Labor Cases Batch 1

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Labor Law Cases

i. EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP

ContentsG.R. No. 73887 December 21, 1989.......................................................................................

GREAT PACIFIC LIFE ASSRANCE C!RP!RATI!N, "e#$#$o%er, &s. '!N!RAT! (DIC! a%)NATI!NAL LA*!R RELATI!NS C!++ISSI!N, res"o%)e%#s......................................................

G.R. No. 121- Febr/ar0 2, 2---................................................................................

PA +ARTIN (! a%) CESAR (!, "e#$#$o%ers, &s. NATI!NAL LA*!R RELATI!NS C!++ISSI!N a

PETER +E(ILA, res"o%)e%#s.....................................................................................................

G.R. No. 1989 Febr/ar0 7, 2--7..............................................................................

+ELENCI! GA*RIEL, re"rese%#e) b0 s/r&$&$% s"o/se, FL!RDELIA 4. GA*RIEL, Pe#$#$o%er,

NELS!N *IL!N, ANGEL *RAIL AND ERNEST! PAGA5GA5, Res"o%)e%#s...............................

G.R. No. 72-9 December 29, 198.......................................................................................

+A+ERT! S. *ESA, )o$% b/s$%ess /%)er #6e %ame a%) s#0e o *ESAS CST!+*ILT

S'!ES,"e#$#$o%er, &s. T'E '!N!RA*LE CRESENCIAN! *. TRA(AN!, DIRECT!R !F T'E

*REA !F LA*!R RELATI!NS, +INISTR5 !F LA*!R AND E+PL!5+ENT, AND :AISA'AN NG

+ANGGAGA;ANG PILIPIN! <:A+PIL=:ATIPNAN>, res"o%)e%#s.............................................

G.R. No. 88 No&ember 1, 1989.......................................................................................

INSLAR LIFE ASSRANCE C!., LTD., "e#$#$o%er, &s. NATI!NAL LA*!R RELATI!NS

C!++ISSI!N a%) +ELECI! *ASIA!, res"o%)e%#s..................................................................

GR. No. 1989-. +a0 28, 2--?..............................................................................................

E+PER+AC! *. A*ANTE, (R., petitioner , vs. LA+ADRID *EARING @ PARTS C!RP. a%) (!SE

LA+ADRID, Pres$)e%#, respondents........................................................................................

G.R. No. 87-98. No&ember , 199?......................................................................................

ENC5CL!PAEDIA *RITANNICA <P'ILIPPINES>, INC., petitioner, vs. NATI!NAL LA*!R RELATI!

C!++ISSI!N, '!N. LA*!R AR*ITER TE!D!RIC! L. D!GELI! a%) *EN(A+IN

LI+(!C!, respondents............................................................................................................

G.R. No. 121. A//s# 28, 1998?.......................................................................................

S'I! +AR:ETING, petitioner, vs. NATI!NAL LA*!R RELATI!NS C!++ISSI!N a%) SE4ERIN

ANT!NI!, respondents...........................................................................................................

G.R. No. 118892. +arc6 11, 1998?.........................................................................................

FILIPINAS *R!ADCASTING NET;!R:, INC., petitioner vs. NATI!NAL LA*!R RELATI!NS

C!++ISI!N a%) SI+E!N +APA (R., respondents...................................................................





II. ;6e#6er $%s/ra%ce ae%#s are e%#$#e) #o #6e em"o0ee be%eB#s "rescr$be) b0 #6e

Labor Co)e.

III. ;6e#6er #6e "/b$c res"o%)e%# NLRC 6as H/r$s)$c#$o% #o #ae co%$a%ce o a

co%#ro&ers0 be#wee% $%s/ra%ce ae%# a%) #6e $%s/ra%ce com"a%0, ar$s$% rom #6e$r

ae%c0 rea#$o%s.

I4. ;6e#6er #6e "/b$c res"o%)e%# ac#e) correc#0 $% se##$% as$)e #6e )ec$s$o% o Labo

Arb$#er 4$#o (. +$%or$a a%) $% or)er$% #6e case rema%)e) #o sa$) Labor Arb$#er or /r#

"rocee)$%s.<". 19, Roo>

T6e cr/ o #6ese $ss/es bo$ )ow% #o #6e /es#$o% o w6e#6er or %o# em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$

e$s#e) be#wee% "e#$#$o%er a%) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#.

Pe#$#$o%er a)m$#s #6a# o% (/%e 9, 197, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# (/)$co e%#ere) $%#o a% areeme%# o ae%

w$#6 "e#$#$o%er Gre"a$e #o become a )eb$# ae%# a##ac6e) #o #6e $%)/s#r$a $e ae%c0 $% Ceb/ C$#0.

Pe#$#$o%er )eB%es a )eb$# ae%# as a% $%s/ra%ce ae%# se$%Jser&$c$% $%)/s#r$a $e "a%s a%) "o$

6o)ers. I%)/s#r$a $e "a%s are #6ose w6ose "rem$/ms are "a0abe e$#6er )a$0, wee0 or mo%#60

w6$c6 are coec#$be b0 #6e )eb$# ae%#s a# #6e 6ome or a%0 "ace )es$%a#e) b0 #6e "o$c0 6o)er

1, Roo>. S/c6 a)m$ss$o% $s $% $%e w$#6 #6e B%)$%s o "/b$c res"o%)e%# #6a# as s/c6 )eb$# ae%#

"r$&a#e res"o%)e%# (/)$co 6a) )eB%$#e wor ass$%me%#s $%c/)$% b/# %o# $m$#e) #o coec#$o% o

"rem$/ms rom "o$c0 6o)ers a%) se$% $%s/ra%ce #o "ros"ec#$&e c$e%#s. P/b$c res"o%)e%# NLRC ao/%) o/# #6a# com"a$%a%# was $%$#$a0 "a$) P 2--. -- as aowa%ce or #6$r#ee% <13> wees rear)e

o "ro)/c#$o% a%) a#er a cer#a$% "erce%#ae )e%om$%a#e) as saes reser&e o 6$s #o#a coec#$o%s b/

%o# esser #6a% P 2--.--. Some#$me $% Se"#ember 1981, com"a$%a%# was "romo#e) #o #6e "os$#$o%

o%e S/"er&$sor a%) was $&e% a))$#$o%a <s/"er&$sors> aowa%ce Be) a# P11-.-- "er wee. D/r$%

#6e #6$r) wee o No&ember 1981, 6e was re&er#e) #o 6$s ormer "os$#$o% as )eb$# ae%# b/#, or

/%%ow% reaso%s, %o# "a$) so=cae) wee0 saes reser&e o a# eas# P 2--.--. F$%a0 o% (/%e 28, 19

com"a$%a%# was )$sm$sse) b0 wa0 o #erm$%a#$o% o 6$s ae%c0 co%#rac#.

Pe#$#$o%er assa$s #6e B%)$%s o #6e NLRC #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# $s a% em"o0ee o #6e ormer.

Pe#$#$o%er ar/es #6a# (/)$cos com"e%sa#$o% was %o# base) o% a%0 Be) %/mber o 6o/rs 6e was

re/$re) #o )e&o#e #o #6e ser&$ce o "e#$#$o%er com"a%0 b/# ra#6er $# was #6e "ro)/c#$o% or res/# o eKor#s or 6$s wor #6a# was be$% com"e%sa#e) a%) #6a# #6e so=cae) aowa%ce or #6e Brs# #6$r#ee

wees #6a# (/)$co wore) as )eb$# ae%#, ca%%o# be co%s#r/e) as saar0 b/# as a s/bs$)0 or a wa0 o

ass$s#a%ce or #ra%s"or#a#$o% a%) mea e"e%ses o a %ew )eb$# ae%# )/r$% #6e $%$#$a "er$o) o 6$s

#ra$%$% w6$c6 was Be) or #6$r#ee% <13> wees. S#a#e) o#6erw$se, "e#$#$o%er co%#e%)s #6a# (/)$cos

com"e%sa#$o%, $% #6e orm o comm$ss$o%s a%) bo%/ses, was base) o% ac#/a "ro)/c#$o%, <$%s/ra%ce

"a%s so) a%) "rem$/m coec#$o%s>.

Sa$) co%#e%#$o%s o "e#$#$o%er are s#ro%0 reHec#e) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#. 'e ma$%#a$%s #6a# 6e

rece$&e) a )eB%$#e amo/%# as 6$s ;ae %ow% as saes reser&e #6e a$/re #o ma$%#a$% #6e same

wo/) br$% 6$m bac #o a be$%%ers em"o0me%# w$#6 a Be) wee0 wae o P 2--.-- rear)ess

"ro)/c#$o%. 'e was ass$%e) a )eB%$#e "ace $% #6e oce #o wor o% w6e% 6e $s %o# $% #6e Be)M a%)

a))$#$o% #o ca%&ass$% a%) ma$% re/ar re"or#s, 6e was b/r)e%e) w$#6 #6e Hob o coec#$o% a%) #

mae re/ar wee0 re"or# #6ere#o or w6$c6 a% a%em$c "erorma%ce wo/) mea% )$sm$ssa. 'e ear

o/# o 6$s a$#6/ a%) "ro)/c#$&e ser&$ce, a "romo#$o% #o o%e S/"er&$sor w$#6 a))$#$o%a s/"er&$sor

aowa%ce, <a )eB%$#e or Be) amo/%# o P11-.--> #6a# 6e was )$sm$sse) "r$mar$0 beca/se o a%em

"erorma%ce a%) %o# beca/se o #6e #erm$%a#$o% o #6e co%#rac# o ae%c0 s/bs#a%#$a#e #6e ac# #6a

was $%)ee) a% em"o0ee o #6e "e#$#$o%er a%) %o# a% $%s/ra%ce ae%# $% #6e or)$%ar0 mea%$% o #6e

#erm.



T6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# (/)$co was a% ae%# o #6e "e#$#$o%er $s /%/es#$o%abe. */#, as ;e 6a&e 6e

$% I%&es#me%# Pa%%$% Cor". &s. SSS, 21 SCRA 29, a% $%s/ra%ce com"a%0 ma0 6a&e #wo casses o

ae%#s w6o se $#s $%s/ra%ce "o$c$es <1> saar$e) em"o0ees w6o ee" )eB%$#e 6o/rs a%) wor /%)

#6e co%#ro a%) s/"er&$s$o% o #6e com"a%0M a%) <2> re$s#ere) re"rese%#a#$&es w6o wor o%

comm$ss$o% bas$s. T6e ae%#s w6o beo% #o #6e seco%) ca#eor0 are %o# re/$re) #o re"or# or wor

a%0#$me, #6e0 )o %o# 6a&e #o )e&o#e #6e$r #$me ec/s$&e0 #o or wor soe0 or #6e com"a%0 s$%ce #

#$me a%) #6e eKor# #6e0 s"e%) $% #6e$r wor )e"e%) e%#$re0 /"o% #6e$r ow% w$ a%) $%$#$a#$&eM #6e0 a

%o# re/$re) #o acco/%# or #6e$r #$me %or s/bm$# a re"or# o #6e$r ac#$&$#$esM #6e0 s6o/)er #6e$r ow%

se$% e"e%ses as we as #ra%s"or#a#$o%M a%) #6e0 are "a$) #6e$r comm$ss$o% base) o% a cer#a$%

"erce%#ae o #6e$r saes. !%e sa$e%# "o$%# $% #6e )e#erm$%a#$o% o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$"

w6$c6 ca%%o# be eas$0 $%ore) $s #6e ac# #6a# #6e com"e%sa#$o% #6a# #6ese ae%#s o% comm$ss$o%

rece$&e) $s %o# "a$) b0 #6e $%s/ra%ce com"a%0 b/# b0 #6e $%&es#or <or #6e "erso% $%s/re)>. A#er

)e#erm$%$% #6e comm$ss$o% ear%e) b0 a% ae%# o% 6$s saes #6e ae%# )$rec#0 )e)/c#s $# rom #6e

amo/%# 6e rece$&e) rom #6e $%&es#or or #6e "erso% $%s/re) a%) #/r%s o&er #o #6e $%s/ra%ce com"a%

#6e amo/%# $%&es#e) a#er s/c6 )e)/c#$o% $s ma)e. T6e #es# #6ereore $s w6e#6er #6e em"o0er

co%#ros or 6as reser&e) #6e r$6# #o co%#ro #6e em"o0ee %o# o%0 as #o #6e res/# o #6e wor #o b

)o%e b/# aso as #o #6e mea%s a%) me#6o)s b0 w6$c6 #6e same $s #o be accom"$s6e).

A""0$% #6e aoreme%#$o%e) #es# #o #6e case a# bar, ;e ca% rea)$0 see #6a# #6e eeme%# o co%#ro

#6e "e#$#$o%er o% (/)$co was &er0 m/c6 "rese%#. T6e recor) s6ows #6a# "e#$#$o%er (/)$co rece$&e) a

)eB%$#e m$%$m/m amo/%# "er wee as 6$s wae %ow% as saes reser&e w6ere$% #6e a$/re #o

ma$%#a$% #6e same wo/) br$% 6$m bac #o a be$%%ers em"o0me%# w$#6 a Be) wee0 wae o P2--.-- or #6$r#ee% wees rear)ess o "ro)/c#$o%. 'e was ass$%e) a )eB%$#e "ace $% #6e oce #o

wor o% w6e% 6e $s %o# $% #6e Be)M a%) $% a))$#$o% #o 6$s ca%&ass$% wor 6e was b/r)e%e) w$#6 #6e

Hob o coec#$o%. I% bo#6 cases 6e was re/$re) #o mae re/ar re"or# #o #6e com"a%0 rear)$% #6e

)/#$es, a%) or w6$c6 a% a%em$c "erorma%ce wo/) mea% a )$sm$ssa. Co%&erse0 a$#6/ a%)

"ro)/c#$&e ser&$ce ear%e) 6$m a "romo#$o% #o o%e S/"er&$sor w$#6 a))$#$o%a s/"er&$sors aowa%c

)eB%$#e amo/%# o P11-.-- as$)e rom #6e re/ar P 2--.-- wee0 aowa%ce. F/r#6ermore, 6$s

co%#rac# o ser&$ces w$#6 "e#$#$o%er $s %o# or a "$ece o wor %or or a )eB%$#e "er$o).

!% #6e o#6er 6a%), a% or)$%ar0 comm$ss$o% $%s/ra%ce ae%# wors a# 6$s ow% &o$#$o% or a# 6$s ow%

e$s/re w$#6o/# ear o )$sm$ssa rom #6e com"a%0 a%) s6or# o comm$##$% ac#s )e#r$me%#a #o #6e

b/s$%ess $%#eres# o #6e com"a%0 or aa$%s# #6e a##er, w6e#6er 6e "ro)/ces or %o# $s o %o mome%#

6$s saar0 $s base) o% 6$s "ro)/c#$o%, 6$s a%em$c "erorma%ce or e&e% )ea) res/# )oes %o# become

ro/%) or )$sm$ssa. ;6ereas, $% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s case, #6e /%)$s"/#e) ac#s s6ow #6a# 6e was

co%#roe) b0 "e#$#$o%er $%s/ra%ce com"a%0 %o# o%0 as #o #6e $%) o worM #6e amo/%# o res/#s, #

$%) o "erorma%ce b/# aso #6e "ower o )$sm$ssa. %)o/b#e)0, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, b0 %a#/re o

"os$#$o% a%) wor, 6a) bee% a re/ar em"o0ee o "e#$#$o%er a%) $s #6ereore e%#$#e) #o #6e "ro#ec

o #6e aw a%) co/) %o# H/s# be #erm$%a#e) w$#6o/# &a$) a%) H/s#$Babe ca/se.

Prem$ses co%s$)ere), #6e a""eae) )ec$s$o% $s 6ereb0 AFFIR+ED in toto.

S! !RDERED.

Melencio-Herrera (Chairperson), Padilla, Sariento and !e"alado, ## ., concur.



G.R. No. L-7!/0-" )*n1*2 !!# "$$

ALIPIO R. R&GA# )OSE PARMA# ELADIO CALDERON# LA&RENTE ,A&T&# )AIME ,AR,IN#

NICANOR %RANCISCO# PHILIP CER4ANTES *n+ ELE&TERIO ,AR,IN# "e#$#$o%ers,

&s.

NATIONAL LA,OR RELATIONS COMMISSION *n+ DE G&5MAN %ISHING ENTERPRISES *n+6o

ARSENIO DE G&5MAN# res"o%)e%#s.

#.C. $spinas % Associates for petitioners.

&oas A. !e'es for private respondent.

%ERNAN# C.J.:

T6e $ss/e #o be reso&e) $% #6e $%s#a%# case $s w6e#6er or %o# #6e Bs6erme%=crew members o #6e #r

Bs6$% &esse 7J* Sa%)0ma% II are em"o0ees o $#s ow%er=o"era#or, De G/ma% F$s6$% E%#er"r$ses,

a%) $ so, w6e#6er or %o# #6e0 were $ea0 )$sm$sse) rom #6e$r em"o0me%#.

Recor)s s6ow #6a# #6e "e#$#$o%ers were #6e Bs6erme%=crew members o 7J* Sa%)0ma% II, o%e ose&era Bs6$% &esses ow%e) a%) o"era#e) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# De G/ma% F$s6$% E%#er"r$ses

w6$c6 $s "r$mar$0 e%ae) $% #6e Bs6$% b/s$%ess w$#6 "or# a%) oce a# Cama$a%, Camar$%es S/r.

Pe#$#$o%ers re%)ere) ser&$ce aboar) sa$) Bs6$% &esse $% &ar$o/s ca"ac$#$es, as oows A$"$o R/a a

(ose Parma "a#ro%J"$o#M Ea)$o Ca)ero%, c6$e e%$%eerM La/re%#e *a/#/, seco%) e%$%eerM (a$me

*arb$%, mas#er Bs6erma%M N$ca%or Fra%c$sco, seco%) Bs6erma%M P6$$" Cer&a%#es a%) Ee/#er$o *arb

Bs6erme%.

For ser&$ces re%)ere) $% #6e co%)/c# o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s re/ar b/s$%ess o #raw Bs6$%,

"e#$#$o%ers were "a$) o% "erce%#ae comm$ss$o% bas$s $% cas6 b0 o%e +rs. P$ar )e G/ma%, cas6$er

"r$&a#e res"o%)e%#. As aree) /"o%, #6e0 rece$&e) #6$r#ee% "erce%# <13> o #6e "rocee)s o #6e sa

o #6e Bs6=ca#c6 $ #6e #o#a "rocee)s ecee)e) #6e cos# o cr/)e o$ co%s/me) )/r$% #6e Bs6$% #r$o#6erw$se, #6e0 rece$&e) #e% "erce%# <1-> o #6e #o#a "rocee)s o #6e sae. T6e "a#ro%J"$o#, c6$e

e%$%eer a%) mas#er Bs6erma% rece$&e) a m$%$m/m $%come o P3-.-- "er wee w6$e #6e ass$s#a%

e%$%eer, seco%) Bs6erma%, a%) Bs6erma%=w$%c6ma% rece$&e) a m$%$m/m $%come o P2-.-- "er

wee. "

!% Se"#ember 11, 1983 /"o% arr$&a a# #6e Bs6$% "or#, "e#$#$o%ers were #o) b0 (ore )e G/ma%,

"res$)e%# o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, #o "rocee) #o #6e "o$ce s#a#$o% a# Cama$a%, Camar$%es S/r, or



$%&es#$a#$o% o% #6e re"or# #6a# #6e0 so) some o #6e$r Bs6=ca#c6 a# m$)sea #o #6e "reH/)$ce o "r$&a

res"o%)e%#. Pe#$#$o%ers )e%$e) #6e c6are ca$m$% #6a# #6e same was a co/%#ermo&e #o #6e$r 6a&$%

orme) a abor /%$o% a%) becom$% members o Dee%)er o I%)/s#r$a Ar$c/#/ra Labor !ra%$a#

a%) Ge%era ;orers %$o% <DIAL!G;> o% Se"#ember 3, 1983.

D/r$% #6e $%&es#$a#$o%, %o w$#%esses were "rese%#e) #o "ro&e #6e c6are aa$%s# "e#$#$o%ers, a%)

cr$m$%a c6ares were orma0 Be) aa$%s# #6em. No#w$#6s#a%)$%, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# re/se) #o a

"e#$#$o%ers #o re#/r% #o #6e Bs6$% &esse #o res/me #6e$r wor o% #6e same )a0, Se"#ember 11, 198

!% Se"#ember 22, 1983, "e#$#$o%ers $%)$&$)/a0 Be) #6e$r com"a$%#s or $ea )$sm$ssa a%) %o%=

"a0me%# o 13#6 mo%#6 "a0, emere%c0 cos# o $&$% aowa%ce a%) ser&$ce $%ce%#$&e "a0, w$#6 #6e

#6e% +$%$s#r0 <%ow De"ar#me%#> o Labor a%) Em"o0me%#, Re$o%a Arb$#ra#$o% *ra%c6 No. 4, Leas

C$#0, Aba0, )oce#e) as Cases Nos. 19=83 #o 1=83. ! T6e0 /%$orm0 co%#e%)e) #6a# #6e0 were

arb$#rar$0 )$sm$sse) w$#6o/# be$% $&e% am"e #$me #o oo or a %ew Hob.

!% !c#ober 2, 1983, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, #6r/ $#s o"era#$o%s ma%aer, Co%ra)o S. )e G/ma%,

s/bm$##e) $#s "os$#$o% "a"er )e%0$% #6e em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% "r$&a#e res"o%)e

a%) "e#$#$o%ers o% #6e #6eor0 #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a%) "e#$#$o%ers were e%ae) $% a Ho$%# &e%#/

A#er #6e "ar#$es a$e) #o reac6 a% am$cabe se##eme%#, #6e Labor Arb$#er sc6e)/e) #6e case or Ho$

6ear$% /r%$s6$% #6e "ar#$es w$#6 %o#$ce a%) s/mmo%s. !% December 27, 1983, a#er #wo <2>

"re&$o/s0 sc6e)/e) Ho$%# 6ear$%s were "os#"o%e) )/e #o #6e abse%ce o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, o%e #6e "e#$#$o%ers 6ere$%, A$"$o R/a, #6e "$o#Jca"#a$% o #6e 7J* Sa%)0ma% II, #es#$Be), amo% o#6ers,

#6e ma%%er #6e Bs6$% o"era#$o%s were co%)/c#e), mo)e o "a0me%# o com"e%sa#$o% or ser&$ces

re%)ere) b0 #6e Bs6erme%=crew members, a%) #6e c$rc/ms#a%ces ea)$% #o #6e$r )$sm$ssa. 0

!% +arc6 31, 198, a#er #6e case was s/bm$##e) or reso/#$o%, Labor Arb$#er As$sco S. Cora)e

re%)ere) a Ho$%# )ec$s$o% / )$sm$ss$% a #6e com"a$%#s o "e#$#$o%ers o% a B%)$% #6a# a Ho$%# Bs6$%

&e%#/re a%) %o# o%e o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" e$s#e) be#wee% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a%)

"e#$#$o%ers.

From #6e a)&erse )ec$s$o% aa$%s# #6em, "e#$#$o%ers a""eae) #o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s

Comm$ss$o%.

!% +a0 3-, 198, #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% "rom/a#e) $#s reso/#$o% arm$% #6

)ec$s$o% o #6e abor arb$#er #6a# a Ho$%# Bs6$% &e%#/re rea#$o%s6$" e$s#e) be#wee% "r$&a#e

res"o%)e%# a%) "e#$#$o%ers.

'e%ce, #6e $%s#a%# "e#$#$o%.

Pe#$#$o%ers assa$ #6e r/$% o #6e "/b$c res"o%)e%# NLRC #6a# w6a# e$s#s be#wee% "r$&a#e res"o%)

a%) "e#$#$o%ers $s a Ho$%# &e%#/re arra%eme%# a%) %o# a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$". To s#ress

#6a# #6ere $s a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6em a%) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, "e#$#$o%ers

$%&$#e a##e%#$o% #o #6e oow$% #6a# #6e0 were )$rec#0 6$re) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# #6ro/6 $#s e%e

ma%aer, Arse%$o )e G/ma%, a%) $#s o"era#$o%s ma%aer, Co%ra)o )e G/ma%M #6a#, ece"# or

La/re%#e *a/#/, #6e0 6a) bee% em"o0e) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# rom 8 #o 1 0ears $% &ar$o/s

ca"ac$#$esM #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, #6ro/6 $#s o"era#$o%s ma%aer, s/"er&$se) a%) co%#roe) #6e

co%)/c# o #6e$r Bs6$% o"era#$o%s as #o #6e B$% o #6e sc6e)/e o #6e Bs6$% #r$"s, #6e )$rec#$o% o

#6e Bs6$% &esse, #6e &o/me or %/mber o #/bes o #6e Bs6=ca#c6 #6e #$me #o re#/r% #o #6e Bs6$%

"or#, w6$c6 were comm/%$ca#e) #o #6e "a#ro%J"$o# b0 ra)$o <s$%e s$)e ba%)>M #6a# #6e0 were %o#

aowe) #o Ho$% o#6er o/#B#s e&e% #6e o#6er &esses ow%e) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# w$#6o/# #6e



"erm$ss$o% o #6e o"era#$o%s ma%aerM #6a# #6e0 were com"e%sa#e) o% "erce%#ae comm$ss$o% bas

o #6e ross saes o #6e Bs6=ca#c6 w6$c6 were )e$&ere) #o #6em $% cas6 b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s

cas6$er, +rs. P$ar )e G/ma%M a%) #6a# #6e0 6a&e #o oow com"a%0 "o$c$es, r/es a%) re/a#$o%s

$m"ose) o% #6em b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#.

D$s"/#$% #6e B%)$% o "/b$c res"o%)e%# #6a# a Ho$%# Bs6$% &e%#/re e$s#s be#wee% "r$&a#e

res"o%)e%# a%) "e#$#$o%ers, "e#$#$o%ers ca$m #6a# "/b$c res"o%)e%# ecee)e) $#s H/r$s)$c#$o% a%)Jor

ab/se) $#s )$scre#$o% w6e% $# a))e) ac#s %o# co%#a$%e) $% #6e recor)s w6e% $# s#a#e) #6a# #6e "$o#=c

members )o %o# rece$&e com"e%sa#$o% rom #6e boa#=ow%ers ece"# #6e$r s6are $% #6e ca#c6 "ro)/c

b0 #6e$r ow% eKor#sM #6a# "/b$c res"o%)e%# $%ore) #6e e&$)e%ce o "e#$#$o%ers #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)

co%#roe) #6e Bs6$% o"era#$o%sM #6a# "/b$c res"o%)e%# )$) %o# #ae $%#o acco/%# es#ab$s6e)

H/r$s"r/)e%ce #6a# #6e rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6e Bs6$% boa# o"era#ors a%) #6e$r crew $s o%e o )$rec

em"o0er a%) em"o0ee.

As$)e rom see$% #6e )$sm$ssa o #6e "e#$#$o% o% #6e ro/%) #6a# #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e abor arb$#er

%ow B%a a%) eec/#or0 or a$/re o "e#$#$o%ers #o Be #6e$r a""ea w$#6 #6e NLRC w$#6$% 1- cae%)a

)a0s rom rece$"# o sa$) )ec$s$o% "/rs/a%# #o #6e )oc#r$%e a$) )ow% $% ir-#en Shippin" and Marine

Services, nc. vs. NLRC, 11 SCRA 37 <1982>, #6e So$c$#or Ge%era ca$ms #6a# #6e r/$% o "/b$c

res"o%)e%# #6a# a Ho$%# Bs6$% &e%#/re e$s#s be#wee% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a%) "e#$#$o%ers res#s o%

reso/#$o% o #6e Soc$a Sec/r$#0 S0s#em <SSS> $% a 198 case, Case No. 7-8 <De G/ma% F$s6$%

E%#er"r$ses &s. SSS>, eem"#$% De G/ma% F$s6$% E%#er"r$ses, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# 6ere$%, rom

com"/sor0 co&erae o #6e SSS o% #6e ro/%) #6a# #6ere $s %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s be#wee#6e boa#=ow%er a%) #6e Bs6erme%=crew members oow$% #6e )oc#r$%e a$) )ow% $%Pa*arillo vs. SSS

17 SCRA 1-1 <19>. I% a""0$% #o #6e case a# bar #6e )oc#r$%e $% Pa*arillo vs. SSS, supra, #6a# #6e

%o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6e boa#=ow%er a%) #6e "$o# a%) crew members w6e%

boa#=ow%er s/""$es #6e boa# a%) e/$"me%# w6$e #6e "$o# a%) crew members co%#r$b/#e #6e

corres"o%)$% abor a%) #6e "ar#$es e# s"ec$Bc s6ares $% #6e ca#c6 or #6e$r res"ec#$&e co%#r$b/#$o%

#6e &e%#/re, #6e So$c$#or Ge%era "o$%#e) o/# #6a# #6e boa#=ow%ers $% #6e Pa*arillo case, as $% #6e ca

a# bar, )$) %o# co%#ro #6e co%)/c# o #6e Bs6$% o"era#$o%s a%) #6e "$o# a%) crew members s6are)

#6e ca#c6.

;e r/e $% a&or o "e#$#$o%ers.

F/%)ame%#a co%s$)era#$o%s o s/bs#a%#$a H/s#$ce "ers/a)e s #o )ec$)e #6e $%s#a%# case o% #6e me

ra#6er #6a% #o )$sm$ss $# o% a mere #ec6%$ca$#0. I% so )o$%, we eerc$se #6e "reroa#$&e accor)e) #o

#6$s Co/r# e%/%c$a#e) $% Firestone Filipinas $plo'ees Association, et al. vs. Firestone &ire and !u++

Co. of the Philippines, nc., 1 SCRA 3- <197>, #6/s #6e we=se##e) )oc#r$%e $s #6a# $% abor cases

beore #6$s Tr$b/%a, %o /%)/e s0m"a#60 $s #o be accor)e) #o a%0 ca$m o a "roce)/ra m$ss#e", #6e

$)ea be$% #6a# $#s "ower be eerc$se) accor)$% #o H/s#$ce a%) e/$#0 a%) s/bs#a%#$a mer$#s o #6e

co%#ro&ers0.

C$rc/ms#a%ces "ec/$ar #o some e#e%# #o Bs6erme%=crew members o a Bs6$% &esse re/ar0

e%ae) $% #raw Bs6$%, as $% #6e case o "e#$#$o%ers 6ere$%, w6o s"e%) o%e <1> w6oe wee or

more 7 $% #6e o"e% sea "erorm$% #6e$r Hob #o ear% a $&$% #o s/""or# #6e$r am$$es, co%&$%ce s #o

a)o"# a more $bera a##$#/)e $% a""0$% #o "e#$#$o%ers #6e 1-=cae%)ar )a0 r/e $% #6e B$% o a""e

w$#6 #6e NLRC rom #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e abor arb$#er.

Recor)s re&ea #6a# "e#$#$o%ers were $%orme) o #6e abor arb$#ers )ec$s$o% o +arc6 31, 198 o%0

(/0 3,198 b0 #6e$r %o%=aw0er re"rese%#a#$&e )/r$% #6e arb$#ra#$o% "rocee)$%s, (ose D$aoo w6o

rece$&e) #6e )ec$s$o% e$6# <8> )a0s ear$er, or o% (/%e 2, 198. As a)&er#e) #o ear$er, #6e

c$rc/ms#a%ces "ec/$ar #o "e#$#$o%ers occ/"a#$o% as Bs6erme%=crew members, w6o )/r$% #6e

"e%)e%c0 o #6e case /%)ers#a%)ab0 6a&e #o ear% a $&$% b0 see$% em"o0me%# esew6ere, $m"r



/"o% s #6a# $% #6e or)$%ar0 co/rse o e&e%#s, #6e $%orma#$o% as #o #6e a)&erse )ec$s$o% aa$%s# #6

wo/) %o# reac6 #6em w$#6$% s/c6 #$me rame as wo/) aow #6em #o a$#6/0 ab$)e b0 #6e 1-=

cae%)ar )a0 a""ea "er$o). T6$s "ec/$ar c$rc/ms#a%ce a%) #6e ac# #6a# #6e$r re"rese%#a#$&e $s a %o

aw0er "ro&$)e e/$#abe H/s#$Bca#$o% #o co%c/)e #6a# #6ere $s s/bs#a%#$a com"$a%ce w$#6 #6e #e%=

cae%)ar )a0 r/e o B$% o a""eas w$#6 #6e NLRC w6e% "e#$#$o%ers Be) o% (/0 1-, 198, or se&e%

)a0s a#er rece$"# o #6e )ec$s$o%, #6e$r a""ea w$#6 #6e NLRC #6ro/6 re$s#ere) ma$.

