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5/9/2014 1 ATHENS VS. SPARTA THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 431 BCE- 404 BCE LEADING TO THE WAR - REVIEW: - Athens flourishes after the Persian Wars - Enter a new era: CLASSICAL AGE (also known as the golden age) from 480 BCE- 380 BCE. This time brought great art, philosophers and poets mostly out of Athens. - Athens becomes the main polis (city) in Attica - It became very wealthy in it’s trade market with the smaller city states - 478 BCE The Delian League is formed with Athens as the head. It was formed to protect cities against further Persian invasions. LEADING TO THE WAR CONTINUED: - Sparta was another main polis in Peloponnesia (Southern Greece) - It was the only un-walled city in Greece - It was the first to keep a standing army of professional soldiers - Had an oligarchic government meaning they were ruled by a king and a small group of aristocrats - Unlike Athens, Sparta did not take part in the colonization movement between 800- 550 BCE. They basically kept to themselves, conquering city states close by were as Athens wanted to expand their city’s control. - Sparta controlled the Peloponnesian land. ATHENS VS. SPARTA – WATCH THIS! http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detail page&v=aGa_qAqpNj0 WHY THE WAR BEGAN: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA ATHENS Democracy- Believed all citizens (men) should serve in council Main wealth came from trade with other city states Believed in art, philosophy and poetry (read Pericles’ Funeral Oration pg. 118) SPARTA Oligarchic Government- (ruled by few): two kings, five ephors, Council and Assembly Kept to themselves. Did not trade with outsiders Strict Military training both men and women. Mainly farmers and soldiers. WHY THE WAR BEGAN: ATHENS ON THE MOVE - Athens attempted to expand it’s empire into central Greece (Corinth) which threatened Sparta’s land. - Athens also had blocked some cities from trading at Athenian controlled posts. These states within the Delian league who opposed the oppressions and resented Athens for their interference sought revenge. - They asked Sparta for help - This resulted in the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE

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Page 1: Lesson 11 NEW Peloponnesian Wars.pptfxhmyers.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/7/.../lesson_11_new_peloponnesia… · THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 431 BCE-404 BCE LEADING TO THE WAR -REVIEW:-Athens

5/9/2014

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ATHENS VS. SPARTATHE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

431 BCE- 404 BCE

LEADING TO THE WAR - REVIEW:

- Athens flourishes after the Persian Wars

- Enter a new era: CLASSICAL AGE (also known as the golden age) from 480 BCE- 380 BCE. This time brought great art, philosophers and poets mostly out of Athens.

- Athens becomes the main polis (city) in Attica

- It became very wealthy in it’s trade market with the smaller city states

- 478 BCE The Delian League is formed with Athens as the head. It was formed to protect cities against further Persian invasions.

LEADING TO THE WAR CONTINUED:- Sparta was another main polis in Peloponnesia (Southern Greece)

- It was the only un-walled city in Greece

- It was the first to keep a standing army of professional soldiers

- Had an oligarchic government meaning they were ruled by a king and a small group of aristocrats

- Unlike Athens, Sparta did not take part in the colonization movement between 800-550 BCE. They basically kept to themselves, conquering city states close by were as Athens wanted to expand their city’s control.

- Sparta controlled the Peloponnesian land.

ATHENS VS. SPARTA – WATCH THIS!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=aGa_qAqpNj0

WHY THE WAR BEGAN: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA

ATHENS

Democracy- Believed all citizens (men) should serve in council

Main wealth came from trade with other city states

Believed in art, philosophy and poetry (read Pericles’ Funeral Oration pg. 118)

SPARTA

Oligarchic Government-(ruled by few): two kings, five ephors, Council and Assembly

Kept to themselves. Did not trade with outsiders

Strict Military training both men and women. Mainly farmers and soldiers.

WHY THE WAR BEGAN: ATHENS ON THE MOVE

- Athens attempted to expand it’s empire into central Greece (Corinth) which threatened Sparta’s land.

