Lec4 Loops.pptnew1

8/14/2019 Lec4 Loops.pptnew1

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s

s

CS 1001 Programming in CLecture 4

More on Decision

Making and Loops inC


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Logic Operators in if

Equal to if (x==10)

Not equal to if (x!=10) Less than if (x10)

Less than / equal to if (x=10)


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Compound Operators

Logical AND if (x==1 && y==2)

Logical OR if (x==1 || y==2)

Logical NOT if (!x)


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Single and Compound Statements

Single statements:

if (condition)

true_statement;

elsefalse_statement;

Multiple statements:

if (condition) {

}

else {

}


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Nested If Statements

void main(void)

{int winner =3;

printf(and the winner of ICC is );

if (winner==1) printf(Pakistan);

else if (winner==2)

printf(England);

else if (winner==3)

printf(WI);

else

printf(Australia);

}


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Conditional Statement

void main(void)

{

int num;

printf("Enter a value:");

scanf("%d", &num);

if (num < 0)

printf("The value is negative\n");

else if (num == 0)

printf("The value is zero\n");

else

printf("The value is positive\n");

return 0;

}


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Switch Statements

Switch statements look like thisexample:

switch (expression) {

value_1 : statements_1; break;

value_2 : statements_2; break;

...

value_n : statements_n; break

default


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switch (winner) {

case 1 : printf(Pakistan);

break;

case 2 : printf(England);

break;

.

value_n : statements_n; break

default:


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Loops

Repeat a series of statements Not reasonable to copy statements

multiple time

Need a way to repeat a block of code

Loops allow repetition


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The For Loop

Syntax: for (initialization;test;increment)

{

statements;

}

The for loop will first perform the initialization.Then, as long test is TRUE, it will execute

statements. After each execution, it willincrement.


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For loop

Known number of iterations

for(count=1;count


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For loop examples

for (x=20 ; x = 20; x -=10) from 80 to 20 in steps of -10


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While loop

Unknown number of iterations

degree =0;

while (degrees


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The While Loop

An example while loop looks like this:

void main(void)

{

char ch;

while (ch != Q || ch != q)

{

ch = getchar( );

}

}


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The Do-while Loop

The do-while loop repeatedly executes ablock of code indicated by statements aslong as the conditional expressioncond_expr is true.

do {

statements;

} while (cond_expr);


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A while for for

i=0;while(i


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A for for while

for(; degree


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Special Cases

You can have as many controlvariables as you want in loops. Thefollowing is fine:

for (x=0, y=0; x+y


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A forever loop

Using forfor(;;)

{

printf(Would you please stop teaching C\n);

}

Using while

while(1)

{printf(Would you please stop teaching C\n);

}


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Fahrenheit-to-Celsius conversionvoid main(void)

{int deg_c, deg_f;

deg_c = 0;

while (deg_c


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int main()

{

int count = 1;

while (count


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Continue & Break

The continue statement is used to forceprogram execution to the bottom of the loop,skipping any statements that come after it.

The breakstatement is used to haltexecution of a loop prior to the loops normaltest condition being met.

The exit statement causes the wholeprogram to terminate if it is called within themain program block.


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Coding for readability

int main()

{

int i,x,y;float z;

.

.

if (x < 7)

{

y= 3;

z= 4.2;}

else if (x > 23)

{

y= 5;

z= 7.2

}

for (i= 1; i < 200; i++) {

for (j= 1; j < 200; j++ {

/* Inside both loops */

}

/* Inside only the first loop */

}

return 0;}

Right bracket

level with

statement whichstarted it

Always indent after

a left bracket

Start a

left bracket aftera statement

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