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Marta Pérez-Soba - April 2008 1 11/04/2008 www.sensor-ip.org Land use functions – a multifunctionality approach to assess the impact of land use change on land use sustainability By Marta Pérez-Soba (Alterra WUR), Sandrine Petit (INRA) and Laurence Jones (NERC)

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  • www.sensor-ip.org Marta Pérez-Soba - April 2008111/04/2008 www.sensor-ip.org

    Land use functions – a multifunctionalityapproach to assess the impact of land usechange on land use sustainability

    By Marta Pérez-Soba (Alterra WUR), Sandrine Petit (INRA) and Laurence Jones (NERC)

  • www.sensor-ip.org Marta Pérez-Soba - April 2008211/04/2008 www.sensor-ip.org

    Mountain recreation area

    Grazing

    Residential

    Forest plantation

  • ENV 9.2: Flood risk

    ENV9.1: Forest fore risk

    ENV 8.2: Waste water increased by tourists

    ENV8.1: Waste increase by tourists

    ENV 6.6: Pesticide use

    ENV 6.5: Landscape cohesion

    ENV 6.4: HNV farmland

    ENV 6.3: Deadwood

    ENV 6.2: Farmland birds

    ENV 6.1: Eutrophication

    ENV5: Biomass potential

    ENV 4.3: Carbon sequestration

    ENV 4.2: CH4/N2O emission

    ENV4.1: CO2 emission

    ENV 3.3: Soil wind erosion

    ENV 3.2: Soil sealing

    ENV3.1: Soil water erosion

    ENV2.2: Water abstraction

    ENV2.1: N&P surplus

    ENV1.1: Ammonia emission

    ECO 11.1: Growth rate of real GDP per capita

    ECO 8.1: Gross value added per sector

    ECO 4.1: Administrative costs

    ECO 3.2: Energy cost

    ECO 3.1: Labour cost

    ECO1.1: Net trade flows for agricultural products, energy, tourism & wood

    SOC 12.1: Migration

    SOC 11.2: Change of visual attractivity

    SOC 11.1: Continuity of appreciated landscape heritage

    SOC 10.2: Recreational tourism pressure

    SOC 10.1 Social tourism pressure

    SOC 9.1: Migration pressures

    SOC 3.2: Deviation of regional income from national mean

    SOC 3.1: Regional cohesion

    SOC 1.2: Employment by sector

    SOC 1.1: Unemployment rate

    Impact Indicators

    Environmental Economical Social

  • 5www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    Rationale• Sustainability Impact Assessment

    need for integrative approaches (economic, environmental and social issues)

    • Multifunctionalityto understand the complexity of interactions

    between the multiple uses of land, their temporal and spatial changes

  • 6www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    Needs

    • Methods to evaluate simultaneously economic, environmental and social impacts of land use change, that are expressed by a large set of indicators

  • SENSOR policy scenarios

    Economic impacts

    Social impacts

    Environmental impacts

    Regional sustainability assessment: LUFs

    Macroeconomic model

    Sectoralmodels

    Land usemodel

  • 8www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    • Reduction of the number of dimensions represented by the set of indicators to make the sustainability assessment interpretable LUFS approach

    SENSOR indicators (60)

    LUFs (9)

    economic

    social

    environmental

  • Land Use Functions definition

    LUFs are the goods and services provided by the different land uses, which characterize the most relevant economic, environmental and social aspects of a region

    Maintenance of ecosystem processes

    TransportCultural

    Support and provision biotic resources

    Land based production

    Human health and recreation

    Provision of abioticresources

    Residential and land independent production

    Provision of work

    Mainly environmental

    Mainly economical

    Mainly societal

  • Forest Land Use Functions

    Maintain ecosystem processes

    Cultural: be part of a cultural landscape

    Support biodiversity in the form of landscape cohesion

    Land based production: provision of wood for industry and/or for renewable energy

    Recreation

    Regulate the supply and quality of air, water and minerals

    ResidentialProvision of work

    Mainly environmental

    Mainly economical

    Mainly societal

  • 11www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    DefinitionsProvision of work: Employment provision according to activities in relation with natural resources (quality of jobs, jobs security, etc.)

