Poultry

KwL Chart Start up !

Know 10 things

you KNOW about poultry/chickens

Want10 thing you WANT to learn about poultry

Learn-We will complete

this once finished

Unit Map: Follow Along in your packet

WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING?ID breeds of economically important

animalsHusbandry and Mangement practices

for Industrial animals

Know Understand Do!

KnowPoultry TypesBasic AnatomyManagement

Practices

Understand• Poultry desired

Characteristics• Internal and

External Anatomy

• Vertical Integration

Do• ID Breeds

• Outline egg production• Outline Integration

model

Key Learning: Poultry Production

Unit EQ: Why is the poultry industry a successful industrial model?

Concept : Management

Lesson EQ:

What is vertical intergration?

Vocab

Vertical Integration, Beak Trimming

Concept : AnatomyLesson EQ:

How are poultry manipulated for production?

VocabSpur, Cloaca

Concept Breeds and

TypesLesson EQ:

What are purposes of poultry?

VocabEgg Laying, Meat, Dual Purpose, Ratites

Objectives

Students will: Identify major breeds of chicken and minor breeds of poultry

Describe characteristics of each breed

Identify breed purpose

Essential Question

What are purposes of poultry? (think terminology)

Set up your graphic Organizer Breed (Specific)

Type (General) 3 Facts Purpose (with definition)

Leghorn Chicken Lays white eggs, Loud, Always all white

Table Egg Laying: lays eggs for human consumption.

What is poultry?

Fowl (birds) raised on farms and used as food

Pair Share

“Chicken is the number one most consumed meat in American”

Discuss: Do you feel this is true why or why not?

Poultry

High proteinLow fatEconomical to eat2nd in consumption only to beef

What are they used for? (Common terms)

Meat- Plymouth RockFeathers- PeafowlEggs- LeghornShowing- White Crested Black Polish

Purposes of Poultry: Industry Terms

Dual Purpose

Meat Purpose

Fancy/Ornamental

Table Egg Laying

Leghorn-Chickens

Weighs: 4 lbs. to 6 lbs.

Egg Shell Color: White.

Use: An egg-type chicken.

Origin: city of Leghorn, Italy.

Leghorn-Chickens

Characteristics: A small, noisy bird, known for being all white in color

The most numerous breed.

Rhode Island Red-Chicken

Standard Weight: 5 ½ lbs to 8 ½ lbs.

 Egg Shell Color: Brown

Rhode Island Red-Chicken

Use: Egg production, and meat (Dual Purpose)

Origin: Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

White Crested Black PolishRecognized for its long wattle and head plumage

Originated in Poland

White Crested Black Polish

Can only see forwards and downwards

Considered ornamental/fancy

Blue Hen

Famous for its fighting skills during the revolutionary war.

Blue Hen

Delaware’s regiment was nicknamed “The Blue Hen Chickens”

Not a “TRUE” breedUniversity of

Delaware’s mascot UD has one of the

only remaining pure bred flocks

Broiler

Any breed of chicken raised specifically for meat. (Typically Plymouth Rocks)

Grown to specific weight and age.

Between 5-12 weeks in age. Average is 7 wks from egg to processing

Selected to gain lean (no fat) weight quickly

GeeseMost common

widespread goose in America is the Canadian Goose

A group of geese is called a gaggle

Hunted for sport. Meat and feathers are used

Large waterfowl in between a swan and ducks.

Turkey

Very heavy birds (40-60 lbs)

Wild Turkeys hunted for sport. Meat is more “gamey”, weigh less than industry birds

Selectively bred for large size

Turkey

All industry produced turkeys bred for meat must be artificially inseminated because they are so large!

Duck

Produce eggs, meat, and feathers (down feathers)

All duck breeds are descendants of wild mallard

China is top duck market

Quail

Used for meat, eggs

Normally eaten meat and bones

Wild Quail that has fed on hemlock, can be toxic to consume causing kidney failure

Ratites Flightless !!!

