L ON W ORKS Network Design Overview. Welcome! 1-2

LONWORKS Network Design

Overview

Welcome!1-2

1-3 Course Objectives

• Identify network architectures • Select and install network infrastructure

components• Select and install network devices• Program the network by configuring

devices and connecting network variables

• Commission devices• Test and verify network devices and

channels• Optimize network and device

performance• Document the network design• Maintain the network

IMPLEMENT THE NETWORK

IdentifyArchitectures

Select NetworkComponents

Install PhysicalNetwork

ProgramNetwork

CommissionNetwork

Test and VerifyNetwork

OptimizeNetwork

DocumentNetwork

MaintainNetwork

DOCUMENT AND MAINTAIN

PLAN THE NETWORK

TEST AND OPTIMIZE

LONWORKS Technology Overview

2-2 Objectives

Review the following LONWORKS Technology concepts:à Control Networksà LONWORKS Benefitsà LONMARK Internationalà LONWORKS Terminologyà LonTalk Protocolà Basic LONWORKS Componentsà Device Interface Componentsà LONWORKS Network Services (LNS®)

Control Networks1st Generation

1st Generation

Centralized Architecture• Centrally located processor• No integrated intelligence• Single point of failure

Master/Slaveà A single master control device or

panel makes the control decisionsà Master controller continuously polls

input devices for values and directs output devices to play values

à Single point of failureà Difficult to expandà Costly to install – more wiring

needed to connect sensors and actuators

à Proprietary programming model

2-3

Control Networks2nd Generation

Networked PLCs• Distributed intelligence• Centrally located processor• Single point of failure reduced

2nd GenerationDecentralized Master/Slave

à Added network programable logic controllers (PLCs) between central processor and devices

à Single master control device makes the control decisions

à Master controller continuously polls PLCs for values and directs output devices to play values

à Greatly reduced wiring requirementà Reduced point of failureà Proprietary programming model

2-4

Control Networks3rd Generation

Decentralized Automation• Distributed intelligence• Intelligent nodes/devices• No central processor needed• Single point of failure eliminated• Reduced wiring requirement

Can remove after installation

complete

Monitoring and control can be added at any

point

3rd GenerationPeer-to-Peer

à Distributed control intelligence within all control devices

à No single point of failureà Easy to expand and add more

devicesà Less costly wiring installation

No home I/O wiring runsà Event driven

Devices publish control information to the network

2-5

The Origins of LONWORKS Technology

• Local Operating Network• Echelon founded in 1988 by AC

‘Mike’ Markulaà CEO of Apple Computer

• First Neuron Chip shipped in 1991• Echelon is a global company

à 250+ employeesà Nasdaq listed ELONà 100+ products

• LonTalk is an implementation of an open protocol international standardà ISO/IEC 14908-1

à ANSI/CEA 709.1Bà EN14908-1

2-6

2-7Benefits of the LONWORKS Platform

• Robust, reliable, proven everyday device networking protocol on a single inexpensive microchip

• Distributed control with reduced single point of failure

• Manufacturers of smart everyday devices can get to market quickly

• End users no longer locked into single supplier

• Integrators can choose best of breed devices

• LonTalk ISO/IEC 14908-1 protocol is media independent

• LONWORKS tools operate on multiple computer platforms

• Multi-industry standards group ensure interoperability – LONMARK International

• Overall result – à Lower costsà Decreased complexityà Flexibility for changes

and expansionà More options

Open Systems

• To ensure an open interoperable system is deliveredà All application-specific controllers should be LONMARK

certified à Network architecture should follow the LONMARK Open

Systems Architecture definition.• Benefits

à Ability to chose between multiple vendorsà Affordable and economical service and system expansionà Sub-system and device-level expansion at any timeà Full choice of service providersà Facilitate interoperability with other vendors / systemsà Plethora of choicesà Flexible, expandable automation

2-8

LONMARK International Making Plug-and-Play A Reality

• LonMark International is a global membership organization created to promote and advance the business of efficient and effective integration of open, multi-vendor control systems utilizing ISO/IEC 14908-1 and related standards.

2-9

Who is LONMARK International?

• Manufacturers, distributors, engineers, system integrators and end-users

• California based non-profit corporation.• Over 500 members worldwide• Over 750 certified interoperable products• Over 70 approved functional profiles• Oversees open systems professional certification

The word LONMARK itself is a trade association symbol

2-10

LONMARK - A Virtual Who’s Who in Control Networking

Look for the LONMARK Label

• Ensures that products will interoperate in the most efficient and economical way possible in an open, integrated control system

• Includes the number designating the latest version of the LONMARK Interoperability Guidelines as shown here.

