LCD Display och Grafik Demonstration och konsultation · LCD Display och Grafik. Demonstration och konsultation • Arbetsbokens avsnitt 5 och 6 • LCD Grafisk display • Introduktion

Programmering av inbyggda system

Demonstrationsövning 4 1

LCD Display och Grafik

Demonstration och konsultation•Arbetsbokens avsnitt 5 och 6

• LCD Grafisk display•Introduktion till laboration 3

•Målsättning: Efter lektionen ska alla självständigt kunna slutföra förberedelserna inför laboration 3



#define B_E 0x40 /* Enable */#define B_RST 0x20 /* Reset */#define B_CS2 0x10 /* Controller Select 2 */ #define B_CS1 8 /* Controller Select 1 */ #define B_SELECT 4 /* ASCII or Graphics select */#define B_RW 2 /* Read/Write */#define B_DI 1 /* Data or Instruction : 1 data, 0 Instr */

Definitioner: Intressanta bit positioner



En display. 2 ”controllers”.

cs1 cs2



Definitoner: Kommandon (Sid 17 HITACHI datablad)

#define LCD_ON 0x3F /* Display på */ #define LCD_OFF 0x3E /* Av */#define LCD_SET_ADD 0x40 /* Set X adress (0 – 63) */ #define LCD_SET_PAGE 0xB8 /* Set Y adress (0 – 7) */#define LCD_DISP_START 0xC0 /* Start adress i display minne */ #define LCD_BUSY 0x80 /* läsa ut busy status. R/W skall vara hög */



Addr X 0 - 63 Addr X 0 - 63

Y 0

Y 7

cs1=1cs2=0

cs2=1cs1=0

En bit per pixel (på eller av)



Exempel: cs1 = 1, cs2 = 0, x addr = 7, y addr = 0



Exempel: cs1 = 0, cs2 = 1, x addr = 7, y addr = 0



Port E

#define PORT_DISPLAY_BASE 0x40021000 /* MD407 port E */#define portModer ((volatile unsigned int *) (PORT_DISPLAY_BASE)) #define portOtyper ((volatile unsigned short *)(PORT_DISPLAY_BASE+0x4)) #define portOspeedr ((volatile unsigned int *) (PORT_DISPLAY_BASE+0x8)) #define portPupdr ((volatile unsigned int *) (PORT_DISPLAY_BASE+0xC)) #define portIdr ((volatile unsigned short *)(PORT_DISPLAY_BASE+0x10)) #define portIdrHigh ((volatile unsigned char *)(PORT_DISPLAY_BASE+0x11)) #define portOdrLow ((volatile unsigned char *)(PORT_DISPLAY_BASE+0x14)) #define portOdrHigh ((volatile unsigned char *)(PORT_DISPLAY_BASE+0x14+1))



Konfigurera portar

void init_app(void){/* PORT E */*portModer = 0x55555555; /* all bits outputs */*portOtyper = 0x00000000; /* outputs are push/pull */*portOspeedr = 0x55555555; /* medium speed */*portPupdr = 0x55550000; /* inputs are pull up */}



Bekant sedan tidigare: Men det skiljer sig i detaljerna.

static void graphic_ctrl_bit_set( unsigned char x ){

*portOdrLow|= ( ~B_SELECT & x );}static void graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( unsigned char x ){

*portOdrLow &= ( ~B_SELECT & ~x );}



Implementera select_controller

static void select_controller(unsigned char controller){

switch(controller){case 0: graphic_ctrl_bit_clear(B_CS1|B_CS2); break;case B_CS1 : graphic_ctrl_bit_set(B_CS1); graphic_ctrl_bit_clear(B_CS2); break;case B_CS2 : graphic_ctrl_bit_set(B_CS2); graphic_ctrl_bit_clear(B_CS1); break;case B_CS1|B_CS2 : graphic_ctrl_bit_set(B_CS1|B_CS2); break;

}}



Koncepten kända sedan tidigare (ASCII Display).

static void graphic_wait_ready(void){

unsigned char c;

graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_E ); *portModer = 0x00005555;

/* b15-8 are inputs, 7-0 are outputs */graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_DI ); graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_RW ); delay_500ns();

while( 1 ){

graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_E ); delay_500ns();c = *portIdrHigh & 0x80;if( c == 0 )break;graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_E ); delay_500ns();

}*portModer = 0x55555555; /* all bits outputs

*/graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_E );

}



static unsigned char display_read(unsigned char controller){

unsigned char c;*portModer = 0x00005555;

/* b15-8 are inputs, 7-0 are outputs */select_controller( controller );

graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_E ); graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_DI | B_RW ); delay_500ns();graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_E ); delay_500ns();c = *portIdrHigh;

graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_E );*portModer = 0x55555555; /* all bits outputs */

if( controller & B_CS1 ){select_controller( B_CS1);graphic_wait_ready();}if( controller & B_CS2 ){select_controller( B_CS2);graphic_wait_ready();}

return c;}



Sid 10 Hitachi, datablad visar att man behöver göra 2 st läsningarvarav den första resulterar i ett ”dummy” värde.

static unsigned char graphic_read(unsigned char controller){

display_read(controller);return display_read(controller);

}



Implementera graphic_write

static void graphic_write(unsigned char val, unsigned char controller)