Birds in this group include; ostrich, emu and kiwi

Ostrich and emus used for eggs and medicinal purposes Emu oil provides

health benefits for painful joints and bruises

Emu’s cannot walk backwards

Vocab Review (Grab out your vocab sheet)

Put your name and the date on your worksheet packet

Define the following words: Poultry Dual Purpose (give breed example) Table Egg Laying (give breed example) Fancy/ Ornamental (give breed example) Meat Purpose (give breed example) Broiler Gaggle Ratites

Pair Share

Person A

Give the word and the definition

Person B

Use the vocab word in a sentence

On your own:

Library Project (Optional) Directions:Choose a poultry breed not discussed in class. Provide a picture to the teacher (chosen from the internet) to be posted on the screen while you present.

On your own: Library Project Compile a profile of your bird. Include:

OriginColor characteristics Average SizePurpose Product from or by the animal Fun Fact

Dirty Jobs Video: OstrichesPair Share Review

Answer the Following

Where did Mike go?

What is his job? What part of the

job is dangerous? 5 facts about

ostriches How do you catch

or steer an ostrich and why?

Discuss the video with your partner

Why are ostriches considered poultry?

What products do we use and why?

What was one interesting thing you learned ?

Basic anatomy Of Poultry

Please Follow along with your worksheet provided

Objectives

Label the major parts of poultry anatomy

Explain the purpose of specific anatomical differences in digestion anatomy.

Discuss the general reproductive anatomy of a hen.

Essential Question

How are poultry manipulated for production?

Lit Frayer Model

I think it means…. Because of… (clues)

We have selectively bred chickens to have large breast meat because this is the cut of meat that brings the most

profit.It is actually defined as… Ways to help me remember

this/Examples are

Selective breeding

Breeding for desired characteristics

We have selective bred chickens to have enlarged breasts and grow quickly (7 weeks) to increase profits

Do you remember?

What do you call a mature male? RoosterWhat do you call a mature female? HenWhat do you call a young female? PulletWhat do you call a castrated male? CaponChickens [Hatch] (they are not

“born”)

Facial features of Poultry

Main Anatomy of Poultry

Digestion system of Poultry

Digestive Anatomy review

Crop- food storage Birds are prey animals. Need to “eat and

run”Gizzard- grinds food

Birds don’t have teeth. Gizzard is muscular organ that contains grit (stones) to help grind food

Proventriculus Secretes digestive enzymes to break

down foodCloaca

Vent when poop and eggs are expelled

Pair Share

How are chicken’s (and bird’s in general) digestive systems specialized and different from our own?

Give 3 examples

Reproductive Systemfemale

Male Reproductive system

Reproductive review

Hens only lay legs NOT ROOSTERSMale reproductive organs are located

inside the bird Temperature regulation EXTRA important

to prevent infertility Spaying a chicken = difficult

▪ Therefore: Capons are mainly for religious purposes

Skeletal Review

How have birds adapted ? Hollow bones = light weight Keeled sternum= lower center of gravity

and large bone provide extra large pectoral muscle attachments ▪ WE EAT THE PECTORAL (breast) muscle in

chickens! Fused wrists and bones

▪ Give wings their shape▪ We EAT the wings. Two types

Drumstick and double bone wing

Vocabulary Sheet

Add these to your list and Define the following words:Spurs Primary FeathersCrop GizzardCloaca

Pair Share

Person A

Give the word and the definition

Person B

Use the vocab word in a sentence

The Incredible Egg

Hatching

Egg hatching Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYLm3SK_vRE

Objectives

Label the basic anatomical parts of the egg, and reproductive system of the hen

Explain the process of gestation within the egg.

Discuss the process of fertilization and egg development.

Understand the importance and purpose of gestation.

Define the process of incubation and its importance.

Pair Share

What is an egg?

What parts of an egg do you know?

What do they “do”?

What parts do we eat?

What is an Egg?

Egg- the female germ cell.The egg becomes the embryo.

Avian egg- bird eggs.

What is an Egg?

It includes the following:▪Shell▪Shell membranes▪Albumen▪Yolk

Together they protect and nourish.

Egg Formation

1.Ovulation- release of mature yolk from the ovary.

2.Infundibulum- receives the yolk, about 15 minutes spent.

Egg Formation

3.Yolk moves into magnum 50% of albumen is added. Takes 3 hours.

4.Spends 1.5 hours in the Isthmus. Shell membranes added.

