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Lesson 22 - �� Cases of Diptotes - �� !

Introduction – "# �$��%��In this lesson, we will learn the cases of the Diptotes In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing) i.e.,

:�� # �� '� ��()*� �� !Unlike the ordinary nouns, "The Diptotes" do not take the double vowel mark. Similarly, Diptotes do

not take the genitive case /Kasrah/.

In the previous lessons we learnt the situations when a noun is in Genitive Case i.e.:

When it is /Maĵrūr/ +��, �, i.e., when it is preceded by a preposition (Lesson No. 4 section

3), and

When it is a possessed (annexed) noun �-�.��! +�� /�� of the Possessive (Annexation)Expression (Lesson No. 5 section 2)

In these situations the noun takes genitive case i.e., Single /Kasrah/ if it is definite �0�. 1�� anddouble /Kasrah/ if it is indefinite 2��,�3 � ��4.However diptotes �� are the nouns which take /fatħah/ instead of a /Kasrah/

if in genitive case. We have already learnt in the previous lesson i.e., (Lesson 20 section 4) that

Diptotes are those nouns or adjectives which never take /tanwīn/ i.e., Double Vowel Mark. So

whenever a diptote noun is preceded by a preposition or is /Muđâf Ilaihi/ it will take a /fatħah/

instead of a /Kasrah/ so if we say for example Ahmad's book i.e., � ��5�6 �� 7�8Previously we have learnt only one situation when a noun takes the accusative case (Lesson 15

section 6) and that is:

When the noun is object of a verbal sentence "9��: � i.e., �;5�<:�= +�� > �?�8�6However, since the diptote does not take /tanwīn/, if it is used as the object of a verbal sentence it

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will take a single /fatħah/ instead of double vowels e.g., @A B��8 ��C� 3 � +��D��E �� F We will learn these rules in more detail in the next sections In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing)



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Cases of Diptotes - �� !In this part of the lesson, we will learn the cases of the Diptotes In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing) i.e.,

�� " �� #� ��$%&� �� !Unlike the ordinary nouns, "The Diptotes" do not take double vowel mark. Similarly, Diptotes do not

take /Kasrah/ in the genitive case.

We know that the noun takes the genitive case i.e., single /Kasrah/ if it is definite – e.g. ��" �� '�� and double /Kasrah/ if it is indefinite e.g. (��'�) � ��*, when it is in the possessive

expression (annexation) or when it is preceded by a preposition.

However diptotes �� take /fatħah/ instead of a /Kasrah/ if in genitive case. We have already learnt in the previous lesson i.e., (Lesson 20 section 4) that Diptotes are those

nouns or adjectives which never take /tanwīn/ i.e., Double Vowel Mark. So whenever a diptote noun

is preceded by a preposition or is /Muđâf Ilaihi/ it will take a /fatħah/ instead of a /Kasrah/ - for

example - Ahmad's book i.e., � ��+�, �� -�.The same is the case with all the other groups of diptotes we have learnt so far.

Let’s take some examples for this rule:

English Transliteration Arabic

Where are you from? /Min aina Anta/? / 0��, ��1�, ��


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I am from Pakistan

/Ana min Bakistan/

�� ,�� -�)�.� 2.

What is your name?

My name is Anwar

/Mas muka/?

/Ismi Anwaro/

/ 4��$� � �

��$�� ,.

With whom did you

return?

I returned with Athar,

he is my friend

/Maξa man rajaξta/?

/Rajaξtu maξa Aŧhar,

huwa ŝadīqī/

/ 0� 5 � �� 6 �

6 � �0� 5 � � 78�, ��9� :.��;1�� <

What did you eat in

the meal?

I ate a fish

/Mādhā akalta fil

ghadā’i/?

/Akaltu samakatan/

/�#� � =�� * 0>�.�, ��?� �

.@"�A � $ �0>�.�,

Talha neither drinks in

golden nor silver cups.

/ ŧalħatu lā yashrabua fī

fanaĵīna dhahabiyyatin

walā fī fanaĵīna

fiđđiyyatin/

B�5� ��* ��* �� 1 C D" E>�8.("�FGH�* B�5� ��* ��* C � ("�F�I 9�?





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Exercise - "#$�� %In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles we have

learnt In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Willing). To answer the questions:

o Type the complete answer for the following questions by selecting the question and using the

on-screen keyboard or your actual keyboard.

o Use the Shift key to enter characters on the upper portions of the letters and use full

diacritics in your answers – e.g. fathah, kasrah, sukūn etc.

o Do not use diacritics in the following cases:

§ The Alif followed by laam &� (while the laam itself can be signed with a vowel)

§ The laam followed by alif ' (while the Alif itself can be signed when it comes with

hamzah).

§ Do not put the small Alif on words like �()*. § Do not put diacritics on long vowels.

o Upon completion of all questions, click on the Mark button to see the correct answer and to

get your mark.

· For more instructions click here.


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�+� ��,�-�� .� ��/ �0�1 2 3 � �4 5��6�� 7 �8�9�� 4 :� 6�; ��<��;The Arabic sentence above means "Rewrite the following paragraph including the vowel endings of

the words". In each of the words below simply type the word again using the keyboard (as above)

with the vowel-marks and punctuation.

