Lecture on International Entrepreneurship Opportunities
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5-1 Introduction Entrepreneurs find it difficult to both manage and expand the venture they created. To expand a venture, entrepreneurs need to: Identify opportunities for domestic and international expansion. Develop different management skills. Infuse new entrepreneurial spirit (Intrapreneurship).
Lecture on International Entrepreneurship Opportunities
Slide 15-*
Introduction
Entrepreneurs find it difficult to both manage and expand the
venture they created.
To expand a venture, entrepreneurs need to:
Identify opportunities for domestic and international
expansion.
Develop different management skills.
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Opening up of controlled economies to market-oriented
enterprise.
Self-interest of organizations as well as the impact of external
events and forces.
Developing countries need training and education as well as
infrastructure to support their development and growth in the next
century.
Introduction (cont.)
Opportunity Recognition and the Opportunity Assessment Plan
The key to successful domestic and international entrepreneurship
is to develop an idea that has a market with a need for the product
or service idea conceived.
Opportunity assessment is often best accomplished by developing an
opportunity assessment plan.
An opportunity assessment plan is not a business plan.
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The first section develops the idea, analyzes competitive products
and companies, and identifies the unique selling
propositions.
The second section focuses on the market—its size, trends,
characteristics, and growth rate.
The third section focuses on the entrepreneur’s and management
team’s skills and experience.
The final section develops a time line indicating the steps to
successfully launch the venture.
Opportunity Recognition and the Opportunity Assessment Plan
(cont.)
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Information Sources
General Information
SCORE is a nonprofit organization that provides free online and
in-person assistance.
Small Business Development Centers provides counseling, training,
and technical assistance on all aspects of managing a new
venture.
Plunkett - Industry data, market research, trends, statistics on
markets, and forecasts.
Frost and Sullivan - Industry specific information.
Euromonitor – Information on consumer market sizes, marketing
parameters, companies, and brands.
Gartner - Information on technology markets.
Gale Directory Library - Industry statistics and information on
nonprofit organizations and associations.
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Business Source Complete - Provides company and industry
information by scanning the Datamonitor reports.
Hoovers - Provides information on both large and small companies
with links to competitors in the same NAICS (North American
Industrial Classification System) category.
Mergent - Provides detailed company and product information on U.S.
and international companies.
Information Sources (cont.)
Search Engines
There are many key terms for searching the needed industry, market,
and competitive information.
Trade Associations
Trade Publications
Provide information and insights on trend, companies, and trade
shows from a local perspective of the particular market and market
conditions.
Information Sources (cont.)
International entrepreneurship is the process of an entrepreneur
conducting business activities across national boundaries.
The activities necessary for ascertaining and satisfying the needs
and wants of target consumers take place in more than one
country.
With a commercial history of only 300 years, the United States is a
relative newcomer to the international business arena.
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The Importance of International Business to the Firm
International business has become increasingly important to firms
of all sizes.
A successful entrepreneur must be able to:
Fully understand the difference between domestic and international
business.
Respond accordingly thereby successfully “going global.”
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Economics
In a domestic business strategy, the entire country is organized
under a single economic system and has the same currency.
Creating a business strategy for a multicountry area means dealing
with differences in:
Levels of economic development.
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Stage of Economic Development
Certain factors significantly impact a firm’s ability to
successfully engage in international business such as:
Fundamental infrastructures.
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Balance of Payments Current Account
With the present system of flexible exchange rates, a country’s
current account (the difference between the value of a country’s
imports and exports over time) affects the valuation of its
currency.
The valuation of one country’s currency affects business
transactions between countries.
International versus Domestic Entrepreneurship (cont.)
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Type of System
Difficulties in doing business in economies that are developing, or
in transition.
Use of barter or third-party arrangements in these countries to
increase business activity.
Barter - A method of payment using nonmoney items.
Third-party arrangements - Paying for goods indirectly through
another source.
International versus Domestic Entrepreneurship (cont.)
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Political-Legal Environment
Political risk analysis - An assessment of a country’s political
policies and its stability prior to entry.
Types of political risks:
International versus Domestic Entrepreneurship (cont.)
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Its business practices.
The manner in which business transactions are executed.
The rights and obligations involved in any business transaction
between parties.
Critical areas for every entrepreneur:
Property rights.
Contract law.
Product safety.
Product liability.
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Language
One of the biggest problems for the entrepreneur is finding a
translator.
Significant problems can occur with careless translation.
Care should be taken to hire a translator whose native tongue is
the target language and whose expertise matches that of the
original authors.
International versus Domestic Entrepreneurship (cont.)
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The variation and availability of technology are often surprising,
particularly to an entrepreneur from a developed country.
New products in a country are created based on the conditions and
infrastructure operant in that country.
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Figure 5.1
Available Distribution Systems
Factors to be considered in determining the distribution system for
a country:
Overall sales potential.
Cost of the product.
Geographical size and density.
Strategic Effects of Going Global
Physical and psychological closeness to the international market
affects the way business occurs.
Cultural variables, language, and legal factors can make a foreign
market that is geographically close seem psychologically
distant.
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Issues involved in psychological distance:
The distance envisioned by the entrepreneur may be based more on
perception than reality.
Closer psychological proximity makes it easier for an
entrepreneurial firm to enter a market.
There are more similarities than differences between individual
entrepreneurs regardless of the country.
Strategic Effects of Going Global (cont.)
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Develop appropriate indicators.
Analyze the data.
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They can facilitate business transactions and update the
entrepreneur on business, economic, and political conditions.
Good partners share the entrepreneur’s vision, are unlikely to
exploit the partnership, and can help the entrepreneur achieve his
or her goals.
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Established in 1947 under U.S. leadership; includes over 100
nations.
Objective - To liberalize trade by eliminating or reducing tariffs,
subsidies, and import quotas.
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Support of GATT resulted in:
Strain on the world trading system and the economic success of
countries perceived as not playing by rules.
Establishment of bilateral voluntary export restraints to
circumvent GATT.
Trade Blocs and Free Trade Areas
Free Trade Area (FTA).
European Community (EC).
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Trade barriers increase entrepreneurs’ costs of exporting products
or semifinished products to a country.
Voluntary export restraints may limit entrepreneurs’ ability to
sell products in a country from production facilities outside the
country.
Entrepreneurs may have to locate assembly or production facilities
in a country to conform to local content regulations.
Barriers to International Trade (cont.)