- Athens also had blocked some cities from trading at Athenian controlled posts. These states within the Delian league who opposed the oppressions and resented Athens for their interference sought revenge.

- They asked Sparta for help

- This resulted in the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE

Page 2: Lesson 11 NEW Peloponnesian Wars.pptfxhmyers.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/7/.../lesson_11_new_peloponnesia… · THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 431 BCE-404 BCE LEADING TO THE WAR -REVIEW:-Athens

5/9/2014

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THE WAR BEGINS:

- Sparta’s advantage: Strong land military and numbers

- Athens’ advantage: Strong Navy

- Both cities set out with the strongest features: Sparta marched into Attica burning farms and villages while Athens’ sent the navy to blockade the towns of Peloponnesia

THE WAR: PERICLES STRATEGY:

- As Sparta invaded Attica, Pericles, the Athenian Leader, knew Athens was no match for Sparta’s army.

- He thought that Athens’ long, high walls were no match for the Spartan army, so he devised a plan

- He ordered all of Attica’s people on the Athenian side into Athens’ walls. Food would be accessible for the wall reached the sea and it would prevent the Spartan Army from entering. The plan seemed flawless

- But Pericles overlooked the fact with so many people living in such close quarters, hygiene would take over. A terrible plague took to the city in 430 BCE, killing one third of the population, including Pericles.

UPS AND DOWNS OF THE WAR:- The war continued with victories and defeats on both sides.

- In 421 BCE, both cities agreed to a truce but this was short lived

- Athens decided to attack the island Melos. Melos had only wanted to stay neutral during the Peloponnesian war. But Athens demanded that they enter the war as an ally, or they would suffer the consequences.

- Athens killed all the men on the island that were of military age, and the women and children were sold into slavery.

- For obvious reasons, this angered Sparta.

SYRACUSE:

- The following year after Melos, Athens decided to strike once again

- Their target was Syracuse on the island of Sicily. The reason for attack was because it was closely allied with Sparta and Corinth and provided a large grain supply to the Athenian enemies. Also the defeat of Syracuse would aid Athens to conquer the island of Sicily more easily

SYRACUSE: CONTINUED

- 415 BCE was the year Athens was to attack Syracuse.

- This invasion was extremely expensive and many Athenians had mixed feelings about the huge cost in money and people

- The fleet failed time after time to penetrate the walls of Syracuse

- Eventually the Athenian fleet was defeated and was surrounded and forced to surrender

- Athens suffered a great loss in both money and soldiers, as many Athenians had feared

- After Syracuse, Athens began to suffer in the war

Page 3: Lesson 11 NEW Peloponnesian Wars.pptfxhmyers.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/7/.../lesson_11_new_peloponnesia… · THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 431 BCE-404 BCE LEADING TO THE WAR -REVIEW:-Athens

5/9/2014

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SPARTANS TAKE THE LEAD:

- The Spartans then allied themselves with the Sicilians and next with the Persians which made them grow stronger both on land and now sea

- A combined force of Sparta and Persia defeated an Athens’ fleet at Aegospotami in 405 BCE, Athens’ power began to weaken

- In 404 BCE, Sparta blockades Athens, preventing the essential grain supplies from reaching the city

THE END OF THE WAR:

- Athens nears starvation with the blockade

- This forces them to surrender and the war has ended with a Spartan victory

AFTER THE WAR:- Sparta’s allies wanted to destroy Athens and sell it’s people into slavery

- Sparta, despite Athens being it’s rival, did not want this of the great city

- Sparta spared Athens only demanding that it had to surrender it’s empire and it’s fleet (except 12 war galleys) and tear down it’s walls

- Sparta spared the city mainly because of their services to the Peloponnesian states during the Persian Wars.

AFTER THE WAR

- For the next few years, various Greek city states struggled for power

- First Sparta, then Thebes

- The biggest threat to the city states was Northern Macedonia…

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