Mark Reset

= �> �� : � ?@$�� : A��! �B�1 *�= C��D E �F�1�G .C7 I��; ��;� ��/ A��! �B�1 *�=.� �� A��! �B�1 *��J .C��D�E�/ �4 5�� K �F�1�G 7��L � ?C��D�E�/ �4�K��,�K �F�1�G M� ��N : �+��J��O P� � Q�� R�S �� +

��; T� 5�E�/ U�� .�7 �� 4 �$�� O �U�� 1�� R�S �� 4V- �"P��,G�/ U�� .W7 IF$�M� � � X4 �S�% � ?CP��,G�/ X4 S�� . U�� .Y�L� ��O � Z5�%��9 � � F$�M� � � �?Z5�%��9 � X4 :��/ � ?

Y�L� ��O X4�K��,�K �

Mark Reset





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Cases of Diptotes - �� !In this section, we will learn the accusative case of diptotes In-Shā’-Allâh (God Willing):

Previously we have learnt only one situation when a noun takes the accusative case and that is:

When the noun is the object of a verbal sentence "#��$ � i.e.,�%&�'�$�( )�� * �+�,�-However, since the diptote does not take a /tanwīn/, if it is used as the object of a verbal

sentence it will take a single /fatħah/ instead of double vowels e.g., ��.� / � )��0��1 �� 234 5��,

Let’s review some examples to understand this rule:

Picture Translation Arabic

Yusuf entered buildings �+ * 6�7�8��9.�#�2� � �

The guests went out of hotels �� ;<=�� > � * ?�6� ��@.


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I bought wooden desks �A�9 � B�C�� D�(��E �.3F�;�G � *

Nasir took the keys of the

house

)��H� � �I *�- J;�(��$ �.�A�; G��

The boy bought a black pen �%��K�L �� M � B�C�� 6 ��8�-.





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Exercise - "#$�� %In this section, we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles we have









hamzah).



get your mark.



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:�, -�%.� �/� ��0�10�� 2��3�� ,�� 4 �#�567�· The Arabic sentence above means "Write the genitive case for the following words". For each of the

sentences, type out the full sentence using the words below and include the vowel marks.

Mark Reset

8�9� ��:��(The Hotels)

��0�;��(The Muslims)

��<� ; �Mosques

#�576(Books)

=-�>� � �(Lamps)

[email protected]�B(Pens)

��C0 ��(The Teachers)

/� �� 3��(The Universities)

Mark Reset





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Exercise - "#$�� %In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles we have









hamzah).



get your mark.



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+��! � ,��-�� % �./0 �1� ��2�3�� 4� ��5 �6�7 8 9 � �: �;�<�� =�( * �#�>?/��@�$�AB�2�C��D� The Arabic sentence above means "Write this paragraph including the vowel marks of the words and

then translate it into English". Please write the translation on a paper before checking your answer.

This will be followed by vocabulary. To hear the pronunciation of any of the words or vocabulary,

click on the word/ sentence.

Mark Reset

.F� ��G�5 @ G��5 �H�� I .@ ��J � ,��K� .@ KL� �� H> -�� M .#B�7�N �� I: A�� I :�.�*>�C�� #��N � ��I�5 .�� 7��N : A�� I � � ��I�5 ..B�*� ��G�! � � ��I�5 � @ P2�N �: A�� I � ��,

�Q�R�? #��N

� ST ��M�5 .�2�U ��( * � S� ��I�5 .�2�U ��( * :VQU�5 @ R�� 4 W�� :X�K��$ �&��U.�2�U ��( *Y B�G�5 .�2�U ��( * � SZ ��K�5 .�2�U ��( * � S� [�4�5

\� ><�� ( * � S@�]��̂ �� \�><�� ( * .: _��? `B�%��< � W�� :@ P2�N �&��U��( * � S@ 7B�; P�� : ��B�R�� \� ><��

@�2B�2�U T�Z� ��] � S: _��? �� -� R � � ��2 G ��] :�� B<�K �&��U

Mark Reset





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Revision – "# $� ��In this lesson we have learnt the following things:

The declension of the diptotes in the accusative case (as a direct object of the nominal

sentence)

The declension of the diptotes in the genitive case (after a preposition or in Iđâfa

expression (annexation))

Vocabulary Revision – �%� & �'�� (# $� ��

Fish "#�) � * The meal +,� � -��

Golden (#�.�/ 012�� Paris �34�� 5

London (� �� Jeddah (6��$

The guests ��.78�� Wooden "#�.�/ � 9

Now that you have covered this lesson, please also try some of the additional features we have

including:


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o Discussion Forum– Discuss the grammatical topics learnt and any areas of confusion.

o Vocabulary Flashcards– Practice your vocabulary by category.

o Questions Flashcards– Practice questions related to the grammatical topics covered in the

lessons.

We will be updating the features above to help you throughout the course In-Shā’-Allâh (God

willing).

Next Lesson





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