  • 12www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    DefinitionsLand based production: human productive activities which are mainly reversible, e.g. agriculture, forestry, natural energy resources, mining

  • 13www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    DefinitionsSupport and provision of habitat: capacity of the land to provide biodiversity, from the genetic diversity of organisms to a diversity of habitats in the landscape

  • 14www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    Roots LUFs

    • Multifunctionality in agriculture• Ecosystems goods and services• Landscape functions

  • 15www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    To be testedBalanced towards the three pillars

    Land Use Functions

    Separation between social/cultural and natural/cultivated capital

    Link between LU and goods andservices

    Landscape functions

    Only environment affects society and economics

    Seminatural ecosystems providers

    Ecosystems goods and services

    Not explicitly associated with SD

    Integration of multiple functions

    Multifunctionality in agriculture

    weaknessstrengthFunctional approach

  • Step 1

    SENSOR indicator

    framework: EU level

    Identification of relationship

    between indicators and

    LUFs

    Matrix of indicators per

    LUF

    LUFs General Framework

  • 17www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    Examples of generic tablesLUF7: Provision of abiotic resources

    Indicator Impact issue

    Score for

    Link with

    LUF Justification for score

    Confidence

    of expertise

    NH3 ENV 1 (Air Quality) -2

    Ammonia emissions affect negatively the quality of air, water and soil.

    Ammonia is a secondary particulate precursor affecting air quality. It

    can cause plant damage. In addition, deposition of nitrogen compounds

    from NH3 emissions can lead to increased concentrations of nitrate in

    ground and drinking water due to nitrate leaching. Finally, ammonia

    emissions increase the N depositon and can lead to eutrophication and

    acidification of soils (EEA 2001; Oenema et al. 2007). High

    2200Indicator n

    01-1-1Indicator 4…

    0-11-2Indicator 3

    1001Indicator 2

    101-1Indicator 1

    LUF9LUF3…LUF2LUF1

  • Step 1

    Step 2

    SENSOR indicator

    framework: EU level

    Spatial Regional

    Reference Framework:

    CR level

    Identification of relationship

    between indicators and

    LUFs

    Matrix of indicators per

    LUF

    LUFs General Framework

  • 2700

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    al Reference Framework (SRRF)Regional Reference Framework

  • Step 1

    Step 2

    SENSOR indicator

    framework: EU level

    Spatial Regional

    Reference Framework:

    CR level

    Identification of relationship

    between indicators and

    LUFs

    Detail characterization

    of each CR

    Matrix of indicators per

    LUF

    Importance of each indicator

    for CR sustainability

    Set of CR specific

    matrix with indicators

    weights for each LUF

    LUFs General Framework

  • 21www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    Interdisciplinary group of experts have developed expert rules based on

    Detailed description of CRsExternal data

    Examples:Econ: The degree of importance of the forestry sector was assessed by using the proportion of forest cover in the cluster region

  • 22www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    EC

    O1.1

    A

    Agricult.

    EC

    O1.1

    E E

    nergy

    EC

    O1.1

    F Forestry

    EC

    O1.1

    T ECO

    3.1A

    EC

    O3.1

    C

    EC

    O3.1

    F ECO

    3.2

    EC

    O6.1

    EC

    O7.1

    EC

    O8.1

    A

    Agricult.

