THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE

NATIONALISM

SOC 1:PHILIPPINE HISTORY WITH GOVERNMENT CONSTITUTION

PH 1Y1-1

Submitted by:Asuncion, Kim JexzelMonterona, Kim PatrizzSee, AnaYambao, Katrina

Mr. Xander GaleraSubmitted to:

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM

Nationalism was not something that developed instantly among Filipinos. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, Ethnic groups only protected by their

own people. There was no nation, only barangays The sentiment only sprung because of

the thirst for freedom and justice Revolts exploded from each corner of

the islands Shouting freedom from polo, the tribute

and other oppressive policies

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM

However, all efforts fell in vain. For as long as the people do not see themselves as Filipinos, uniting regardless of geography and setting aside cultural differences, the oppressors will stay and freedom will continue to be a dream far away from reality

INEVITABLE CHANGE In 1821, Spain lost her precious jewel in the Pacific, Mexico. A revolution erupted and independence was declared. The loss of Mexico resulted to the lost of

almost all her Pacific trades. Galleon trade cannot function

anymore. The viceroyalty of New Spain was the

first and largest provider of resources for the Spanish Empire.

Mexico was replaced with a new princess of Pacific trade , THE PHILIPPINES

Philippines was under the direct rule of Spain

WORLD MAP

GALLEON

GALLEON TRADE

LIBERALISM FROM EUROPE

Under the leadership of Spain’s economic adviser Sinibaldo de Mas, Philippines was prepared for development, New ports were built all throughout the

islands Chinese migration was encouraged

further to bring more oriental goods In 1834 Philippines opened for world

trade, it pave the way to the influx of liberal ideas contained in books and newspaper shipped from Europe and America

Later, Filipinos became bold enough to talk about necessary government reforms.

LIBERALISM FROM EUROPE

By the mid 19th century, Philippine economy was booming. Queen Isabel II , made steps to ensure the economic progress of the Philippines. Banks and other financial institutions were

founded. Transportations were enhanced with the

building of new railways. “Indios” or native Filipinos engaged in

trade and industry creating a new middle class

The children of indios were able to go to school and in colegio or universities, and they were called as the “illustrados” or the enlightened.

QUEEN ISABEL II

THE INDIOS

THE ILLUSTRADOS

THE ILLUSTRADOS

Spain was swept by a revolution, “Revolution of Disgust”, led by Juan Prim and Francisco Serrano in 1868. Serrano took over as Regent Marshal and established the liberal Republic of Spain and a new liberal administration arrived under Gov. Gen. Carlos Ma. Dela Torre. He served from 1869 – 1871, during which, he ignited among the people the cause for freedom. Liberalism was considered a threat to the Spanish so the old rule of conservative absolutism must be revived.

THE SPANISH REVOLUTION OF 1868

GOV. GEN. MA DELA TORRE

JUAN PRIM y PRATS

FRANCISCO SERRANO

The Suez Canal opened in November 1869 built by Ferdinand de Lesseps . It shortened the route between Spain and Manila, it connect the Red Sea and the Mediterranean which triggered the Filipinos towards independence.

OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL

FERDINAND de LESSEPS

THE SUEZ CANAL

Rafael de Izquierdo was assigned as the new governor general of the Philippines. He was considered as one of the most autocratic leaders of the Philippines. He revived the conservative absolutism of administration. His reforms affected the polistas (polo workers) of Cavite, the native soldiers and secular priests.

ADMINISTRATION OF IZQUERDO (1871-1873)

RAFAEL de IZQUERDO

The secularization movement was a struggle between the:

*“REGULAR PRIEST” (missionaries from religious orders)

*”SECULAR PRIEST’ (natives or criollo, Philippine-born Spaniards)

SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT

SECULAR PRIESTS(GOMBURZA)

The struggle arose when the secular priest demanded that parishes should be given to the for administration but they were ignored and assigned as “coadjutors” or assistant of the regular priests. More native Filipinos became priest and pursue the nationalistic movement known as “Filipinazation” of parishes.They were joined by the Philippine-born Spanish priests. Church Officials who supported the

movement: Acting Archbishop of Manila in 1862 Father Pedro Pelaez (who petitioned Queen

Isabel II to give justice to Filipino priests) Father Jose Burgos, a Spanish mestizo

priest Arch Bishop Meliton Martinez of Manila in

1870

THE CAVITE MUTINY OF 1872

January 20,1872 – La Madrid, a Filipino sergeant, led a mutiny and sacked the Cavite Arsenal. Spanish forces quickly suppressed the mutiny which resulted to the death of La Madrid and many of his men. However, the mutiny was magnified into a revolt which failed at its early stage and Spanish authorities implicated Filipino priest and soldiers. Three advocates of the Secularization Movement were branded as masterminds and were charged of rebellion.

