MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH
EDU 702: RESEARCH METHODOLOGYMixed Methods ResearchLecturer: Dr.
Johan
Presented by :-Huwaida binti Tajudin 2013422458 Hanafi bin
Hasbullah 2013401686Saiful Nizam bin Mat Saat 2013416388Mohd Faizal
Ridha 2013426796
MIXED-METHODS RESEARCHWhat does it mean?Involves the use of both
quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study.Those who
engage in such research argues that the use of both methods
provides a more complete understanding of research problems than
does the use of either one.What does it mean?
Started in the early 1950s.Only has achieved a significant place
in educational research.The first journal devoted to it began
publication in 2005.There are different views to what a MIXED
METHOD RESEARCH is.
Examples of the kinds of mixed-methods studiesCombining
Qualitative and Quantitative Methodologies in Research on Teachers
Lives, Work, and Effectiveness.Closed and Open-Ended Question Tools
in a Telephone Survey About The Good Teacher.Emotions and Change
During Professional Development for Teachers: A Mixed Methods
Study.Telling It All: A Story of Womens Social Capital Using a
Mixed Methods Approach.There are different views to what a MIXED
METHOD RESEARCH is :-
Numerical and statistical analysis.In-depth information, often
in narrative form, frequently obtained through the analysis of
written communication.What does it mean?
Qualitative Developing a holistic picture and analysis of the
phenomenon being studied with an emphasis on thick rather than
selective description.- Quantitative Observation and interviewing,
prominent instruments used in qualitative research, are also
commonly found in quantitative studies.
Why do mixed-methods researchIT HAS SEVERAL STRENGTHS:1. Clarify
and explain relationships found to exist between variables.2.
Explore relationships between variables IN DEPTH.3. Mixed method
studies can help to confirm or cross-validate relationships
discovered between variables, as when quantitative and qualitative
methods are compared to see if they converge on a single
interpretation of a phenomenon.Drawbacks of Mixed-Method
Studies.You might ask Why all research problems are not addressed
using mixed methods designs?Extremely time-consuming and expensive
to carry out.Many researchers are only experienced in only one type
of research.
Avoiding the drawbacks1. Multiple researchers with differing
areas of expertise work as a team.2. Better off doing a purely
quantitative or qualitative study and doing it well.
1) THE EXPLORATORY DESIGN Viewing the study as a two-phase
project. (analyze data separately)QUALITATIVE data collection
precedes quantitative data collection.Greater emphasis is placed on
the QUALITATIVE data in the study.Example: You first conduct
interviews and then follow up with a few individuals who answered
positively to the questions by giving out survey forms.
SEQUENTIAL OF EXPLORATORY DESIGN
QUALITATIVEQUANTITATIVEQUAL DATA COLLECTIONQUAL DATA
ANALYSISQUAN DATA COLLECTIONQUAN DATA ANALYSISINTERPRETATION 2) THE
EXPLANATORY DESIGNViewing the study as a two-phase project.
(analyze data separately)Collecting QUAN data first followed by
collecting QUAL data second Greater emphasis is placed on the QUAN
data in the studyExample: You first conduct a survey and then
follow up with a few individuals who answered positively to the
questions through interviews.
SEQUENTIAL OF EXPLORATORY DESIGNQUANTITATIVEQUALITATIVE
QUAL DATA COLLECTIONQUAL DATA ANALYSISQUAN DATA COLLECTIONQUAN
DATA ANALYSISINTERPRETATION 3) THE TRIANGULATION DESIGNCollecting
both QUAN and QUAL dataCollecting these data at the same time in
the research procedureAnalyzing the QUAN and QUAL data
separatelyComparing or combining the results of the QUAN and QUAL
analysisExample: collect survey data (quantitative) and collect
individual interviews (qualitative) and then compare the
results
SEQUENTIAL OF TRIANGULATION DESIGNQUANTITATIVEQUALITATIVE
QUAN DATA COLLECTIONQUAL DATA COLLECTIONQUAN DATA ANALYZEQUAL
DATA ANALYZEDATA RESULTS ARE COMPARED/COMBINEDAdvocacy lenses
Presence or absence of an advocacy lens a factor used to
categorized the mixed-method designs.Occurs when the researchers
worldview implies that the purpose of the research is to recommend
the improved treatment to participants in the world outside the
research.Worldview is a comprehensive view of the world and human
life.(including everything)Example of worldview that involve
advocacy lens are:feminist theory, race-based theory and critical
theory
Example of research:A research wanted to triangulating(dividing)
quantitative and qualitative methods.A research on the student
academic performance.Between white suburban school with primarily
black inner-city (poorer central section of city) school.Purposes
of research might be:-Improve condition and academic school black
inner-city student
SAMPLING Qualitative researchers - use purposive sampling.
Researchers select participants who have experience with central
concept being investigate.Small sample size (to get considerable
amount of details)
Quantitative researchers - choose individual who are
representative of a larger population. to get generalize result
Generally random sampling strategies are preferred, however, it
is often not suitable in educational research. Thus, convenience,
systematic or purposive sampling must be used.Sample sizes are much
larger than qualitative studies.Example of the researchA researcher
might randomly select two high schools for the study on drug.
(suburban schools)Survey the 800 graduating.Then conduct six focus
group using purposive sample of students.Finally conclude by
randomly selecting 40 students as subjects.*researcher must make a
number of decisions with regard to sampling before beginning a
mixed-methods study.
MIXED MODEL STUDIES Tashakkori and Teddlie (1998) definedMixed
model studies as those that combine qualitative and quantitative
aproches within several different phases of the research
proses.
Single study- involve an experimental study, then qualitative
data collection after it has been converted to numbers.
Mixed-model study- qualitative and quantitative study ma be
addressed in three phases. (refer book page 563)Complicated system
for classifying research design.Because the three phases occur very
rarely in practice.
STEPS IN CONDUCTING A MIXED-METHODS STUDYEVALUATING A
MIXED-METHODS STUDY
22EVALUATING A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
ETHICS IN MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH Three ethical concern
Protecting participant identityprivacyTreating participants with
respectsensitivityProtecting participants from both physical and
psychological harmInjury and pressureSUMMARYMixed method studies
becoming popular and common in educational research.
The values lies in combining qualitative and quantitative
methods (complement each other)
Requires time, energy and resources in both quantitative and
qualitative methods.Thank YouFor your attention..