    EC

    O8.1

    E E

    nergy

    EC

    O8.1

    F Forestry

    EC

    O8.1

    T ECO

    10.1

    EC

    O11.1

    1 Scandinavian Mountains And Valleys 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 Scandinavian Shield 0 2 2 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 1 2 2 3 Eastern Baltic Plains 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 2 2 4 Central Baltic Plains 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 5 South-East Baltic 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 2 2 6 Alpine Mountains and Valleys 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 7 North-West Atlantic 1 1 0 2 1 2 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 2 2 8 West Baltic / North Sea 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 9 North-Eastern Lowlands / Southern Baltic 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 10 North Sea Plains 1 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 2 2 1 2 0 2 2 2 11 Balkan Plains 0 0 2 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 1 2 2 12 Central Continental Lowlands 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 13 South Continental 1 0 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 14 Atlantic Plains 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 2 15 Central Atlantic Plains / Hills 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 0 2 2 16 Central Atlantic Hills 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 17 Central Atlantic Hills / Plains 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 18 Central Atlantic Lowlands 2 2 0 1 2 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 2 2 19 Northern Mediterranean Coastal / Hinterland 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 20 Central Pannonian Plains 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 1 1 2 2 21 East Pannonian Plains 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2 22 North Pyrenean Margin 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 23 Atlantic Lusitanian Coast 2 2 1 0 2 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 24 West And Central Mediterranean 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 25 Core Mediterranean 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 26 Western Iberia And Mediterranean Islands 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2 2 27 South-East Mediterranean 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 2 2

  • Step 1

    Step 2

    Step 3

    SENSOR indicator

    framework: EU level

    Spatial Regional

    Reference Framework:

    CR level

    Assessment of sustainability limits for each indicator: CR or NUTS-X

    level

    Regional downscaling

    Identification of relationship

    between indicators and

    LUFs

    Detail characterization

    of each CR

    Normalisation of indicator values

    Matrix of indicators per

    LUF

    Importance of each indicator

    for CR sustainability

    Set of CR specific

    matrix with indicators

    weights for each LUF

    Integrated Assessment:

    LUFS weighting and score for each

    region

    Step 4

    LUFs General Framework

  • 24www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    The example: the bio-energy policy case

    - Scenario: Higher demand in biofuelcrops (rapeseed, sunflower, sugar beet, etc.)

    - Policy variables: subsidies for producing biofuel crops

    - Model chain analyses the complex inter-relations of econ, soc and env variables

    00

  • 25www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    The bio-energy policy case: results

    - Land use: lower rate of abandonment of arable land with national restrictions

    - Indicators:- Increase in fuel

    (cultivation + harvesting), fertilizer and water consumption

    - Increase eutrophication- Decrease in erosion and

    soil compaction- Reduced biodiversity- Decrease GHG emissions- Increase employment in

    rural areas

  • 26www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    2700

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    nna)0 500 1.000 1.500250

    Kilometers

    Region 9Scenario 2

  • 27www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    Threshold assessment per indicatorProvision of habitat

    Employment in agricultural sector (SOC 10)Change in visual attractively (SOC 11)N surplus (ENV3)Water extraction (ENV 4)Soil erosion (ENV 5)Farmland birds (ENV 6)Pesticide use (ENV 8)Unemployment rate (SOC 1)Gross added value for agricultural sector (ECON 4)Net trade flows for

    agricultural sector (ECON 5)

    SOC10

    SOC11

    ENV3

    ENV5

    ENV6

    ENV8

    ECO3

    Threshold

  • 28www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    0yes50 kg/ha/year60 kg/ha/year

    N surplus

    0ECO 1

    1SOC 2

    1noLowEmployment

    0yesLowNr farmland birds

    Assessment value

    Threshold exceeded?

    Threshold for the region

    Predicted value (M2 models)

    KEY-INDICATORS

    Assessment of key indicators for each LUF

  • 29www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    ECO 2

    IntegrAsses

    ECO 1

    SOC 2

    SOC 1

    ENV 1

    Land bas prod

    AbiotHabitWorkKEY-IND

    Integrated assessment of indicators in LUF

    Work

    Health & Recreation

    Cultural

    Residential & non-land based

    industry

    Land based production

    Infrastructure

    Abioticresources

    Habitat

    Ecosystem processes

    Reference scenario

    High growth scenario

  • 30www.sensor-ip.org

    Sustainability Impact Assessment of multifunctional land use

    IALUC Conference - April 2008

    LUFs advantagesNew tool for Land use Sustainability Impact AssessmentIt simplifies the classic complex IA based on a large number of indicators by grouping them into 9 LUFsIt makes explicit the connection between multifunctionality and SD. LUFs framework interlinks functions of land mainly characterised by the production of market goods and services with the mainly non-market functions, and illustrates their trade-offs and therefore raises the question of the implication of multifunctionality for the sustainability of the regionModus operandi for assessing multiple stakeholder preferences for future changes and for presenting impact of policies

    00