5. Total process takes about 24 hours

DRAW IT

Draw how an egg is formed inside of a hen should be 6 boxes

Step One Step Two Step Three

Step Four Step Five Egg is LAID! What will the chicken do now?

Egg Formation

Pair Share: THEN Get our your packet to complete your diagram

The yellow part of the egg is called the…

The white part of the egg is called the …

What do these do?!?

Egg Anatomy

1.Shell- hard outer surface; calcium1.Shell has

pores to allow loss of CO2, moisture.

Egg Anatomy

2. Shell membranes- there are two one next to the shell, and surrounding albumen, yolk.a. Known as Inner

and Outer Membrane

Egg Anatomy

3. Air Cell- air space between two shell membranes.

4. Albumen- egg white.

5. Yolk- true egg, if fertilized become embryo.

Egg Anatomy

What do these parts do?

Germinal DISC

Differences

Mammals: Young developing within the mother

Mother provides nourishment (milk)

Avian: Young develop outside the mother (hen)

Mother does not provide nourishment

This is a fertilized egg being Candled….

What do you see in this picture? What is happening?

How do you know?

Egg gestation

How does the yolk sac change throughout gestation?

Egg Gestation and development

Artificially keeping an egg warm until hatching= incubation

Completed in an incubator- artificially heated container.

Gestation period: approximately 3 weeks

Egg Gestation and development

The incubator must be kept at a certain temperature range 99 to 103 F.

Eggs must be turned while incubating-Why do we turn eggs during incubation??

Once they arrive

-Temperature = 92-95 degrees under light, 70-75 deg in house

-Decrease temp. 5 degrees / week until 60 degrees

MUST REGULATE TEMP!-If chicks are huddled together under light = too cold-If none are under light = too hot-Should be scattered

-Teach how to drink right away

Finish the sentence…. (Pair Share)

Eggs are great examples of a self sufficient way to raise a young animal. This statement is true because…………

The most interesting part/ adaptation of the egg is the …….

Vocabulary Sheet

Define the following words:Ovum AlbumenGestationYolk Sac Incubation

Pair Share

Person A

Give the word and the definition

Person B

Use the vocab word in a sentence

Introduction to Poultry Management

Objectives

Describe required management practices and their purpose in poultry health.

Evaluate basic parts of poultry nutrition.

Define vaccinations and their purpose within the poultry industry.

Baby Birds

-Do not over crowd young or adult birds

ALL Birds have a minimum space requirement as highlighted by the USDAEXAMPLE:CHICK-Space requirements:10 square inches / chick under light

25 square inches / chick house spaceChicks shouldn’t be allowed to get more than 3 ft away from light

Lit Frayer Model

I think it means…. Because of… (clues)

Vertical Integration has allowed for the poultry industry to become the

most successful food model that has led to other industries attempting to

duplicate the business model.It is actually defined as… Ways to help me remember

this/Examples are

Areas Vertical Integration Model Controls

Chicken Management StrategiesHousing and Feeding (Methods)NutritionBiosecurity /Disease Prevention

Vertical Integration: Broiler industry model

Definition: Several steps in production, from raw materials to final product, are controlled by company or owner.

Vertical Integration

Chick Management Practices Debeaking: remove 1/3 of the top

beak and a small part of the bottom (prevent cannibalism) at 6-8 days old Controversial practice. 15-20 birds

per minute. This fast pace sometimes results in inappropriate cuts causing excessive bleeding

Vaccinate (hatchery can do this) Sprays, shots, eye drops

Maintenance practices

Adult Bird Management

Lighting: birds naturally reproduce in spring, simulate spring, chickens molt (shed feathers) production increases

Housing for adult birds

Requirements:

Heaters Radiant =heat the

litter and items in the house. Not the air. More efficient

Thermometers Electronically

hooked to emergency back up systems. Regular mercury thermometer for back up

Feeding system Always filled, but no

wasteful spilling Litter

Low dust, absorbent

Housing for adults continued … Requirements Continued: Humidity

Prevents dusty conditions, heat regulation more effective, decreases stress (too dry = stress)

Watering system No spilling, sanitary!, monitored with

meterAlarm systems

Prevent unhealthy and stressful conditions

Standby equipment Ready for power or other emergency,

prevents losses (deaths)