;e 6a&e co%s$s#e%#0 r/e) #6a# $% )e#erm$%$% #6e e$s#e%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$",

eeme%#s #6a# are e%era0 co%s$)ere) are #6e oow$% <a> #6e seec#$o% a%) e%aeme%# o #6e

em"o0eeM <b> #6e "a0me%# o waesM <c> #6e "ower o )$sm$ssaM a%) <)> #6e em"o0ers "ower #o

co%#ro #6e em"o0ee w$#6 res"ec# #o #6e mea%s a%) me#6o)s b0 w6$c6 #6e wor $s #o be

accom"$s6e). 8 T6e em"o0me%# rea#$o% ar$ses rom co%#rac# o 6$re, e"ress or $m"$e). $ I% #6e

abse%ce o 6$r$%, %o ac#/a em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o% co/) e$s#.

From #6e o/r <> eeme%#s me%#$o%e), ;e 6a&e e%era0 re$e) o% #6e so=cae) r$6#=o=co%#ro

#es# " w6ere #6e "erso% or w6om #6e ser&$ces are "erorme) reser&es a r$6# #o co%#ro %o# o%0 #6

e%) #o be ac6$e&e) b/# aso #6e mea%s #o be /se) $% reac6$% s/c6 e%). T6e #es# cas mere0 or #6e

e$s#e%ce o #6e r$6# #o co%#ro #6e ma%%er o )o$% #6e wor, %o# #6e ac#/a eerc$se o #6e r$6#. "

T6e case o Pa*arillo vs. SSS, supra, $%&oe) b0 #6e "/b$c res"o%)e%# as a/#6or$#0 or #6e r/$% #6a#

Ho$%# Bs6$% &e%#/re e$s#e) be#wee% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a%) "e#$#$o%ers $s %o# a""$cabe $% #6e

$%s#a%# case. T6ere $s %e$#6er $6# o co%#ro %or ac#/a eerc$se o s/c6 r$6# o% #6e "ar# o #6e boa#ow%ers $% #6e Pa*arillo case, w6ere #6e Co/r# o/%) #6a# #6e "$o#s #6ere$% are %o# /%)er #6e or)er o

boa#=ow%ers as rear)s #6e$r em"o0me%#M #6a# #6e0 o o/# #o sea %o# /"o% )$rec#$o%s o #6e boa#=

ow%ers, b/# /"o% #6e$r ow% &o$#$o% as #o w6e%, 6ow o% a%) w6ere #o o Bs6$%M #6a# #6e boa#=ow

)o %o# $% a%0 wa0 co%#ro #6e crew=members w$#6 w6om #6e ormer 6a&e %o rea#$o%s6$" w6a#soe&e

#6a# #6e0 s$m"0 Ho$% e&er0 #r$" or w6$c6 #6e "$o#s aow #6em, w$#6o/# a%0 reere%ce #o #6e ow%ers

#6e &esseM a%) #6a# #6e0 o%0 s6are $% #6e$r ow% ca#c6 "ro)/ce) b0 #6e$r ow% eKor#s.

T6e aoreme%#$o%e) c$rc/ms#a%ces ob#a$%$% $% Pa*arillo case )o %o# e$s# $% #6e $%s#a%# case. T6e

co%)/c# o #6e Bs6$% o"era#$o%s was /%)$s"/#ab0 s6ow% b0 #6e #es#$mo%0 o A$"$o R/a, #6e

"a#ro%J"$o# o 7J* Sa%)0ma% II, #o be /%)er #6e co%#ro a%) s/"er&$s$o% o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s

o"era#$o%s ma%aer. +a##ers )ea$% o% #6e B$% o #6e sc6e)/e o #6e Bs6$% #r$" a%) #6e #$me #ore#/r% #o #6e Bs6$% "or# were s6ow% #o be #6e "reroa#$&e o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#. "! ;6$e "erorm$%

#6e Bs6$% o"era#$o%s, "e#$#$o%ers rece$&e) $%s#r/c#$o%s &$a a s$%e=s$)e ba%) ra)$o rom "r$&a#e

res"o%)e%#s o"era#$o%s ma%aer w6o cae) #6e "a#ro%J"$o# $% #6e mor%$%. T6e0 are #o) #o re"or#

#6e$r ac#$&$#$es, #6e$r "os$#$o%, a%) #6e %/mber o #/bes o Bs6=ca#c6 $% o%e )a0. "3 Cear0 #6/s, #6e

co%)/c# o #6e Bs6$% o"era#$o%s was mo%$#ore) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# #6r/ #6e "a#ro%J"$o# o 7J*

Sa%)0ma% II w6o $s res"o%s$be or )$ssem$%a#$% #6e $%s#r/c#$o%s #o #6e crew members.

T6e co%c/s$o% o "/b$c res"o%)e%# #6a# #6ere 6a) bee% %o c6a%e $% #6e s$#/a#$o% o #6e "ar#$es s$

198 w6e% De G/ma% F$s6$% E%#er"r$ses, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# 6ere$%, ob#a$%e) a a&orabe H/)me

$% Case No. 7-8 eem"#$% $# rom com"/sor0 co&erae o #6e SSS aw $s %o# s/""or#e) b0 e&$)e%c

recor). I# was erro%eo/s or "/b$c res"o%)e%# #o a""0 #6e ac#/a s$#/a#$o% o #6e "ar#$es $% #6e 19

case #o #6e $%s#a%# case $% #6e $6# o #6e c6a%es $% #6e co%)$#$o%s o em"o0me%# aree) /"o% b0

"r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a%) "e#$#$o%ers as )$sc/sse) ear$er.

Recor)s s6ow #6a# $% #6e $%s#a%# case, as )$s#$%/$s6e) rom #6e Pa*arillo case w6ere #6e crew memb

are /%)er %o ob$a#$o% #o rema$% $% #6e o/#B# or a%0 )eB%$#e "er$o) as o%e ca% be #6e crew memb

o a% o/#B# or o%e )a0 a%) be #6e member o #6e crew o a%o#6er &esse #6e %e# )a0, #6e 6ere$%

"e#$#$o%ers, o% #6e o#6er 6a%), were )$rec#0 6$re) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, #6ro/6 $#s e%era ma%a

Arse%$o )e G/ma%, a%) $#s o"era#$o%s ma%aer, Co%ra)o )e G/ma% a%) 6a&e bee% /%)er #6e em



o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# or a "er$o) o 8=1 0ears $% &ar$o/s ca"ac$#$es, ece"# or La/re%#e *a/#/ w6o

was 6$re) o% A//s# 3, 1983 as ass$s#a%# e%$%eer. Pe#$#$o%er A$"$o R/a was 6$re) o% Se"#ember 2

197 as "a#ro%Jca"#a$% o #6e Bs6$% &esseM Ea)$o Ca)ero% s#ar#e) as a mec6a%$c o% A"r$ 1, 19

/%#$ 6e was "romo#e) as c6$e e%$%eer o #6e Bs6$% &esseM (ose Parma was em"o0e) o% Se"#em

29, 197 as ass$s#a%# e%$%eerM (a$me *arb$% s#ar#e) as a "$o# o #6e mo#or boa# /%#$ 6e was

#ra%serre) as a mas#er Bs6erma% #o #6e Bs6$% &esse 7J* Sa%)0ma% IIM P6$$" Cer&a%#es was 6$re)

w$%c6ma% o% A//s# 1, 1972 w6$e Ee/#er$o *arb$% was 6$re) as w$%c6ma% o% A"r$ 1, 197.

;6$e #e%/re or e%#6 o em"o0me%# $s %o# co%s$)ere) as #6e #es# o em"o0me%#, %e&er#6eess #6e

6$r$% o "e#$#$o%ers #o "erorm wor w6$c6 $s %ecessar0 or )es$rabe $% #6e /s/a b/s$%ess or #ra)e o

"r$&a#e res"o%)e%# or a "er$o) o 8=1 0ears s$%ce 198 /a$0 #6em as re/ar em"o0ees w$#6$% #

mea%$% o Ar#$ce 281 o #6e Labor Co)e as #6e0 were $%)ee) e%ae) #o "erorm ac#$&$#$es /s/a0

%ecessar0 or )es$rabe $% #6e /s/a Bs6$% b/s$%ess or occ/"a#$o% o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#. "0

As$)e rom "erorm$% ac#$&$#$es /s/a0 %ecessar0 a%) )es$rabe $% #6e b/s$%ess o "r$&a#e res"o%)e

$# m/s# be %o#e) #6a# "e#$#$o%ers rece$&e) com"e%sa#$o% o% a "erce%#ae comm$ss$o% base) o% #6e

ross sae o #6e Bs6=ca#c6 i.e. 13 o #6e "rocee)s o #6e sae $ #6e #o#a "rocee)s ecee)e) #6e co

o #6e cr/)e o$ co%s/me) )/r$% #6e Bs6$% #r$", o#6erw$se o%0 1- o #6e "rocee)s o #6e sae. S/

com"e%sa#$o% as w$#6$% #6e sco"e a%) mea%$% o #6e #erm wae as )eB%e) /%)er Ar#$ce 97<>

#6e Labor Co)e, #6/s

<> ;ae "a$) #o a%0 em"o0ee s6a mea% #6e rem/%era#$o% or ear%$%s, 6owe&er)es$%a#e), ca"abe o be$% e"resse) $% #erms o mo%e0, w6e#6er Be) or ascer#a$%

o% a #$me, #as, "$ece or comm$ss$o% bas$s, or o#6er me#6o) o cac/a#$% #6e same,

w6$c6 $s "a0abe b0 a% em"o0er #o a% em"o0ee /%)er a wr$##e% or /%wr$##e% co%#rac

em"o0me%# or wor )o%e or #o be )o%e, or or ser&$ces re%)ere) or #o be re%)ere),

$%c/)e) #6e a$r a%) reaso%abe &a/e, as )e#erm$%e) b0 #6e Secre#ar0 o Labor, o

boar), o)$%, or o#6er ac$$#$es c/s#omar$0 /r%$s6e) b0 #6e em"o0er #o #6e em"o

. . .

T6e ca$m o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, w6$c6 was $&e% cre)e%ce b0 "/b$c res"o%)e%#, #6a# "e#$#$o%ers

"a$) $% #6e orm o s6are $% #6e Bs6=ca#c6 w6$c6 #6e "a#ro%J"$o# as 6ea) o #6e #eam )$s#r$b/#es #o 6

crew members $% accor)a%ce w$#6 #6e$r ow% /%)ers#a%)$%

"/

$s %o# s/""or#e) b0 recor)e) e&$)e%ceEce"# #6a# s/c6 ca$m a""ears as a% aea#$o% $% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s "os$#$o% "a"er, #6ere $s %o#6

$% #6e recor)s s6ow$% s/c6 a s6ar$% sc6eme as "reerre) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#.

F/r#6ermore, #6e ac# #6a# o% mere s/s"$c$o% base) o% #6e re"or#s #6a# "e#$#$o%ers aee)0 so) #6e

Bs6=ca#c6 a# m$)sea w$#6o/# #6e %owe)e a%) co%se%# o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, "e#$#$o%ers were

/%H/s#$Bab0 %o# aowe) #o boar) #6e Bs6$% &esse o% Se"#ember 11, 1983 #o res/me #6e$r ac#$&$#$e

w$#6o/# $&$% #6em #6e o""or#/%$#0 #o a$r #6e$r s$)e o% #6e acc/sa#$o% aa$%s# #6em /%m$s#aab0

re&eas #6e )$sc$"$%ar0 "ower eerc$se) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# o&er #6em a%) #6e corres"o%)$%

sa%c#$o% $m"ose) $% case o &$oa#$o% o a%0 o $#s r/es a%) re/a#$o%s. T6e &$r#/a )$sm$ssa o

"e#$#$o%ers rom #6e$r em"o0me%# was c6arac#er$e) b0 /%)/e 6as#e w6e% ess e#reme meas/res

co%s$s#e%# w$#6 #6e re/$reme%#s o )/e "rocess s6o/) 6a&e bee% Brs# e6a/s#e). I% #6a# se%se, #6

)$sm$ssa o "e#$#$o%ers was #a$%#e) w$#6 $ea$#0.

E&e% o% #6e ass/m"#$o% #6a# "e#$#$o%ers $%)ee) so) #6e Bs6=ca#c6 a# m$)sea #6e ac# o "r$&a#e

res"o%)e%# &$r#/a0 res/#$% $% #6e$r )$sm$ssa e&$)e%#0 co%#ra)$c#s "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s #6eor0 o

Ho$%# Bs6$% &e%#/re be#wee% #6e "ar#$es 6ere$%. A Ho$%# &e%#/re, $%c/)$% "ar#%ers6$", "res/""ose

e%era0 a parit' of standin"be#wee% #6e Ho$%# co=&e%#/rers or "ar#%ers, $% w6$c6 eac6 "ar#0 6as a%

e/a "ro"r$e#ar0 $%#eres# $% #6e ca"$#a or "ro"er#0 co%#r$b/#e) " a%) w6ere eac6 "ar#0 eerc$ses e

$6#s $% #6e co%)/c# o #6e b/s$%ess. "7 I# wo/) be $%co%s$s#e%# w$#6 #6e "r$%c$"e o "ar$#0 o s#a%)$



be#wee% #6e Ho$%# co=&e%#/rers as rear)s #6e co%)/c# o b/s$%ess, $ "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# wo/)

o/#r$6#0 ec/)e "e#$#$o%ers rom #6e co%)/c# o #6e b/s$%ess w$#6o/# Brs# resor#$% #o o#6er

meas/res co%s$s#e%# w$#6 #6e %a#/re o a Ho$%# &e%#/re /%)er#a$%, I%s#ea) o arb$#rar0 /%$a#era

ac#$o%, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# s6o/) 6a&e )$sc/sse) w$#6 a% o"e% m$%) #6e a)&a%#aes a%)

)$sa)&a%#aes o "e#$#$o%ers ac#$o% w$#6 $#s Ho$%# co=&e%#/rers $ $%)ee) #6ere $s a Ho$%# Bs6$% &e%#/

be#wee% #6e "ar#$es. */# #6$s was %o# )o%e $% #6e $%s#a%# case. Pe#$#$o%ers were arb$#rar$0 )$sm$sse)

%o#w$#6s#a%)$% #6a# %o cr$m$%a com"a$%#s were Be) aa$%s# #6em. T6e ame ec/se o "r$&a#e

res"o%)e%# #6a# #6e %o%=B$% o #6e cr$m$%a com"a$%#s aa$%s# "e#$#$o%ers was or 6/ma%$#ar$a%

reaso%s w$ %o# 6e" $#s ca/se e$#6er.

;e 6a&e eam$%e) #6e H/r$s"r/)e%ce o% #6e ma##er a%) B%) #6e same #o be s/""or#$&e o "e#$#$o%er

s#a%). I%e"re vs. CC 13 SCRA 3 <198>, we 6e) #6a# Bs6erme% crew members w6o were

recr/$#e) b0 o%e mas#er Bs6erma% oca0 %ow% as maes#ro $% c6are o recr/$#$% o#6ers #o

com"e#e #6e crew members are co%s$)ere) em"o0ees, %o# $%)/s#r$a "ar#%ers, o #6e boa#=ow%ers.

a% ear$er case o A+on" vs. CC, SCRA 379 <1973> w6ere "e#$#$o%er #6ere$%, Dr. A/s#$% Abo%,

ow%er o #6e Bs6$% boa#, ca$me) #6a# 6e was %o# #6e em"o0er o #6e Bs6erme% crew members

beca/se o a% aee) "ar#%ers6$" areeme%# be#wee% 6$m, as B%a%c$er, a%) S$m"$c$o Pa%a%$ba%,

6$s #eam ea)er $% c6are o recr/$#$% sa$) Bs6erme% #o wor or 6$m, we arme) #6e B%)$% o #6e

;CC #6a# #6ere e$s#e) a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6e boa#=ow%er a%) #6e Bs6erm

crew members %o# o%0 beca/se #6e0 wore) or a%) $% #6e $%#eres# o #6e b/s$%ess o #6e boa#=ow%

b/# aso beca/se #6e0 were s/bHec# #o #6e co%#ro, s/"er&$s$o% a%) )$sm$ssa o #6e boa#=ow%er, #6r/

ae%#, S$m"$c$o Pa%a%$ba%, #6e aee) "ar#%er o Dr. Abo%M #6a# w6$e #6ese Bs6erme% crewmembers were "a$) $% $%), or b0 "a$ao bas$s s#$ #6a# ac# )$) %o# a#er #6e c6arac#er o #6e$r

rea#$o%s6$" w$#6 Dr. Abo% as em"o0ees o #6e a##er.

I% Philippine Fishin" Boat /cers and $n"ineers 0nion vs. Court of ndustrial !elations, 112 SCRA 1

<1982>, we 6e) #6a# #6e em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6e crew members a%) #6e ow%e

o #6e Bs6$% &esses e%ae) $% )ee" sea Bs6$% $s mere0 s/s"e%)e) )/r$% #6e #$me #6e &esses a

)r0)oce) or /%)ero$% re"a$rs or be$% oa)e) w$#6 #6e %ecessar0 "ro&$s$o%s or #6e %e# Bs6$% #

T6e sa$) r/$% $s "rem$se) o% #6e "r$%c$"e #6a# a #6ese ac#$&$#$es i.e., )r0)oc, re"a$rs, oa)$% o

%ecessar0 "ro&$s$o%s, orm "ar# o #6e re/ar o"era#$o% o #6e com"a%0 Bs6$% b/s$%ess.

;'EREF!RE, $% &$ew o #6e oreo$%, #6e "e#$#$o% $s GRANTED. T6e /es#$o%e) reso/#$o% o #6eNa#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% )a#e) +a0 3-,198 $s 6ereb0 RE4ERSED a%) SET ASIDE. Pr$&a

res"o%)e%# $s or)ere) #o re$%s#a#e "e#$#$o%ers #o #6e$r ormer "os$#$o%s or a%0 e/$&ae%# "os$#$o%s w

3=0ear bacwaes a%) o#6er mo%e#ar0 be%eB#s /%)er #6e aw. No "ro%o/%ceme%# as #o cos#s.

S! !RDERED.

Gutierre1, #r., Bidin and Cort2s, ##., concur.

Feliciano, #., concurs in the result.



G.R. No. "!"/ %eb1*2 !# !

PA5 MARTIN )O *n+ CESAR )O# 'etitiones#

(s.

NATIONAL LA,OR RELATIONS COMMISSION *n+ PETER ME)ILA# es'on+ents.

&IS&M,ING# J.:

T6$s "e#$#$o% or certiorari sees #o se# as$)e #6e Dec$s$o%1 o Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% <F

D$&$s$o%> "rom/a#e) o% No&ember 21, 199, a%) $#s Reso/#$o% )a#e) (/%e 7, 199, w6$c6 )e%$e)

"e#$#$o%ers mo#$o% or reco%s$)era#$o%.

Pr$&a#e res"o%)e%# Pe#er +eH$a wore) as barber o% a "$ece ra#e bas$s a# D$%as *arber S6o". I% 197

#6e ow%er, D$%a Ta%, so) #6e barbers6o" #o "e#$#$o%ers Pa +ar#$% (o a%) Cesar (o. A #6e em"o0ee

$%c/)$% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, were absorbe) b0 #6e %ew ow%ers. T6e %ame o #6e barbers6o" was

c6a%e) #o ;$%)Be) *arber S6o".

T6e ow%ers a%) #6e barbers s6are) $% #6e ear%$%s o #6e barber s6o". T6e barbers o# #wo=#6$r)s <2

o #6e ee "a$) or e&er0 6a$rc/# or s6a&$% Hob )o%e, w6$e o%e=#6$r) <1J3> we%# #o #6e ow%ers o #6e

s6o".

I% 1977, "e#$#$o%ers )es$%a#e) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# as care#aer o #6e s6o" beca/se #6e ormercare#aer became "60s$ca0 /%B#. Pr$&a#e res"o%)e%#s )/#$es as care#aer, $% a))$#$o% #o 6$s be$%

barber, were <1> #o re"or# #o #6e ow%ers o #6e barbers6o" w6e%e&er #6e a$rco%)$#$o%$% /%$#s

ma/%c#$o%e) a%)Jor w6e%e&er wa#er or eec#r$c "ower s/""0 was $%#err/"#e), <2> #o ca #6e a/%)

woma% #o was6 )$r#0 $%e%M <3> #o recomme%) a""$ca%#s or $%#er&$ew a%) 6$r$%M <> #o a##e%) #o o#

%ee)s o #6e s6o". For #6$s a))$#$o%a Hob, 6e was $&e% a% 6o%orar$/m e/$&ae%# #o o%e=#6$r) <1J3>

#6e %e# $%come o #6e s6o".345phi3.n6t

;6e% #6e b/$)$% occ/"$e) b0 #6e s6o" was )emo$s6e) $% 198, #6e barbers6o" cose). */# soo% a

"ace %earb0 was re%#e) b0 "e#$#$o%ers a%) #6e barbers6o" res/me) o"era#$o%s as Cesars Paace

*arbers6o" a%) +assae C$%$c. I% #6$s %ew oca#$o%, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# co%#$%/e) #o be a barber a%

care#aer, b/# w$#6 a Be) mo%#60 6o%orar$/m as care#aer, #o w$# rom Febr/ar0 198 #o 199- O

P7--M rom Febr/ar0 199- #o +arc6 1991 O P8--M a%) rom (/0 1992 P1,3--.

I% No&ember 1992, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# 6a) a% a#erca#$o% w$#6 6$s co=barber, (ore T$%o0. T6e

b$cer$%s, c6arac#er$e) b0 co%s#a%# ec6a%e o "erso%a $%s/#s )/r$% wor$% 6o/rs, became

ser$o/s so #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# re"or#e) #6e ma##er #o A##0. Aa% +acara0a o #6e abor )e"ar#m

T6e abor oc$a $mme)$a#e0 s/mmo%e) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a%) "e#$#$o%ers #o a co%ere%ce. "o%

$%&es#$a#$o%, $# was o/%) o/# #6a# #6e )$s"/#e was %o# be#wee% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a%) "e#$#$o%ers

ra#6er, $# was be#wee% #6e ormer a%) 6$s eow barber. Accor)$%0, A##0. +acara0a )$rec#e)

"e#$#$o%ers co/%se, A##0. Pr/)e%c$o Abraa%, #o #6res6 o/# #6e "robem.

D/r$% #6e me)$a#$o% mee#$% 6e) a# A##0. Abraa%s oce a %ew #w$s# was a))e). Des"$#e #6e

ass/ra%ce #6a# 6e was %o# be$% )r$&e% o/# as care#aer=barber, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# )ema%)e)"a0me%# or se&era #6o/sa%) "esos as 6$s se"ara#$o% "a0 a%) o#6er mo%e#ar0 be%eB#s. I% or)er #o

$&e #6e "ar#$es e%o/6 #$me #o coo oK, A##0. Abraa% se# a%o#6er co%ere%ce b/# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%

)$) %o# a""ear $% s/c6 mee#$% a%0more.

+ea%w6$e, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# co%#$%/e) re"or#$% or wor a# #6e barbers6o". */#, o% (a%/ar0 2,

1993, 6e #/r%e) o&er #6e )/"$ca#e e0s o #6e s6o" #o #6e cas6$er a%) #oo awa0 a 6$s beo%$%s



#6ererom. !% (a%/ar0 8, 1993, 6e bea% wor$% as a re/ar barber a# #6e %ew0 o"e%e) Go)$oc

*arbers6o" aso $% I$a% C$#0.

!% (a%/ar0 12, 1993, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# Be) a com"a$%#2 or $ea )$sm$ssa w$#6 "ra0er or "a0m

o se"ara#$o% "a0, o#6er mo%e#ar0 be%eB#s, a##or%e0s ees a%) )amaes. S$%$Bca%#0, #6e com"a$

)$) %o# see re$%s#a#eme%# as a "os$#$&e re$e.

I% a Dec$s$o% )a#e) (/%e 1, 1993, #6e Labor Arb$#er o/%) #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was a% em"o0ee

"e#$#$o%ers, a%) #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was %o# )$sm$sse) b/# 6a) e# 6$s Hob &o/%#ar$0 beca/se o

6$s m$s/%)ers#a%)$% w$#6 6$s co=worer.3 T6e Labor Arb$#er )$sm$sse) #6e com"a$%#, b/# or)ere)

"e#$#$o%ers #o "a0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# 6$s 13#6 mo%#6 "a0 a%) a##or%e0s ees.

*o#6 "ar#$es a""eae) #o #6e NLRC. I% a Dec$s$o% )a#e) No&ember 21, 199, $# se# as$)e #6e abor

arb$#ers H/)me%#. T6e NLRC s/s#a$%e) #6e abor arb$#ers B%)$% as #o #6e e$s#e%ce o em"o0er=

em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% "e#$#$o%ers a%) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#, b/# $# r/e) #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)

was $ea0 )$sm$sse). 'e%ce, #6e "e#$#$o%ers were or)ere) #o re$%s#a#e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a%) "a0

#6e a##ers bacwaes, 13#6 mo%#6 "a0, se"ara#$o% "a0 a%) a##or%e0s ees, #6/s

For a$/re o res"o%)e%#s #o obser&e )/e "rocess beore )$sm$ss$% #6e com"a$%a%#, ;e r/e

a%) 6o) #6a# 6e was $ea0 #erm$%a#e). Co%se/e%#0, 6e s6o/) be re$%s#a#e) a%) "a$) 6$

bacwaes s#ar#$% rom (a%/ar0 1, 1993 /" , #6e #$me o 6$s re$%s#a#eme%# a%) "a0me%# o

se"ara#$o% "a0, s6o/) re$%s#a#eme%# %o# be eas$be o% acco/%# o a s#ra$%e) em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$".

As com"a$%a%#s $%come was m$e), <comm$ss$o% a%) care#aer>, 6e becomes e%#$#e) #o 13

mo%#6 "a0 o%0 $% 6$s ca"ac$#0 as care#aer a# #6e as# ra#e "a0 $&e% #o 6$m.

;$#6 res"ec# #o se"ara#$o% "a0, e&e% worers "a$) o% comm$ss$o% are $&e% se"ara#$o% "a0 a

#6e0 are co%s$)ere) em"o0ees o #6e com"a%0. Com"a$%a%# s6o/) be a)H/)e) e%#$#e) #o

se"ara#$o% "a0 reco%e) rom 197- /" #o #6e #$me 6e was )$sm$sse) o% December 31, 1992

o%e=6a mo%#6 "a0 o 6$s ear%$%s as a barbersM a%) as a care#aer #6e same s6o/) be

reco%e) rom 1977 /" #o December 31, 1992.

As com"a$%a%# 6as bee% ass$s#e) b0 co/%se %o# o%0 $% #6e "re"ara#$o% o #6e com"a$%#,

"os$#$o% "a"er b/# $% 6ear$%s beore #6e Labor Arb$#er a 7uo a##or%e0s ees e/$&ae%# #o 1-

o #6e mo%e0 awar)s s6o/) $ew$se be "a$) #o com"a$%a%#.

;'EREF!RE, #6e )ec$s$o% a""eae) rom $s acated a%) Set Aside a%) a %ew o%e e%#ere) $%

accor)a%ce w$#6 #6e abo&e=B%)$%s a%) awar)s.

S! !RDERED.

I#s mo#$o% or reco%s$)era#$o% 6a&$% bee% )e%$e) $% a Reso/#$o% )a#e) (/%e 7, 199, "e#$#$o%ers Be

#6e $%s#a%# "e#$#$o%.

T6e $ss/es or reso/#$o% are as oows

1. ;6e#6er or %o# #6ere e$s#s a% em"o0ee=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% "e#$#$o%ers a%)

"r$&a#e res"o%)e%#.

2. ;6e#6er or %o# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was )$sm$sse) rom or 6a) aba%)o%e) 6$s em"o0me%#



Pe#$#$o%ers co%#e%) #6a# "/b$c res"o%)e%# ra&e0 erre) $% )ecar$% #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was #6

em"o0ee. T6e0 ca$m #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was #6e$r "ar#%er $% #ra)e w6ose com"e%sa#$o% was

base) o% a s6ar$% arra%eme%# "er 6a$rc/# or s6a&$% Hob )o%e. T6e0 ar/e #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%

#as as care#aer co/) be co%s$)ere) a% em"o0me%# beca/se #6e c6ores are &er0 m$%$ma.

A# #6e o/#se#, we re$#era#e #6e )oc#r$%e #6a# #6e e$s#e%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" $s

/#$ma#e0 a /es#$o% o ac# a%) #6a# #6e B%)$%s #6ereo% b0 #6e abor arb$#er a%) #6e NLRC s6a be

accor)e) %o# o%0 res"ec# b/# e&e% B%a$#0 w6e% s/""or#e) b0 am"e e&$)e%ce.

I% )e#erm$%$% #6e e$s#e%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$", #6e oow$% eeme%#s are

co%s$)ere) <1> #6e seec#$o% a%) e%aeme%# o #6e worersM <2> "ower o )$sm$ssaM <3> #6e "a0me

o waes b0 w6a#e&er mea%sM a%) <> #6e "ower #o co%#ro #6e worers co%)/c#, w$#6 #6e a##er

ass/m$% "r$mac0 $% #6e o&era co%s$)era#$o%. T6e "ower o co%#ro reers #o #6e e$s#e%ce o #6e

"ower a%) %o# %ecessar$0 #o #6e ac#/a eerc$se #6ereo. I# $s %o# esse%#$a or #6e em"o0er #o ac#/a

s/"er&$se #6e "erorma%ce o )/#$es o #6e em"o0eeM $# $s e%o/6 #6a# #6e em"o0er 6as #6e r$6# #o

w$e) #6a# "ower.

Abse%# a cear s6ow$% #6a# "e#$#$o%ers a%) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# 6a) $%#e%)e) #o "/rs/e a rea#$o%s6

$%)/s#r$a "ar#%ers6$", we e%#er#a$% %o )o/b# #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was em"o0e) b0 "e#$#$o%ers a

care#aer=barber. I%$#$a0, "e#$#$o%ers, as %ew ow%ers o #6e barbers6o", 6$re) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# as

barber b0 absorb$% #6e a##er $% #6e$r em"o0. %)o/b#e)0, #6e ser&$ces "erorme) b0 "r$&a#e

res"o%)e%# as barber $s rea#e) #o, a%) $% #6e "/rs/$# o #6e "r$%c$"a b/s$%ess ac#$&$#0 o "e#$#$o%ersLa#er o%, "e#$#$o%ers #a""e) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# #o ser&e co%c/rre%#0 as care#aer o #6e s6o".

