6 min– Roasts & Toasts– Eulogies

Speeches of Inspiration• Commencement address- a speech presented

by a major political, business, or a social figure, or a prominent alumnus, during graduation ceremonies

• Keynote address- a speech presented near the beginning of an organization’s conference or convention that is designed to inspire participants in their work

• Commemorative address- speeches that are presented to celebrate national holidays or anniversaries of important dates and events

Special Occasion Speech Special Occasion Speech AssignmentAssignment

• Choose any type of special occasion speech that you would like to present

• Time 2-3 minutes

• Outline: Required

• Notes: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card

• Visuals: 1 required

Speaking with Speaking with ConfidenceConfidence

FEARFEAR• HUMILIATION• NOT BEING PREPARED• ONE’S LOOKS• PRESSURE TO PERFORM• PERSONAL INSECURITY• AUDIENCE’S INTEREST• LACK OF EXPERIENCE• MAKING MISTAKES• FAILURE

• Nervous- a state of fear or anxiety about public speaking interaction

• Cognitive nervousness- thinking about how nervous you are likely to be

• Behavioral nervousness- physically displaying characteristics of nervousness

• YOU ARE GOING TO FEEL MORE NERVOUS THAN YOU LOOK

• ALMOST EVERY SPEAKER EXPERIENCE SOME DEGREE OF NERVOUSNESS

• ANXIETY CAN BE USEFUL

BUILD YOUR CONFIDENCEBUILD YOUR CONFIDENCE• DO NOT PROCRASTINATE• KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE• APPROPRIATE TOPIC• BE PREPARED• BE WELL ORGANIZED• KNOW YOUR INTRODUCTION AND

CONCLUSION• RE-CREATE THE ENVIRONMENT

• USE DEEP BREATHING TECNIQUES• CHANNEL YOUR NERVOUS ENERGY• VISULAIZE SUCCESS• GIVE YOURSELF A MENTAL PEP TALK• FOCUS ON YOUR MESSAGE RATHER

THAN YOUR FEAR• LOOK FOR A POSITIVE LISTENER• SEEK SPEAKING OPPORTUNITIES• AFTER THE SPEECH FOCUS ON YOUR

ACCOMPLISHMENT

YOUR FIRST SPEECHYOUR FIRST SPEECH• Speech goal- what you want your

listeners to know, believe, or do• General goal- the type of speech you

are intending to give- informing, or persuading

• Specific goal- a complete sentence that specifies the exact response the speaker wants from the audience

• Speech material- the factual, humorous, exciting, or interesting information that you have gathered to present in your speech

• Chronological organization- following an order that moves from first to last

• Topical organization- following the order of headings

• Adaptation- relating a speech to the audience interests and needs

• Visual Aids- they help clarify, emphasize, or dramatize the verbal information

• Language- ideas communicated through verbal and nonverbal means

• Delivery- how you effectively use your voice and gestures while giving a speech

Effective speech planEffective speech plan

• Determine a goal• Gather information• Organize information• Develop a strategy• Create visual aids• Practice wording• Practice delivery