• Certifies product conformance following technical guidelines and standards developed by industry specific task groups

à SFP - standard functional profilesà SNVT - standard network variable typesà SCPT - standard configuration property typesà Provides a resource of device information à Controllers, actuators and application-specific

devices can be LONMARK Certified

2-12

A-3 LON Speak

• LONWORKS• LonTalk • LNS• LONMARK• LonMaker• LonPoints• Network Integrator• Neuron Chip• Device/Node• i.LON• Domain/Subnet/Node• Client/Server

• Channel• Network Variable• Binding• Configuration Property • Functional Profile• Functional Block• Plug-In• External Interface File (XIF)• SFPT or SFP• SNVT• UNVT• SCPT and UCPT

2-13LONWORKS – Distributed Control Intelligence

• Puts the control intelligence inside the device where the control happens

• Each device may subdivide multiple control functionality into objects called functional blocksà Could be I/O, controller, system wide

functions or a combination• Any device can communicate with any

other device using standard data types• Can create large, powerful and flexible

networks across LANs and WANs• Reduces installation costs compared to

Master/Slave systems

Analog

EnableMode

Feedback

0 -10V O u t

Analog

2 -20m A InDigita l

B ina ry In

D1D2D3D4

Digita l_O ut

Mode_O ut

E ncode r

A1A2

Digita l

A_O ut

D igita l_O ut

F unc tion B lock

Contro l D igita lAnalog

C oun te rFeedbackDigita l

EnableMode

B ina ry O u tpu t

Day

DebugEnableDebugNext

T ime Event_O ut

E ven t S chedu le r

Auto_Man

Enable

Man_Value

Mode

PVSP

Auto_Man_O ut

CVSP_Out

P ID C on tro lle r

SetT imeDayDST

Time

R ea ltim e C lock

Data_In Data_O ut

Trans la to r

• Flat LonWorks architectures allow devices to communicate with each other without passing data through central controller

2-14LONWORKS Network Program

• The network image is a collection of configured devices and their associated connections (aka network variable bindings)

• A network management tool is initially required to configure device behavior and define the network variable connectionsà When the tool is finished it can go

away!• LONWORKS uses an event driven control

process

Analog

EnableMode

Feedback

0-10V Out

Analog

0-20mA In

Digital

Binary In

D1D2D3D4

Digital_Out

Mode_Out

Encoder

A1A2

Digital

A_Out

Digital_Out

Function Block

Control DigitalAnalog

Counter

FeedbackDigital

EnableMode

Binary Output

Day

DebugEnableDebugNext

Time Event_Out

Event Scheduler

Auto_Man

Enable

Man_Value

Mode

PVSP

Auto_Man_Out

CVSP_Out

PID Controller

SetTimeDayDST

Time

Realtime Clock

Data_In Data_Out

Translator

Analog

2-20mA In

A1A2

Digital

A_Out

Digital_Out

Function Block

Analog

EnableMode

Feedback

4-20mA Out

Analog

0-10V In

2-14 LonTalk Protocol

• Communications protocol - language of LONWORKS

• Open and published standard available to anyone

à ISO/IEC 14908-1 (ANSI/CEA 709.1)• Designed for control applications -

not data applications• Includes all 7 layers of the ISO Open

Systems Interconnection Reference Model

• Implemented on all LONWORKS devices through Neuron Chip or equivalent processor

• Media independent

Physical Connection

Media Access

Addressing and Routing

Message Service

Network Management

Network Variables

Neuron C Program

1

2

4

5

6

7

3

Physical

Data Link

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Network

Physical Media

2-15 LonTalk Standards

• ISO/IEC 14908-1à Open Data Communication in

Building Automation, Controls and Building Management

• ANSI/CEA-709.1-Bà Control Network Protocol

Specification• EN 14908-1:2005

à Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management

• GB/Z 20177.1-2006à Control Network LonWorks

Technology Specification • IEEE 1473

à Standard for Communications Protocol Aboard Trains

Physical Connection

Media Access

Addressing and Routing

Message Service

Network Management

Network Variables

Neuron C Program

1

2

4

5

6

7

3

Physical

Data Link

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Network

Physical Media

ISO/IEC 14908 and Related Control Standards

International Electrotechnical Commission

International Organization for Standardization

• ISO/IEC 14908-1Part 1: Protocol Stackà ANSI/CEA-709.1-B-2000à EN 14908-1:2005à GB/Z 20177.1-2006