Cer#a$%0, "e#$#$o%ers 6a) #6e "ower #o )$sm$ss "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# be$% #6e o%es w6o e%ae) #6e

ser&$ces o #6e a##er. I% ac#, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# s/e) "e#$#$o%ers or $ea )$sm$ssa, abe$# co%#es#

b0 #6e a##er. As a care#aer, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was "a$) b0 "e#$#$o%ers waes $% #6e orm o

6o%orar$/m, or$$%a0, a# #6e ra#e o o%e=#6$r) <1J3> o #6e s6o"s %e# $%come b/# s/bse/e%#0 "e

a# a Be) amo/%# "er mo%#6. As a barber, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# ear%e) #wo=#6$r)s <2J3> o #6e ee "a$)

"er 6a$rc/# or s6a&$% Hob )o%e. F/r#6ermore, #6e oow$% ac#s $%)/b$#ab0 re&ea #6a# "e#$#$o%ers

co%#roe) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s wor "erorma%ce, $% #6a# <1> "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# 6a) #o $%orm

"e#$#$o%ers o #6e #6$%s %ee)e) $% #6e s6o"M <2> 6e co/) o%0 recomme%) #6e 6$r$% o barbers a%)

masse/ses, w$#6 "e#$#$o%ers 6a&$% #6e B%a )ec$s$o%M <3> 6e 6a) #o be a# #6e s6o" a# 9-- a.m. a%)

co/) ea&e o%0 a# 9-- ".m. beca/se 6e was #6e o%e w6o o"e%e) a%) cose) $#, be$% #6e o%ee%#r/s#e) w$#6 #6e e0.7 T6ese )/#$es were com"$e) w$#6 b0 #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# /"o% $%s#r/c#$o%

o "e#$#$o%ers. +oreo&er, s/c6 #as was ar rom be$% %e$$be as ca$me) b0 "e#$#$o%ers. !% #6e

co%#rar0, $# was cr/c$a #o #6e b/s$%ess o"era#$o% o "e#$#$o%ers as s6ow% $% #6e "rece)$% )$sc/ss$o%

'e%ce, #6ere was e%o/6 bas$s #o )ecare "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a% em"o0ee o "e#$#$o%ers. Accor)$%

#6ere $s %o coe%# reaso% #o )$s#/rb #6e B%)$%s o #6e abor arb$#er a%) NLRC o% #6e e$s#e%ce o

em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% 6ere$% "r$&a#e "ar#$es.

;$#6 rear) #o #6e seco%) $ss/e, H/r$s"r/)e%ce 6as a$) o/# #6e r/es a%) &a$) ro/%) or #erm$%a#$o

em"o0me%#. To co%s#$#/#e aba%)o%me%#, #6ere m/s# be co%c/rre%ce o #6e $%#e%#$o% #o aba%)o% a%

some o&er# ac#s rom w6$c6 $# ma0 be $%erre) #6a# #6e em"o0ee co%cer%e) 6as %o more $%#eres# $%

wor$%.8 I% o#6er wor)s, #6ere m/s# be a cear, )e$bera#e a%) /%H/s#$Be) re/sa #o res/me

em"o0me%# a%) a cear $%#e%#$o% #o se&er #6e em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" o% #6e "ar# o #6eem"o0ee.9

I% #6e case a# bar, #6e abor arb$#er was co%&$%ce) #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was %o# )$sm$sse) b/# e

6$s wor o% 6$s ow% &o$#$o% beca/se 6e co/) %o o%er bear #6e $%cessa%# s/abbes w$#6 6$s co=

worer. Ne&er#6eess, "/b$c res"o%)e%# )$) %o# $&e cre)e%ce #o "e#$#$o%ers ca$m #6a# "r$&a#e

res"o%)e%# aba%)o%e) 6$s Hob. !% #6$s score, "/b$c res"o%)e%# ra&e0 erre) as 6ere/%)er )$sc/ss



A# #6e o/#se#, we m/s# s#ress #6a# w6ere #6e B%)$%s o #6e NLRC co%#ra)$c# #6ose o #6e abor arb$#e

#6e Co/r#, $% #6e eerc$se o $#s e/$#0 H/r$s)$c#$o%, ma0 oo $%#o #6e recor)s o #6e case a%) reeam

#6e /es#$o%e) B%)$%s.1-

I% #6$s case, #6e oow$% c$rc/ms#a%ces cear0 ma%$es# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s $%#e%#$o% #o se&er 6$s

#$es w$#6 "e#$#$o%ers. First , "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# e&e% brae) #o 6$s co=worers 6$s "a% #o /$# 6$s Hob

Cesars Paace *arbers6o" a%) +assae C$%$c as bor%e o/# b0 #6e a)a&$# eec/#e) b0 6$s ormer c

worers.11 Second, 6e s/rre%)ere) #6e s6o"s e0s a%) #oo awa0 a 6$s #6$%s rom #6e s6o". &hird

)$) %o# re"or# a%0more #o #6e s6o" w$#6o/# $&$% a%0 &a$) a%) H/s#$Babe reaso% or 6$s

abse%ce. Fourth, 6e $mme)$a#e0 so/6# a re/ar em"o0me%# $% a%o#6er barbers6o", )es"$#e "re&

ass/ra%ce #6a# 6e co/) rema$% $% "e#$#$o%ers em"o0. Fifth, 6e Be) a com"a$%# or $ea )$sm$ssa

w$#6o/# "ra0$% or re$%s#a#eme%#.

+oreo&er, "/b$c res"o%)e%#s asser#$o% #6a# #6e $%s#$#/#$o% o #6e com"a$%# or $ea )$sm$ssa

ma%$es#s "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s ac o $%#e%#$o% #o aba%)o% 6$s Hob12 $s /%#e%abe. T6e r/e #6a#

aba%)o%me%# o wor $s $%co%s$s#e%# w$#6 #6e B$% o a com"a$%a%# or $ea )$sm$ssa $s %o#

a""$cabe $% #6$s case. S/c6 r/e a""$es w6ere #6e com"a$%a%# sees re$%s#a#eme%# as a re$e.

Coroar$0, $# 6as %o a""$ca#$o% w6ere #6e com"a$%a%# )oes %o# "ra0 or re$%s#a#eme%# a%) H/s# as

or se"ara#$o% "a0 $%s#ea)13 as $% #6e "rese%# case. I# oes w$#6o/# sa0$% #6a# #6e "ra0er or

se"ara#$o% "a0, be$% #6e a#er%a#$&e reme)0 #o re$%s#a#eme%#,1 co%#ra)$c#s "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s

s#a%ce. T6a# 6e was $ea0 )$sm$sse) $s be$e) b0 6$s ow% "ea)$%s as we as co%#em"ora%eo/s

co%)/c#.

;e are, #6ereore, co%s#ra$%e) #o aree w$#6 #6e B%)$%s o #6e Labor Arb$#er #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%

e# 6$s Hob &o/%#ar$0 or reaso%s %o# a##r$b/#abe #o "e#$#$o%ers. I# was error a%) ra&e ab/se o

)$scre#$o% or #6e NLRC #o 6o) "e#$#$o%ers $abe or $ea )$sm$ssa o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#.

;'EREF!RE, #6e "e#$#$o% $s GRANTED. T6e assa$e) Dec$s$o% a%) Reso/#$o% o "/b$c res"o%)e%# NL

are re&erse) a%) se# as$)e. T6e )ec$s$o% o #6e Labor Arb$#er )a#e) (/%e 1, 1993, $s 6ereb0 re$%s#a#

No cos#s.

S! !RDERED.345phi3.n6t

Bellosillo, Mendo1a, Buena and 8e 9eon, #r., ##., concur.



G.R. No. "0$8$ %eb1*2 7# !7

MELENCIO GA,RIEL# e'esente+ b2 s1(i(in s'o1se# %LORDELI5A 4. GA,RIEL# Petitione#

(s.

NELSON ,ILON# ANGEL ,RA5IL AND ERNESTO PAGAYGAY# Res'on+ents.

D E C I S I ! N

A5C&NA# J.:

T6$s $s a "e#$#$o% or re&$ew o% cer#$orar$1 assa$$% #6e Dec$s$o% a%) Reso/#$o% o #6e Co/r# o A""eares"ec#$&e0 )a#e) A//s# , 2--- a%) Febr/ar0 7, 2--1, $% CA=G.R. SP No. 2--1 e%#$#e) Neso%*$o%, e# a. &. Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o%, e# a.

T6e c6ae%e) )ec$s$o% re&erse) a%) se# as$)e #6e )ec$s$o%2 o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%sComm$ss$o% <NLRC> )$sm$ss$% res"o%)e%#s com"a$%# or $ea )$sm$ssa a%) $ea )e)/c#$o%s, are$%s#a#$% #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e Labor Arb$#er B%)$% "e#$#$o%er /$#0 o $ea )$sm$ssa b/# %o# o $e)e)/c#$o%s s/bHec# #o #6e mo)$Bca#$o% #6a# res"o%)e%#s be $mme)$a#e0 re$%s#a#e) #o #6e$r ormer"os$#$o%s w$#6o/# oss o se%$or$#0 r$6#s a%) "r$&$ees $%s#ea) o be$% "a$) se"ara#$o% "a0.

Pe#$#$o%er, re"rese%#e) b0 6$s s/r&$&$% s"o/se, For)e$a 4. Gabr$e, was #6e ow%er=o"era#or o a "/#ra%s"or# b/s$%ess, Gabr$e (ee"%e0, w$#6 a Qee# o Hee"%e0s "0$% #6e *acara%=D$&$sor$a=To%)oro/#e. Pe#$#$o%er 6a) a "oo o )r$&ers, w6$c6 $%c/)e) res"o%)e%#s, o"era#$% /%)er a bo/%)ar0s0s#em o P-- "er )a0.

T6e ac#s3 are as oows

!% No&ember 1, 199, res"o%)e%#s Be) #6e$r se"ara#e com"a$%#s or $ea )$sm$ssa, $ea)e)/c#$o%s, a%) se"ara#$o% "a0 aa$%s# "e#$#$o%er w$#6 #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o%<NLRC>. T6ese were co%so$)a#e) a%) )oce#e) as NLRC=NCR Case No. --=11=-72-=9.

!% December 1, 199, #6e com"a$%# was ame%)e), $m"ea)$% as "ar#0 res"o%)e%# #6e *acoor

Tra%s"or# Ser&$ce Coo"era#$&e, I%c., as bo#6 "ar#$es are members o #6e coo"era#$&e.

Res"o%)e%#s aee) #6e oow$%

1> T6a# #6e0 were re/ar )r$&ers o Gabr$e (ee"%e0, )r$&$% #6e$r res"ec#$&e /%$#s bear$% PaNos. P'; 3, N 1, a%) N;; 7, /%)er a bo/%)ar0 s0s#em o P-- "er )a0, "0$%*acara% #o D$&$sor$a &$a To%)o, a%) &$ce &ersa, s$%ce December 199-, No&ember 198 a%)No&ember 1991, res"ec#$&e0, /" #o A"r$ 3-, 199, )r$&$% B&e )a0s a wee, w$#6 a&erae )ear%$%s o P--M

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!% Se"#ember 18, 199, sa$) Labor Arb$#er $%6$b$#e) 6$mse rom /r#6er 6a%)$% #6e case )/e #o"erso%a reaso%s.

!% No&ember 8, 199, Labor Arb$#er R$car)o C. Nora, #o w6om #6e case was re=rae), or)ere) #6e"ar#$es #o Be #6e$r res"ec#$&e memora%)a w$#6$% #e% )a0s, a#er w6$c6 #6e case was )eeme) s/bm$#or reso/#$o%.

!% +arc6 17, 1997, #6e Labor Arb$#er <'o%. R$car)o C. Nora> 6a%)e) )ow% 6$s )ec$s$o%, #6e )$s"os$#"or#$o% o w6$c6 $s wor)e) as oows

;'EREF!RE, "rem$ses co%s$)ere), H/)me%# $s 6ereb0 re%)ere) )ecar$% #6e $ea$#0 ores"o%)e%#s? )$sm$ssa a%) or)er$% "e#$#$o%er? +ee%c$o Gabr$e #o "a0 #6e res"o%)e%#s? #6e #o#amo/%# o !NE +ILLI!N T'IRT5 F!R T'!SAND PES!S P1,-3,---,? re"rese%#$% res"o%)e%#s?bacwaes a%) se"ara#$o% "a0 as oows

1. Neso% *$o%

*acwaes P 28,8--

Se"ara#$o% Pa0 2,-- P 321,2--

2. A%e *ra$

*acwaes P 29,8--

Se"ara#$o% Pa0 9,8-- 391,--

3. Er%es#o Paa0a0

*acwaes P 29,8--

Se"ara#$o% Pa0 2,-- 321,2--

P 1,-3,---

Pe#$#$o%er? +ee%c$o Gabr$e $s $ew$se or)ere) #o "a0 a##or%e0s ees e/$&ae%# #o B&e "erce%# <o #6e H/)me%# awar) or #6e amo/%# o P1,7-- w$#6$% #e% <1-> )a0s rom rece$"# o #6$s Dec$s$o%.

A o#6er $ss/es are )$sm$sse) or ac o mer$#.

S! !RDERED.

I%c$)e%#a0, o% A"r$ , 1997, "e#$#$o%er "asse) awa0. !% A"r$ 18, 1997, a co"0 o #6e abo&e )ec$s$owas )e$&ere) "erso%a0 #o "e#$#$o%ers 6o/se. Accor)$% #o res"o%)e%#s, "e#$#$o%ers s/r&$&$% s"o/For)e$a Gabr$e, a%) #6e$r )a/6#er, a#er rea)$% #6e co%#e%#s o #6e )ec$s$o% a%) a#er #6e0 6a)s"oe% #o #6e$r co/%se, re/se) #o rece$&e #6e same. Ne&er#6eess, *a$$K Are)o 4. Es#o%ac#oc e# co"0 o #6e )ec$s$o% w$#6 "e#$#$o%ers w$e a%) 6er )a/6#er b/# #6e0 bo#6 re/se) #o s$% a%)

ac%owe)e rece$"# o #6e )ec$s$o%.7

T6e abor arb$#ers )ec$s$o% was s/bse/e%#0 ser&e) b0 re$s#ere) ma$ a# "e#$#$o%ers res$)e%ce a%#6e same was rece$&e) o% +a0 28, 1997.

!% +a0 1, 1997, co/%se or "e#$#$o%er Be) a% e%#r0 o a""eara%ce w$#6 mo#$o% #o )$sm$ss #6e casor #6e reaso% #6a# "e#$#$o%er "asse) awa0 as# A"r$ , 1997.







!% (/%e , 1997, "e#$#$o%er a""eae) #6e abor arb$#ers )ec$s$o% #o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%sComm$ss$o%, F$rs# D$&$s$o%, co%#e%)$% #6a# #6e abor arb$#er erre)

1. I% 6o)$% #6a# "e#$#$o%er? Gabr$e )$sm$sse) #6e com"a$%a%#s, Arb. Nora comm$##e) aser$o/s error $% #6e B%)$%s o ac# w6$c6, $ %o# correc#e), wo/) ca/se ra&e or $rre"arabe)amae or $%H/r0 #o "e#$#$o%er? Gabr$eM

2. I% 6o)$% #6a# s#ra$%e) rea#$o%s area)0 e$s# be#wee% #6e "ar#$es, H/s#$0$% a% awar) ose"ara#$o% "a0 $% $e/ o re$%s#a#eme%#, Arb. Nora %o# o%0 comm$##e) a ser$o/s error $% #6eB%)$%s o ac#, b/# 6e aso ab/se) 6$s )$scre#$o%M

3. I% com"/#$% #6e amo/%# o bacwaes aee)0 )/e res"o%)e%#s? rom 3- A"r$ 199 #o+arc6 1997, Arb. Nora ab/se) 6$s )$scre#$o%, co%s$)er$% #6a# #6e case 6a) bee% s/bm$##e) )ec$s$o% as ear0 as 1 +arc6 199 a%) #6a# #6e same s6o/) 6a&e bee% )ec$)e) as ear0 as 3+arc6 199M

. I% /s$% P--.-- a%) 22 )a0s as ac#ors $% com"/#$% #6e amo/%# o bacwaes aee))/e res"o%)e%#s?, Arb. Nora ab/se) 6$s )$scre#$o% a%) comm$##e) a ser$o/s error $% #6e B%)o ac#, co%s$)er$% #6a# #6ere was %o ac#/a or e&$)e%#$ar0 bas$s #6ereorM

. I% /s$% 33. mo%#6s as ac#or $% #6e com"/#a#$o% o #6e amo/%# o bacwaes aee)0)/e res"o%)e%#s?, Arb. Nora comm$##e) a ser$o/s error $% #6e B%)$%s o ac#,? beca/se e&e$# $s ass/me) #6a# bacwaes are )/e rom 3- A"r$ 199 #o 1 +arc6 1997, #6e "er$o) be#we

#6e #wo )a#es $s o%0 22U mo%#6s, a%) %o# 33U mo%#6s as s#a#e) $% #6e a""eae) )ec$s$o%M a

. I% %o# )$sm$ss$% #6e case,? )es"$#e %o#$ce o #6e )ea#6 o "e#$#$o%er? Gabr$e beore B%a H/)me%#, Arb. Nora ab/se) 6$s )$scre#$o% a%) comm$##e) a ser$o/s error o aw.8

!% (/0 3, 1997, res"o%)e%#s Be) a mo#$o% #o )$sm$ss "e#$#$o%ers a""ea o% #6e ro/%) #6a# #6es/re#0 bo%) $s )eec#$&e a%) #6e a""ea was Be) o/# o #$me, w6$c6 mo&e was o""ose) b0"e#$#$o%er.

S/bse/e%#0, o% A"r$ 28, 1998, #6e NLRC "rom/a#e) $#s Brs# )ec$s$o%, #6e )$s"os$#$&e "or#$o% ow6$c6 rea)s

;'EREF!RE, "rem$ses co%s$)ere), #6e a""eae) )ec$s$o% $s 6ereb0 re&erse) a%) se# as$)e. T6e aboe%#$#e) case $s 6ereb0 )$sm$sse) or ac o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$".

S! !RDERED.9

Res"o%)e%#s Be) a mo#$o% or reco%s$)era#$o%. T6e0 ca$me) #6a# #6e )ec$s$o% )$) %o# )$sc/ss #6e$ss/e o #6e #$me$%ess o #6e a""ea. T6e ac o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" was me%#$o%e) $% )$s"os$#$&e "or#$o%, w6$c6 $ss/e was %o# ra$se) beore #6e abor arb$#er or )$sc/sse) $% #6e bo)0 o #6/es#$o%e) )ec$s$o%. I% &$ew o #6e $ss/es ra$se) b0 res"o%)e%#s $% #6e$r mo#$o%, #6e NLRC re%)ere) seco%) )ec$s$o% o% !c#ober 29, 1998. T6e "er#$%e%# "or#$o%s are 6ereb0 /o#e) #6/s

V I% #6e case a# bar, "e#$#$o%er? +ee%c$o Gabr$e was %o# re"rese%#e) b0 co/%se )/r$% #6e "e%)eo #6e case. A )ec$s$o% was re%)ere) b0 #6e Labor Arb$#er a 7uo o% +arc6 17, 1997 w6$e +r. Gabr$e

"asse) awa0 o% A"r$ , 1997 w$#6o/# 6a&$% rece$&e) a co"0 #6ereo )/r$% 6$s $e#$me. T6e )ec$s$owas o%0 ser&e) o% A"r$ 18, 1997 w6e% 6e was %o o%er aro/%) #o rece$&e #6e same. '$s s/r&$&$%s"o/se a%) )a/6#er ca%%o# a/#oma#$ca0 s/bs#$#/#e #6emse&es as "ar#0 res"o%)e%#s. T6/s, w6e%ba$$K #e%)ere) a co"0 o #6e )ec$s$o% #o #6em, #6e0 were %o# $% a "os$#$o% #o rece$&e #6em. T6ere/$reme%# o ea&$% a co"0 a# #6e "ar#0s res$)e%ce $s %o# a""$cabe $% #6e $%s#a%# case beca/se "res/""oses #6a# #6e "ar#0 $s s#$ $&$% a%) $s H/s# %o# a&a$abe #o rece$&e #6e )ec$s$o%.

T6e "rece)$% co%s$)ere), #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e abor arb$#er 6as %o# become B%a beca/se #6ere was"ro"er ser&$ce o co"0 #6ereo #o "e#$#$o%er? V.







%)o/b#e)0, #6$s case $s or reco&er0 o mo%e0 w6$c6 )oes %o# s/r&$&e, a%) co%s$)er$% #6a# #6e)ec$s$o% 6as %o# become B%a, #6e case s6o/) 6a&e bee% )$sm$sse) a%) #6e a""ea %o o%ere%#er#a$%e)V.

;'EREF!RE, $% &$ew o #6e oreo$%, #6e Dec$s$o% o A"r$ 28, 1998 $s se# as$)e a%) &aca#e).F/r#6ermore, #6e $%s#a%# case $s )$sm$sse) a%) com"a$%a%#s are )$rec#e) #o "/rs/e #6e$r ca$m aa$%#6e "rocee)$%s or #6e se##eme%# o #6e es#a#e o #6e )ecease) +ee%c$o Gabr$e.

S! !RDERED.1-

Ar$e&e) b0 #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e NLRC, res"o%)e%#s ee&a#e) #6e case #o #6e Co/r# o A""eas <CA> wa0 o a "e#$#$o% or certiorari. !% A//s# , 2---, #6e CA re&erse) #6e )ec$s$o%s o #6e NLRC

V

Ar#$ce 223 o #6e Labor Co)e ca#eor$ca0 ma%)a#es #6a# a% a""ea b0 #6e em"o0er ma0 be"erec#e) onl' /"o% #6e "os#$% o a cas6 bo%) or s/re#0 bo%) . I# $s be0o%) "era)&e%#/re #6e%#6a# #6e %o%=com"$a%ce w$#6 #6e abo&e conditio sine 7ua non, "/s #6e ac# #6a# #6e a""ea was Bebe0o%) #6e reeme%#ar0 "er$o), s6o/) 6a&e bee% e%o/6 reaso%s #o )$sm$ss #6e a""ea.

I% a%0 e&e%#, e&e% co%ce)$% e: "ratia #6a# s/c6 "roce)/ra $%Brm$#0 were? $%e$s#e%#, #6$s "e#$#$o%wo/) s#$ be #e%abe base) o% s/bs#a%#$&e as"ec#s.

T6e "/b$c res"o%)e%#s )ec$s$o%, )a#e) A"r$ 28, 1998, $s ere$o/s0 wro% $%soar as $# was a%c6oo% #6e abse%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$". ;e=se##e) $s #6e r/e #6a# #6e bo/%)ar0s0s#em /se) $% Hee"%e0 a%) <#a$> o"era#$o%s "res/""oses a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$"<Na#$o%a Labor %$o% &. D$%asa%, 98 P6$. 9> V.

T6e NLRC os#e%s$b0 #r$e) #o re)eem $#se b0 &aca#$% #6e )ec$s$o% A"r$ 28, 1998V. *0 so )o$%,6owe&er, $# )$) %o# ac#/a0 reso&e #6e ma##er )eB%$#$&e0. I# mere0 re$e&e) $#se o s/c6 b/r)e% b0s/es#$% #6a# #6e "e#$#$o%ers "/rs/e #6e$r ca$m aa$%s# #6e "rocee)$%s or #6e se##eme%# o #6ees#a#e o #6e )ecease) +ee%c$o Gabr$eV.

I% #6e $%s#a%# case, #6e )ec$s$o% <)a#e) +arc6 17, 1997> o #6e Labor Arb$#er became B%a a%)eec/#or0 o% acco/%# o #6e a$/re o #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# #o "erec# 6$s a""ea o% #$meV.

T6/s, we )$saree w$#6 #6e ra#$oc$%a#$o% o #6e NLRC #6a# #6e )ea#6 o #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# o% A", 1997ipso facto %ea#es reco&er0 o #6e mo%e0 ca$m aa$%s# #6e s/ccessors=$%=$%#eres# V. Ra#6er#6$s s$#/a#$o% comes w$#6$% #6e ae$s o Sec#$o% 3, R/e III o #6e NLRC +a%/a o% Eec/#$o% o

(/)me%#, w6$c6 "ro&$)es

SECTI!N 3. $:ecution in Case of 8eath of Part'. W ;6ere a "ar#0 )$es a#er #6e B%a$#0 o #6e)ec$s$o%Je%#r0 o H/)me%# o or)er, eec/#$o% #6ereo% ma0 $ss/e or o%e area)0 $ss/e) ma0 bee%orce) $% #6e oow$% cases

a> M

b> I% case o )ea#6 o #6e os$% "ar#0, aa$%s# 6$s s/ccessor=$%=$%#eres#, eec/#or or

a)m$%$s#ra#orM

c> I% case o )ea#6 o #6e os$% "ar#0 a#er eec/#$o% $s ac#/a0 e&$e) /"o% a%0 o 6$s "ro"e#6e same ma0 be so) or #6e sa#$sac#$o% #6ereo, a%) #6e s6er$K ma$% #6e sae s6a acco/#o 6$s s/ccessor=$%=$%#eres#, eec/#or or a)m$%$s#ra#or or a%0 s/r"/s $% 6$s 6a%)s.

No#w$#6s#a%)$% #6e oreo$% )$s/$s$#$o% #6o/6, ;e are %o# e%#$re0 $% accor) w$#6 #6e abor arb$#)ec$s$o% awar)$% se"ara#$o% "a0 $% a&or o #6e "e#$#$o%ers. I% #6$s rear), $# $s? wor#6 me%#$o%$%





$% Kiamco v. NLRC,11 c$#$% Globe-Mackay Cable and Radio Corp. v. NLRC,12 #6e S/"reme Co/a$Be) #6e a""$ca#$o% o #6e s#ra$%e) rea#$o%s "r$%c$"e w6e% $# 6e) ==

I $% #6e w$s)om o #6e Co/r#, #6ere ma0 be a ro/%) or ro/%)s or #6e %o%=a""$ca#$o% o #6e abo&c$#e) "ro&$s$o% <Ar#. 279, Labor Co)e> #6$s s6o/) be b0 wa0 o ece"#$o%, s/c6 as w6e% #6ere$%s#a#eme%# ma0 be $%a)m$ss$be )/e #o e%s/$% s#ra$%e) rea#$o%s be#wee% #6e em"o0er a%)em"o0ee.

I% s/c6 cases, $# s6o/) be "ro&e) #6a# #6e em"o0ee co%cer%e) occ/"$es a "os$#$o% w6ere 6e e%Ho0s#6e #r/s# a%) co%B)e%ce o 6$s em"o0er, a%) #6a# $# $s $e0 #6a# $ re$%s#a#e), a% a#mos"6ere oa%#$"a#60 a%) a%#ao%$sm ma0 be e%era#e) as #o a)&erse0 aKec# #6e ec$e%c0 a%) "ro)/c#$&$#0 o#6e em"o0ee co%cer%e) !b&$o/s0, #6e "r$%c$"e o s#ra$%e) rea#$o%s ca%%o# be a""$e)$%)$scr$m$%a#e0. !#6erw$se, re$%s#a#eme%# ca% %e&er be "oss$be s$m"0 beca/se some 6os#$$#0 $s$%&ar$ab0 e%e%)ere) be#wee% #6e "ar#$es as a res/# o $#$a#$o%. T6a# $s 6/ma% %a#/re.

*es$)es, %o s#ra$%e) rea#$o%s s6o/) ar$se rom a &a$) ea ac# o asser#$% o%es r$6#M o#6erw$se,a% em"o0ee w6o s6a asser# 6$s r$6# co/) be eas$0 se"ara#e) rom #6e ser&$ce b0 mere0 "a0$% se"ara#$o% "a0 o% #6e "re#e# #6a# 6$s rea#$o%s6$" w$#6 6$s em"o0er 6a) area)0 become s#ra$%e).

A%e%# #6e awar) o bacwaes, #6e Labor Arb$#er erre) $% com"/#$% #6e same rom #6e )a#e #6e"e#$#$o%ers were $ea0 )$sm$sse) <$.e. A"r$ 3-, 199> /" #o +arc6 1, 1997, #6a# $s #wo <2> )a0s "r#o #6e re%)$#$o% o 6$s )ec$s$o% <$.e. +arc6 17, 1997>.

V

;'EREF!RE, "rem$ses co%s$)ere), #6e "e#$#$o% $s GRANTED, 6ereb0 RE4ERSING a%) SETTING ASIDE#6e assa$e) )ec$s$o%s o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o%, )a#e) A"r$ 28, 1998 a%s !c#obe29, 1998. Co%se/e%#0, #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e Labor Arb$#er, )a#e) +arc6 17, 1997, $s 6ereb0REINSTATED, s/bHec# #o #6e +!DIFICATI!N #6a# #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# $s !RDERED #o $mme)$a#e0REINSTATE "e#$#$o%ers Neso% *$o%, A%e *ra$ a%) Er%es#o Paa0a0 #o #6e$r ormer "os$#$o% w$#6ooss o se%$or$#0 r$6#s a%) "r$&$ees, w$#6 / bacwaes rom #6e )a#e o #6e$r )$sm$ssa /%#$ #6e$rac#/a re$%s#a#eme%#. Cos#s aa$%s# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#.

S! !RDERED.13

Pe#$#$o%er Be) a mo#$o% or reco%s$)era#$o% b/# #6e same was )e%$e) b0 #6e CA $% a reso/#$o% )a#e

Febr/ar0 7, 2--1.

'e%ce, #6$s "e#$#$o% ra$s$% #6e oow$% $ss/es1

I

T'E C!RT !F APPEALS ERRED IN FINDING T'AT PETITI!NERS APPEAL T! T'E NATI!NAL LA*!RRELATI!NS C!++ISSI!N ;AS FILED !T !F TI+E.

II

T'E C!RT !F APPEALS ERRED IN '!LDING T'AT T'E ALLEGED DEFECTS IN PETITI!NERS APPEAL

*!ND ;ERE !F SC' GRA4IT5 AS T! PRE4ENT T'E APPEAL FR!+ *EING PERFECTED.

III

T'E C!RT !F APPEALS ERRED IN GRANTING RESP!NDENTS PETITI!N F!R CERTI!RARI DESPITE TFACT T'AT T'E SA+E ASSAILED A DECISI!N ;'IC' 'AD *EEN 4ACATED IN FA4!R !F A NE; !NE;'IC', IN TRN, 'AS S!LID LEGAL *ASIS.












I4

T'E C!RT !F APPEALS ERRED IN APPL5ING SECTI!N 3, RLE III, !F T'E +ANAL !N EECTI!N ! (DG+ENT !F T'E NATI!NAL LA*!R RELATI!NS C!++ISSI!N ;'IC', *5 ITS !;N EPRESS TER+SN!T APPLICA*LE.

A reso/#$o% o #6e case re/$res a br$e )$sc/ss$o% o #wo $ss/es w6$c6 #o/c6 /"o% #6e "roce)/ra a%s/bs#a%#$a as"ec#s o #6e case #6/s a> w6e#6er "e#$#$o%ers a""ea was Be) o/# o #$meM a%) b>w6e#6er #6e ca$m s/r&$&es.

As rear)s #6e Brs# $ss/e, #6e Co/r# co%s$)ers #6e ser&$ce o co"0 o #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e abor arb$#er6a&e bee% &a$)0 ma)e o% +a0 28, 1997 w6e% $# was rece$&e) #6ro/6 re$s#ere) ma$. As correc#0"o$%#e) o/# b0 "e#$#$o%ers w$e, ser&$ce o a co"0 o #6e )ec$s$o% co/) %o# 6a&e bee% &a$)0 eKec#eo% A"r$ 18, 1997 beca/se "e#$#$o%er "asse) awa0 o% A"r$ , 1997.

Sec#$o% , R/e III o #6e New R/es o Proce)/re o #6e NLRC "ro&$)es

SEC. . Se(ice o9 Notices *n+ Reso:1tions. W <a> No#$ces or s/mmo%s a%) co"$es o or)ers,reso/#$o%s or )ec$s$o%s s6a be ser&e) o% #6e "ar#$es #o #6e case "erso%a0 b0 #6e ba$$K or a/#6or"/b$c ocer w$#6$% #6ree <3> )a0s rom rece$"# #6ereo or b0 re$s#ere) ma$M Pro&$)e), T6a# w6ere a"ar#0 $s re"rese%#e) b0 co/%se or a/#6or$e) re"rese%#a#$&e, ser&$ce s6a be ma)e o% s/c6 co/%sea/#6or$e) re"rese%#a#$&eM Pro&$)e) /r#6er, T6a# $% cases o )ec$s$o% a%) B%a awar)s, co"$es #6eres6a be ser&e) o% bo#6 "ar#$es a%) #6e$r co/%se V.

For #6e "/r"ose o com"/#$% #6e "er$o) o a""ea, #6e same s6a be co/%#e) rom rece$"# o s/c6)ec$s$o%s, awar)s or or)ers b0 #6e co/%se o recor).

