Labour welfare 03

8/7/2019 Labour welfare 03

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Pollution


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Introduction

y Pollution has been found to be present widely in the

environment.

y Pollution is the introduction of contaminants (pollutants) into

an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or

discomfort to the ecosystem. Pollution can take the form of

chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light.

y Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substancesor energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring,

they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural

levels.


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Definition:

y The contamination of air, water, or soil by substances that

are harmful to living organisms.

y The act of contaminating or polluting; including (either

intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or

factors


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Types of pollution

y Air pollutiony Water pollution

y Land/ soil pollution

y Noise pollution


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Air pollution

y The release of chemicals and particulates into the

atmosphere. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as

nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight which

causes eye irritation, impaired lung function, and damage

to trees and crops.


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Noise pollution

y The word noise comes from the Latin word nausea

meaning seasickness.y Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing

human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the

activity or balance of human or animal life. Noise

pollution includes roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrialnoise.


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Land/soil pollution

Soil pollution/land pollution involves the following

mechanism:

y Deposition of solid waste

y Accumulation of non-biodegradable materials

y Toxic chemicals into poisons


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Some other types are:y Radioactive pollution : contamination , resulting from

20th century activities in atomic physics, such as nuclearpower generation and nuclear weapons research,

manufacture and deployment.y Light pollution : includes light trespass, over illuminationand astronomical interference.

y Visual pollution : which can refer to the presence ofoverhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarredlandforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash ormunicipal solid waste.

y Thermal pollution : a temperature change in natural waterbodies caused by human influence, such as use of water ascoolant in a power plant.


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Causes of air pollutiony Air pollution comes from both natural and man made

sources

y Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes ofair pollution.

y most automobiles, marine vessels, activities that involve

the burning of wood, fumes that are released from aerosol

sprays, military activities that involve the use of nuclearweapons, all are the numerous causes of air pollution.


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Effects of air pollution

y Effects on health

y Effects on visibility

y Effects on property

y Effects on forests and wildlife

y Effects on water resourcesy Effects on climate


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Causes of water pollution


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Effects of water pollution

y The effects of water pollution are numerous. Some water

pollution effects are recognized immediately, whereas others

dont show up for months or years. Additional effects of water

pollution include:

1) The food chain is damaged : when toxins are in the water, the

toxins travel from the water the animals drink to humans when

the animals meat is eaten.

2) Acid rain contains sulphate particles, which can harm fish orplant life in lakes and rivers.

3) Marine food sources are contaminated or eliminated by water

pollution.


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Conclusiony Pollution produces physical and biological effects

that vary from mildly irritating to lethal. Pollution can

destroy vegetation that provides food and shelter. It can

seriously disrupt the balance of nature, and, in extreme

cases, can cause the death of humans.

y Pollution control is a term used in environment

management. It means the control of emissions and

effluents into air, water or soil. The delicate balance

between nature and humans can be protected.

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