• ISO/IEC 14908-2Part 2: Twisted Pair Communication à ANSI/CEA-709.3à EN 14908-2à GB/Z 20177.3

• ISO/IEC 14908-3Part 3: Power Line Channel Specification à ANSI/CEA-709.2à EN 14908-3à GB/Z 20177.2

• ISO/IEC 14908-4Part 4: IP Communication à ANSI/CEA-852à EN 14908-4à GB/Z 20177.4

2-16

ISO/IEC 14908 Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management – Control Network Protocol

2-17LONWORKS Network Elements

• Channelà Media that devices

communicate over• Device

à Actuator, sensor, controller or combination

à LONMARK Certified or compliant

• Network Toolà Network management toolà Human machine interface

(HMI)à Protocol analysis

Channel

Network ToolDevice

Network Integration/ Management Tools

• Install devices on a network and enable them to become active participants in the network byà Assigning logical network addressesà Binding network variable connectionsà Configuring devicesà Commissioning devices

• Required for non-self installed networks

Also referred to as Network Integration Tools

2-18

2-19 Network Variables

• The dynamic data sent or received by network devices

• Create the logical interface to the network

• Signal-type independent – temperature, pressure, volume, flow, etc.

• SNVTs are standard network variable types as defined by LONMARKà Known and documented

structure, size, range, resolution and scaling for each field.

• UNVTs (user network variable types) are manufacturer defined

Open Loop SensorObject Type #1

nvoValueSNVT_temp

nvoRawHWDataSNVT_count

nvoPresetSNVT_preset

nviPresetFbSNVT_preset

nc17 - Location Labelnc31 - Gainnc26 - Offsetnc20 - Max Rangenc23 - Min Range...

MandatoryNetworkVariables

OptionalNetworkVariables

OptionalConfigurationProperties

2-20 Configuration Properties

• Define device’s operating or application behavior such as setpoint, high limits, throttle.

• SCPTs are standard configuration property types defined by LONMARKà Known and documented

structure, format, range, etc.à SCPT Master List available

on www.lonmark.org• UCPTs (user configuration

property types) are manufacturer defined


nvoValueSNVT_temp








2-21 Functional Blocks

• Defines a single function within a device – sensor, actuator or controller

• Devices can include multiple functional blocks

• Include network variables (NV) and configuration properties (CP)

• Standard Functional Profiles (SFP) are templates defined by LONMARK which describe the application-layer interface

• User-defined functional profiles (UFP) represent manufacturer specific control functions

Analog

Discharge Air Setpoint

Analog

EnableMode

Feedback

HotWaterValve

Analog

Discharge Air TempEnable

PVSP

CV

PID- 1

nvoCoolOutputnvoEffectSetptnvoHeatOutput

nvoSetpointnvoSpaceTemp

nvoUnitStatus

nviApplicModenviFanOnAutonviOccCmdnviSetpointnviSpaceTempnviTime

Honeywell T7300

Analog

Room Temp

Digital

Occupancy Sensor

Analog

SetPoint Adjust

nviAgEnablenviAgLatchEnbl

nvoAgAlarmFlag

nviAgInputnviAgCompare

nvoAgAlarm

Temperature Alarm

schOut1schOut2

Scheduler

nviAnEnablenviAnWeekdaynviAnWeekendnviAnAlarm

nvoAnAlmFlag

Alarm Notifier

DischargeTemOccupancyRoomSetPtRoomTemp

Data Logger

RoomTempDischAirTempDischAirSetPHotWaterValvOccupancyRoomSetPt

Web Server


nvoValueSNVT_temp








2-22LONMARK Standard Functional Profiles - SFP

• Describe in detail the application-layer interface required on interoperable LONMARK devices for specific, commonly used control functions

• Ensure interoperability by definingà Mandatory and optional SNVTsà Mandatory and optional SCPTsà Default and power-up behaviors

• A device’s primary function must be based on SFP if it is to be certified to the LONMARK Interoperability Guidelines.