<b> T6e ba$$K or ocer "erso%a0 ser&$% #6e %o#$ce, or)er, reso/#$o% or )ec$s$o% s6a s/bm$# 6$sre#/r% w$#6$% #wo <2> )a0s rom )a#e o ser&$ce #6ereo, s#a#$% e$b0 $% 6$s re#/r%, 6$s %ame, #6e%ames o #6e "erso%s ser&e) a%) #6e )a#e o rece$"# w6$c6 re#/r% s6a be $mme)$a#e0 a##ac6e) a%)s6a orm "ar# o #6e recor)s o #6e case. I %o ser&$ce was eKec#e), #6e ser&$% ocer s6a s#a#e #6reaso% #6ereore $% #6e re#/r%.

Sec#$o% , R/e 13 o #6e R/es o Co/r# w6$c6 $s s/""e#or0 #o #6e NLRC R/es o Proce)/re s#a#es #6s?er&$ce o #6e "a"ers ma0 be ma)e b0 )e$&er$% "erso%a0 a co"0 #o #6e "ar#0 or 6$s co/%se, orea&$% $# $% 6$s oce w$#6 6$s cer or w$#6 a "erso% 6a&$% c6are #6ereo. I %o "erso% $s o/%) $% 6

oce, or 6$s oce $s %o# %ow%, or 6e 6as %o oce, #6e% b0 ea&$% #6e co"0, be#wee% #6e 6o/rs oe$6# $% #6e mor%$% a%) s$ $% #6e e&e%$%, a# #6e "ar#0s or co/%ses res$)e%ce, $ %ow%, w$#6 a"erso% o s/c$e%# ae a%) )$scre#$o% #6e% res$)$% #6ere$%.

T6e oreo$% "ro&$s$o%s co%#em"a#e a s$#/a#$o% w6ere$% #6e "ar#0 #o #6e ac#$o% $s a$&e /"o% #6e)e$&er0 o a co"0 o #6e #r$b/%as )ec$s$o%. I% #6e "rese%# case, 6owe&er, "e#$#$o%er )$e) beore a coo #6e abor arb$#ers )ec$s$o% was ser&e) /"o% 6$m. 'e%ce, #6e abo&e "ro&$s$o%s )o %o# a""0. As a"s#a#e) b0 #6e NLRC

V I% #6e case a# bar, res"o%)e%# +ee%c$o Gabr$e was %o# re"rese%#e) b0 co/%se )/r$% #6e "e%)eo #6e case. A )ec$s$o% was re%)ere) b0 #6e Labor Arb$#er a 7uo o% +arc6 17, 1997 w6$e +r. Gabr$e"asse) awa0 o% A"r$ , 1997, w$#6o/# 6a&$% rece$&e) a co"0 #6ereo )/r$% 6$s $e#$me. T6e )ec$s$

was o%0 ser&e) o% A"r$ 18, 1997 w6e% 6e was %o o%er aro/%) #o rece$&e #6e same. '$s s/r&$&$%s"o/se a%) )a/6#er ca%%o# a/#oma#$ca0 s/bs#$#/#e #6emse&es as "ar#0 res"o%)e%#s. T6/s, w6e%ba$$K #e%)ere) a co"0 o #6e )ec$s$o% #o #6em, #6e0 were %o# $% a "os$#$o% #o rece$&e #6em. T6ere/$reme%# o ea&$% a co"0 a# #6e "ar#0s res$)e%ce $s %o# a""$cabe $% #6e $%s#a%# case beca/se "res/""oses #6a# #6e "ar#0 $s s#$ $&$% a%) $s %o# H/s# a&a$abe #o rece$&e #6e )ec$s$o%.

T6e "rece)$% co%s$)ere), #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e Labor Arb$#er 6as %o# become B%a beca/se #6ere was"ro"er ser&$ce o co"0 #6ereo #o "ar#0 res"o%)e%#V.1







ow%ersJo"era#ors a%) Hee"%e0 )r$&ers, #6e ormer eerc$ses s/"er&$s$o% a%) co%#ro o&er #6e a##er. Tac# #6a# #6e )r$&ers )o %o# rece$&e Be) waes b/# e# o%0 #6a# $% ecess o #6e so=cae) bo/%)a#6a#? #6e0 "a0 #o #6e ow%erJo"era#or $s %o# s/c$e%# #o w$#6)raw #6e rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6em ro#6a# o em"o0er a%) em"o0ee. T6/s, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s were em"o0ees V beca/se #6e0 6a) bee%ae) #o "erorm ac#$&$#$es w6$c6 were /s/a0 %ecessar0 or )es$rabe $% #6e /s/a b/s$%ess or #rao #6e em"o0er.19

T6e same "r$%c$"e was re$#era#e) $% #6e case o Pa"uio &ransport Corporation v. 9!C.2-

T6e Co/r# aso arees w$#6 #6e abor arb$#er a%) #6e CA #6a# res"o%)e%#s were $ea0 )$sm$sse) b0"e#$#$o%er. Res"o%)e%#s were %o# accor)e) )/e "rocess.21 +oreo&er, "e#$#$o%er a$e) #o s6ow #6a# #6ca/se or #erm$%a#$o% as /%)er a%0 o #6e ro/%)s e%/mera#e) $% Ar#$ce 282

<#6e% Ar#$ce 283>22 o #6e Labor Co)e.23 Co%se/e%#0, res"o%)e%#s are e%#$#e) #o re$%s#a#eme%#w$#6o/# oss o se%$or$#0 r$6#s a%) o#6er "r$&$ees a%) #o #6e$r / bacwaes com"/#e) rom #6e )o )$sm$ssa /" #o #6e #$me o #6e$r ac#/a re$%s#a#eme%# $% accor)a%ce w$#6 Ar#$ce 279 o #6e LaborCo)e.

Re$%s#a#eme%# $s ob#a$%abe $% #6$s case beca/se $# 6as %o# bee% s6ow% #6a# #6ere $s a% e%s/$%s#ra$%e) rea#$o%s be#wee% "e#$#$o%er a%) res"o%)e%#s. T6$s $s "/rs/a%# #o #6e "r$%c$"e a$) )ow%$% Glo+e-Mac;a' Ca+le and !adio Corporation v. 9!C2 as /o#e) ear$er $% #6e CA )ec$s$o%.

;$#6 rear) #o res"o%)e%#s mo%e#ar0 ca$m, #6e same s6a be o&er%e) b0 Sec#$o% 2- <#6e% Sec#$o

21>, R/e 3 o #6e R/es o Co/r# w6$c6 "ro&$)es3a5phi3.net

SEC. 2-. Action on contractual one' clais. W ;6e% #6e ac#$o% $s or reco&er0 o mo%e0 ar$s$% roco%#rac#, e"ress or $m"$e), a%) #6e )ee%)a%# )$es beore e%#r0 o B%a H/)me%# $% #6e co/r# $%w6$c6 #6e ac#$o% was "e%)$% a# #6e #$me o s/c6 )ea#6, $# s6a %o# be )$sm$sse) b/# s6a $%s#ea) baowe) #o co%#$%/e /%#$ e%#r0 o B%a H/)me%#. A a&orabe H/)me%# ob#a$%e) b0 #6e "a$%#$K #6ers6a be e%orce) $% #6e ma%%er "ro&$)e) $% #6ese R/es or "rosec/#$% ca$ms aa$%s# #6e es#a#e o )ecease) "erso%. <21a>

I% rea#$o% #o #6$s, Sec#$o% , R/e 8 o #6e R/es o Co/r# s#a#es

SEC. . Ca$ms w6$c6 m/s# be Be) /%)er #6e %o#$ce. I %o# Be), barre) M ece"#$o%s. W A ca$ms ormo%e0 aa$%s# #6e )ece)e%# ar$s$% rom co%#rac#, e"ress or $m"$e), w6e#6er #6e same be )/e, %o

)/e, or co%#$%e%#, ... a%) H/)me%# or mo%e0 aa$%s# #6e )ece)e%#, m/s# be Be) w$#6$% #6e #$me$m$#e) $% #6e %o#$ceM o#6erw$se #6e0 are barre) ore&er, ece"# #6a# #6e0 ma0 be se# or#6 asco/%#erca$ms $% a%0 ac#$o% #6a# #6e eec/#or or a)m$%$s#ra#or ma0 br$% aa$%s# #6e ca$ma%#sV.

T6/s, $% accor)a%ce w$#6 #6e abo&e R/es, #6e mo%e0 ca$ms o res"o%)e%#s m/s# be Be) aa$%s# #6es#a#e o "e#$#$o%er +ee%c$o Gabr$e.2

;'EREF!RE, #6e "e#$#$o% $s DENIED. T6e Dec$s$o% a%) Reso/#$o% o #6e Co/r# o A""eas )a#e) A/, 2--- a%) Febr/ar0 7, 2--1, res"ec#$&e0, $% CA=G.R. SP No. 2--1 are AFFIR+ED b/# w$#6 #6e+!DIFICATI!N #6a# #6e mo%e0 ca$ms o res"o%)e%#s s6o/) be Be) aa$%s# #6e es#a#e o +ee%c$oGabr$e, w$#6$% s/c6 reaso%abe #$me rom #6e B%a$#0 o #6$s Dec$s$o% as #6e es#a#e co/r# ma0 B.

No cos#s.

S! !RDERED.

ADOL%O S. A5C&NAAssoc$a#e (/s#$ce

;E CONC&R


















REYNATO S. P&NOC6a$r"erso%C6$e (/s#$ce

ANGELINA SANDO4AL-G&TIERRE5Assoc$a#e (/s#$ce

RENATO C. CORONAAsscoc$a#e (/s#$ce

CANCIO C. GARCIAAssoc$a#e (/s#$ce

C E R T I % I C A T I O N

P/rs/a%# #o Sec#$o% 13, Ar#$ce 4III o #6e Co%s#$#/#$o%, $# $s 6ereb0 cer#$Be) #6a# #6e co%c/s$o%s $% #6abo&e Dec$s$o% 6a) bee% reac6e) $% co%s/#a#$o% beore #6e case was ass$%e) #o #6e wr$#er o #6eo"$%$o% o #6e Co/r#s D$&$s$o%.

REYNATO S. P&NOC6$e (/s#$ce



G.R. No. 7!0$ Decembe !$# "$8

MAMERTO S. ,ESA# +oin b1siness 1n+e t<e n*me *n+ st2:e o9 ,ESA=S C&STOM,&ILT

SHOES#'etitione#

(s.

THE HONORA,LE CRESENCIANO ,. TRA)ANO# DIRECTOR O% THE ,&REA& O% LA,OR RELATIONS#

MINISTRY O% LA,OR AND EMPLOYMENT# AND >AISAHAN NG MANGGAGA;ANG PILIPINO ?>AMPIL-

>ATIP&NAN@# es'on+ents.

8e Asis and Hernando 9a5 /ce for petitioner.

$ste+al M. Mendo1a for private respondent.

PARAS# J.:

T6$s "e#$#$o% /es#$o%s #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e D$rec#or o #6e */rea/ o Labor Rea#$o%s $% *LR Case No.

8=1=8, w6$c6 arme) #6e a""eae) or)er o #6e +e)=Arb$#er, Labor Rea#$o%s D$&$s$o%, NCR $% NC

LRD=+=1=-=8, a cer#$Bca#$o% eec#$o% case. +ore s"ec$Bca0, "e#$#$o%er sees #6e reso/#$o% o #6

/es#$o% as #o w6e#6er or %o# a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" e$s#s be#wee% 6ere$% "e#$#$o%er a

#6e se&e%#ee% <17> s6oes6$%ers=members o #6e res"o%)e%# /%$o%, w6o, $ #6e rea#$o%s6$" )oes e$

s6o/) be e%#$#e) #o #6e r$6#s, "r$&$ees a%) be%eB#s o a% em"o0ee as "ro&$)e) $% #6e Labor Co)

Some#$me $% (a%/ar0, 198, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# :a$sa6a% % +a%aawa% P$$"$%o :A+PIL or s6or#

e$#$ma#e abor /%$o% )/0 re$s#ere) w$#6 #6e +$%$s#r0 o Labor a%) Em"o0me%# <+!LE, or s6or#>,

Be) a Pe#$#$o% or Cer#$Bca#$o% Eec#$o%, )oce#e) as NCR=LRD=+=1=-=8 $% #6e Na#$o%a Labor

Rea#$o%s D$&$s$o% o #6e Na#$o%a Ca"$#a Re$o%. Pe#$#$o%er o""ose) $# ae$% #6a# O

1. T6ere $s %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% *esas a%) #6e "e#$#$o%ers=s$%a#or$e

#6e "e#$#$o%M

2. T6e s/bHec# o #6e "rese%# "e#$#$o% 6a) "re&$o/s0 bee% )ec$)e) b0 #6e )e/%c# Co/r# o

I%)/s#r$a Rea#$o%s, a%) $s #6ereore barre) /%)er #6e "r$%c$"e o res H/)$ca#aM

3. T6e "e#$#$o% a$s #o com"0 w$#6 #6e ma%)a#or0 orma re/$reme%#s /%)er Sec. 2, *oo 4#6e !m%$b/s R/es Im"eme%#$% #6e Labor Co)eM a%)

. T6$s 'o%. Comm$ss$o% 6as %o H/r$s)$c#$o% o&er #6e s/bHec# ma##er a%) "ar#$es #o #6e "e#$#$o

Ac#$% o% #6e Pe#$#$o%, #6e !""os$#$o% #6ere#o, a%) #6e Re"0 #o #6e !""os$#$o%, #6e +e)=Arb$#er o% (

27, 198, $ss/e) a% or)er )ecar$% #6a# #6ere was a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6e

"ar#$es a%) )$rec#e) #6a# a% eec#$o% be co%)/c#e).

Pe#$#$o%er a""eae) #6e or)er #o #6e D$rec#or o *LR c$#$% amo% o#6ers #6e oow$% reaso%s O

1. T6a# #6e s/bHec# o #6e "rese%# "e#$#$o% 6as "re&$o/s0 bee% )ec$)e) b0 #6e )e/%c# Co/r# I%)/s#r$a Rea#$o%s, a%) $s #6ereore barre) /%)er #6e "r$%c$"e o res H/)$ca#a <CIR Case Nos.

2783, 271 a%) 299 LP December 21, 19>M

2. T6a# o% +a0 28, 198, D$rec#or Se&ero P/ca% o #6e +$%$s#r0 o Labor a%) Em"o0me%#, $%

)$sm$ss$% #6e case or /%)er"a0me%# o comm$ss$o%s a%) %o%="a0me%# o EC!LA, Be) b0 #

s6oes6$%ers aa$%s# *esas C/s#omb/$# S6oes, or ac o H/r$s)$c#$o% "e#$#$o%, )ecare) #6a#



#6ere was %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6e s6oes6$%ers a%) "e#$#$o%er *esas

<!r)er $% NCR=LSED1=-2-=8>M

D$rec#or P/ca%s B%)$%s were base) o% a e##er=o"$%$o% o #6e D$rec#or o #6e */rea/ o ;or

Co%)$#$o%s o #6e +!LE <A%%e *=2, Pe#$#$o% or Cer#$orar$>. T6e ea ro/%) #6ere$% c$#e)

was res *udicata.

A""ea was )$sm$sse) b0 #6e D$rec#or o *LR as co%#a$%e) $% 6$s )ec$s$o% )a#e) Se"#. 27, 198

/"6o)$% #6e B%)$% o #6e +e)=Arb$#er #6a# s/"er&$sors were a""o$%#e) #o o&ersee #6e boo#bacs

"erorma%ce. I# )ecare) #6a# s/c6 $s a B%)$% o ac# #6a# $s e%#$#e) #o res"ec# a%) #6a# res

*udicata )oes %o# 6e as #6e "ar#$es a%) #6e ca/ses o ac#$o% $% #6e cer#$Bca#$o% eec#$o% case are

)$Kere%# rom #6e "ar#$es a%) ca/ses o ac#$o% $% CIR Cases Nos. 2783=LP 271=LP a%) 299 LP

T6/s #6e Pe#$#$o% o #6e %$o% <:A+PIL> beore #6e +e)=Arb$#er or #6e 6o)$% o #6e cer#$Bca#$o%

eec#$o% was ra%#e). ;6$e #6e "re=eec#$o% co%ere%ce was $% "roress, "e#$#$o%er 6ere$% *ESAS Be

w$#6 s w$#6 "e#$#$o% or cer#$orar$ w$#6 Pro6$b$#$o% a%) s$m/#a%eo/s0 Be) w$#6 #6e +e)=Arb$#er a

mo#$o% #o s/s"e%) #6e "re=eec#$o% co%ere%ce. T6e "e#$#$o% Be) beore s was )$sm$sse) or ac o

mer$# b/# was reco%s$)ere) /"o% +o#$o% o "e#$#$o%er. I% $#s +o#$o% or Reco%s$)era#$o%, "e#$#$o%er

ra$se) #6e oow$% ro/%)s

I

T'E INSTANT PETITI!N PRESENTS XESTI!NS !F LA; AND S*STANCE T! +ERIT T'E

C!NSIDERATI!N !F T'IS '!N!RA*LE C!RT.

II

T'E XESTI!NED DECISI!N !F T'E RESP!NDENT DIRECT!R ;AS N!T SPP!RTED *5

S*STANTIAL E4IDENCE AND T'E SA+E IS PREL5 *ASED !N SPECLATI!NS, SR+ISES AND

C!N(ECTRES.

III

T'E XESTI!NED DECISI!N !F T'E RESP!NDENT DIRECT!R IS C!NTRAR5 T! LA; AND

APPLICA*LE DECI SI!NS !F T'E SPRE+E C!RT !N T'E +ATTER.

I4

T'E PETITI!N F!R CERTIFICATI!N ELECTI!N FILED *5 RESP!NDENT NI!N ;IT' T'E +INIST

!F LA*!R AND E+PL!5+ENT FAILED T! C!+PL5 ;IT' T'E +ANDAT!R5 REXIRE+ENTS N

ARTICLE 28 !F T'E LA*!R C!DE, AS A+ENDED, AND ITS I+PLE+ENTING RLES.

4

T'E RESP!NDENT DIRECT!R ACTED ;IT' GRA4E A*SE !F DISCRETI!N A+!NTING T! LA

!F (RISDICTI!N IN DECIDING T'AT T'ERE EISTS AN E+PL!5ER=E+PL!5EE RELATI!NS'IP

*ET;EEN T'E PETITI!NER AND T'E S'!ES'INER=+E+*ERS !F T'E RESP!NDENT NI!N,

4I



T'E RESP!NDENT DIRECT!R ACTED ;IT'!T (RISDICTI!N IN TA:ING C!GNIANCE !F T'

*ASIC PETITI!N C!NSIDERING T'AT T'E S*(ECT +ATTER AND T'E PARTIES T'ERE!F 'A4E

*EEN DECIDED *5 T'E DEFNCT C!RT !F INDSTRIAL RELATI!NS AND IS T'EREF!RE

*A*RED *5 T'E PRINCIPLE !F RES AD(DICATA.

T6e ma$% #6r/s# o #6e $%s#a%# "e#$#$o% $s #6e /es#$o% o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee%

"e#$#$o%er *ESAS a%) 17 o #6e members o #6e 6ere$% res"o%)e%# %$o% w6o are )es$%a#e) as

s6oes6$%ers. D/r$% #6e cer#$Bca#$o% eec#$o% 6e) o% No&. 2, 198 a# *ESAS o #6e 3 e$$be &o#e

9 cas# #6e$r &o#es. 33 &o#e) or #6e /%$o% w6$e 1 &o#e) or %o /%$o%. Amo% #6e 33 &o#ers w6o o"

or a /%$o% 17 "erso%s are s6oes6$%ers w6$e 1 "erso%s are %o%=s6oes6$%ers.

T6e /es#$o% o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" became a "r$mo)$a co%s$)era#$o% $% reso&$% w6e

or %o# #6e s/bHec# s6oes6$%ers 6a&e #6e H/r$)$ca "erso%a$#0 a%) s#a%)$% #o "rese%# a "e#$#$o% or

cer#$Bca#$o% eec#$o% as we as #o &o#e $ #6ere$%. I# $s #6e "os$#$o% o "e#$#$o%er #6a# $ #6e s6oes6$%er

are %o# co%s$)ere) as em"o0ees o *esas #6e bas$c "e#$#$o% or cer#$Bca#$o% eec#$o% m/s# %ecessa

be )$sm$sse) or a$/re #o com"0 w$#6 #6e ma%)a#or0 re/$reme%#s o #6e Labor Co)e, as ame%)e)

#6a# a# eas# #6$r#0 <3-> "erce%# o #6e em"o0ees m/s# s/""or# #6e "e#$#$o% or cer#$Bca#$o% eec#$o

a%) #6a# $% or)er #o be cer#$Be) as #6e soe a%) ec/s$&e bara$%$% ae%#, #6e /%$o% m/s# be ob#a$

a maHor$#0 o #6e &a$) &o#es cas# b0 e$$be &o#ers. I% #6e $%s#a%# case, $ #6e 17 s6oes6$%ers are

)ecare) $%e$$be a%) #6e$r &o#es are co%se/e%#0 %/$Be) #6e res/# o #6e cer#$Bca#$o% eec#$o%

wo/) be 1 5es &o#es <33 m$%/s 17> a%) 1 No &o#es, w6$c6 $s a #$e. S$%ce #6e res"o%)e%# /%$o%

)$) %o# ob#a$% a cear maHor$#0 or #6e 5es &o#es as re/$re) /%)er R/e I4 Sec. 8<> o #6e !m%$b/sR/es o #6e Labor Co)e, $# %ecessar$0 oows #6a# #6e res"o%)e%# /%$o% ca%%o# be cer#$Be) as #6e s

a%) ec/s$&e bara$%$% ae%# o #6e worers o *esas.

T6e "rese%# "e#$#$o% mer$#s !/r co%s$)era#$o%. T6e recor)s o #6e case re&ea #6a# a% em"o0er=

em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" )oes not e$s# be#wee% #6e 17 s6oes6$%ers a%) "e#$#$o%er.

*e $# %o#e) #6a# #6e )e/%c# CIR $% )$sm$ss$% #6e cases or /%a$r abor "rac#$ce Be) b0 #6e

s6oes6$%ers aa$%s# 6ere$% "e#$#$o%er *ESA )ecare) $% $#s Dec$s$o% )a#e) December 21, 19 #6a#

T6e s6oe s6$%er $s )$s#$%c# rom a "$ece worer beca/se w6$e #6e a##er $s "a$) or wor

accom"$s6e), 6e )oes %o#, 6owe&er, co%#r$b/#e a%0#6$% #o #6e ca"$#a o #6e em"o0er o#6e#6a% 6$s ser&$ce. I# $s #6e em"o0er o #6e "$ece worer w6o "a0s 6$s waes, w6$e #6e s6oe

s6$%er $% #6$s $%s#a%ce $s "a$) )$rec#0 b0 6$s c/s#omer. T6e "$ece worer $s "a$) or wor

accom"$s6e) w$#6o/# rear) or co%cer% #o #6e "roB# as )er$&e) b0 6$s em"o0er, b/# $% #6e c

o #6e s6oe s6$%ers, #6e "rocee)s )er$&e) rom #6e #ra)e are awa0s )$&$)e) s6are a%) s6are

a$e w$#6 res"o%)e%# *ESA. T6e s6oe s6$%er ca% #ae 6$s s6are o #6e "rocee)s e&er0)a0 $ 6

wa%#e) #o or wee0 as $s #6e "rac#$ce o *esas T6e em"o0er o #6e "$ece worer s/"er&$

a%) co%#ros 6$s wor, b/# $% #6e case o #6e shoe shiner, respondent B$SA does not e:ercise

an' de"ree of control or supervision over their person and their 5or;. All these are not

o+tainin" in the case of a piece 5or;er as he is in fact an eplo'ee in conteplation of la5,

distinct fro the shoe shiner in this instance 5ho, in relation to respondent MAM$!& B. B$S

is a partner in the trade. Conse7uentl', eplo'er-eplo'ee relationship +et5een e+ers o

the Petitionin" union and respondent MAM$!& B. B$SA +ein" a+sent the latter could not +eheld "uilt' of the unfair ta+or practice acts iputed a"ainst hi. <". , A%%e *1 o sa$)

Dec$s$o%>.<=re>>an?@35

T6e% #oo o% Dec. 27, 1983, #6e% D$rec#or A//s#o Sa%c6e o #6e */rea/ o ;or$% Co%)$#$o%s, +!

$% res"o%se #o a e##er o "e#$#$o%er rea#$&e #o #6e $m"eme%#a#$o% o wae !r)er No. 2 w6$c6 "ro&$)

or a% $%crease bo#6 $% m$%$m/m wae a%) cos# o $&$% aowa%ce, o"$%e) as oows



E%#$#eme%# o #6e m$%$m/m re/$reme%#s o #6e aw "ar#$c/ar0 o% waes a%) aowa%ces

"res/""oses #6e e$s#e%ce o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" w6$c6 $s )e#erm$%e) b0 #6e

co%c/rre%ce o #6e oow$% co%)$#$o%s

1. r$6# #o 6$re

2. "a0me%# o waes

3. r$6# #o BreM a%)

. co%#ro a%) s/"er&$s$o%

T6e mos# $m"or#a%# co%)$#$o% #o be co%s$)ere) $s #6e eerc$se o co%#ro a%) s/"er&$s$o% o&e

#6e em"o0ees, "er o/r co%&ersa#$o%, #6e "erso%s co%cer%e) /%)er 0o/r /er0 are #6e s6oe

s6$%ers a%) base) o% #6e )ec$s$o% re%)ere) b0 Assoc$a#e (/)e Em$$a%o Tab$%e o #6e )e/%

Co/r# o I%)/s#r$a Rea#$o%s, #6ese s6oe s6$%ers are %o# em"o0ees o #6e com"a%0, b/# are

"ar#%ers $%s#ea). T6$s $s )/e #o #6e ac# #6a# #6e ow%erJma%aer )oes %o# eerc$se co%#ro a%

s/"er&$s$o% o&er #6e s6oe s6$%ers. T6a# #6e s6$%ers 6a&e #6e$r ow% c/s#omers rom w6om #6e

c6are #6e ee a%) )$&$)e #6e "rocee)s e/a0 w$#6 #6e ow%er, w6$c6 mae #6e ow%er

ca#eor$e) #6em as o% "/re0 comm$ss$o% bas$s. T6e a##e%)a%# c$rc/ms#a%ces cear0 s6ow

#6a# #6ere $s %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" e$s#$%, a%) s/c6 #6e ow%erJma%aer $s %o

aw, /%)er ob$a#$o% #o e#e%) #o #6ose o% "/re0 comm$ss$o% bas$s #6e be%eB# o ;ae !r)No. 2. 'owe&er, #6e aw )oes %o# "rec/)e #6e em"o0er $% $&$% s/c6 be%eB# #o a $#s

em"o0ees $%c/)$% #6ose w6$c6 ma0 %o# be co&ere) b0 #6e ma%)a#e o #6e aw.

<Le##er )a#e) December 27, 198 a))resse) #o "e#$#$o%er A%%e *=2, Pe#$#$o%>

T6e !ce o #6e So$c$#or Ge%era as co/%se or "/b$c res"o%)e%# arees #6a# $% #6e "rese%# case,

em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" e$s#s.

T6e S/"reme Co/r# $% #6e Rosar$o *ro#6ers case r/e) #6a#M

A bas$c ac#or /%)er0$% #6e eerc$se o r$6#s /%)er #6e Labor Co)e $s #6e s#a#/s oem"o0me%#. I# $s $m"or#a%# $% #6e )e#erm$%a#$o% o w6o s6a be $%c/)e) $% a "ro"ose)

bara$%$% /%$# beca/se $# $s sine 7ua non. T6e /%)ame%#a a%) esse%#$a co%)$#$o% #6a# a

bara$%$% /%$# be com"ose) o em"o0ees. Fa$/re #o es#ab$s6 #6$s H/r$)$ca rea#$o%s6$"

be#wee% #6e /%$o% members a%) #6e em"o0er aKec#s #6e ea$#0 o #6e /%$o% $#se. I# mea%

#6e $%e$$b$$#0 o #6e /%$o% members #o "rese%# a "e#$#$o% or cer#$Bca#$o% eec#$o% as we as

&o#e #6ere$%.

E$s#e%ce o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" $s )e#erm$%e) b0 #6e oow$% eeme%#s, %ame

a? seec#$o% a%) e%aeme%# o #6e em"o0eeM b? "a0me%# o waesM c? "owers o )$sm$ssaM

a%) )? "ower #o co%#ro #6e em"o0ees co%)/c# a#6o/6 #6e a##er $s #6e mos# $m"or#a%#

eeme%# <Rosar$o *ro#6ers I%c, &s. !"e, 131 SCRA 72, 198>

;'EREF!RE, H/)me%# $s 6ereb0 re%)ere) $&$% )/e co/rse #o #6e Pe#$#$o% a%) )ecar$% 4!ID #6e

)ec$s$o% o #6e D$rec#or o #6e */rea/ o Labor Rea#$o%s )a#e) Se"#ember 27, 198. T6e Pe#$#$o% $%

Case No. A=8=1=8 <NCR=LRD=+1=-=8> $s #6ereore 6ereb0 DIS+ISSED.

S! !RDERED.



Feria (Chairan), Fernan, Alapa', Gutierre1, #r., ##., concur.

G.R. No. 80080 No(embe "/# "$8$

INS&LAR LI%E ASS&RANCE CO.# LTD.# 'etitione#

(s.NATIONAL LA,OR RELATIONS COMMISSION *n+ MELECIO ,ASIAO# es'on+ents.

&irol % &irol for petitioner.

$no*as, 8efensor % &eodosio Ca+ado 9a5 /ces for private respondent.

NAR4ASA# J.:

!% (/0 2, 198, I%s/ar L$e Ass/ra%ce Co., L#). <6ere$%a#er s$m"0 cae) #6e Com"a%0> a%) +eec$o

*as$ao e%#ere) $%#o a co%#rac# " b0 w6$c6

1. *as$ao was a/#6or$e) #o so$c$# w$#6$% #6e P6$$""$%es a""$ca#$o%s or $%s/ra%ce

"o$c$es a%) a%%/$#$es $% accor)a%ce w$#6 #6e e$s#$% r/es a%) re/a#$o%s o #6e

Com"a%0M

2. 6e wo/) rece$&e com"e%sa#$o%, $% #6e orm o comm$ss$o%s ... as "ro&$)e) $% #6e

Sc6e)/e o Comm$ss$o%s o #6e co%#rac# #o co%s#$#/#e a "ar# o #6e co%s$)era#$o% o

<sa$)> areeme%#M a%)

3. #6e r/es $% ... <#6e Com"a%0s> Ra#e *oo a%) $#s Ae%#s +a%/a, as we as a $#s

c$rc/ars ... a%) #6ose w6$c6 ma0 rom #$me #o #$me be "rom/a#e) b0 $#, ... were ma

"ar# o sa$) co%#rac#.

T6e co%#rac# aso co%#a$%e), amo% o#6ers, "ro&$s$o%s o&er%$% #6e rea#$o%s o #6e "ar#$es, #6e )/

o #6e Ae%#, #6e ac#s "ro6$b$#e) #o 6$m, a%) #6e mo)es o #erm$%a#$o% o #6e areeme%#, vi1 .

RELATI!N ;IT' T'E C!+PAN5. T6e Ae%# s6a be ree #o eerc$se 6$s ow% H/)me%#

#o #$me, "ace a%) mea%s o so$c$#$% $%s/ra%ce. No#6$% 6ere$% co%#a$%e) s6a #6ere

be co%s#r/e) #o crea#e #6e rea#$o%s6$" o em"o0ee a%) em"o0er be#wee% #6e Ae%#



a%) #6e Com"a%0. 'owe&er, #6e Ae%# s6a obser&e a%) co%orm #o a r/es a%)

re/a#$o%s w6$c6 #6e Com"a%0 ma0 rom #$me #o #$me "rescr$be.

ILLEGAL AND NET'ICAL PRACTICES. T6e Ae%# $s "ro6$b$#e) rom $&$%, )$rec#0 or

$%)$rec#0, reba#es $% a%0 orm, or rom ma$% a%0 m$sre"rese%#a#$o% or o&er=se$%,

a%), $% e%era, rom )o$% or comm$##$% ac#s "ro6$b$#e) $% #6e Ae%#s +a%/a a%) $

c$rc/ars o #6e !ce o #6e I%s/ra%ce Comm$ss$o%er.