{*portOdrHigh = val;select_controller( controller );delay_500ns();graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_E ); delay_500ns();graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_E );

if( controller & B_CS1 ){

select_controller( B_CS1);graphic_wait_ready();

}if( controller & B_CS2 ){

select_controller( B_CS2);graphic_wait_ready();

}

*portOdrHigh = 0;graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_E ); select_controller( 0 );

}



Skriva kommandon och data

static void graphic_writeCommand(unsigned char commandToWrite, unsigned char controller)

{graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_E ); graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_DI | B_RW ); graphic_write(commandToWrite, controller);

}

static void graphic_writeData(unsigned char data, unsigned char controller){

graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_E ); graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_DI ); graphic_ctrl_bit_clear( B_RW ); graphic_write(data, controller);

}



Initiering (sid 88 arbetsboken)

void graphic_initalize(void){

graphic_ctrl_bit_set( B_E ); delay_micro(10);

graphic_ctrl_bit_clear(B_CS1|B_CS2|B_RST|B_E); delay_milli( 30 ); graphic_ctrl_bit_set(B_RST); delay_milli( 100 );graphic_writeCommand(LCD_OFF, B_CS1|B_CS2);graphic_writeCommand(LCD_ON, B_CS1|B_CS2);graphic_writeCommand(LCD_DISP_START, B_CS1|B_CS2);graphic_writeCommand(LCD_SET_ADD, B_CS1|B_CS2);graphic_writeCommand(LCD_SET_PAGE, B_CS1|B_CS2);select_controller(0);

}



Grafik rutiner

• clear_screen (sid 88 arbetsboken) • pixel



Addr X 0 - 63 Addr X 0 - 63

Y 0

Y 7

cs1=1cs2=0

cs2=1cs1=0

#define LCD_SET_ADD 0x40 /* Set X adress (0 – 63) */ #define LCD_SET_PAGE 0xB8 /* Set Y adress (0 – 7) */



void graphic_clearScreen(void){

unsigned char i, j;for(j = 0; j < 8; j++){

graphic_writeCommand(LCD_SET_PAGE | j, B_CS1|B_CS2 );graphic_writeCommand(LCD_SET_ADD | 0, B_CS1|B_CS2 );for(i = 0; i <= 63; i++){

graphic_writeData(0, B_CS1|B_CS2);}

}}



Implementera pixel: logiska koordinater (arbetsbok sidan 89)

1 128

1

64

pixel(x,y)



Implementera pixel: översättning till fysiska koordinater1 128

1

64

pixel(x,y)

X-led: Vilken kontroller skall aktiveras?

Y-led: Kan endast läsa/skriva hela bytes!



Implementera pixel: översättning till fysiska koordinater1 128

1

64

pixel(x,y)

X-led: Vilken kontroller skall aktiveras?

Y-led: Kan endast läsa/skriva hela bytes!

X-led: x <=64 → cs1=1, cs2=0x > 64 → cs1=0, cs2=1

Y-led: (y – 1) / 8 → vilken rad (0 – 7) av bytes.

(y – 1) % 8 → bit i denna byte som vi är intresserade av.



void pixel( int x, int y, int set ){

unsigned char mask,c, controller;int index;

if( (x > 128 ) || (y > 64) )return;

index = (y-1)/8;

switch( (y-1)%8 ){

case 0: mask = 1; break;case 1: mask = 2; break;case 2: mask = 4; break;case 3: mask = 8; break;case 4: mask = 0x10; break;case 5: mask = 0x20; break;case 6: mask = 0x40; break;case 7: mask = 0x80; break;

}if( set == 0)

mask = ~mask;



if(x > 64){controller = B_CS2;x = x - 65;

} else {controller = B_CS1;x = x-1;

}



graphic_writeCommand(LCD_SET_ADD | x, controller );graphic_writeCommand(LCD_SET_PAGE | index, controller );c = graphic_read( controller );graphic_writeCommand(LCD_SET_ADD | x, controller );if( set ) mask = mask | c;else mask = mask & c;graphic_writeData( mask, controller);

}



int main(int argc, char **argv){

POBJECT p = &ball;init_app();graphic_initalize();graphic_clearScreen();p->set_speed( p, 8, 1);

while( 1 ){

p->move( p );delay_milli(40); /* 25 frames/sec */

}}

Main



THE END!



Anekdot: 90tal. MS-Dos, Intel 486 16Mb RAM, 66MHz, VGA grafik adapter.

void set_vga_mode_320x200() { /* x86 assembler */_asm {

mov ah, 0mov al, 0x13 int 0x10 }

}



320

200

1 byte per pixel → 64000 bytes totalt 1 byte per pixel → 256 olika färger per pixel

Grafik minne



64000Bytes i minnet från address 0xA0000000 bestämmer vadsom visas på skärmen av VGA adaptern.

unsigned char *vga = (unsigned char *)0xA0000000;



320

200

x

y

Pixel position i minnes ”array” = 320 * y + x



VGA set_pixel

void set_pixel(int x, int y, unsigned char color) {vga[320 * y + x] = color;

}

Documents

LCD Display och Grafik Demonstration och konsultation · LCD Display och Grafik. Demonstration och konsultation • Arbetsbokens avsnitt 5 och 6 • LCD Grafisk display • Introduktion