THE EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA

The three priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were tried,but the trial was a farce. They were incriminated by Francisco Zaldual, a soldier allegedly bribed to testify against the three.The three were convicted and Izquierdo approved the dealth sentence. On February 17,1872, GomBurZa were executed in Luneta through the “garrote”.

MARIANO GOMEZ JOSE BURGOS JACINTO ZAMORA

THE GomBurZa

GARROTE

EXECUTION OF GomBurZa

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT• The martyrdom of GomBurZa planted the

seed of nationalism among Filipinos, After their Execution sons of wealthy people field to Europe. They realize the dangers of fighting for their causes at home.

• The last two decades of the 19th century were characterized by political activities never before done by Filipinos.It was an era of growing political and social consciousness and discontent. The enlightened middle class “illustrados”, crusade aggressively yet peacefully, by means of writing and speeches, for reforms to rectify the evil of the colonial system. This crusade would be known in history as the Propaganda Movement.

ANTONIO LUNA(TAGALOG)

MARIANO PONCE(NANING)

JOSE MARIA PANGANIBAN(JOMAPA)

The demanded reforms were as follows:• Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards

before the law;• Assimilation of the Philippines as a

regular province of Spain;• Restoration of Philippine representation

in the Spanish Cortes (The Parliament);• Filipinization of parishes; and• Human rights for Filipinos.

• Realizing the importance of press to carry out their objectives,newspaper was used as meduim for speech and expression.

• Marcelo del Pilar, during the Propaganda, founded Tagalog-Spanish newspaper in the Philippines, “The Diaryong Tagalog”

• Graciano Lopez Jaena founded a fornightly newspaper, “La Solidaridad” in Barcelona in 1895.

• Later, Marcelo H. del Pilar replaced Jaena as Editor until its last issue on November 15,1895.

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

In the newspapers mentioned,Jose Rizal became the most celebrated and Radical contributor.For more than a decade, the Filipino propagandists waged their war against the spanish authorities in reason and letters, but they failed to awaken Spain to the demoralizing realities of its colonial administration. All what they said were wasted on deaf ears. The reform Movement, even through not being able to achieve its objectives in the immediate manner, was never a failure. The hearts of the Filipino people will forever thirst for freedom because it was them who listened carefully.The Propaganda may have failed to move Spain but it was this that moved the people to desire better than reforms, independence.

THE PROPAGANDISTS

JOSE RIZAL

Rizal, in the early 1880’s had become one of the most active Propagandists in Spain. There , he finished his Medicine and many other studies aside from being a Mason , a true enemy of the friars. Realizing that newspaper publication proved to be ineffective for realize Propaganda aims, Rizal shifted to writing a novel, the Noli Me Tangere.

JOSE RIZAL

The Noli Me Tangere proved to be the most powerful and effective medium so far used by the Propaganda against the friars and the colonial administration. Its exposition of the social cancer in the Philippines bright about by frailocracy practically enraged the Church. He returned to the Philippines in 1887 and, before the rage of the friars and the government fell upon him, left once again,

JOSE RIZAL

this time, for Japan , America and England. In 1891 , he became the undisputed leader of a united Propaganda in Spain. However, his failure to get support from the members for his sequel novel, El Filibusterismo ,caused him to abandon.Propaganda in Spain and return to the Philippines where the action for change should be. El Fili was equally successful as the Noli . After a brief stay in Hong Kong , Rizal decided to return home, amidst all the dangers.

JOSE RIZAL

When Rizal came back to the Philippines in 1892, he established , “ La Liga Filipina “ . An organization originally conceived with the help of Jose Maria Basa while in Hong Kong. Its constitution was written by Dr. Jose Rizal and organized it on July 3, 1892 in Tondo, Manila, a few days after his homecoming. The aims of La Liga Filipina were far different from that of the Propaganda Movement.

LA LIGA FILIPINA

It iamed at 1 .uniting the archipelago into a homogenous body 2. giving protection against violence an injustice, 3. encouraging education and application of reforms. The league was short lived though, because Jose Rizal was arrested on July 6, 1892 and was deported to Dapitan, where he would stay until 1896, shortly before the outbreak of the revolution.

LA LIGA FILIPINA

EXECUTION OF RIZAL

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