Housing

Nutrition Management

Water: MOST IMPORTANT nutrient Birds need this to aide in digestion and

temperature regulation Protein

Build muscle quickly Carbohydrates and fats

Energy Minerals and Vitamins

proper growth and development Feed Additives:

Marigold petals: provide yellow tint to chicken skin. Marketed by Perdue chicken as “healthier”. NO health benefits for yellow skinned chicken but public bought in

Management Continued…Vaccinations

•Marek’s Disease: vaccine given in ovo Symptoms include : paralysis , blindness, gasping

•Infectious bronchitis: caused by a virus. Prevented through vaccination Symptoms include gasping, decreased feed intake, soft egg shells

Vaccination methods

Bio-Security

Security measures taken to prevent the spread of disease

Vocabulary sheet

Define the following words:Litter Marek’s disease Vaccination Biosecurity

Infectious Bronchitis

Introduction to the Poultry Industry

Warm Up

What type of management practices do you think are used in this photo?

Objectives

Define vertical integration.

Label major parts of the poultry industry.

Summarize the main processes in poultry product production.

Essential Question

How does vertical integration help chicken producers?

Layer Industry

Over 90% of eggs produced are by layers in cages.

The most common grouping is four hens per cage. Controversial practice

because many birds become over crowded, never spread their wings, and are injured by cage or other birds

Layer industry

-Most eggs sold in the U.S. are white. Produced by what type of bird?

-In large scale commercial operations, lighting is used to stimulate the hormonal activity of the hens to increase their production of eggs. They produce eggs naturally when the

days are longer than the nights. Most operations allow 14 - 15 hours of

light per day

Layer Care

Collect eggs 2-3 times per day (if hot)

Wash eggs immediately in warm water

Sprayed with protective coding to maintain freshness

Refrigerate Production Goal: 4 lbs feed / dozen eggs Hens produce 7 eggs / 10 days

Layer Industry

-Eggs are coated with a thin coat of mineral oil to prevent carbon dioxide from escaping from within the egg.

-Eggs are graded according to size and checked for cracks and interior spots by candling.

Broiler Care Market at 4 1/2 lbs

for males, 3 1/2 lbs for females (about 8 weeks)

2.1 lbs feed / lb of gain This rate of gain can

cause health issues like “flopping”

Down birds fall under their own weight. Bone structure cannot keep up with weight gain of meat

Broiler Industry

Most are whiteColored birds have

pigmentation spots in their skin which is undesirable to the consumer

Kept to certain age, based on weight

ALL IN ALL OUT

All in ALL out

1. All birds are hatched at same time

2. Grow together at same general rate

3. All sent to slaughter at same time

4. Entire house disinfected and cleaned

5. New “generation” brought in

Vocabulary Sheet

Define the following words:Vertical Integration

ACTIVITY

Draw on a poster with your group a representation on vertical integration.

Label each segment (grain mill, slaughter house etc)

Career opportunities

Agronomy SalesShift supervisorSeed ProductionGrain OperationsFarm MarketerFeed Mill ManagerPlant Manager Waste Water

SupervisorBarn Supervisor www.mrpoultry.com/opport

unities.html

That’s All Folks!!!

References

Modern Livestock & Poultry Production 5th Edition. By James Gillespie.

Oklahoma State University- Animal Science department.

http://www.ca.uky.edu/agripedia

Video Review: Chicken From Egg to Take Away

Outline the steps in chicken processing from egg to plate. Include the major processes in slaughter

What is the trend in the Australian food industry? How does this mirror America?

How are producers catering their products to meet consumer demand? What are consumers demanding?

What is value added chicken? What are common cuts of birds? How do they guard against contamination in the

slaughter house? Why is chicken good nutritionally?

Test Review Poultry

Is your vocabulary sheet completed? (First page of your packet) Use each vocabulary word in a sentence.

Answer the following: List the purposes of chickens and give a breed

example of each. Define each purpose. Explain vertical integration. Give an example of

a company. What is the current trend in the American food

industry? How is the poultry industry meeting these demands?

What are common items found in an adult broiler house? What are the purposes behind these items?

What are common care practices for poultry and what are the reasons for these practices?