TER+INATI!N. T6e Com"a%0 ma0 #erm$%a#e #6e co%#rac# a# w$, w$#6o/# a%0 "re&$o/s

%o#$ce #o #6e Ae%#, or or o% acco/%# o ... <e"$c$#0 s"ec$Be) ca/ses>. ...

E$#6er "ar#0 ma0 #erm$%a#e #6$s co%#rac# b0 $&$% #o #6e o#6er %o#$ce $% wr$#$% #o #6a

eKec#. I# s6a become ipso facto ca%cee) $ #6e I%s/ra%ce Comm$ss$o%er s6o/) re&o

a Cer#$Bca#e o A/#6or$#0 "re&$o/s0 $ss/e) or s6o/) #6e Ae%# a$ #o re%ew 6$s e$s#$

Cer#$Bca#e o A/#6or$#0 /"o% $#s e"$ra#$o%. T6e Ae%# s6a %o# 6a&e a%0 r$6# #o a%0

comm$ss$o% o% re%ewa o "rem$/ms #6a# ma0 be "a$) a#er #6e #erm$%a#$o% o #6$s

areeme%# or a%0 ca/se w6a#soe&er, ece"# w6e% #6e #erm$%a#$o% $s )/e #o )$sab$$#0

)ea#6 $% $%e o ser&$ce. As #o comm$ss$o% corres"o%)$% #o a%0 baa%ce o #6e Brs# 0e

"rem$/ms rema$%$% /%"a$) a# #6e #erm$%a#$o% o #6$s areeme%#, #6e Ae%# s6a be

e%#$#e) #o $# $ #6e baa%ce o #6e Brs# 0ear "rem$/m $s "a$), ess ac#/a cos# o coec#

/%ess #6e #erm$%a#$o% $s )/e #o a &$oa#$o% o #6$s co%#rac#, $%&o&$% cr$m$%a $ab$$#0

breac6 o #r/s#.

ASSIGN+ENT. No Ass$%me%# o #6e Ae%c0 6ere$% crea#e) or o comm$ss$o%s or o#6e

com"e%sa#$o%s s6a be &a$) w$#6o/# #6e "r$or co%se%# $% wr$#$% o #6e Com"a%0. ...

Some o/r 0ears a#er, $% A"r$ 1972, #6e "ar#$es e%#ere) $%#o a%o#6er co%#rac# O a% Ae%c0 +a%ae

Co%#rac# O a%) #o $m"eme%# 6$s e%) o $# *as$ao ora%$e) a% ae%c0 or oce #o w6$c6 6e a&e #6

%ame +. *as$ao a%) Assoc$a#es, w6$e co%c/rre%#0 /B$% 6$s comm$#me%#s /%)er #6e Brs# co%#rac

w$#6 #6e Com"a%0. !

I% +a0, 1979, #6e Com"a%0 #erm$%a#e) #6e Ae%c0 +a%aers Co%#rac#. A#er &a$%0 see$% a

reco%s$)era#$o%, *as$ao s/e) #6e Com"a%0 $% a c$&$ ac#$o% a%) #6$s, 6e was a#er #o ca$m, "rom"#e)#6e a##er #o #erm$%a#e aso 6$s e%aeme%# /%)er #6e Brs# co%#rac# a%) #o s#o" "a0me%# o 6$s

comm$ss$o%s s#ar#$% A"r$ 1, 198-. 3

*as$ao #6erea#er Be) w$#6 #6e #6e% +$%$s#r0 o Labor a com"a$%# 0 aa$%s# #6e Com"a%0 a%) $#s

"res$)e%#. ;$#6o/# co%#es#$% #6e #erm$%a#$o% o #6e Brs# co%#rac#, #6e com"a$%# so/6# #o reco&er

comm$ss$o%s aee)0 /%"a$) #6ere/%)er, "/s a##or%e0s ees. T6e res"o%)e%#s )$s"/#e) #6e +$%$s#

H/r$s)$c#$o% o&er *as$aos ca$m, asser#$% #6a# 6e was %o# #6e Com"a%0s em"o0ee, b/# a%

$%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or a%) #6a# #6e Com"a%0 6a) %o ob$a#$o% #o 6$m or /%"a$) comm$ss$o%s /%)

#6e #erms a%) co%)$#$o%s o 6$s co%#rac#. /

T6e Labor Arb$#er #o w6om #6e case was ass$%e) o/%) or *as$ao. 'e r/e) #6a# #6e /%)erwr$#$%

areeme%# 6a) es#ab$s6e) a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% 6$m a%) #6e Com"a%0, a%)

#6$s co%erre) H/r$s)$c#$o% o% #6e +$%$s#r0 o Labor #o a)H/)$ca#e 6$s ca$m. Sa$) oc$as )ec$s$o%

)$rec#e) "a0me%# o 6$s /%"a$) comm$ss$o%s ... e/$&ae%# #o #6e baa%ce o #6e Brs# 0ears "rem$/

rema$%$% /%"a$), a# #6e #$me o 6$s #erm$%a#$o%, o a #6e $%s/ra%ce "o$c$es so$c$#e) b0 ... <6$m> $%

a&or o #6e res"o%)e%# com"a%0 ... "/s 1- a##or%e0s ees.



T6$s )ec$s$o% was, o% a""ea b0 #6e Com"a%0, arme) b0 #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s

Comm$ss$o%. 7 'e%ce, #6e "rese%# "e#$#$o% or certiorari a%) "ro6$b$#$o%.

T6e c6$e $ss/e 6ere $s o%e o H/r$s)$c#$o% w6e#6er, as *as$ao asser#s, 6e 6a) become #6e Com"a%0

em"o0ee b0 &$r#/e o #6e co%#rac# $%&oe) b0 6$m, #6ereb0 "ac$% 6$s ca$m or /%"a$) comm$ss$o%

w$#6$% #6e or$$%a a%) ec/s$&e H/r$s)$c#$o% o #6e Labor Arb$#er /%)er #6e "ro&$s$o%s o Sec#$o% 217

#6e Labor Co)e, 8 or, co%#rar$0, as #6e Com"a%0 wo/) 6a&e $#, #6a# /%)er sa$) co%#rac# *as$aos s#a

was #6a# o a% $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or w6ose ca$m was #6/s co%$abe, %o# b0 #6e Labor Arb$#er $%

abor case, b/# b0 #6e re/ar co/r#s $% a% or)$%ar0 c$&$ ac#$o%.

T6e Com"a%0s #6es$s, #6a# %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o% $% #6e ea a%) e%era0 acce"#e) se%s

e$s#e) be#wee% $# a%) *as$ao, $s )raw% rom #6e #erms o #6e co%#rac# #6e0 6a) e%#ere) $%#o, w6$c6

e$#6er e"ress0 or b0 %ecessar0 $m"$ca#$o%, ma)e *as$ao #6e mas#er o 6$s ow% #$me a%) se$%

me#6o)s, e# #o 6$s H/)me%# #6e #$me, "ace a%) mea%s o so$c$#$% $%s/ra%ce, se# %o accom"$s6m

/o#as a%) com"e%sa#e) 6$m o% #6e bas$s o res/#s ob#a$%e). 'e was %o# bo/%) #o obser&e a%0

sc6e)/e o wor$% 6o/rs or re"or# #o a%0 re/ar s#a#$o%M 6e co/) see a%) wor o% 6$s "ros"ec#s

a%0w6ere a%) a# a%0#$me 6e c6ose #o, a%) was ree #o a)o"# #6e se$% me#6o)s 6e )eeme) mos#

eKec#$&e.

;$#6o/# )e%0$% #6a# #6e abo&e were $%)ee) #6e e"resse) $m"$c$# co%)$#$o%s o *as$aos co%#rac# w

#6e Com"a%0, #6e res"o%)e%#s co%#e%) #6a# #6e0 )o %o# co%s#$#/#e #6e )ec$s$&e )e#erm$%a%# o #6e

%a#/re o 6$s e%aeme%#, $%&o$% "rece)e%#s #o #6e eKec# #6a# #6e cr$#$ca ea#/re )$s#$%/$s6$% #s#a#/s o a% em"o0ee rom #6a# o a% $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or $s control, #6a# $s, w6e#6er or %o# #6e

"ar#0 w6o e%aes #6e ser&$ces o a%o#6er 6as #6e "ower #o co%#ro #6e a##ers co%)/c# $% re%)er$%

s/c6 ser&$ces. P/rs/$% #6e ar/me%#, #6e res"o%)e%#s )raw a##e%#$o% #o #6e "ro&$s$o%s o *as$aos

co%#rac# ob$$% 6$m #o ... obser&e a%) co%orm #o a r/es a%) re/a#$o%s w6$c6 #6e Com"a%0 ma

rom #$me #o #$me "rescr$be ..., as we as #o #6e ac# #6a# #6e Com"a%0 "rescr$be) #6e /a$Bca#$o%s

a""$ca%#s or $%s/ra%ce, "rocesse) #6e$r a""$ca#$o%s a%) )e#erm$%e) #6e amo/%#s o $%s/ra%ce co&

#o be $ss/e) as $%)$ca#$&e o #6e co%#ro, w6$c6 ma)e *as$ao, $% ea co%#em"a#$o%, a% em"o0ee o

#6e Com"a%0. $

I# $s #r/e #6a# #6e co%#ro #es# e"resse) $% #6e oow$% "ro%o/%ceme%# o #6e Co/r# $% #6e 19 c

o iana vs. Ale*o Al-9a"adan

"

... I% )e#erm$%$% #6e e$s#e%ce o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$", #6e oow$%

eeme%#s are e%era0 co%s$)ere), %ame0 <1> #6e seec#$o% a%) e%aeme%# o #6e

em"o0eeM <2> #6e "a0me%# o waesM <3> #6e "ower o )$sm$ssaM a%) <> #6e "ower #o

co%#ro #6e em"o0ees co%)/c# O a#6o/6 #6e a##er $s #6e mos# $m"or#a%# eeme%# <

Am. (/r. >. ...

6as bee% oowe) a%) a""$e) $% a#er cases, some a$r0 rece%#. "" I%)ee), $# $s w$#6o/# /es#$o% a &

#es# o #6e c6arac#er o a co%#rac# or areeme%# #o re%)er ser&$ce. I# s6o/), 6owe&er, be ob&$o/s #6

%o# e&er0 orm o co%#ro #6a# #6e 6$r$% "ar#0 reser&es #o 6$mse o&er #6e co%)/c# o #6e "ar#0 6$re

rea#$o% #o #6e ser&$ces re%)ere) ma0 be accor)e) #6e eKec# o es#ab$s6$% a% em"o0er=em"o0ee

rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6em $% #6e ea or #ec6%$ca se%se o #6e #erm. A $%e m/s# be )raw%

somew6ere, $ #6e reco%$e) )$s#$%c#$o% be#wee% a% em"o0ee a%) a% $%)$&$)/a co%#rac#or $s %o# #o

&a%$s6 a#oe#6er. Rea$s#$ca0, $# wo/) be a rare co%#rac# o ser&$ce #6a# $&es /%#rammee) ree)o

#o #6e "ar#0 6$re) a%) esc6ews a%0 $%#er&e%#$o% w6a#soe&er $% 6$s "erorma%ce o #6e e%aeme%#.

Lo$ca0, #6e $%e s6o/) be )raw% be#wee% r/es #6a# mere0 ser&e as /$)e$%es #owar)s #6e

ac6$e&eme%# o #6e m/#/a0 )es$re) res/# w$#6o/# )$c#a#$% #6e mea%s or me#6o)s #o be em"o0e)

a##a$%$% $#, a%) #6ose #6a# co%#ro or B #6e me#6o)oo0 a%) b$%) or res#r$c# #6e "ar#0 6$re) #o #6e



o s/c6 mea%s. T6e Brs#, w6$c6 a$m o%0 #o "romo#e #6e res/#, crea#e %o em"o0er=em"o0ee

rea#$o%s6$" /%$e #6e seco%), w6$c6 a))ress bo#6 #6e res/# a%) #6e mea%s /se) #o ac6$e&e $#. T6e

)$s#$%c#$o% ac/$res "ar#$c/ar ree&a%ce $% #6e case o a% e%#er"r$se aKec#e) w$#6 "/b$c $%#eres#, as

#6e b/s$%ess o $%s/ra%ce, a%) $s o% #6a# acco/%# s/bHec# #o re/a#$o% b0 #6e S#a#e w$#6 res"ec#, %o

o%0 #o #6e rea#$o%s be#wee% $%s/rer a%) $%s/re) b/# aso #o #6e $%#er%a aKa$rs o #6e $%s/ra%ce

com"a%0. "! R/es a%) re/a#$o%s o&er%$% #6e co%)/c# o #6e b/s$%ess are "ro&$)e) or $% #6e

I%s/ra%ce Co)e a%) e%orce) b0 #6e I%s/ra%ce Comm$ss$o%er. I# $s, #6ereore, /s/a a%) e"ec#e) o

$%s/ra%ce com"a%0 #o "rom/a#e a se# o r/es #o /$)e $#s comm$ss$o% ae%#s $% se$% $#s "o$c$es

#6a# #6e0 ma0 %o# r/% ao/ o #6e aw a%) w6a# $# re/$res or "ro6$b$#s. ! s/c6 a c6arac#er are #6e

r/es w6$c6 "rescr$be #6e /a$Bca#$o%s o "erso%s w6o ma0 be $%s/re), s/bHec# $%s/ra%ce a""$ca#$o

#o "rocess$% a%) a""ro&a b0 #6e Com"a%0, a%) aso reser&e #o #6e Com"a%0 #6e )e#erm$%a#$o% o

"rem$/ms #o be "a$) a%) #6e sc6e)/es o "a0me%#. No%e o #6ese rea0 $%&a)es #6e ae%#s

co%#rac#/a "reroa#$&e #o a)o"# 6$s ow% se$% me#6o)s or #o se $%s/ra%ce a# 6$s ow% #$me a%)

co%&e%$e%ce, 6e%ce ca%%o# H/s#$Bab0 be sa$) #o es#ab$s6 a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#we

6$m a%) #6e com"a%0.

T6ere $s %o )ear#6 o a/#6or$#0 6o)$% "erso%s s$m$ar0 "ace) as res"o%)e%# *as$ao #o be

$%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#ors, $%s#ea) o em"o0ees o #6e "ar#$es or w6om #6e0 wore). I% Manco

&radin" Corporation vs. ple,"3 #6e Co/r# r/e) #6a# a "erso% e%ae) #o se so# )r$%s or a%o#6er,

/s$% a #r/c s/""$e) b0 #6e a##er, b/# w$#6 #6e r$6# #o em"o0 6$s ow% worers, se accor)$% #o 6

ow% me#6o)s s/bHec# o%0 #o "rearra%e) ro/#es, obser&$% %o wor$% 6o/rs Be) b0 #6e o#6er "ar

a%) ob$e) #o sec/re 6$s ow% $ce%ses a%) )era0 6$s ow% se$% e"e%ses, a $% co%s$)era#$o% o a"e))ers )$sco/%# $&e% b0 #6e o#6er "ar#0 or a# eas# 2- cases o so# )r$%s so) )a$0, was %o# a

em"o0ee b/# a% $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or.

I% nvestent Plannin" Corporation of the Philippines us. Social Securit' S'ste "0 a case amos# o%

o/rs w$#6 #6e "rese%# o%e, #6$s Co/r# 6e) #6a# #6ere was %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#we

a comm$ss$o% ae%# a%) a% $%&es#me%# com"a%0, b/# #6a# #6e ormer was a% $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#

w6ere sa$) ae%# a%) o#6ers s$m$ar0 "ace) were <a> "a$) com"e%sa#$o% $% #6e orm o comm$ss$o%

base) o% "erce%#aes o #6e$r saes, a%0 baa%ce o comm$ss$o%s ear%e) be$% "a0abe #o #6e$r ea

re"rese%#a#$&es $% #6e e&e%# o )ea#6 or re$s#ra#$o%M <b> re/$re) #o "/# /" "erorma%ce bo%)sM <c>

s/bHec# #o a se# o r/es a%) re/a#$o%s o&er%$% #6e "erorma%ce o #6e$r )/#$es /%)er #6e

areeme%# w$#6 #6e com"a%0 a%) #erm$%a#$o% o #6e$r ser&$ces or cer#a$% ca/sesM <)> %o# re/$re) #

re"or# or wor a# a%0 #$me, %or #o )e&o#e #6e$r #$me ec/s$&e0 #o wor$% or #6e com"a%0 %or #o

s/bm$# a recor) o #6e$r ac#$&$#$es, a%) w6o, B%a0, s6o/)ere) #6e$r ow% se$% a%) #ra%s"or#a#$o%

e"e%ses.

+ore rece%#0, $% Sara vs. 9!C, "/ $# was 6e) #6a# o%e w6o 6a) bee% e%ae) b0 a r$ce m$er #o b/

a%) se r$ce a%) "aa0 w$#6o/# com"e%sa#$o% ece"# a cer#a$% "erce%#ae o w6a# 6e was abe #o b/

or se, )$) wor a# 6$s ow% "eas/re w$#6o/# a%0 s/"er&$s$o% or co%#ro o% #6e "ar# o 6$s "r$%c$"a a

re$e) o% 6$s ow% reso/rces $% #6e "erorma%ce o 6$s wor, was a "a$% comm$ss$o% ae%#, a%

$%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or a%) %o# a% em"o0ee.

T6e res"o%)e%#s $m$# #6emse&es #o "o$%#$% o/# #6a# *as$aos co%#rac# w$#6 #6e Com"a%0 bo/%) 6$

#o obser&e a%) co%orm #o s/c6 r/es a%) re/a#$o%s as #6e a##er m$6# rom #$me #o #$me "rescr$bNo s6ow$% 6as bee% ma)e #6a# a%0 s/c6 r/es or re/a#$o%s were $% ac# "rom/a#e), m/c6 ess #

a%0 r/es e$s#e) or were $ss/e) w6$c6 eKec#$&e0 co%#roe) or res#r$c#e) 6$s c6o$ce o me#6o)s O o

#6e me#6o)s #6emse&es O o se$% $%s/ra%ce. Abse%# s/c6 s6ow$%, #6e Co/r# w$ %o# s"ec/a#e #

a%0 ece"#$o%s or /a$Bca#$o%s were $m"ose) o% #6e e"ress "ro&$s$o% o #6e co%#rac# ea&$% *as$a

... ree #o eerc$se 6$s ow% H/)me%# as #o #6e #$me, "ace a%) mea%s o so$c$#$% $%s/ra%ce.



T6e Labor Arb$#ers )ec$s$o% maes reere%ce #o *as$aos ca$m o 6a&$% bee% co%%ec#e) w$#6 #6e

Com"a%0 or #we%#0=B&e 0ears. ;6a#e&er #6$s $s mea%# #o $m"0, #6e ob&$o/s re"0 wo/) be #6a# w6

$s erma%e 6ere $s *as$aos s#a#/s /%)er #6e co%#rac# o (/0 2, 198, %o# #6e e%#6 o 6$s rea#$o%s6

w$#6 #6e Com"a%0.

T6e Co/r#, #6ereore, r/es #6a# /%)er #6e co%#rac# $%&oe) b0 6$m, *as$ao was %o# a% em"o0ee o #

"e#$#$o%er, b/# a comm$ss$o% ae%#, a% $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or w6ose ca$m or /%"a$) comm$ss$o%s

s6o/) 6a&e bee% $#$a#e) $% a% or)$%ar0 c$&$ ac#$o%. T6e Labor Arb$#er erre) $% #a$% co%$a%ce o

a%) a)H/)$ca#$%, sa$) ca$m, be$% w$#6o/# H/r$s)$c#$o% #o )o so, as )$) #6e res"o%)e%# NLRC $%

arm$% #6e Arb$#ers )ec$s$o%. T6$s co%c/s$o% re%)ers $# /%%ecessar0 a%) "rema#/re #o co%s$)er

*as$aos ca$m or comm$ss$o%s o% $#s mer$#s.

;'EREF!RE, #6e a""eae) Reso/#$o% o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% $s se# as$)e, a%) #

com"a$%# o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# +eec$o T. *as$ao $% RA* Case No. 4I=--1-=83 $s )$sm$sse). No

"ro%o/%ceme%# as #o cos#s.

S! !RDERED.

Cru1, Ganca'co, GriDo-A7uino, and Medialdea, ##., concur.

GR. No. "/$8$. M*2 !8# !0

EMPERMACO ,. A,ANTE# )R.# petitioner # vs. LAMADRID ,EARING B PARTS CORP. *n+ )OSE LAMADRI

Pesi+ent# respondents.

D E C I S I O N

YNARES-SANTIAGO# J.

T6$s $s a "e#$#$o% or re&$ew /%)er R/e o #6e 1997 Re&$se) R/es o C$&$ Proce)/re assa$$%Dec$s$o% )a#e) +arc6 7, 2--3 o #6e Co/r# o A""eas $% CA=G.R. SP No. 731-2 w6$c6 arme) Reso/#$o% )a#e) A"r$ 2, 2--2 o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o%.

Pe#$#$o%er was em"o0e) b0 res"o%)e%# com"a%0 Lama)r$) *ear$% a%) Par#s Cor"ora

some#$me $% (/%e 198 as a saesma% ear%$% a comm$ss$o% o 3 o #6e #o#a "a$)=/" saes co&e#6e w6oe area o +$%)a%ao. '$s a&erae mo%#60 $%come was more or ess P1,---.--, b/# a#er $%crease) #o a""ro$ma#e0 P2-,29.-. As$)e rom se$% #6e merc6a%)$se o res"o%)e%# cor"ora#6e was aso #ase) #o coec# "a0me%#s rom 6$s &ar$o/s c/s#omers. Res"o%)e%# cor"ora#$o% com"e#e co%#ro o&er 6$s wor beca/se $#s Pres$)e%#, res"o%)e%# (ose Lama)r$), re/e%#0 )$rec6$m #o re"or# #o a "ar#$c/ar area or 6$s saes a%) coec#$o% ac#$&$#$es, a%) occas$o%a0 re/$re) 6$mo #o +a%$a #o a##e%) co%ere%ces rear)$% "ro)/c# com"e#$#$o%, "r$ces, a%) o#6er mare# s#ra#e

Some#$me $% 1998, "e#$#$o%er e%co/%#ere) B&e c/s#omersJc$e%#s w$#6 ba) acco/%#s, %ame0





Im s$%cere0 a""ea$% #o m0 em"o0er, #6ro/6 0o/, S$r, #o se##e #6ese acco/%#ab$$#$es w6$c6 ares/#e) rom #6e c6ecs $ss/e) b0 m0 c/s#omers w6$c6 bo/%ce) a%) a#er c6are) #o m0 acco/%#, #6e ma%%er aore=c$#e).

+a0 #6$s re/es# mer$# 0o/r $%)es# co%s$)era#$o%, S$rs.

T6a% 0o/ &er0 m/c6.

!% A"r$ 2, 2--1, "e#$#$o%er se%# a%o#6er e##er #o res"o%)e%# Lama)r$), #o w$#?

Dear +r. Lama)r$),

T6$s $s #o $%orm 0o/r oo) oce #6a# $ 0o/ "/rs/e #6e case aa$%s# me, I ma0 reer #6$s "robem #oPa/ Dom$%/e a%) A##0. (es/s D/rea #o so$c$# "ro"er ea a)&$ce. I ma0 aso Be co/%#er c6aresaa$%s# 0o/r com"a%0 o <s$c> /%a$r abor "rac#$ce a%) /%a$r com"e%sa#$o% o 3 comm$ss$o% #o msaes a%) comm$ss$o%s o more or ess 9-,---,---.-- <a coec#e) a%) co&ere) w$#6 ceare) c6ec"a0me%#s> or 1 0ears wor$% w$#6 0o/r com"a%0 /" #o #6e "rese%# 0ear 2--1.

I I am %o# wro% 0o/r com"a%0 )$) %o# eac#0 )ecare #6e correc# amo/%# o P9-,---,---.-- moreess re"rese%#$% m0 saes a%) coec#$o%s <a coec#e) a%) co&ere) w$#6 ceare) c6ec "a0me%#s ##6e */rea/ o I%#er%a Re&e%/e *IR? or #a )ecara#$o% "/r"oses>. I% s6or# 0o/r com"a%0 "roB#e)are amo/%# o mo%e0 #o (sic) #6e abo&e=me%#$o%e) saes a%) coec#$o%s o P9-,---,---.-- more ess or 1 0ears wor$% w$#6 0o/r com"a%0.

I remember #6a# /"o% m0 em"o0me%# w$#6 0o/r com"a%0 as# 198 /" #o #6e "rese%# 0ear 2--1 ascomm$ss$o% bas$s saesma%, I 6a&e %o# s$%e) a%0 co%#rac# w$#6 0o/r com"a%0 s#a#$% #6a# a/%coec#e) acco/%#s $%c/)$% bo/%ce) c6ecs rom Lama)r$) *ear$% @ Par#s Cor". w$ be c6are)me. I wo%)er w60 0o/r com"a%0 orc$b0 $%s#r/c#e) me #o sec/re c6ec$% acco/%# #o "a0 a%) $ss/ec6ec "a0me%# o P1,---.-- "er mo%#6 #o co&er 0o/r com"a%0s ba) acco/%#s $% w6$c6 #6$s amo/%#oo 6ea&0 o% m0 "ar# "a0$% a #o#a ba) acco/%#s o more #6a% P-,---.-- or m0 1 0earsem"o0me%# w$#6 0o/r com"a%0 as comm$ss$o% bas$s saesma%.

Reca$% 0o/r &$s$# 6ere a# m0 Da&ao C$#0 res$)e%ce, oca#e) a# o%e 1 2%) A&e%/e, Sa% 4$ce%#e*/6a%$% Da&ao C$#0, wa0 bac 1998, 0o/ e&e% orce) me #o s$% mor#ae co%#rac# o m0 6o/se ao# oca#e) a# o%e 1 2%) A&e%/e, Sa% 4$ce%#e, */6a%$%, Da&ao C$#0, accor)$% #o +r. (ose Lama)r$)#6$s mor#ae co%#rac# o m0 6o/se a%) o# w$ ser&e as /ara%#ee #o #6e /%coec#e) a%) bo/%ce)

c6ecs rom Lama)r$) *ear$% a%) Par#s Cor"., c/s#omers. I 6a&e ase) 1 co"0 o #6e mor#aeco%#rac# I 6a&e s$%e) b/# +r. (ose C. Lama)r$) %e&er /r%$s6e) me a co"0.

4er0 #r/0 0o/rs,<S)> Em"ermaco *. Aba%#e

;6$e )o$% 6$s /s/a ro/%)s as comm$ss$o% saesma%, "e#$#$o%er was 6a%)e) b0 6$s c/s#omee##er rom #6e res"o%)e%# com"a%0 war%$% #6em %o# #o )ea w$#6 "e#$#$o%er s$%ce $# %o o%reco%$e) 6$m as a comm$ss$o% saesma%.

I% #6e $%#er$m, "e#$#$o%er rece$&e) a s/b"oe%a rom #6e !ce o #6e C$#0 Prosec/#or o +a%$a&$oa#$o%s o *a#as Pamba%sa *. 22 Be) b0 res"o%)e%# Lama)r$).

Pe#$#$o%er #6/s Be) a com"a$%# or $ea )$sm$ssa w$#6 mo%e0 ca$ms aa$%s# res"o%)com"a%0 a%) $#s "res$)e%#, (ose Lama)r$), beore #6e NLRC Re$o%a Arb$#ra#$o% *ra%c6 I, Da&ao C$#0.

*0 wa0 o )ee%se, res"o%)e%#s co/%#ere) #6a# "e#$#$o%er was %o# $#s em"o0ee b/# a reeasaesma% o% comm$ss$o% bas$s, "roc/r$% a%) "/rc6as$% a/#o "ar#s a%) s/""$es rom #6e a##ecre)$#, co%s$%me%# a%) $%s#ame%# bas$s a%) se$% #6e same #o 6$s c/s#omers or "roB# comm$ss$o% o 3 o/# o 6$s #o#a "a$)=/" saes. Res"o%)e%#s c$#e #6e oow$% as $%)$ca#ors oabse%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% #6em

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/may2004/159890.htm#_ftn6




<1> "e#$#$o%er co%s#a%#0 a)m$##e) $% a 6$s ac#s, e##ers, comm/%$ca#$o%s w$#6 #6e res"o%)e%#s#6a# 6$s rea#$o%s6$" w$#6 #6e a##er was s#r$c#0 comm$ss$o% bas$s saesma%M

<2> 6e )oes %o# 6a&e a mo%#60 saar0 %or 6as 6e rece$&e) a%0 be%eB#s accr/$% #o re/arem"o0me%#M

<3> 6e was %o# re/$re) #o re"or# or wor o% a )a$0 bas$s b/# wo/) occas$o%a0 )ro" b0#6e +a%$a oce w6e% 6e we%# #o +a%$a or some o#6er "/r"oseM

<> 6e was %o# $&e% #6e /s/a "a0=s$" #o s6ow 6$s mo%#60 ross com"e%sa#$o%M

<> %e$#6er 6as #6e res"o%)e%# w$#66e) 6$s #aes %or was 6e e%roe) as a% em"o0ee o #6eres"o%)e%# /%)er #6e Soc$a Sec/r$#0 S0s#em a%) P6$6ea#6M

<> 6e was $% ac# wor$% as comm$ss$o% saesma% o B&e o#6er com"a%$es, w6$c6 aree%ae) $% #6e same $%e o b/s$%ess as #6a# o res"o%)e%#, as s6ow% b0 cer#$Bca#$o%s$ss/e) b0 #6e sa$) com"a%$esM7?

<7> $ res"o%)e%# owe) "e#$#$o%er 6$s aee) comm$ss$o%s, 6e s6o/) %o# 6a&e eec/#e) #6eProm$ssor0 No#e a%) #6e Dee) o Rea Es#a#e +or#ae.8?

F$%)$% %o %ecess$#0 or /r#6er 6ear$% #6e case a#er #6e "ar#$es s/bm$##e) #6e$r res"ec"os$#$o% "a"ers, #6e Labor Arb$#er re%)ere) a )ec$s$o% )a#e) No&ember 29, 2--1, #6e )ecre#a "oro w6$c6 rea)s9?

;'EREF!RE, "rem$ses co%s$)ere) H/)me%# $s 6ereb0 re%)ere) DECLARING res"o%)e%#s LA+ADRID*EARING @ PARTS C!RP!RATI!N AND (!SE LA+ADRID #o "a0 Ho$%#0 a%) se&era0 com"a$%a%#E+PER+AC! *. A*ANTE, (R., #6e s/m o PES!S !NE +ILLI!N T'REE 'NDRED T'IRT5 SI T'!SANSE4EN 'NDRED T;ENT5 NINE AND 2J1-- !NL5 <P1,33,729.2> re"rese%#$% 6$s awar)e)se"ara#$o% "a0, bac waes <"ar#$a> /%"a$) comm$ss$o%s, re/%) o )e)/c#$o%s, )amaes a%)a##or%e0s ees.

S! !RDERED.

!% a""ea, #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% re&erse) #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e Labor Arb$#er Reso/#$o% )a#e) A"r$ , 2--2, #6e )$s"os$#$&e "or#$o% o w6$c6 rea)s1-?

;'EREF!RE, #6e A""ea $s GRANTED. Accor)$%0, #6e a""eae) )ec$s$o% $s Se# As$)e a%) 4aca#e). $e/ #6ereo, a %ew H/)me%# $s e%#ere) )$sm$ss$% #6e $%s#a%# case or ac o ca/se o ac#$o%.

S! !RDERED.

Pe#$#$o%er c6ae%e) #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e NLRC beore #6e Co/r# o A""eas, w6$c6 re%)ere)assa$e) H/)me%# o% +arc6 7, 2--3, #6e )$s"os$#$&e "or#$o% o w6$c6 rea)s11?