• To be LONMARK certified, a device must contain one or more SFP

• Every SFP must include at least one network variable or configuration property


nvoValueSNVT_temp








Device Interface Elements

• Device Interface Elementsà Functional Blocksà Network Variablesà Configuration Propertiesà Hardware characteristics

• Device External Interface File (.XIF)à Created by device

manufacturerà Spawned from the device

application program

2-23

Demonstration: LONWORKS Resources

• LONMARK Web site à SNVT/SCPT master listà Interoperability guidelinesà Functional profilesà Case study examples

2-25LNS® – LONWORKS Network Services

• Network management platform

• Foundation for open and interoperable networks

• Provides unified functions - directory, installation, management, monitoring and control services to a Windows program

• Client/server architectures

• Supports open configuration tools from multiple vendors

• Multiple personnel can simultaneously access network and application management services and data from any number of client tools

• Provides access to any point of network information from any point on the network

• LNS based tools include resource files

2-26 LNS Server

• Maintains network database of project data stored in standardized format

• Enables and coordinates multiple points of access to its services and data

• Must be present on the network whenever management operations are performed

LNS

Serv

erU

tility

LNS Server

Local Client Application(s)

LNS

Tool

LNS

Tool

LNS

Plug

-In

LNS

Plug

-In

Database

Remote Access

Remote Client Application(s)

LNS

Tool

LNS

Tool

LNS

Plug

-In

LNS

Plug

-In

LONWORKS Network

• Provides network servicesà Network installation and

configurationà Network maintenance and repairà System monitoring and control

2-27 LNS Clients

• Local client application - one that is running on the same PC as the LNS Server and database.

• Remote client application - one that is running on a PC that does not contain the LNS database or run the LNS Server.

LNS

Serv

erU

tility

LNS Server

Local Client Application(s)

LNS

Tool

LNS

Tool

LNS

Plug

-In

LNS

Plug

-In

Database

Remote Access

Remote Client Application(s)

LNS

Tool

LNS

Tool

LNS

Plug

-In

LNS

Plug

-In

• Client - LNS applications, capable of running locally or remotely.

• A single network can simultaneously be accessed by several local and remote applications.

LONWORKS Network

2-28 Summary and Review

1. What creates the logical interface to a LONWORKS network?network variable

2. What defines a device’s operating or application behavior ?configuration properties

3. What provides unified functions - directory, installation, management, monitoring and control services to a Windows program?LNS – LONWORKS Network Services

4. How many layers of the ISO standard for networking does the LonTalk protocol include?7 (seven)

5. What must a device’s primary function be based on if it is to be certified to the LONMARK Interoperability Guidelines?SFP - Standard Functional Profile

6. What does SNVT stand for? SCPT?Standard Network Variable Type, Standard Configuration Properties

Selecting Network Architectures and Topologies

3-2 Objectives

• Describe the steps for creating a network design• Choose an appropriate network architecture• Explain the difference between monitoring and control

functions vs. network management tasks• Identify possible network topologies• Select design and installation strategies• Choose a network design tool

3-3 Network Design Process

• LONWORKS networks are design/build networks

• Engineered networks are built to fit any application, architecture, and customer need

• Success requires planningà Using the right partsà Logical design sequenceà Safe installation processà Network sustainability

IMPLEMENT THE NETWORK

IdentifyArchitectures

Select NetworkComponents

Install PhysicalNetwork

ProgramNetwork

CommissionNetwork

Test and VerifyNetwork

OptimizeNetwork

DocumentNetwork

MaintainNetwork

DOCUMENT AND MAINTAIN

PLAN THE NETWORK

TEST AND OPTIMIZE

3-4 Planning the Network Design

• Project informationà Who is the customer?

• Control requirementsà What does the customer

require?• Network architecture

à What topologies are possible?

à How will network tools access the network?

à How will end users access network information?

• How will the network design be created?à Who will create the

design? Where?• How will the network

program be implemented?à Commissioning, testing,

verification?• How will the network be

maintained?à Adds, moves, changes,

backups, replacements?

3-5Job Aid – Network Design Plan Worksheet

• Begin to design your network with the Network Design Plan Worksheet

Installation Options

• Interoperable Self-Installation (ISI)à Lowest costà Suitable for simple networks

with simple configuration and connections• Standard installation tool using an i.LON SmartServer

à Simplest solution for small networksà Suitable for simple networks

with simple configuration and no connections• Standard installation tool such as LonMaker

à Lowest development costà Best flexibility and network documentation

• Custom installation toolà Most customized solutionà Highest development cost

3-6

Network Architectures

3-7

Simple Device Network3-8

• Devices communicate with each other directly, no head end or master controller required.

