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Life Cycle Assessment:
automobile steel case study in
Brazil
Authors: Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya
Arnaldo César da Silva Walter
Lif
e cy
cle
Aim and scope definitionAim and scope definition
Inventory analysisInventory analysis
Impact analysisImpact analysis
ImprovementImprovement
Product, process or
activity identification
Product, process or
activity identification
System definitionSystem definition
Region and periodRegion and period
Pollutants identificationPollutants identification
Functional unitFunctional unit
Aim and scope definition
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Collect and storedata
Collect and storedata
AllocationAllocation
Inventory Analysis
Sensibility analysisSensibility analysis
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Impact Analysis
ClassificationClassification
CharacterizationCharacterization
ValorationValoration
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Case study
Preliminary evaluation
LCA
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Preliminary evaluation
Automobile life cycle
Materials extraction
Materials fabrication and automobile assembling
Automobile use
Discard (recycling)
Industry action
Product, process or
activity identification
Product, process or
activity identification
System definitionSystem definition
Region and periodRegion and period
Pollutants identificationPollutants identification
Functional unitFunctional unit
Aim and scope definition
Ugaya, C.M.L. anda Walter, A.C.S.
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Product definition
Steel in automobiles
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
System definition
Primary
production
Secondary
production
Use
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Region and period definition
1999
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Environmental aspects - Inputs
Process
Iron oreScrapFeClayMineral coal Biomass (coal)DieselFuel oilElectricityWaterManganese oreDolomiteZincWater
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Environmental aspects - Outputs
Process
AirParticulate matterNH3
CO2
CONOx
HCSOx
MnOSiO2
P2O5
PbWaterSolid residues
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Functional unit
67%
Steel
30%Replaceble
263 kg
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Sensibility analysis
Allocation
Propriety Physical: mass
Inventory Analysis
LCPhases 10%
AllocationAllocation
Collection and storage
Collect
Inputs Databases: government and associations
Combustion Theoretical
Outputs Questionnaires and interviews: industries
and associations
Storage Spreadsheets
Data collection and storage
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Inventory Analysis
Fabrication
SOx emissions (worst case scenario) 1% de S
CO, MnO, P2O5 e SiO2 Oxidation
Utilization
195.000 km
Energy consumption: average estimatives (alcohol + gasoline)
Pollutant emissions: average estimatives (data from RMSP)
Deterioration factor
Discard
Average brazilian steel recycling 25%
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Interpretation
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
300,0
Wat
er [m
3]
Iron
ore [
kg]
Scrap
[kg]
Fe [kg
]
Clay [k
g]
Energ
y [GJ]
Electri
city [
kWh]
Other
s [kg
]
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Interpretation
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
300,0
350,0
400,0
Residu
es [k
g]
Partic
ulate
[kg]
NH3 [g
]
CO [kg]
SOx [kg
]
MnO
[kg]
P2O5
[kg]
SiO2
[g]
HC [kg]
Nox [k
g]
Pb [g
]
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Interpretation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Water[m3]
RawMaterial
[kg]
Energy[GJ]
Electricity[kWh]
SolidResidues
[kg]
Airemissions
[kg]
CO2 [kg]
Steel production Assembling Use Discard
Ugaya, C.M.L. and Walter, A.C.S.
Sensibility Analysis
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
Water[m3]
RawMaterial
[kg]
Energy[GJ]
Electricity[kWh]
SolidResidues
[kg]
Airemissions
[kg]
CO2 [kg]
Primary production Secondary production Assembling Use Discard