;'EREF!RE, "rem$ses co%s$)ere), "e#$#$o% $s 6ereb0 DENIED. Le# #6e s/"erse)eas bo%) )a#e) -9 (a%/ar0 2--2, $ss/e) #6e P6$$""$%e C6ar#er I%s/ra%ce Cor"ora#$o% be ca%cee) a%) reease).

S! !RDERED.

"o% )e%$a o 6$s mo#$o% or reco%s$)era#$o%, "e#$#$o%er Be) #6e $%s#a%# a""ea base) o%

oow$% ro/%)sI

T'E '!N!RA*LE C!RT !F APPEALS IN GRA4E A*SE !F DISCRETI!N +!DIFIED T'E I+P!RT !F TRELE4ANT ANTECEDENTS AS ITS PRE+ISE IN ITS XESTI!NED DECISI!N CASING IT T! ARRI4E ATERR!NE!S C!NCLSI!NS !F FACT AND LA;.

II













T'E '!N!RA*LE C!RT !F APPEALS GRA4EL5 ERRED IN APPRECIATING T'E TRE FACTS !F T'IS C T'ERE*5 IT +ADE A ;R!NG C!NCLSI!N *5 STATING T'AT T'E F!RT' ELE+ENT F!R DETER+INIE+PL!5ER=E+PL!5EE RELATI!NS'IP, ;'IC' IS T'E C!NTR!L TEST, IS ;ANTING IN T'IS CASE.

III

T'E '!N!RA*LE C!RT !F APPEALS IS AT ;AR ;IT' T'E E4IDENCE PRESENTED IN T'IS CASE AS;ELL AS ;IT' T'E APPLICA*LE LA; AND ESTA*LIS'ED RLINGS !F T'IS '!N!RA*LE C!RT.

I%$#$a0, "e#$#$o%er c6ae%e) #6e s#a#eme%# b0 #6e a""ea#e co/r# #6a# "e#$#$o%er, w6o

co%#rac#e) a 3 o #6e #o#a ross saes as 6$s comm$ss$o%, was #ase) #o se "r$&a#e res"o%)emerc6a%)$se $% #6e +$%)a%ao area a%) #o coec# "a0me%#s o 6$s saes rom #6e c/s#omers. 'e ar#6a# #6$s s#a#eme%#, w6$c6 s/es#s co%#rac#$% or s/bco%#rac#$% /%)er De"ar#me%# !r)er No. 1-Ame%)$% #6e R/es Im"eme%#$% *oos III a%) 4I o #6e Labor Co)e, $s erro%eo/s beca/se c$rc/ms#a%ces #o warra%# s/c6 co%c/s$o% )o %o# e$s#. No# be$% a% $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or, 6e mbe a re/ar em"o0ee "/rs/a%# #o Ar#$ce 28- o #6e Labor Co)e beca/se a% em"o0me%# s6a)eeme) #o be re/ar w6ere #6e em"o0ee 6as bee% e%ae) #o "erorm ac#$&$#$es w6$c6 are /s/%ecessar0 or )es$rabe $% #6e /s/a b/s$%ess or #ra)e o #6e em"o0er.

Pe#$#$o%er $ew$se )$s"/#es #6e B%)$% o #6e a""ea#e co/r# #6a# %o em"o0er=em"orea#$o%s6$" e$s#s be#wee% 6$m a%) res"o%)e%# cor"ora#$o% s$%ce #6e "ower o co%#ro, w6$c6 $s mos# )ec$s$&e eeme%# #o )e#erm$%e s/c6 rea#$o%s6$", $s wa%#$%. 'e ar/es #6a# #6e oowc$rc/ms#a%ces s6ow #6a# 6e was $% #r/#6 a% em"o0ee o #6e res"o%)e%# cor"ora#$o%

<1> As saesma% o #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s, "e#$#$o%er was aso #6e o%e coec#$% "a0me%# o 6$s sarom &ar$o/s c/s#omers. T6/s, 6e was br$%$% w$#6 6$m Pro&$s$o%a Rece$"#s, sam"es o w6$c6 area##ac6e) #o 6$s Pos$#$o% Pa"er Be) w$#6 #6e Labor Arb$#er.

<2> Pr$&a#e res"o%)e%#s 6a) com"e#e co%#ro o&er #6e wor o #6e "e#$#$o%er. From #$me #o #$me,res"o%)e%# (!SE LA+ADRID was )$rec#$% 6$m #o re"or# #o a "ar#$c/ar area $% +$%)a%ao or 6$s saesa%) coec#$o% ac#$&$#$es, a%) some#$mes 6e was re/$re) #o o #o +a%$a or a co%ere%ce rear)$%com"e#$#$o%s, %ew "r$ces <$ a%0>, s"ec$a oKer <$ com"e#$#ors a&e s"ec$a oKer or )$sco/%#s>, a%)o#6er se$%Jmare#$% s#ra#e0. I% o#6er wor)s, res"o%)e%# (!SE LA+ADRID was cose0 mo%$#or$%#6e saes a%) coec#$o% ac#$&$#$es o #6e "e#$#$o%er.

Pe#$#$o%er /r#6er co%#e%)s #6a# $# was $o$ca or #6e a""ea#e co/r# #o co%c/)e #6a# s$%ce 6e

%o# re/$re) #o re"or# or wor o% a )a$0 bas$s, #6e "ower o co%#ro $s abse%#. 'e reaso%s #6a# be$Be) "erso%%e, as )eB%e) /%)er Ar#$ce 82 o #6e Labor Co)e, w6o $s co&er$% #6e +$%)a%ao arewo/) be $m"rac#$ca or 6$m #o re"or# #o #6e res"o%)e%#s oce $%+a%$a $% or)er #o ee" #ab oac#/a wor$% 6o/rs.

;e=e%#re%c6e) $s #6e )oc#r$%e #6a# #6e e$s#e%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$/#$ma#e0 a /es#$o% o ac# a%) #6a# #6e B%)$%s #6ereo% b0 #6e Labor Arb$#er a%) #6e Na#$o%a LaRea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% s6a be accor)e) %o# o%0 res"ec# b/# e&e% B%a$#0 w6e% s/""or#e)s/bs#a%#$a e&$)e%ce. T6e )ec$s$&e ac#or $% s/c6 B%a$#0 $s #6e "rese%ce o s/bs#a%#$a e&$)e%cs/""or# sa$) B%)$%, o#6erw$se, s/c6 ac#/a B%)$%s ca%%o# be accor)e) B%a$#0 b0 #6$s Co12? Co%s$)er$% #6e co%Q$c#$% B%)$%s o ac# b0 #6e Labor Arb$#er a%) #6e NLRC as we as #6e Co/A""eas, #6ere $s a %ee) #o reeam$%e #6e recor)s #o )e#erm$%e w$#6 cer#a$%#0 w6$c6 o #6e "ro"os$#es"o/se) b0 #6e co%#e%)$% "ar#$es $s s/""or#e) b0 s/bs#a%#$a e&$)e%ce.

;e are cae) /"o% #o reso&e #6e $ss/e o w6e#6er or %o# "e#$#$o%er, as a comm$ss$o% saesmaa% em"o0ee o res"o%)e%# cor"ora#$o%. To ascer#a$% #6e e$s#e%ce o a% em"o0er=em"orea#$o%s6$", H/r$s"r/)e%ce 6as $%&ar$ab0 a""$e) #6e o/r=o) #es#, %ame0 <1> #6e ma%%er o seeca%) e%aeme%#M <2> #6e "a0me%# o waesM <3> #6e "rese%ce or abse%ce o #6e "ower o )$sm$sa%) <> #6e "rese%ce or abse%ce o #6e "ower o co%#ro. ! #6ese o/r, #6e as# o%e $s #6e m$m"or#a%#.13? T6e so=cae) co%#ro #es# $s commo%0 rear)e) as #6e mos# cr/c$a a%) )e#erm$%a$%)$ca#or o #6e "rese%ce or abse%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$". %)er #6e co%#ro #es#em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" e$s#s w6ere #6e "erso% or w6om #6e ser&$ces are "erorme) rese








#6e r$6# #o co%#ro %o# o%0 #6e e%) ac6$e&e), b/# aso #6e ma%%er a%) mea%s #o be /se) $% reac6#6a# e%).

A""0$% #6e aoreme%#$o%e) #es#, a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" $s %o#ab0 abse%# $% case. I# $s /%)$s"/#e) #6a# "e#$#$o%er Aba%#e was a comm$ss$o% saesma% w6o rece$&e) 3 comm$so 6$s ross saes. 5e# %o /o#a was $m"ose) o% 6$m b0 #6e res"o%)e%#M s/c6 #6a# a )$sma "erormaor e&e% a )ea) res/# w$ %o# res/# $% a%0 sa%c#$o% or "ro&$)e a ro/%) or )$sm$ssa. 'e wasre/$re) #o re"or# #o #6e oce a# a%0 #$me or s/bm$# a%0 "er$o)$c wr$##e% re"or# o% 6$s s"erorma%ce a%) ac#$&$#$es. A#6o/6 6e 6a) #6e w6oe o+$%)a%ao as 6$s base o o"era#$o%, 6e was)es$%a#e) b0 res"o%)e%# #o co%)/c# 6$s saes ac#$&$#$es a# a%0 "ar#$c/ar or s"ec$Bc "ace. 'e "/rs6$s se$% ac#$&$#$es w$#6o/# $%#erere%ce or s/"er&$s$o% rom res"o%)e%# com"a%0 a%) re$e) o%

ow% reso/rces #o "erorm 6$s /%c#$o%s. Res"o%)e%# com"a%0 )$) %o# "rescr$be #6e ma%%er o se#6e merc6a%)$seM 6e was e# ao%e #o a)o"# a%0 s#0e or s#ra#e0 #o e%#$ce 6$s c/s#omers. ;6$e #r/e #6a# 6e occas$o%a0 re"or#e) #o #6e +a%$a oce #o a##e%) co%ere%ces o% mare#$% s#ra#e$ewas $%#e%)e) %o# #o co%#ro #6e ma%%er a%) mea%s #o be /se) $% reac6$% #6e )es$re) e%), b/# #o seas a /$)e a%) #o /"ra)e 6$s s$s or a more ec$e%# mare#$% "erorma%ce. As correc#0 obserb0 #6e a""ea#e co/r#, re"or#s o% saes, coec#$o%, com"e#$#ors, mare# s#ra#e$es, "r$ce $s#$%s %ew oKers rea0e) b0 "e#$#$o%er )/r$% 6$s co%ere%ces #o +a%$a )o %o# $%)$ca#e #6a# 6e was /%)erco%#ro o res"o%)e%#.1? +oreo&er, "e#$#$o%er was ree #o oKer 6$s ser&$ces #o o#6er com"ae%ae) $% s$m$ar or rea#e) mare#$% ac#$&$#$es as e&$)e%ce) b0 #6e cer#$Bca#$o%s $ss/e) b0 &arc/s#omers.1?

I% $nc'clopedia Britannica (Philippines), nc. v. 9!C,1? we re$#era#e) #6e r/e #6a# #6ere co/)%o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" w6ere #6e eeme%# o co%#ro $s abse%#. ;6ere a "erso% w6o wor a%o#6er )oes so more or ess a# 6$s ow% "eas/re a%) $s %o# s/bHec# #o )eB%$#e 6o/rs or co%)$#$o%

wor, a%) $% #/r% $s com"e%sa#e) accor)$% #o #6e res/# o 6$s eKor#s a%) %o# #6e amo/%# #6ereorea#$o%s6$" o em"o0er=em"o0ee e$s#s.

;e )o %o# aree w$#6 "e#$#$o%ers co%#e%#$o% #6a# Ar#$ce 28-17? $s a cr/c$a ac#or $% )e#erm$%$%e$s#e%ce o a% em"o0me%# rea#$o%s6$". I# mere0 )$s#$%/$s6es be#wee% #wo $%)s o em"o0ees,re/ar em"o0ees a%) cas/a em"o0ees, or "/r"oses o )e#erm$%$% #6e$r r$6#s #o cer#a$% be%es/c6 as #o Ho$% or orm a /%$o%, or #o sec/r$#0 o #e%/re. Ar#$ce 28- )oes %o# a""0 w6ere #6e e$s#eo a% em"o0me%# rea#$o%s6$" $s $% )$s"/#e.18?

Ne$#6er ca% we s/bscr$be #o "e#$#$o%ers m$s"ace) re$a%ce o% #6e case o Son"co v. 9!C.19? ;$% #6a# case #6e #erm comm$ss$o% /%)er Ar#$ce 9 o #6e Labor Co)e was co%s#r/e) as be$% $%c/$% #6e )eB%$#$o% o #6e #erm wae a&a$abe #o em"o0ees, #6ere $s %o ca#eor$ca "ro%o/%ceme%# #6e "a0me%# o com"e%sa#$o% o% comm$ss$o% bas$s $s co%c/s$&e "roo o #6e e$s#e%ce o a% em"oem"o0ee rea#$o%s6$". A#er a, comm$ss$o%, as a orm o rem/%era#$o%, ma0 be a&a$e) o b0 bo#6

em"o0ee or a %o%=em"o0ee.

Pe#$#$o%er )ecr$e) #6e aee) $%#$m$)a#$o% a%) #r$cer0 em"o0e) b0 res"o%)e%#s #o ob#a$% 6$m a Prom$ssor0 No#e a%) #o $ss/e or#0=se&e% c6ecs as sec/r$#0 or #6e ba) acco/%#s $%c/rre) b0 c/s#omers.

;6$e "e#$#$o%er ma0 6a&e bee% coerce) $%#o eec/#$% orce #o $ss/e #6e sa$) )oc/me%#s, $# me/a0 be #r/e #6a# "e#$#$o%er )$) so $% reco%$#$o% o a &a$) B%a%c$a ob$a#$o%. 'e w6o ca$ms orce or $%#$m$)a#$o% was em"o0e) /"o% 6$m $es #6e onus pro+andi. 'e w6o asser#s m/s# "ro&e. #6ereore $%c/mbe%# /"o% "e#$#$o%er #o o&ercome #6e )$s"/#abe "res/m"#$o% #6a# "r$&a#e #ra%sac#6a&e bee% "rosec/#e) a$r0 a%) re/ar0, a%) #6a# #6ere $s s/c$e%# co%s$)era#$o% or e&er0 co%#r2-? A fortiori, $# $s )$c/# #o $ma$%e #6a# "e#$#$o%er, a saesma% o o% s#a%)$%, wo/) acce)e w$#6ra$s$% a "ro#es# #o #6e "a#e%#0 ca"r$c$o/s a%) o""ress$&e )ema%) b0 res"o%)e%# o re/$r$% 6$mass/me ba) acco/%#s w6$c6, as 6e co%#e%)e), 6e 6a) %o# $%c/rre). T6$s e%)s cre)e%ce #o

res"o%)e%#s asser#$o% #6a# "e#$#$o%er "roc/re) #6e oo)s rom #6e sa$) com"a%0 o% crco%s$%me%# or $%s#ame%# bas$s a%) #6e% so) #6e same #o &ar$o/s c/s#omers. I% #6e sc6em#6$%s, "e#$#$o%er, 6a&$% )$rec#0 co%#rac#e) w$#6 #6e res"o%)e%# com"a%0, becomes res"o%s$be#6e amo/%# o merc6a%)$se 6e #oo rom #6e res"o%)e%#, a%) $% #/r%, #6e c/s#omerJs wo/) be $aor #6e$r res"ec#$&e acco/%#s #o #6e seer, i.e., #6e "e#$#$o%er, w$#6 w6om #6e0 co%#rac#e) #6e sae.

A #o), we s/s#a$% #6e ac#/a a%) ea B%)$%s o #6e a""ea#e co/r# a%) accor)$%0, B%)coe%# reaso% #o o&er#/r% #6e same.



http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1996/nov1996/87098.htm









http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1996/nov1996/87098.htm








;HERE%ORE, $% &$ew o #6e oreo$%, #6e Dec$s$o% o #6e Co/r# o A""eas )a#e) +arc2--3 $% CA=G.R. SP No. 731-2, w6$c6 )e%$e) #6e "e#$#$o% o Em"ermaco *. Aba%#e, $sAFFIR+ED in to

SO ORDERED.

Pan"ani+an, (or;in" Chairan), Carpio, a%) A1cuna, ##., co%c/r.8avide, #r., C.#., (Chairan), o% oc$a ea&e.

G.R. No. 87$8. No(embe 0# "$$

ENCYCLOPAEDIA ,RITANNICA ?PHILIPPINES@# INC.# petitioner, vs. NATIONAL LA,OR RELATIONS

COMMISSION# HON. LA,OR AR,ITER TEODORICO L. DOGELIO *n+ ,EN)AMIN LIM)OCO# respondents.

D E C I S I O N

TORRES# )R.# J.

E%c0co"ae)$a *r$#a%%$ca <P6$$""$%es>, I%c. Be) #6$s "e#$#$o% or certiorari #o a%%/ a%) se# a

#6e reso/#$o% o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o%, T6$r) D$&$s$o%, $% NLRC Case No. R* I4=7, )a#e) December 28, 1988, #6e )$s"os$#$&e "or#$o% o w6$c6 rea)s

;'EREF!RE, $% &$ew o a #6e oreo$%, #6e )ec$s$o% )a#e) December 7, 1982 o #6e% Labor Arb$#e

Teo)or$co L. Doe$o $s 6ereb0 AFFIR+ED, a%) #6e $%s#a%# a""ea $s 6ereb0 DIS+ISSED or ac o me

S! !RDERED.1?

Pr$&a#e res"o%)e%# *e%Ham$% L$mHoco was a Saes D$&$s$o% +a%aer o "e#$#$o%er E%c0co"a

*r$#a%%$ca a%) was $% c6are o se$% "e#$#$o%ers "ro)/c#s #6ro/6 some saes re"rese%#a#$&es

com"e%sa#$o%, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# rece$&e) comm$ss$o%s rom #6e "ro)/c#s so) b0 6$s ae%#s. 'e

aso aowe) #o /se "e#$#$o%ers %ame, oo)w$ a%) oo. I# was, 6owe&er, aree) /"o% #6a# oe"e%ses wo/) be )e)/c#e) rom "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s comm$ss$o%s. Pe#$#$o%er wo/) aso be $%or

abo/# a""o$%#me%#s, "romo#$o%s, a%) #ra%sers o em"o0ees $% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s )$s#r$c#.

!% (/%e 1, 197, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# L$mHoco res$%e) rom oce #o "/rs/e 6$s "r$&a#e b/s$%

T6e% o% !c#ober 3-, 197, 6e Be) a com"a$%# aa$%s# "e#$#$o%er E%c0co"ae)$a *r$#a%%$ca w$#6

De"ar#me%# o Labor a%) Em"o0me%#, ca$m$% or %o%="a0me%# o se"ara#$o% "a0 a%) o#6er be%e

a%) aso $ea )e)/c#$o% rom 6$s saes comm$ss$o%s.

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1996/nov1996/87098.htm#_edn1




Pe#$#$o%er E%c0co"ae)$a *r$#a%%$ca aee) #6a# com"a$%a%# *e%Ham$% L$mHoco <L$mHoco,

bre&$#0> was %o# $#s em"o0ee b/# a% $%)e"e%)e%# )eaer a/#6or$e) #o "romo#e a%) se $#s "ro)

a%) $% re#/r%, rece$&e) comm$ss$o%s #6ererom. L$mHoco )$) %o# 6a&e a%0 saar0 a%) 6$s $%come

#6e "e#$#$o%er com"a%0 was )e"e%)e%# o% #6e &o/me o saes accom"$s6e).'e aso 6a) 6$s o

se"ara#e oce, B%a%ce) #6e b/s$%ess e"e%ses, a%) ma$%#a$%e) 6$s ow% wororce. T6e saar$es o

secre#ar0, /#$$#0 ma%, a%) saes re"rese%#a#$&es were c6areabe #o 6$s comm$ss$o%s. T6/s, "e#$#$o

ar/e) #6a# $# 6a) %o co%#ro a%) s/"er&$s$o% o&er #6e com"a$%a%# as #o #6e ma%%er a%) mea%s

co%)/c#e) 6$s b/s$%ess o"era#$o%s. T6e a##er )$) %o# e&e% re"or# #o #6e oce o #6e "e#$#$o%er a%)

%o# obser&e Be) oce 6o/rs. Co%se/e%#0, #6ere was %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$".

L$mHoco ma$%#a$%e) o#6erw$se. 'e aee) #6a# 6e was 6$re) b0 #6e "e#$#$o%er $% (/0 197-,

ass$%e) $% #6e saes )e"ar#me%#, a%) was ear%$% a% a&erae o P,---.-- mo%#60 as 6$s s

comm$ss$o%. 'e was /%)er #6e s/"er&$s$o% o #6e "e#$#$o%ers oc$as w6o $ss/e) #o 6$m a%) 6$s o

"erso%%e, memora%)a, /$)e$%es o% com"a%0 "o$c$es, $%s#r/c#$o%s a%) o#6er or)ers. 'e

6owe&er, )$sm$sse) b0 #6e "e#$#$o%er w6e% #6e La/re=La%e0 Areeme%# e"$re). As a res/# #6er

L$mHoco asser#s #6a# $% accor)a%ce w$#6 #6e es#ab$s6e) com"a%0 "rac#$ce a%) #6e "ro&$s$o%s o

coec#$&e bara$%$% areeme%#, 6e was e%#$#e) #o #erm$%a#$o% "a0 e/$&ae%# #o o%e mo%#6 sa

#6e /%"a$) be%eB#s <C6r$s#mas bo%/s, m$)0ear bo%/s, co#6$% aowa%ce, &aca#$o% ea&e, a%)

ea&e>, a%) #6e amo/%#s $ea0 )e)/c#e) rom 6$s comm$ss$o%s w6$c6 were #6e% /se) or

"a0me%#s o oce s/""$es, oce s"ace, a%) o&er6ea) e"e%ses.

!% December 7, 1982, Labor Arb$#er Teo)or$co Doe$o, $% a )ec$s$o% r/e) #6a# L$mHoco wasem"o0ee o #6e "e#$#$o%er com"a%0. Pe#$#$o%er 6a) co%#ro o&er L$mHoco s$%ce #6e a##er was re/

#o mae "er$o)$c re"or#s o 6$s saes ac#$&$#$es #o #6e com"a%0. A #ra%sac#$o%s were s/bHec# #o #6e

a""ro&a o #6e "e#$#$o%er, a% e&$)e%ce #6a# "e#$#$o%er com"a%0 6a) ac#$&e co%#ro o% #6e s

ac#$&$#$es. T6ere was #6ereore, a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" a%) %ecessar$0, L$mHoco

e%#$#e) #o 6$s ca$ms. T6e )ec$s$o% aso or)ere) "e#$#$o%er com"a%0 #o "a0 #6e oow$%

1. To "a0 com"a$%a%# 6$s se"ara#$o% "a0 $% #6e #o#a amo/%# o P1,---.--M

2. To "a0 com"a$%a%# 6$s /%"a$) C6r$s#mas bo%/s or #6ree 0ears or #6e amo/%# o P12,---.--M

3. To "a0 com"a$%a%# 6$s /%"a$) m$)=0ear bo%/s e/$&ae%# #o o%e=6a mo%#6 "a0 or #6e #o#a amoo P,---.--M

. To "a0 com"a$%a%# 6$s accr/e) &aca#$o% ea&e e/$&ae%# #o 1 )a0s "er 0ear o ser&$ce, or #6e #o

amo/%# o P,---.--M

. To "a0 com"a$%a%# 6$s /%"a$) co#6$% aowa%ce $% #6e #o#a amo/%# o P--.--M a%)

. To "a0 com"a$%a%# 6$s accr/e) s$c ea&e e/$&ae%# #o 1 )a0s "er 0ear o ser&$ce or #6e #o#a

amo/%# o P,---.--.2?

!% a""ea, #6e T6$r) D$&$s$o% o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% arme) #6e assa

)ec$s$o%. T6e Comm$ss$o% o"$%e) #6a# #6ere was %o e&$)e%ce s/""or#$% #6e aea#$o% #6a# L$mH

was a% $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or or )eaer. T6e "e#$#$o%er s#$ eerc$se) co%#ro o&er L$mHoco #6ro/

memora%)a a%) /$)e$%es a%) e&e% "ro6$b$#$o%s o% #6e sae o "ro)/c#s o#6er #6a% #6ose a/#6or

b0 $#. I% s6or#, #6e "e#$#$o%er com"a%0 )$c#a#e) 6ow a%) w6ere #o se $#s "ro)/c#s. As$)e rom #6a#

L$mHoco "asse) #6e cos#s #o #6e "e#$#$o%er c6areabe aa$%s# 6$s /#/re comm$ss$o%s. S/c6 "rac

"ro&e) #6a# 6e was %o# a% $%)e"e%)e%# )eaer or co%#rac#or or $# $s re/$re) b0 aw #6a#

$%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or s6o/) 6a&e s/bs#a%#$a ca"$#a or $%&es#me%#.





D$ssa#$sBe) w$#6 #6e o/#come o #6e case, "e#$#$o%er E%c0co"ae)$a *r$#a%%$ca %ow comes #o /

#6$s "e#$#$o% or certiorari a%) $%H/%c#$o% w$#6 "ra0er or "re$m$%ar0 $%H/%c#$o%. !% A"r$ 3, 1989,

Co/r# $ss/e) a #em"orar0 res#ra$%$% or)er e%Ho$%$% #6e e%orceme%# o #6e )ec$s$o% )a#e) Decem

7, 1982.

T6e oow$% are #6e ar/me%#s ra$se) b0 #6e "e#$#$o%er

I

T6e res"o%)e%# NLRC ra&e0 ab/se) $#s )$scre#$o% $% 6o)$% #6a# a""ea%#s co%#e%#$o% #6a# a""e

was a% $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or $s %o# s/""or#e) b0 e&$)e%ce o% recor).

II

Res"o%)e%# NLRC comm$##e) ra&e ab/se o )$scre#$o% $% %o# "ass$% /"o% #6e &a$)$#0 o #6e

"ro%o/%ceme%# o #6e res"o%)e%# Labor Arb$#er ra%#$% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s ca$m or "a0me%# o

C6r$s#mas bo%/s, +$)=0ear bo%/s, co#6$% aowa%ce a%) #6e mo%e0 e/$&ae%# o accr/e) a%) /%/

&aca#$o% a%) s$c ea&e.

T6e NLRC r/e) #6a# #6ere e$s#e) a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" a%) "e#$#$o%er a$e

)$s"ro&e #6$s B%)$%. ;e )o %o# aree.

I% )e#erm$%$% #6e e$s#e%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" #6e oow$% eeme%#s m/s

"rese%# 1> seec#$o% a%) e%aeme%# o #6e em"o0eeM 2> "a0me%# o waesM 3> "ower o )$sm$s

a%) > #6e "ower #o co%#ro #6e em"o0ees co%)/c#. ! #6e abo&e, co%#ro o em"o0ees co%)/

commo%0 rear)e) as #6e mos# cr/c$a a%) )e#erm$%a#$&e $%)$ca#or o #6e "rese%ce or abse%ce o

em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$".3? %)er #6e co%#ro #es#, a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" e

w6ere #6e "erso% or w6om #6e ser&$ces are "erorme) reser&es #6e r$6# #o co%#ro %o# o%0 #6e e%

be ac6$e&e), b/# aso #6e ma%%er a%) mea%s #o be /se) $% reac6$% #6a# e%). ?

T6e ac# #6a# "e#$#$o%er $ss/e) memora%)a #o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s a%) #o o#6er )$&$s$o% s

ma%aers )$) %o# "ro&e #6a# "e#$#$o%er 6a) ac#/a co%#ro o&er #6em. T6e )$Kere%# memora%)a w

mere0 /$)e$%es o% com"a%0 "o$c$es w6$c6 #6e saes ma%aers oow a%) $m"ose o% #6e$r res"ecae%#s. I# s6o/) be %o#e) #6a# $% "e#$#$o%ers b/s$%ess o se$% e%c0co"e)$as a%) boos,

mare#$% o #6ese "ro)/c#s was )o%e #6ro/6 )eaers6$" areeme%#s. T6e saes o"era#$o%s w

"r$mar$0 co%)/c#e) b0 $%)e"e%)e%# a/#6or$e) ae%#s w6o )$) %o# rece$&e re/ar com"e%sa#$o%s

o%0 comm$ss$o%s base) o% #6e saes o #6e "ro)/c#s. T6ese $%)e"e%)e%# ae%#s 6$re) #6e$r ow% s

re"rese%#a#$&es, B%a%ce) #6e$r ow% oce e"e%ses, a%) ma$%#a$%e) #6e$r ow% s#aK. T6/s, #6ere w

%ee) or #6e "e#$#$o%er #o $ss/e memora%)a #o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# so #6a# #6e a##er wo/) be a""r

o #6e com"a%0 "o$c$es a%) "roce)/res. Ne&er#6eess, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# L$mHoco a%) #6e o

ae%#s were ree #o co%)/c# a%) "romo#e #6e$r saes o"era#$o%s. T6e "er$o)$c re"or#s #o #6e "e#$#$o

b0 #6e ae%#s were b/# %ecessar0 #o /")a#e #6e com"a%0 o #6e a##ers "erorma%ce a%) b/s$%

$%come.

Pr$&a#e res"o%)e%# was %o# a% em"o0ee o #6e "e#$#$o%er com"a%0. ;6$e $# was #r/e #6a#

"e#$#$o%er 6a) Be) #6e "r$ces o #6e "ro)/c#s or reaso% o /%$orm$#0 a%) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# co/)

a#er #6em, #6e a##er, %e&er#6eess, 6a) ree re$% $% #6e mea%s a%) me#6o)s or co%)/c#$%

mare#$% o"era#$o%s. 'e seec#e) 6$s ow% "erso%%e a%) #6e o%0 reaso% w60 6e 6a) #o %o#$0

"e#$#$o%er abo/# s/c6 a""o$%#me%#s was or "/r"ose o )e)/c#$% #6e em"o0ees saar$es rom

comm$ss$o%s. T6$s 6e a)m$##e) $% 6$s #es#$mo%$es, #6/s







X. 5es, $% o#6er wor)s 0o/ were o% w6a# $s %ow% as P@L bas$s or "roB# a%) oss bas$sY

A. T6a# $s r$6#.

X. I or a% $%s#a%ce, H/s# eam"e 0o/r saes re"rese%#a#$&e $% a%0 "er$o) )$) %o# "ro)/ce a%0

saes, 0o/ wo/) %o# e# a%0 mo%e0 rom *r$#a%%$ca, wo/) 0o/Y

A. No, s$r.

X. I% ac#, *r$#a%%$ca b0 )o$% #6e acco/%#$% or 0o/ as )$&$s$o% ma%aer was mere0 ma$%

$# eas0 or 0o/ #o co%ce%#ra#e a 0o/r eKor# $% se$% a%) 0o/ )o%# worr0 abo/#

acco/%#$%, $s%# #6a# soY

A. 5es, s$r.

X. I% ac# w6e%e&er 0o/ 6$re a secre#ar0 or #ra$%er 0o/ mere0 6$re #6a# "erso% a%) %o#$0

*r$#a%%$ca so #6a# E%c0co"ae)$a *r$#a%%$ca w$ $&e #6e saar$es a%) )e)/c# $# rom 0o/r

ear%$%s, $s%# #6a# soY

A. I% cer#a$% cases I H/s# 6$re) "eo"e "re&$o/s0 em"o0e) b0 E%c0co"ae)$a *r$#a%%$ca.

X. I% #6$s E6$b$# 2 0o/ were $%orm$% E%c0co"ae)$a *r$#a%%$ca #6a# 0o/ 6a&e 6$re) a cer#a$%

"erso% a%) 0o/ were #e$% *r$#a%%$ca 6ow 6er saar0 was o$% #o be #ae% care) o, $s $#

%o#Y

A. 5es, s$r.

X. 5o/ sa$) 6ere, "ease be $%orme) #6a# we 6a&e a""o$%#e) +$ss L/ 4$a% as )$&$s$o% #ra$%er

eKec#$&e +a0 1, 1971 a# P-.-- "er mo%#6 6er saar0 w$ be c6areabe #o #6e :a#$"/%a%

a%) *a0a%$6a% D$s#r$c#s, s$%e) b0 0o/rse. ;6a# $s #6e :a#$"/%a% a%) *a0a%$6a% D$s#r$c#Y

A. T6ose were )$s#r$c#s /%)er m0 )$&$s$o%.

X. I% eKec# 0o/ were #e$% *r$#a%%$ca #6a# 0o/ 6a&e 6$re) #6$s "erso% a%) 0o/ s6o/) c6are

6er saar0 #o me, $s #6a# r$6#Y

A. 5es, s$r.?

Pr$&a#e res"o%)e%# was mere0 a% ae%# or a% $%)e"e%)e%# )eaer o #6e "e#$#$o%er. 'e was re

co%)/c# 6$s wor a%) 6e was ree #o e%ae $% o#6er mea%s o $&e$6oo). A# #6e #$me 6e was co%%e

w$#6 #6e "e#$#$o%er com"a%0, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was aso a )$rec#or a%) a#er #6e "res$)e%# o

Farmers R/ra *a%. 'a) 6e bee% a% em"o0ee o #6e com"a%0, 6e co/) %o# be em"o0e) esew6a%) 6e wo/) be re/$re) #o )e&o#e / #$me or "e#$#$o%er. I "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was $%)ee)

em"o0ee, $# was ra#6er /%/s/a or 6$m #o wa$# or more #6a% a 0ear rom 6$s se"ara#$o% rom w

beore 6e )ec$)e) #o Be 6$s ca$ms. S$%$Bca%#0, w6e% L$mHoco #e%)ere) 6$s res$%a#$o% #o "e#$#$o

o% (/%e 1, 197, 6e s#a#e), #6/s

Re Res$%a#$o%





I am res$%$% as ma%aer o #6e E* Ca"$#o D$&$s$o% eKec#$&e 1 (/%e 197.