• Network management tool is not required after devices have been commissioned

• A portable network manage-ment tool is required to perform network maintenance tasks such as adds, moves and changes

Portable Network Management Tool

NM Tool

3-9 Local Client Applications

LNS App(s)Config Server

LNS Server

Local IP Client

IP-852 Network

i.LONIP-852

NIC

• LNS database resides on same computer as the network tool

• LNS network management tools and Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) communicate with devices via network services interface (NSI) hardware/ software

à Local NSI interface over Twisted Pair, Power Line, RF

à Local IP client over IP-852 i.LON router connects IP channel

to LONWORKS channel Config Server must be running on a

PC connected to IP-852 channelà Local IP client over telephone network

Uses PPP (point-to-point protocol) Requires RNI Poor performance

SNTP server may be required if IP-852 channel is internet

NSI

LNS App(s)LNS Server

Local Client

Remote Lightweight Client Applications

• Communicate with LNS Server via IP network (not to be confused with IP-852 channel.)

• Doesn’t have data server so can only communicate with devices on physical network through the LONWORKS interface of the server

LNS App(s) Remote Lightweight

ClientLNS Server

NSI

NIC

NICIP Network

Server

3-10

• Network management, monitoring and controlling tasks are all routed through the LNS Server.

• Potential bottleneck in the LNS Server if multiple remote lightweight clients monitoring and controlling multiple data points simultaneously.

• Communicate with the LNS Server PC through any LONWORKS channel, typically IP-852 or TP/XF-1250.

• Has data server so can communicate directly with devices through its own network interface (any LONWORKS channel including IP-852).

Remote Fullweight Client Applications

3-11

NIC

LNS App(s)

Full Client

Config ServerLNS Server

NICServer

IP-852 Network

i.LONIP-852

NSI

LNS App(s)

Full Client

NSI

LNS Server

Server

TP/XF-1250High Speed Backbone

Router

• Network management tasks are routed through the LNS Server.

• Monitoring and controlling tasks are sent directly to the network.

Telephone Connections to the Network

Modem

SLTA-10

PSTN

NM Tool

NSI

HMI Tool

NM Tool

NM Tool

NSI

ModemPSTN

HMI Tool

NM Tool

i.LON 100 withModem Option

• SLTA (Serial LonTalk Adapter) with modem locally installed at network

• Modems allow the RS-232 line to be extended through the public switched telephone network

• LinkManager software required by LNS application

• i.LON 100 can also provide remote IP connectivity with optional internal modem

• Supports connection to an external GSM or GPRS modem

3-12

Web Server

3-16Simple Web Browser Based Client

• i.LON 100 or SmartServer web-based client performs monitoring and control tasks.

• Advanced web server features provide XML, JavaScript, DHTML and SOAP interfaces to enterprise systems.

• Customizable and simple to develop with a easy to use HMI that can represent or write network variable values in graphical or text formats.

• i.LON 100 may not perform network management tasks without access to LNS server.

• SmartServer may perform network management tasks in Standalone mode.

Web Browser

NICIP Network

i.LONSmartServer

3-17Internet/Intranet IP Backbone

• Internet to LONWORKS (i.LON devices) can be used to create one network by connecting remote locations over IP-852 channels

• LNS Server is not required for routing packets

• Up to 256 IP-852 devices per channel

• IP-852 can use existing IP infrastructure

i.LONsIP-852

i.LONIP-852

Devices in London

i.LONsIP-852

Devices in Lisbon

Devices in Beijing

Devices in Hong Kong

Devices in New York

Intranet 3(IP)

Intranet 1(IP)

Intranet 2 (IP)

NIC

Internet

NIC

SNTP Server

12:10:15

Web Browser

3-18Monitoring/Control andNetwork Management

• Network management/maintenance tasks are routed through the LNS serverà add/remove devices and routersà change channelsà bind NVsà adjust CPs

• Monitoring and Control applications are sent directly to the networkà get updates (monitor network variables)à send updates (write to network variables)

• On a remote lightweight client, monitoring, and controlling tasks as well as network management tasks are routed through the LNS Server

LNS Server

Monitoring

andControl

Managementand

Maintenance

Managementand

Maintenance

Monitoring - The ability to display real-time data about a network

Documents

L ON W ORKS Network Design Overview. Welcome! 1-2