T6$s )ec$s$o% was bro/6# abo/# b0 co%Q$c# w$#6 o#6er $%#eres#s w6$c6 a#e0 6a&e $%creas$%0 re/$

m0 "erso%a a##e%#$o%. I ee #6a# $% a$r%ess #o #6e com"a%0 a%) #o #6e "eo"e /%)er m0 s/"er&$s$o

s6o/) re$%/$s6 #6e "os$#$o% #o someo%e w6o ca% )e&o#e /=#$me #o #6e D$&$s$o%.

I w$s6 #o #6a% 0o/ or a #6e e%co/raeme%# a%) ass$s#a%ce 0o/ 6a&e e#e%)e) #o me a%) #o m0

ro/" )/r$% m0 o% assoc$a#$o% w$#6 *r$#a%%$ca.

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m0 "erso%a a##e%#$o% <". 118, Recor)s>. A# #6e &er0 eas#, $# wo/) $%)$ca#e #6a# "e#$#$o%er 6as

eKec#$&e co%#ro o&er #6e "erso%a ac#$&$#$es o L$mHoco, w6o as a)m$##e) b0 #6e a##er 6a) o#

co%Q$c# o $%#eres# re/$r$% 6$s "erso%a a##e%#$o%.

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co%s$)ere).? T6e recor)s o #6e case a# bar s6owe) #6a# #6ere was %o s/c6 em"o0er=em"o

rea#$o%s6$".

As s#a#e) ear$er, #6e eeme%# o co%#ro $s abse%#M w6ere a "erso% w6o wors or a%o#6er )oe

more or ess a# 6$s ow% "eas/re a%) $s %o# s/bHec# #o )eB%$#e 6o/rs or co%)$#$o%s o wor, a%) $% #/

com"e%sa#e) accor)$% #o #6e res/# o 6$s eKor#s a%) %o# #6e amo/%# #6ereo, we s6o/) %o# B%) #6e rea#$o%s6$" o em"o0er a%) em"o0ee e$s#s.7? I% B%e, #6ere $s %o#6$% $% #6e recor)s #o s6ow

wo/) $%)$ca#e #6a# com"a$%a%# was /%)er #6e co%#ro o #6e "e#$#$o%er $% res"ec# o #6e mea%s

me#6o)s8? $% #6e "erorma%ce o com"a$%a%#s wor.

Co%se/e%#0, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# $s %o# e%#$#e) #o #6e be%eB#s "ra0e) or.

In (ie o9 t<e 9oeoin 'emises, #6e "e#$#$o% $s 6ereb0 GRANTED, a%) #6e )ec$s$o% o

NLRC $s 6ereb0 RE4ERSED AND SET ASIDE.

SO ORDERED.

!e"alado (Chairan), !oero, Puno, a%) Mendo1a, ##., co%c/r.











G.R. No. "!0//". A11st !8# "$$8

&SHIO MAR>ETING# petitioner, vs. NATIONAL LA,OR RELATIONS COMMISSION *n+ SE4ERINO

ANTONIO# respondents.

D E C I S I O N

DA4IDE# )R.# J.

Pe#$#$o%er /res /s #o a%%/ #6e )ec$s$o% o 31 +a0 199 o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#

Comm$ss$o% <NLRC> $% NLRC NCR CA No. --89=91? w6$c6 re&erse) #6e Labor Arb$#ers 13 (a%/

199 )ec$s$o% $% NLRC NCR Case No. -8=-17=9 a%) #6e NLRCs !r)er 2? o 29 Febr/ar0 199 w

)e%$e) "e#$#$o%ers mo#$o% or reco%s$)era#$o%.

T6e ac#/a a%) "roce)/ra a%#ece)e%#s are s/mmar$e) b0 #6e "/b$c res"o%)e%# NLRC $%

Comme%# as oows

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s6$os car accessor0 s6o" $% *a%awe, X/eo% C$#0. !% A//s# 22, 199, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# Be) a

com"a$%# or $ea )$sm$ssa, %o%="a0me%# o o&er#$me "a0, 6o$)a0 "a0, a%) o#6er be%eB#s aa$%s

"e#$#$o%er s6$o +are#$% w6$c6 was )oce#e) as NLRC NCR Case No. -8=-17=9 a%) ass$%e) #oLabor Arb$#er Fac/%)o L. Le)a.

!% !c#ober 13, 199, Labor Arb$#er Le)a )$rec#e) #6e "ar#$es #o Be #6e$r res"ec#$&e "a"ers w$#6$% a

%o%=e#e%)$be "er$o) o #we%#0=B&e <2> )a0s. !% No&ember , 199, "e#$#$o%er Be) a mo#$o% #o

)$sm$ss, w6$e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a$e) #o Be 6$s "os$#$o% "a"er.

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o se$% a/#omob$e s"are "ar#s a%) accessor$es. Pe#$#$o%er ca$me) #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was %o

amo% 6er em"o0ees b/# a ree a%ce o"era#or w6o wa$#e)? o% #6e s6o"s c/s#omers s6o/) #6e a#

re/$re 6$s ser&$ces. Pe#$#$o%er /r#6er aees $% 6er +o#$o% #o D$sm$ss #6e oow$%

.- I% "/rs/$# o $#s #ra)$% b/s$%ess, #6e com"a%0 em"o0s a 6a%)/ o re/ar em"o0ees s/c6

as saes "erso%s, cers, acco/%# ocers a%) #6e $e. T6ese em"o0ees are o% #6e Com"a%0 "a0ro

a%) are "ro&$)e) w$#6 a #6e "r$&$ees a%) be%eB#s accor)e) b0 aw #o re/ar em"o0ees. T6ese

em"o0ees were seec#e) a%) e%ae) b0 #6e ma%aeme%# o #6e com"a%0 a%) are "a$) #6e$r

res"ec#$&e saar$es re/ar0. T6e0 aso 6a&e Be) wor$% )a0s a%) 6o/rs a%) are s/bHec# #o

)$sc$"$%ar0 meas/res <s/c6 as re"r$ma%), s/s"e%s$o% or )$sm$ssa> s6o/) #6e0 &$oa#e com"a%0

"o$c$es o% #ar)$%ess, abse%ces a%) e%era em"o0me%# co%)/c#. S$m"0 "/#, #6e Com"a%0 6as /

co%#ro o&er #6e ma%%er b0 w6$c6 #6e sa$) em"o0ees "erorm #6e$r Hobs.

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$%)e"e%)e%# o"era#ors are aowe) b0 #6e Com"a%0 #o wa$# o% Com"a%0 c/s#omers w6o wo/) be

re/$r$% #6e$r ser&$ces. I% ec6a%e or #6e "r$&$ees o a&orabe recomme%)a#$o% b0 #6e Com"a%

a%) $mme)$a#e access #o c/s#omers $% %ee) o #6e$r ser&$ces, #6ese $%)e"e%)e%# o"era#ors aow #6e

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o"era#or a# #6e e%) o #6e wee. I% eKec#, #6e0 )o %o# ear% Be) waes rom #6e Com"a%0 as #6e$r

&ar$abe ees are ear%e) b0 #6em rom #6e c/s#omers o #6e Com"a%0. T6e Com"a%0 6as %o co%#ro

o&er a%) )oes %o# res#r$c# #6e me#6o)oo0 or #6e mea%s a%) ma%%er b0 w6$c6 #6ese o"era#ors

"erorm #6e$r wor. T6ese o"era#ors are %o# s/"er&$se) b0 a%0 em"o0ee o #6e Com"a%0 s$%ce #6e

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1998/aug1998/124551.htm#_edn1







res/#s o #6e$r wor $s co%#roe) b0 #6e c/s#omers w6o 6$re #6em. L$ew$se, #6e Com"a%0 6as %o

co%#ro as a% em"o0er o&er #6ese o"era#ors. T6e0 are %o# s/bHec# #o re/ar 6o/rs a%) )a0s o wor

a%) ma0 come a%) o as #6e0 w$s6. T6e0 are %o# s/bHec# #o a%0 )$sc$"$%ar0 meas/res rom #6e

Com"a%0, sa&e mere0 or #6e $%6ere%# r/es o e%era be6a&$or a%) oo) co%)/c#.

7.- Com"a$%a%# was o%e s/c6 $%)e"e%)e%#, ree a%ce o"era#or. 'e was aowe) b0 #6e Com"a%0 #o

"ro&$)e 6$s ser&$ces #o #6e c/s#omers o #6e Com"a%0 w6o were $% %ee) o s/c6 ser&$ces. 'e rece$&e

6$s ees $%)$rec#0 rom #6e Com"a%0 o/# o #6e ees "a$) b0 #6e c/s#omers )/r$% a $&e% wee. I%

)o$% 6$s Hob, 6e was /%)er #6e )$rec# s/"er&$s$o% a%) co%#ro o #6e c/s#omer. 'e was /%)er %o

com"/s$o% w6a#soe&er #o re"or# #o #6e Com"a%0 o% a re/ar bas$s. 'e was %o# s/bHec# #o a%0

)$sc$"$%ar0 meas/res or 6$s wor co%)/c#. F/r#6ermore, 6e was ree #o "os$#$o% 6$mse %ear o#6er

accessor0 s6o"s #o oKer 6$s ser&$ces #o c/s#omers o sa$) s6o"s, as 6e $s s$c? $% ac# 6a) )o%e o%

&ar$o/s occas$o%s "r$or #o #6e B$% o #6$s com"a$%#.

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+a%aer o S6are +o#or Saes, aso e%ae) $% #6e b/s$%ess o se$% car s"are "ar#s a%) accessor$

ao% *a%awe S#ree#, a##es#$% #o #6e oow$% #6a# $% #6e "/rs/$# o #6e sa$) b/s$%ess, $# aows

$%)e"e%)e%# a%) ree a%ce o"era#ors, s/c6 as eec#r$c$a%s, #o wa$# o% c/s#omers w6o wo/) wa%# #6

#o "erorm #6e$r ser&$cesM a%) #6a# s6e %ows o%e $%)e"e%)e%# o"era#or b0 #6e %ame o Se&er$%o

A%#o%$o, as #6e a##er 6a) "erorme) Hobs or? $#sc/s#omers.

!% (a%/ar0 13, 199, Labor Arb$#er Fac/%)o L. Le)a "rem$s$% o% #6e aea#$o%s co%#a$%e) $% #6e+o#$o% #o D$sm$ss s/bm$##e) b0 #6e "e#$#$o%er Com"a%0, $ss/e) a% or)er )$sm$ss$% #6e com"a$%# o

"r$&a#e res"o%)e%# Se&er$%o A%#o%$o aa$%s# "e#$#$o%er s6$o +are#$% Cor".

!% Febr/ar0 28, 199, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# ass$s#e) b0 #6e P/b$c A##or%e0s !ce, a""eae) #6e or)e

#6e 'o%orabe Labor Arb$#er #o #6e Comm$ss$o%. I% 6$s memora%)/m, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# aee) #6a

s6$o +are#$% 6$re) 6$s ser&$ces o% 1 No&ember 1981 /%#$ (/0 3, 199 as a% eec#r$c$a% w$#6 a )

saar0 o o%e 6/%)re) #6$r#0 #wo "esos <P132.--> "er )a0.'e /r#6er aee) #6a#

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a$#6/0, $% ac# 6e was #6e mos# #r/s#e) em"o0ee $% #6e com"a%0. For $%s#a%ce, +rs. Ta%, #6e

em"o0er, wo/) as 6$m #o o #o #6e ba% a%) w$#6)raw mo%e0 a%) )e$&er #6e "/rc6ase) s"are"ar#sJaccessor$es #o #6e c/s#omer. I #6ere was %o )r$&er, or #6e0 %ee)e) a? 6a%)0ma% $% #6e oce

a%) e&e% $% #6e$r 6o/se6o), +rs. Ta% wo/) ca or #6e com"a$%a%#. 'e co/) be cae), #6e em"o0

"erso%a ass$s#a%#. 'owe&er, )es"$#e 6$s )e&o#$o% a%) o0a#0 #o 6$s wor as we as #o 6$s em"o0er

ser&$ces were #erm$%a#e) b0 #6e res"o%)e%#s w$#6o/# ea ro/%)s. ;6e% 6e re"or#e) or wor o%

(/0 199, 6$s em"o0er wo/) %o# e# 6$m $%s$)e #6e oce beca/se 6e was area)0 )$sm$sse) rom 6

Hob. 'e came s$c? bac #o #6e oce or a %/mber o #$mes b/# 6$s eKor#s "ro&e) /#$e. 'e%ce, 6e

$%s#$#/#e) a com"a$%# w$#6 #6$s 'o%orabe !ce.

A##ac6e) #o #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s +emora%)/m o A""ea were a)a&$#s o 6$s co=eec#r$c$a%s w6

wore) w$#6 s6$o +are#$% %ame0 Rober#o Lo"e a%) Narc$% Pasc/a, corrobora#$% #6e aea#$o

#6a# +r. Se&er$%o A%#o%$o wore) w$#6 #6e "e#$#$o%er Com"a%0 as a% eec#r$c$a% or #6e "as# o/r 0ea

w6e% #6e0 6a&e bee% wor$% w$#6 #6e same Com"a%0M #6e0 were rece$&$% !%e '/%)re) T6$r#0 Two

<P132.--> "er )a0 rom +rs. Ta%, #6a# #6e0 ca%%o# be abse%# rom wor w$#6o/# #6e "erm$ss$o% o +

Ta%M a%) #6a# $# was +rs. Ta% w6o a&e #6em wor w6e% a c$e%# comes $%. To /o#e

. Na a% s/we)o o a# %$ Se&er$%o %a P132.-- $sa% araw a0 a0 G%. Ta% %a%aa$% a# 6$%)$

)$re#a% $b$%$b$a0 % $0e%#eM

. Na 6$%)$ am$ maar$% /m$ba% sa am$% #raba6o %a% 6$%)$ %a"a"aa?am a0 G%. Ta%M



. Na s$ G%. Ta% a% %ab$b$a0 sa am$% % #raba6o /% ma0roo% )/mara#$% %a $0e%#e.

!% +a0 31, 199, #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% $ss/e) $#s )ec$s$o% 6o)$% #6a# com"a$%

$s res"o%)e%#s em"o0ee a%) #6a# 6e was $ea0 )$sm$sse). T6e )$s"os$#$&e "or#$o% o #6e )ec$s$o%

rea)s as oows

;'EREF!RE, #6e a""eae) !r)er )a#e) (a%/ar0 13, 199 $s 6ereb0 se# as$)e. T6e res"o%)e%# $s

)$rec#e) #o re$%s#a#e com"a$%a%# w$#6 / bacwaes com"/#e) rom A//s# 3, 199 /%#$ 6e $s

ac#/a0 re$%s#a#e). Com"a$%a%#s mo%e#ar0 ca$ms "rese%#e) as #6$r) $ss/e o% a""ea $s 6owe&er

rema%)e) or /r#6er arb$#ra#$o% #6ere be$% %o s/bs#a%#$a bas$s #o ra%# or )e%0 #6e same. <".

NLRCs Dec$s$o%>3?

T6e NLRC re&erse) #6e Labor Arb$#er. I# a)o"#e) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s aea#$o%s $% 6$s com"

#6a# 6e 6a) wore) or res"o%)e%# s$%ce 1981 as a%? eec#r$c$a% a%)? "a$) wee0 e&er0 S/%)

a# #6e ra#e o 132 "esos "er )a0M a%) co%c/)e) #6a# "e#$#$o%ers arra%eme%# as rear)s #6e m

o "a0me%# o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s waes was %o#6$% b/# a% e&as$&e a##em"# #o 6$)e #6e

em"o0me%# s#a#/s o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#?, co%s$)er$% #6a# $# co/) %o# /%)ers#a%) w60 "r$&

res"o%)e%# co/) %o# )$rec#0 coec# 6$s ear%$%s rom a c/s#omer, $mme)$a#e0 a#er "r$&

res"o%)e%# accom"$s6e) a Hob or w6$c6 6e was 6$re)M a%) w60 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s "rocee)s

Hobs re%)ere) o% a )a$0 bas$s co/) o%0 be "a$) #o 6$m o% a wee0 bas$s.

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%o# co%#rar0 #o aw, "/b$c or)er a%) "/b$c "o$c0.

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a# #6e e%) o a wee. I% B%e, #6e s6o" ow%er a%) #6e $%)e"e%)e%# co%#rac#or were "ar#%ers $% #ra

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)$) %o# co%s$)er "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# a% em"o0ee o "e#$#$o%er.

I# $s cear #6a# "e#$#$o%er )$) %o# 6a&e #6e "ower #o co%#ro "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# w?$#6 res"ec# #o #6e

mea%s a%) me#6o)s b0 w6$c6 6$s wor was #o be accom"$s6e) <Co%#$%e%#a +arbe Cor"ora#$o%, e#

&s. Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o%, 11 SCRA 11, 18 1988?>.

Las#0, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# aowe) "e#$#$o%er #o coec# ser&$ce ees rom 6$s c/s#omers. 'e rece$&e)

sa$) ees o% a wee0 bas$s. T6$s arra%eme%#, abe$# "ec/$ar, )oes %o# "ro&e #6e e$s#e%ce o a%

em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$". I% *esa &s. TraHa%o, 1 SCRA -1, - 198?, #6e s6oe s6$%er

re%)er$% ser&$ces $% #6e "rem$ses o *esa, rece$&e) rom *esa #6e "a0me%#s or 6$s ser&$ces o% awee0 bas$s. 5e# #6e s6oe s6$%er was %o# co%s$)ere) a% em"o0ee o *esa. T6$s $s #6e same

arra%eme%# be#wee% "e#$#$o%er a%) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#.12?

;HERE%ORE, H/)me%# $s 6ereb0 re%)ere) GRANTING #6e "e#$#$o%, RE4ERSING #6e c6ae%

)ec$s$o% a%) reso/#$o% o #6e Na#$o%a Labor Rea#$o%s Comm$ss$o% $% NLRC=NCR CA No. --89=9

REINSTATING #6e !r)er o 13 (a%/ar0 199 o #6e Labor Arb$#er $% NLRC=NCR Case No. -8=-17=9.

No "ro%o/%ceme%# as #o cos#s.

SO ORDERED.

Bellosillo, itu", Pan"ani+an a%) Euisu+in", ##., co%c/r.

G.R. No. ""88$!. M*c< ""# "$$8

%ILIPINAS ,ROADCASTING NET;OR># INC.# petitioner vs. NATIONAL LA,OR RELATIONS COMMISION

*n+ SIMEON MAPA )R.# respondents.

D E C I S I O N

PANGANI,AN , J.:





As a r/e, ac#/a B%)$%s o #6e NLRC are b$%)$% o% 6$s Co/r#. 'owe&er, w6e% #6e B%)$%s oNLRC a%) #6e abor arb$#er are co%#ra)$c#or0, #6$s Co/r# ma0 re&$ew /es#$o%s o ac#s. ;6ere e&$)e%ce cear0 s6ows #6e abse%ce o a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$", a ca$m or /%"a$) wa#6$r#ee%#6 mo%#6 "a0, 6o$)a0 a%) res# "a0 a%) o#6er em"o0me%# be%eB#s m/s# %ecessar$0 a$.

T<e C*se

*eore /s $s a "e#$#$o% or certiorari assa$$% #6e A"r$ 29, 199 Dec$s$o% o #6e Na#$o%a LaRea#$o%s Comm$ss$o%," $% Case No. -=-8=--38=92, e%#$#e) S$meo% +. +a"a (r., v . DRC R

S#a#$o%. T6e )$s"os$#$&e "or#$o% o #6e c6ae%e) Dec$s$o% rea)s

;'EREF!RE, "rem$ses co%s$)ere), #6e a""eae) )ec$s$o% $s se# as$)e, a%) a %ew H/)me%# $s e%#ere)ecar$% #6a# com"a$%a%# $s a% em"o0ee o #6e res"o%)e%# a%) $s e%#$#e) #o 6$s ca$ms or #6e"a0me%# o 6$s ser&$ces rom +arc6 11, 199- #o (a%/ar0 1, 1992.!

Pe#$#$o%er aso $m"/%s #6e No&ember 9, 199 Reso/#$o%3 #6e NLRC )e%0$% #6e mo#$o%reco%s$)era#$o%.

T6e !c#ober 13, 1993 )ec$s$o% o #6e abor arb$#er,0 w6$c6 #6e NLRC re&erse) a%) se# as)$s"ose) as oows

T6$s Arb$#ra#$o% *ra%c6, base) o% #6e ac#s a%) c$rc/ms#a%ces es#ab$s6e) b0 #6e "ar#$es $% #6$s case$%c$%e) #o be$e&e #6a# com"a$%# S$meo% +. +a"a, (r., 6a) %o# bee% a% em"o0ee o #6e res"o%)e%#DRC Ra)$o S#a#$o% beore Febr/ar0 1, 1992./ 'e was b/# a &o/%#eer re"or#er w6e% accommo)a##o a$r 6$s re"or# o% #6e res"o%)e%# ra)$o s#a#$o% as 6$s a""$ca#$o% or em"o0me%# w$#6 #6e res"o%)ra)$o s#a#$o% as 6$s a""$ca#$o% or em"o0me%# w$#6 #6e res"o%)e%# as Bee) re"or#er 6a) %o# bee%acce"#e) 0e# or a""ro&e) beore Febr/ar0, 1992. T6ere was %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s #6a#e$s#e) be#wee% #6e com"a$%a%# a%) #6e res"o%)e%# s$%ce +arc6 11, 199- /%#$ Febr/ar0 1, 1992

T6e com"a$%a%# $s %o# e%#$#e) #o 6$s ca$m or a%0 saar$es, "rem$/m "a0 or 6o$)a0 a%) res# )a0,6o$)a0 "a0 a%) #6e 13#6 mo%#6 "a0 aa$%s# #6e res"o%)e%# DRC Ra)$o S#a#$o%JSa&o For#/%o.

;'EREF!RE, $% #6e $6# o #6e oreo$% "rem$ses, H/)me%# $s 6ereb0 re%)ere) )$sm$ss$% #6ecom"a$%# $% 6$s case or ac o mer$#.

T<e %*cts

Version o !rivate Respondent

Pe#$#$o%er a%) "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# s/bm$##e) )$Kere%# &ers$o%s o #6e ac#s. T6e ac#s as &$ewe)"r$&a#e res"o%)e%# are as oows7

T6e com"a$%a%# <6ere$% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#> bea% #o wor or #6e res"o%)e%# as a ra)$o re"or#ers#ar#$% +arc6 11, 199-. !% +a0 1, 199-, /"o% be$% $%orme) b0 #6e% res"o%)e%#s S#a#$o% +a%a+r. Par$)e *rocaes, #6a# com"a$%a%#s em"o0me%# w$#6 res"o%)e%# $s be$% boce) b0 +s. *re%)*a0o%a o DG*, com"a$%a%#s "re&$o/s em"o0er, #6e sa$) com"a$%a%# #oo a ea&e o abse%ce. I%#6e Brs# wee o (/%e, 199-, #6e res"o%)e%# #6r/ +r. A%#o%$o Lare%a, #6e% a% em"o0ee o #6e

res"o%)e%#, ase) #6e com"a$%a%# #o re#/r% #o wor e&e% as 6e was ass/re) #6a# 6$s saar$es w$ be"a$) #o 6$m area)0. T6/s, #6e com"a$%a%# co%#$%/e) #o wor or #6e res"o%)e%# s$%ce #6e%. !%Se"#ember , 1991, aa$% #6e com"a$%a%# #oo a ea&e o abse%ce beca/se o 6$s )es"era#$o% o&era$/re o res"o%)e%# #o mae oo) $#s "rom$se o "a0me%# o saar$es. 'e was re$%s#a#e) o% (a%/ar01, 1992 a%) res$%e) o% Febr/ar0 27, 1992 w6e% 6e )ec$)e) #o r/% or a% eec#$&e oce $% #6e #owo Daraa, aba0. %or#/%a#e0, #6e res"o%)e%# "a$) saar0 #o #6e com"a$%a%# o%0 or #6e "er$o) r

(a%/ar0 1, 1992 /" #o Febr/ar0 27, 1992. Res"o%)e%# )$) %o# "a0 #6e com"a$%a%# or a #6e ser&$cre%)ere) b0 #6e a##er rom +arc6 11, 199- /" #o (a%/ar0 1, 1992.

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1998/mar1998/118892.htm#_edn1

















As ma0 be e%e) rom $#s memora%)/m,8 "e#$#$o%ers &ers$o% o #6e ac#s $s as oows

1. !% or beore A"r$ 199-, +a"a was )$sm$sse) rom 6$s em"o0me%# w$#6 P*N=DG* Leas"$. A# #6#$me, +a"a Be) a case or $ea )$sm$ssa aa$%s# P*N=DG* Leas"$ )oce#e) as RA4 4. Case No. -=--12-=9- e%#$#e) S$meo% +a"a, (r. v . Peo"es *roa)cas#$% Ne#wor=DG* Leas"$, (ore *a0o%a%) Ar#/ro !s$a.

2. !% or abo/# +a0 199-, +a"a so/6# em"o0me%# rom DRC as a ra)$o re"or#er. 'owe&er, DRCre/$re) o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# #6e s/bm$ss$o% o a ceara%ce rom 6$s ormer em"o0er. !#6erw$se, 6a"$ca#$o% wo/) %o# be ac#e) /"o%M

3.!% +a0 1, 199-, +a"a was $%orme) b0 DRCs #6e% s#a#$o% ma%aer, +r. Par$)e Larr0 *rocaes#6a# 6$s a""$ca#$o% or em"o0me%# was be$% boce) b0 +s. *re%)a *a0o%a o DG*, +a"as ormeem"o0er. T6$s ac# $s s/""or#e) b0 +a"as "os$#$o% "a"er beore #6e 'o%orabe Labor Arb$#er M

. Ta$% "$#0 o% +a"a a%) "e%)$% #6e $ss/a%ce o #6e ceara%ce rom P*N=DG* Leas"$, +r. Larr0*rocaes ra%#e) #6e re/es# o +a"a #o be accomo)a#e) o%0 as a &o/%#eer re"or#er o DRC o% a"ar#=#$me bas$s. As a &o/%#eer re"or#er, +a"a was %o# #o be "a$) waes as a% em"o0ee o DRC b/6e was "erm$##e) #o B%) s"o%sors w6ose b/s$%ess es#ab$s6me%#s w$ be a)&er#$se) e&er0 #$me 6eoes o% #6e a$r. +os# $m"or#a%#0, +a"as o%0 wor co%s$s#e) o occas$o%a %ewsb$#s or o%=#6e s"o#re"or#$% o co%s$s#e) o occas$o%a %ewsb$#s or o%=#6e s"o# re"or#$% o $%c$)e%#s or %ewswor#60occ/ra%ces, w6$c6 was &er0 se)om.

. +a"as r$e%)s w6o were aso $% #6e same s$#/a#$o% as 6e was, )ecare) $% a% a)a&$# )a#e) (/%e 1993 #6a#

;E, ALLAN AL+ARI! a%) EL+ER AN!NE4!, o ea ae, s$%e, w$#6 "os#a a))ress a# ;as6$%#o%Dr$&e, Leas"$ C$#0, /%)er oa#6, )e"ose a%) s#a#e

1. ;e "erso%a0 %ow S$meo% (/% +a"a, a ormer &o/%#eer re"or#er a# DRC H/s# $e /sM

2. As &o/%#eer re"or#ers we %ow #6a# we w$ %o# rece$&e a%0 saar0 or aowa%ce rom DRC beca/o/r wor was "/re0 &o/%#ar0M

3. As $%ce%#$&e or /s, #6e ma%aeme%# o DRC aowe) /s #o e# o/r ow% s"o%sors w6ose b/s$%eses#ab$s6me%# we me%#$o%e)? e&er0 a#er Be) re"or# was ma)e b0 /sM

. T6e ma%aeme%# )$) %o# re/$re or ob$e /s #o re%)er a re"or#. ;e were o% o/r ow%. ;e ma)?ere%)ere)? a re"or# as we saw?B#M

. D/r$% o/r s#$%# as &o/%#eer re"or#ers we 6a) se&era s"o%sors eac6 w6o "a$) /s P3--.-- "ermo%#6 <eac6>.

. 'a&$% %o ra)$o a)e#s #o be$% w$#6, DRC oa%e) +a"a #6e %ecessar0 e/$"me%# s/c6 as6a%)6e) ra)$os a%) re"or#$% a)e#s. +a"a was #o )o occas$o%a re"or#$% o%0, $.e., a ew m$%/#eeac6 )a0 a# a% $rre/ar #$me "er$o) a# +a"as ow% co%&$%$e%ce. +a"a a)&er#$se) 6$s s"o%sors a%)

"oce#e) #6e "a0me%# o #6ese s"o%sors or 6$s a)&er#$s$% ser&$ces. I% a))$#$o%, DRC 6a) %o co%#o&er #6e ma%%er b0 s$c? w6$c6 6e was #o mae 6$s re"or#s. Nor were #6e sa$) re"or#s s/bHec# #o e)$#b0 DRCM

7. I% a% A)a&$# )a#e) (/%e 1-, 1993 eec/#e) b0 o%e o +a"as s"o%sors, #6e same rea)s as oow

I, CARLIT! 4. *A5L!N, o ea ae, marr$e), res$)e%# o Do%a +ar$a S/b)$&$s$o%, Daraa, Aba0, /%)eoa#6, )es"ose a%) s#a#e





1. I am a aw0er b0 "roess$o%. A# #6e same #$me, I am ow%er o :/s$%a %$ +a%o0 a res#a/ra%# s$#/a#e$% Daraa, Aba0M

2. I "erso%a0 %ow S$meo% (/% +a"a. Some#$me $% +a0, 199- 6e we%# #o mae a%) ase) $ I co/)o%e o 6$s s"o%sors beca/se 6e was accomo)a#e) b0 DRC as &o/%#eer re"or#er. 'e e"a$%e) #o m#6a#, 6e w$ %o# be rece$&$% a%0 saar0 rom DRCM? 6e%ce, 6e was so$c$#$% a%0 s/""or#M

3. Ta$% "$#0 o% 6$m, I aree) #o be o%e o 6$s s"o%sors. T6e co%)$#$o% was, I w$ 6a&e #o "a0 6$mP3--.--Jmo%#6. I% ec6a%e #6ere#o, 6e w$ 6a&e #o me%#$o% #6e %ame o #6e %ame o m0 res#a/rae&er0 #$me 6e re%)ers a re"or# o% #6e a$rM

. +0 s"o%sors6$" as#e) or abo/# <> mo%#6s a#er w6$c6 I )$sco%#$%/e) $# w6e% I rare0 6ear) (/%+a"a $% DRC "roram.

8. !% No&ember 7, 199-, $% 6$s #es#$mo%0 aa$%s# 6$s ormer em"o0er, +a"a )ecare) /%)er oa#6. Tw$#

ATT5. L!*RIG!

!% "arara"6 1 o #6e same a)a&$# $# s#a#es a%) I /o#e 13. 'a&$% bee% e# w$#6 a% em"#0s#omac6, I was com"ee) #o a""0 or em"o0me%# w$#6 a%o#6er ra)$o s#a#$o%. !% +arc6 11, 199-, I

a""$e) or em"o0me%# w$#6 DRC. %or#/%a#e0, m0 a""$ca#$o% wo/) %o# 0e# be ac#e) /"o%?a&orab0 beca/se o #6e ma$c$o/s a%) o""ress$&e $m"/#a#$o%s #o me b0 m0 ormer em"o0er.

+0 /es#$o% $s w6a# $s %ow #6e s#a#/s o 0o/r em"o0me%# w$#6 DRCY

;ITNESS

I am a# "rese%# o% a &o/%#eer s#a#/s beca/se m0 ormer em"o0er a# DG* )$) %o# $&e me ceara%a%) I am re/$re) #o s/bm$# #6a# ceara%ce #o DRC. <%)er$%$% s/""$e)>.

See ". 2 o Pos$#$o% Pa"er o DRC beore #6e Labor Arb$#er a%) "". = o #6e Tra%scr$"# oS#e%ora"6er No#es )a#e) No&ember 7, 199-, a##ac6e) a%) mare) as A%%e F a%) A%%e F=1, Pe#$#

or CertiorariM

9. I# ca%%o# be o&ers#resse) #6a# +a"as a""$ca#$o% or em"o0me%# co/) %o# 6a&e bee% ac#e) /"obeca/se o #6e ac o #6e "re=re/$s$#e ceara%ce.

1-. Lac$% $% s"o%sors, +a"a soo% a$e) #o "ro&$)e "e#$#$o%er w$#6 %ewsb$#s, B%)$% $# /%"roB#abeco%#$%/e s$%ce 6e 6a) %o a&a$abe so/rces o /%)$%. Some#$me $% Se"#ember 1991, +a"a /$# 6$s"ar#=#$me e%)ea&or w$#6 DRC, as a##es#e) #o b0 #6e !ce o S/"er&$sorJTrac +a%aer I%ac$o Caa% A)a&$# )a#e) (/%e 1-, 1992, #o w$#

1. I am #6e !ce S/"er&$sorJTrac +a%aer o DRC=A+M

2. Some#$me $% +a0, 199- S$meo% (/% +a"a we%# #o m0 oce $%s$)e o/r ra)$o s#a#$o%. 'e

ase) me $ 6e co/) be accomo)a#e) as Ra)$o Re"or#er o DRC, as 6e was )$sm$sse) romDG*. I reerre) 6$m #o Larr0 *rocaes, o/r S#a#$o% +a%aer #6e%M

3. Larr0 *rocaes #o) (/% +a"a #6a# 6e ca%%o# be accomo)a#e) beca/se 6e 6as %o ceara%cerom DG*. (/% +a"a, amos# #ear0 e0e), "ea)e) #o Larr0 *rocaes #6a# 6e beaccomo)a#e) as &o/%#eer re"or#er, #6a# $s, 6e w$ %o# rece$&e a%0 saar0 b/# #6a# 6e$%#$ma#e) #6a# 6e be aowe) #o oo or s"o%sors w6ose b/s$%ess es#ab$s6me%#, or a ee,w$ 6a&e #o be me%#$o%e) a#er e&er0 re"or# $s ma)e. Larr0 *rocaes #oo "$#0 o% (/% +a"aa%) accomo)a#e) 6$mM



. (/% +a"a, H/s# $e #6e o#6er &o/%#eer re"or#ers, was %o# ob$e) #o re%)er Be) re"or#s, a# a"ar#$c/ar #$me a%) $% a "ar#$c/ar "roram. T6e0 re%)er re"or# as #6e0 w$s6 or see B#M

. T6e ma%aeme%# <DRC> )oes %o# coec# a%0#6$% rom #6e s"o%sors o (/% +a"a. T6e0<s"o%sors> "a0 )$rec#0 #o 6$mM

. *e$% #6e !ce S/"er&$sor, I %ow or a ac# #6a# (/% +a"a se)om re%)ers re"or# o% #6ea$r. 'e 6as %o ass$%e) "roram e$#6er. 'e was o% a%) oK #6e a$r, so #o s"eaM

7. F$%a0, some #$me $% Se"#ember, 1991, (/% +a"a #o) me #6a# 6e $s /$##$% area)0 beca/se6$s s"o%sors were %o o%er "a0$% 6$m o 6$s mo%#60 co%#rac# w$#6 #6em. <%)erscor$%s/""$e)><See A%%e G, Pe#$#$o% or Certiorari>M

11. S/bse/e%#0, +a"a se%# a e##er )a#e) !c#ober 7, 1991 #o +s. D$a%a C. Go/m, Ge%era +a%ao "e#$#$o%er F*N. I% #6e sa$) e##er, +a"a wro#e a%) a)m$##e) #6a#

I am s$c? +r. S$meo% +a"a, (r. res"ec#/0 re/es# 0o/r oo) oce #o reco%s$)er m0 "re&$o/sa""$ca#$o% s/bm$##e) as# +arc6 199- as a re"or#er o DRC A+.

+a0 I $%orm 0o/ #6a# s$%ce #6e s/bm$ss$o% o s/c6 a""$ca#$o% I wore) /%#$ Se"#ember , 1991 orree ser&$ces s$c?. 'o"$% #6a# I be $&e% #6e c6a%ce #o be reco%$e) as a re/ar re"or#er.

;$#6 #6$s, I res"ec#/0 w$s6 #o oow /" m0 a""$ca#$o% or reco%$#$o%.

+a0 I aso $%orm 0o/ #6a# #6e case I 6a&e w$#6 m0 "re&$o/s Hob w$#6 #6e o#6er com"a%0 6ascomme%ce).

A##ac6e) 6erew$#6 $s m0 res/me.

I am o%ce aa$% s/bm$##$% m0se or a% $%#er&$ew w$#6 0o/r oce a# a #$me co%&e%$e%# #o 0o/.

T6a% 0o/.

<See A%%e ', Pe#$#$o% or Certiorari>M

12. Reac#$% #o #6e e##er me%#$o%e) $% #6e $mme)$a#e0 "rece)$% "arara"6, DRC a&orab0 ac#e)

/"% #6e a""$ca#$o% o +a"a a%) acce"#e) 6$m as a ra)$o re"or#er o% (a%/ar0 1, 1992M

13. !% Febr/ar0 27, 1992, +a"a res$%e) as a ra)$o re"or#er $% or)er #o r/% or a% eec#$&e oce $% +a0 1992 eec#$o%s a%) was "a$) a 6$s saar$es a%) be%eB#s or #6e "er$o) o 6$s em"o0me%#comme%c$% rom (a%/ar0 1, 1992 /%#$ Febr/ar0 27, 1992M

1. 'a&$% %o wor #o )o a%) %o em"o0me%# $% s$6#, +a"a Be) a com"a$%# aa$%s# F*N=DRC o%A//s# 1992, ca$m$% #6e "a0me%# o saar$es, "rem$/m "a0, 6o$)a0 "a0 as we as 13#6 mo%#6 "a0#6e "er$o) 28 Febr/ar0 199- /%#$ (a%/ar0 1, 1992M

!% !c#ober 13, 1993, Labor Arb$#er Eme#er$o Ra%oa )$sm$sse) #6e com"a$%# or ac o meB%)$% #6a# %o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" e$s#e) be#wee% +a"a a%) DRC )/r$% #6e "e+arc6 11, 199- #o Febr/ar0 1, 1992.$

"indin#s o t$e NLRC

I% 6o)$% #6a# #6ere was a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$", #6e NLRC se# as$)e #6e abor arbB%)$%s





I% 6$s a""ea, com"a$%a%# $%s$s#s #6a# #6ere was a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" be#wee% 6$m a#6e res"o%)e%#. I% s/""or# o 6$s co%#e%#$o%, 6e c$#es #6e "a0ro or Febr/ar0 1 #o 29, 1992, #6e IDcar) $ss/e) #o 6$m as em"o0ee a%) re/ar re"or#er b0 #6e res"o%)e%# s$c? #6e "roram sc6e)/esDRC s6ow$% #6e re/ar "roram o #6e s#a#$o% $%)$ca#$% 6$s %ames$c? #6e a)a&$# o A%#o%$oLare%a, "roram s/"er&$sor o DRC+, s#a#$% #6a# 6e was? a re/ar re"or#er /%)er6$s s/"er&$s$o%a%) #6e $s# o re"or#$% a)e#s $ss/e) #o re/ar re"or#er.

T6e e$s#e%ce o em"o0er em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" $s )e#erm$%e) b0 #6e oow$% eeme%#s, %ame0 seec#$o% a%) e%aeme%# o #6e em"o0eeM 2> #6e "a0me%# o waesM 3> #6e "ower o )$sm$ssaM a%> #6e "ower #o co%#ro em"o0ees co%)/c# a#6o/6 #6e a##er $s #6e mos# $m"or#a%# eeme%#. <Rosa*ro#6ers, I%c. vs. !"e, 131 SCRA 72>

Co%s$)er$% #6e #o#a$#0 o #6e e&$)e%ce a))/ce) b0 #6e "ar#$es, we are o #6e o"$%$o% #6a# #6ecom"a$%a%# $s a re/ar re"or#er o #6e res"o%)e%#. F$rs#0, #6e wor o #6e com"a$%a%# $s be$%s/"er&$se) b0 #6e "roram s/"er&$sor o #6e res"o%)e%#M seco%)0, #6e com"a$%a%# /ses #6e re"or#a)e#s o #6e res"o%)e%#. T6$r)0, 6e 6as %o re"or#$% a)e#s o 6$s ow%M Fo/r#60, #6e "roramsc6e)/e $s "re"are) b0 #6e res"o%)e%#M a%) Las#0, 6e was "a$) saar0 or #6e "er$o) or #6e "er$o)rom Febr/ar0 1 #o 29, 1992 a%) co&ere) /%)er #6e Soc$a Sec/r$#0 S0s#em. T6ere $s %o s6ow$% $%recor) #6a# 6$s wor rom Febr/ar0 1, 1992 was )$Kere%# rom 6$s wor beore #6e sa$) "er$o)."

T6e NLRC s/bse/e%#0 )e%$e) "e#$#$o%ers mo#$o% or reco%s$)era#$o%"" o% No&ember 9, 19"! 'e%ce #6$s "e#$#$o%."3

Iss1e

Pe#$#$o%er aees #6a# P/b$c Res"o%)e%# NLRC comm$##e) ra&e ab/se o )$scre#$o% as oows

I

$% )ecar$% +a"a as a% em"o0ee o "e#$#$o%er beore (a%/ar0 1, 1992. T6e #es# o a% em"o0eem"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" was erro%eo/s0 a""$e) #o #6e ac#s o #6$s case.

II

$% )$srear)$% s$%$Bca%# ac#s w6$c6 cear0 a%) co%&$%c$%0 s6ow #6a# #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%was %o# a% em"o0ee o #6e "e#$#$o%er beore 1 (a%/ar0 1992.

I% #6e ma$%, #6e $ss/e $% #6$s case $s w6e#6er "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was a% em"o0ee o "e#$#$o%e#6e "er$o) +arc6 11, 199- #o (a%/ar0 1, 1992.

T<e Co1ts R1:in

T6e "e#$#$o% $s mer$#or$o/s.

M*in Iss1e

!rivate Respondent %as Not an &mployee '(rin# t$e !eriod in Controversy

As a r/e, #6e NLRCs B%)$%s are accor)e) rea# res"ec#, e&e% B%a$#0, b0 #6$s Co/r#. T6$s r6owe&er, $s %o# w$#6o/# /a$Bca#$o%. T6$s Co/r# 6e) $% #iene1 v. 9!C"/















T6e re&$ew o abor cases ee&a#e) #o /s o% certiorari $s co%B%e) #o /es#$o%s o H/r$s)$c#$o% or ra&ab/se o )$scre#$o%." As a r/e, #6$s Co/r# )oes %o# re&$ew s/""ose) errors $% #6e )ec$s$o% o #6e Nw6$c6 ra$se ac#/a $ss/es, beca/se ac#/a B%)$% o ae%c$es eerc$s$% /as$=H/)$c$a /%c#$o%s areaccor)e) %o# o%0 res"ec# b/# e&e% B%a$#0, as$)e rom #6e co%s$)era#$o% #6a# #6e Co/r# $s esse%#$a%o# a #r$er o ac#s. 'owe&er, $% #6e case a# bar, a re&$ew o #6e recor)s #6ereo w$#6 a% assessme%# #6e ac#s $s %ecessar0 s$%ce #6e ac#/a B%)$%s o #6e NLRC a%) #6e abor arb$#er are a# o))s w$#6 eao#6er."7

I% #6e "rese%# case, a re&$ew o #6e ac#/a B%)$%s o #6e "/b$c res"o%)e%# $s $% or)er, or B%)$%s )$Ker rom #6ose o #6e abor arb$#er."8 ;orse #6e ac#s aee) b0 #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# re$e) /"o% b0 #6e "/b$c res"o%)e%# )o %o# "ro&e a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$"."$ I% #6$s $

we w$ re&$ew a%) o&err/e #6e B%)$%s o #6e NLRC.

T6e oow$% are e%era0 co%s$)ere) $% #6e )e#erm$%a#$o% o #6e e$s#e%ce o a% em"oem"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" <1> #6e ma%%er o seec#$o% a%) e%aeme%#, <2> #6e "a0me%# o waes, <3>"rese%ce or abse%ce o #6e "ower o )$sm$ssa, a%) <> #6e "rese%ce or abse%ce o #6e "oweco%#roM o #6ese o/r, #6e as# o%e $s #6e mos# $m"or#a%#.!

$n"a"eent and Pa'ent of a"es

Le# /s co%s$)er #6e c$rc/ms#a%ces o #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s e%aeme%# $% DRC beore (a%/1, 1992. Pe#$#$o%er )$) %o# ac# o% 6$s a""$ca#$o% or em"o0me%# as a ra)$o re"or#er beca/se "r$&res"o%)e%# a)m$##e)0 a$e) #o "rese%# a ceara%ce rom 6$s ormer em"o0er. Ne&er#6eess, "r$&res"o%)e%# &o/%#eere) 6$s ser&$ces, %ow$% #6a# 6e wo/) %o# be "a$) waes, a%) #6a# 6e 6a) #o o% B%a%c$a s"o%sors6$"s o b/s$%ess es#ab$s6me%#s #6a# wo/) be a)&er#$se) $% 6$s re"or#s. I% o#

wor)s, "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# w$$%0 ac#e) as a &o/%#eer re"or#er, /0 co%$a%# #6a# 6e was %o#em"o0ee a%) #6a# 6e wo/) %o# rece$&e a%0 com"e%sa#$o% )$rec#0 rom #6e "e#$#$o%er, b/# o%0 6$s ow% a)&er#$s$% s"o%sors.

T6e %a#/re o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s e%aeme%# $s e&$)e%# rom #6e a)a&$# o Aa% Amar$o Emer A%o%/e&o w6o ser&e) /%)er $)e%#$ca c$rc/ms#a%ces. T6e #wo arme) #6e oow$%

1. ;e "erso%a0 %ow S$meo% (/% +a"a, a &o/%#eer re"or#er a# DRC H/s# $e /sM

2. As a &o/%#eer re"or#ers we %ow s$c? #6a# we w$ %o# rece$&e a%0 saar0 or aowa%ce rom DRCbeca/se o/r wor was "/re0 &o/%#ar0M

3. As $%ce%#$&e or /s, #6e ma%aeme%# o DRC aowe) /s #o e# o/r ow% s"o%sors w6ose b/s$%es

es#ab$s6me%#s we me%#$o% e&er0 a#er s$c? Be) re"or# was ma)e b0 /sM

. D/r$% o/r s#$%# as &o/%#eer re"or#ers we 6a) se&era s"o%sors eac6 w6o "a$) /s P3--.-- "ermo%#6.!"

T6e abo&e s#a#eme%# $s corrobora#e) b0 Car$#o *a0o%, o%e o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s a)&er#$s"o%sors. I% 6$s a)a&$# )a#e) (/%e 1-, 1993, 6e a&erre)

2. I "erso%a0 %ow S$meo% (/% +a"a.

Some#$me $% +a0, 199-, 6e we%# #o me a%) ase) $ I co/) be o%e o 6$s s"o%sors beca/se he 5asaccoodated +' 8!C as volunteer reporter . 'e e"a$%e) #o me #6a#, 6e w$ %o# be rece$&$% a%0saar0 rom DRC,? 6e%ce, 6e was so$c$#$% m0 s/""or#M

3. Ta$% "$#0 o% 6$m, I aree) #o be o%e o 6$s s"o%sors. T6e co%)$#$o% was, I w$ 6a&e #o "a06$m P3--.--Jmo%#6. I% ec6a%e #6ere#o, 6e w$ 6a&e #o me%#$o% #6e %ame o m0 res#a/ra%#e&er0#$me 6e re%)ers a re"or# o% #6e a$rM















. +0 s"o%sors6$" as#e) or abo/# B&e <> mo%#6s a#er w6$c6 I )$sco%#$%/e) $# w6e% I rare0 6ear) (+a"a $% DRC "roram.!!

I%)ee), "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# 6$mse a)m$##e) #a# 6e wore) /%)er #6e sa$) c$rc/ms#a%ces. T6e )a#a s6ee# s$%e) b0 +a"a 6$mse, $% w6$c6 6e ac%owe)e) #6a# 6e was %o# a% em"o0ee, s#a#e"ar#

;or e"er$e%ces

D;G; . Re"or#erJNewscas#er 197-=198-

DG* . Re"or#er 1983=199-

DRC . Re"or#er 199-=1991

for free not reco"ni1ed due to no appointent.!3

<%)erscor$% s/""$e).>

I% 6$s e##er )a#e) !c#ober 7, 1991, w6$c6 6e se%# #o #6e e%era ma%aer o F$$"$%as *roa)casNe#wor <ow%er o DRC>, +a"a aa$% ac%owe)e) $% #6e oow$% wor)s #6a# 6e was %o#em"o0ee

I am s$c? +r. S$meo% +a"a, (r. res"ec#/0 re/es# 0o/r oo) oce #o reco%s$)er m0 "re&$o/sa""$ca#$o% s/bm$##e) as# +arc6 199- as a re"or#er o DRC A+.

+a0 I $%orm 0o/ #6a# s$%ce #6e s/bm$ss$o% o s/c6 a""$ca#$o% 5or;ed until Septe+er , 3II3 forfree of services JsicK. Hopin" that ll +e "iven the chance to +e reco"ni1ed as a re"ular reporter .

;$#6 #6$s, I res"ec#/0 w$s6 #o oow /" m0 a""$ca#$o% or reco%$#$o%. <I#a$cs s/""$e).>

T6ere $s %o $%)$ca#$o% #6a# #6ese #wo c$rc/ms#a%ces were ma)e /%)er )/ress. I%)ee), "r$&res"o%)e%# 6$mse )$) %o# )$s"/#e #6e$r &o/%#ar$%ess or &erac$#0. I# $s cear #6a# 6e re%)ere) ser&%ow$% #6a# 6e was %o# a% em"o0ee. Aware #6a# 6e wo/) %o# be "a$) waes, 6e )escr$be) 6$msea &o/%#eer re"or#er w6o was, as e&$)e%# rom 6$s e##er, 6o"$% or #6e c6a%ce #o be reco%$e) are/ar re"or#er. I% ac#, "e#$#$o%er ac#e) a&orab0 o% #6$s e##er a%) acce"#e) 6$s a""$ca#$o% as

em"o0ee eKec#$&e o% (a%/ar0 1, 1992.

!o)er o 'ismissal

L$ew$se, #6e e&$)e%ce o% recor) s6ows #6a# "e#$#$o%er )$) %o# eerc$se #6e "ower #o )$sm"r$&a#e res"o%)e%# )/r$% #6e "er$o) $% /es#$o%. $% Se"#ember 1991, Pr$&a#e Res"o%)e%# +a"a ceaac#$% as a &o/%#eer re"or#er, %o# beca/se 6e was Bre) , b/# beca/se 6e s#o""e) se%)$% 6$s re"oI%ac$o Cas$, !ce S/"er&$sor o DRC, )ecare) $% 6$s a)a&$# #6a# +a"a #o) 6$m #6a# 6e w/$##$% area)0 beca/se 6$s s"o%sors were %o o%er "a0$% 6$m o s$c? 6$s mo%#60 co%#rac# w#6em. +a"a )$) %o# co%#ro&er# #6$s s#a#eme%#. I% ac#, 6$s aoresa$) e##er o !c#ober 17, 1e"resse) 6$s 6o"e o be$% $&e% #6e c6a%ce #o be reco%$e) as a re/ar re"or#er. Pr$&

res"o%)e%#s a##$#/)e $% sa$) e##er $s $%co%s$s#e%# w$#6 #6e %o#$o% #6a# 6e 6a) bee% )$sm$sse).

Mapa %as Not *(b+ect to Control o !etitioner

T6e mos# cr/c$a #es# #6e co%#ro #es# )emo%s#ra#es a #oo cear0 #6e abse%ce o a% em"oem"o0ee rea#$o%s6$". No o%e a# #6e DRC 6a) #6e "ower #o re/a#e or co%#ro "r$&a#e res"o%)eac#$&$#$es or $%"/#s. %$e #6e re/ar re"or#ers, 6e was %o# s/bHec# #o a%0 s/"er&$s$o% b0 "e#$#$o%e







$#s oc$as. Re/ar re"or#ers are re/$re) b0 #6e "e#$#$o%er #o a)6ere #o a "roram sc6ew6$c6 )e$%ea#es #6e #$me w6e% #6e0 are #o re%)er #6e$r re"or#s, as we as #6e #o"$c #o be re"o/"o%. T6e s/bs#a%ce o #6e$r re"or#s are s$c? o#e%#$mes scree%e) b0 #6e s#a#$o% "r$or #o #6e$r? aca$r$%. I% co%#ras#, &o/%#eer re"or#ers are %e&er $&e% s/c6 a "roram sc6e)/e b/# are mea)&$se) #o $%orm #6e s#a#$o% o #6e re"or#s #6e0 wo/) mae rom #$me #o #$me.!0

I%)ee), DRC, #6e "e#$#$o%ers ra)$o s#a#$o% , eerc$se) %o e)$#or$a r$6#s o&er 6$s re"or#s. 'e %o Be) )a0 or #$me or ma$% 6$s re"or#sM $% ac#, 6e was %o# re/$re) #o re"or# a%0#6$% a#;6e#6er 6e wo/) a$r a%0#6$% )e"e%)e) e%#$re0 o% 6$m a%) 6$s co%&e%$e%ce.

T6e abse%ce o "e#$#$o%ers co%#ro o&er "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# $s ma%$es# rom #6e swor% s#a#eme%#6e #rac ma%aer o "e#$#$o%er, I%ac$o Cas$, w6o )e"ose) $% "ar#

. (/% +a"a, H/s# $e #6e o#6er &o/%#eer re"or#ers, was %o# ob$e) #o re%)er Be) re"or#s, a# a"ar#$c/ar #$me a%) $% a "ar#$c/ar "roram. T6e0 re%)er re"or# as #6e0 w$s6 or see B#M

. T6e ma%aeme%# <DRC> )oes %o# coec# a%0#6$% rom #6e s"o%sors o (/% +a"a. T6e0 <s"o%sor"a0 )$rec#0 #o 6$mM

. *e$% #6e !ce S/"er&$sor, I %ow or a ac# #6a# (/% +a"a se)om re%)ers re"or# o% #6e a$r. 'e 6%o ass$%e) "roram e$#6er. 'e was o% a%) oK #6e a$r, so #o s"eaM

7. F$%a0, some #$me $% Se"#ember, 1991, (/% +a"a #o) me #6a# 6e $s /$##$% area)0 beca/se 6$ss"o%sors were %o o%er "a0$% 6$m o 6$s mo%#60 co%#rac# w$#6 #6em.

I% $nc'clopedia Britannica (Philippines) nc., v. 9!C,!/ we re$#era#e) #6a# #6ere co/) beem"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" w6ere #6e eeme%# o co%#ro $s abse%#M w6ere a "erso% w6o worsa%o#6er )oes so more or ess a# 6$s ow% "eas/re a%) $s %o# s/bHec# #o )eB%$#e 6o/rs or co%)$#$o%worM? a%) $% #/r% $s com"e%sa#e) accor)$% #o #6e res/# o 6$s eKor#s a%) %o# #6e amo/%# #6ereos6o/) %o# B%) #6a# #6e rea#$o%s6$" o em"o0er=em"o0ee e$s#s. I% #6e "rese%# case, "r$&res"o%)e%# wore) a# 6$s ow% "eas/re a%) was? %o# s/bHec# #o )eB%$#e 6o/rs or co%)$#$o%s o wor

&vidence "o(nd by NLRC Not pplicable

I% $#s #wo="ae! 6o)$% #6a# #6ere was a% em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$", #6e NLRC re$e)#6e oow$%

<1> #6e "a0ro or Febr/ar0 1 #o 29, 1992,

<2> #6e ID car) $ss/e) #o 6$m as em"o0ee a%) re/ar re"or#er b0 #6e res"o%)e%#,

<3> #6e "roram sc6e)/es o DRC s6ow$% #6e re/ar "roram o #6e s#a#$o% $%)$ca#$% %ame

<> #6e a)a&$# o A%#o%$o Lare%a, "roram s/"er&$sor o DRC, s#a#$% #6a# 6e was? /%)

6$s s/"er&$s$o%, a%)

<> #6e $s# o re"or#$% a)e#s $ss/e) #o a re/ar re"or#er.

!#6er #6a% #6e $#ems e%/mera#e) abo&e, %o o#6er )oc/me%# was co%s$)ere) b0 #6e NLRC. I% owor)s, $#s co%c/s$o% was base) soe0 o% #6ese aee) "$eces o e&$)e%ce. I# cear0 comm$##e) rab/se o )$scre#$o% $% $#s ac#/a B%)$%s, beca/se a #6e abo&e )oc/me%#s rea#e #o #6e "er$o) (a%/1, 1992 #o Febr/ar0 28, 1992 a%) %o# #o #6e "er$o) +arc6 11, 199- #o (a%/ar0 1, 1992 w6$c6$%c/s$&e )a#es $% co%#ro&ers0.










T6e "a0ro!7 rom Febr/ar0 1, 1992 #o Febr/ar0 27, 1992 )oes %o# )emo%s#ra#e #6a# "r$&res"o%)e%# was a% em"o0ee "r$or #o sa$) "er$o). Les# $# be oro##e%, #6e /es#$o% $% #6$s case "er##o #6e s#a#/s o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# rom +arc6 11, 199- #o (a%/ar0 1, 1992. T6e sa$) "a0ro m"ro&e #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was a% em"o0ee )/r$% sa$) )a0s $% Febr/ar0 1992, b/# %o# or"er$o) w6$c6 $s #6e s/bHec# o #6e "rese%# co%#ro&ers0.

F/r#6ermore, %e$#6er #6e $)e%#$Bca#$o% car)s %or #6e SSS %/mber "r$%#e) a# #6e bac #6e$%)$ca#e #6e )a#e o $ss/a%ce. L$ew$se, #6e SSS %/mber )oes %o# s6ow #6a# 6e was a member )/#6e "er$o) $% co%#ro&ers0M m/c6 ess, #6a# 6e became so b0 reaso% o 6$s em"o0me%# w$#6 "e#$#$o%e

S$m$ar0 $%a""$cabe $s #6e "roram sc6e)/e!8 w6$c6 aee)0 s6owe) #6e re/ar "roram#6e s#a#$o% a%) $%)$ca#e) #6e %ame o "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# as a% em"o0ee. T6e )oc/me%# $s a m

"6o#oco"0 o a #0"ewr$##e% sc6e)/e. T6ere $s abso/#e0 %o $%)$c$/m o $#s a/#6e%#$c$#0. +oreo&er,/%)a#e)M 6e%ce, $# )oes %o# $%)$ca#e w6e#6er s/c6 sc6e)/e "er#a$%e) #o #6e "er$o) $% )$s/"#e, #6a+arc6 11, 199- #o (a%/ar0 1, 1992. ;orse, #6e 6ea)$% #6ereo was e%#$#e) Ra)$o DProramm$% Proposal. $#a$cs s/""$e)? A "ro"osa $s "/# or#6 mere0 or co%s$)era#$o% acce"#a%ce.!$ I# ca%%o#, b0 $#se, "ro&e #6a# s/c6 "roram was $m"eme%#e) a%) #6a# "r$&res"o%)e%# ac#e) as a% em"o0ee o "e#$#$o%er.

Ne$#6er )oes #6e $s# o re#/r%e) a)e#s s/""or# #6e co%c/s$o% o #6e NLRC. I# m/s# be s#res#6a# s/c6 a)e#s were esse%#$a #o e%abe #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# #o access #6e s"ec$Bc rre/e%c0 a%) ca$$#$es o #6e ra)$o s#a#$o%. *e$% ec/s$&e "ro"er#$es o #6e ra)$o s#a#$o%, sa)e#s co/) %o# 6a&e bee% "/rc6ase), as #6e0 were %o# commerc$a0 a&a$abe. I% a%0 e&e%#, #6eo re#/r%e) a)e#s was )a#e) Febr/ar0 27, 1997 == aa$%, a )a#e %o# $% co%#ro&ers0. S/c6 )oc/mb0 $#se, )oes %o# "ro&e #6a# "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was a% em"o0ee rom +arc6 2-, 199- #o (a%/ar0

1992. T6e a)a&$# o A%#o%$o Lare%a3, a% em"o0ee o DRC, s#a#$% #6a# #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#

/%)er 6$s s/"er&$s$o%, $s &a/e, e&e% m$sea)$%M $# )ecar$% mere0 #6a# Lare%a was $% c6are o res"o%)e%#. S/c6 a%/ae co/) %o# be co%s#r/e) #o mea% #6a# 6e eerc$se) s/"er&$s$o% a%) co%o&er "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#.

I%)/b$#ab0, #6e NLRC base) $#s B%)$%s o em"o0er=em"o0ee rea#$o%s6$" rom #6e c$rc/ms#a%a##e%)a%# w6e% "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was area)0 a re/ar em"o0ee. %co%#ro&er#e) $s #6e s#a#em#6a# #6e "r$&a#e res"o%)e%# was a re/ar em"o0ee rom (a%/ar0 1, 1992 #o Febr/ar0 28, 1992,w6$c6 "er$o) 6e rece$&e) a em"o0ee be%eB#s. */# s/c6 "er$o), $# m/s# be s#resse) aa$%, $s co&ere) b0 "r$&a#e res"o%)e%#s com"a$%#.

I% s/m, #6e e&$)e%ce, w6$c6 P/b$c Res"o%)e%# NLRC re$es /"o%, )oes %o# H/s#$0 #6e re&ersa#6e abor arb$#ers r/$% w6$c6, $% #/r%, we B%) am"0 s/""or#e) b0 #6e recor)s. Cear0, "r$&res"o%)e%# was %o# a% em"o0ee )/r$% #6e "er$o) $% /es#$o%.

;'EREF!RE, #6e "e#$#$o% $s 6ereb0 GRANTED a%) #6e assa$e) Dec$s$o% a%) Reso/#$o% are 6eSET ASIDE. T6e !r)er o #6e Labor Arb$#er )a#e) !c#ober 13, 1993 )$sm$ss$% #6e case or ac o m$s 6ereb0 REINSTATED. No cos#s.

SO ORDERED.

8avide,#r., (Chairan), Bellosillo, itu", a%) Euisu+in", ##., co%c/r.












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Labor Cases Batch 1