KTU MTECH THERMAL SYLLABUS

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KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Master of Technology

Curriculum, Syllabus and Course Plan

Cluster : 01

Branch : Mechanical

Stream : Thermal Science

Year : 2015

No. of Credits : 67

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A 01MA6013 Applied Mathematics 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

B 01ME6201 Advanced Thermodynamics 3-1-0 40 60 3 4

C 01ME6203 Advanced Heat Transfer 3-1-0 40 60 3 4

D 01ME6205 Incompressible and Compressible Flow 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

E 01ME6207 IC Engine Combustion and Pollution 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

S 01ME6999 Research Methodology 0-2-0 100 2

T 01ME6291 Seminar I 0-0-2 50 2 U 01ME6293 Thermal Engineering Lab 0-0-2 50 1

TOTAL 15-4-4 400 300 - 22

TOTAL CONTACT HOURS : 23 TOTAL CREDITS : 22

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A 01ME6202 Advanced Refrigeration and Cryogenics 3-1-0 40 60 3 4

B 01ME6204 Measurements in Thermal Science 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

C 01ME6206 Thermal Turbo Machines 3-0-0 40 60 3 3 D Elective I 3-0-0 40 60 3 3 E Elective II 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

V 01ME6292 Mini Project 0-0-4 100 2 U 01ME6294 Thermal Lab II 0-0-2 50 1 TOTAL 15-1-6 350 300 - 19


Elective I 01ME6212 Computational Fluid Dynamics 01ME6214 Control Engineering 01ME6216 Advances in Radiative Heat Transfer 01ME6218

Solar Thermal Engineering

Elective III 01ME6222 Boundary Layer Theory 01ME6224 Energy Conservation and Heat Recovery Systems 01ME6226 Combustion Science 01ME6228 Microfluidics

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A Elective III 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

B Elective IV 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

T 01ME7291 Seminar II 0-0-2 50 2

W 01ME7294 Project (Phase 1) 0-0-12 100 6

TOTAL 6-0-14 230 120 - 14


Elective III 01ME7211 Nuclear Reactor Engineering 01ME7213 Advanced Optimization Techniques 01ME7215 FEM in Heat Transfer and fluid flow 01ME7217 Transport Phenomena

Elective IV 01ME7219 Multi Phase Flow

01ME7221 Industrial Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

01ME7223 Design of Heat Transfer Equipments

01ME7225 Air Breathing Propulsion

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W 01ME7294 Project (Phase 2) 0-0-23 70 30 12

TOTAL 0-0-23 70 30 - 12


TOTAL NUMBER OF CREDITS: 67

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SEMESTER - I

Syllabus and Course Plan

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Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

01MA6013 Applied Mathematics 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To introduce some of the advanced tools in numerical methods, classical partial differential

equations, optimization techniques, sampling theory and transform methods and their importance

in modelling may engineering phenomena and applications to solving such problems. Knowledge of

these methods is essential for higher studies and research.

Syllabus

Vector Spaces-linear Transformations-orthogonally-least square solutions-matrix factorizations-

-Series solution and Analytical solution of ordinary differential equations- Bessels equation, Basic concepts

in ODE- IVPs. Partial differential equations-calculus of variations-integral equations-Linear Algebraic

Equations and Iterative methods.

Expected Outcome

At the end of the course students will have become familiar with the use of some advanced classical and

modern Mathematical tools in the areas of numerical methods, classical partial differential equations,

optimization techniques, sampling theory and transform methods which are basic problem solving tools of

an engineer.

References 1. Linear Algebra and its applications-David C Lay-Pearson

2. Theory and Applications of Linear algebra-Schaums outline series-McGraw Hill

3. Higher Engineering Mathematics-.Dr. B S Grewal-Khanna publications

4. Higher engineering Mathematics B V Ramana-TataMcGraw Hill

5. Advanced Engineering Mathematics-Peter V O Neil Thomson

6. Introduction to Partial differential equations-K SankarRao-Prentice Hall of India References

7. Differential equations with applications and Historical notes-George F Simmons-Tata McGraw Hill

8. Mathematical methods for Engineers and Physicists-A K Mukhopadhayay Wheeler publishing

9.Introduction to wavelets through linear algebra-Michael W Frazier; Springer

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Course plan

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I Vector spaces and subspaces, null space , column space of a

matrix;; linearly independent sets and bases; Coordinate systems;

dimension of a vector space; rank ;change of basis; linear

transformations-properties-kernel and range-computing kernel

and range of a linear transformation-matrix representation of a

linear operator-Invertible linear operators

7

15%

II Inner product, length and orthogonality ; orthogonal sets;

orthogonal projections; Gram Schmidt process; least square

solutions; Inner product spaces; QR factorization ; Singular value

decomposition

7 15%

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III Solving Ordinary Differential Equations- Initial Value Problems

(ODE-IVPs). Introduction, Existence of Solutions, Analytical

Solution of Linear ODE-IVPs, Basic Concepts in numerical solutions

of ODE-IVP, step size and marching, concept of implicit and explicit

methods, Taylor series based and Runge-Kutta methods:

derivation and examples.

8 15%

IV

Partial Differential Equation:-Classification of PDE,Solution of

Boundary Value Problems in partial differential equations using

Laplace Transform Method.

Calculus of variations: Functionals, Euler Equations and its

alternative forms, solution of Euler equation, isoperimetric

problem, problem of several independent variables, functional

involving higher order derivatives,problem with variable end

conditions

8 15%

SECOND INTERNAL EXAM

V Integral equations: Standard forms of integral equations-

Fredholm equation, Voltera equation, reduction of an integral

equation to differential equation, solutions for integral equation,

integral equations of the convolution type, solution of Fredholm

integral equation by the method of successive approximations.

8 20%

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System of Linear Algebraic Equations , conditions of existence of

solution geometric interpretations (row picture and column

picture), review of concepts of rank and fundamental theorems of

linear algebra. Classification of solution approaches as direct and

iterative, review of Gaussian elimination. Iterative methods:

7 20%

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6201 Advanced Thermodynamics 3-1-0 4 2015

Course Objectives

1. To prepare the students in understanding macroscopic behavior of our material world and its intricacies from microscopic laws.

2. To introduce thestudentsto quantum mechanical interpretation of thephysical properties of materials.

3. To equip the students in handling fundamental research

Syllabus

Review of the fundamentals of classical thermodynamics. Stable and unstable equilibrium, Chemical

potential and phase equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic potentials.

Thermodynamic potential minimum principles. Microscopic approach to thermodynamics:

molecular model-requirement-properties of simple gas-extension to gas mixtures-real gas effects.

Kinetic theory of gases. Collision dynamics-Binary and elastic collision-momentum and energy

considerations. molecular flux,Equation of state, Collision with moving walls. Equipartition of

energy, survival equations. Transport phenomena-Intermolecular forces, The Van-der-Wall equation

of state, Viscosity, Thermal conductivity and diffusion. The velocity distribution functions,

Boltzmann equation, The moment and conservation equations from Boltzmann equation . Collision

invariants. The BGK approximation, Boltzmann H function. The chapmann-Enskog theory.

Fundamentals of statistical thermodynamics-micro and macro states. Thermodynamic probability.

Degeneration of energy levels. Maxwell-Boltzman,Fermi-Dirac and Bose Einstein statistics-

distribution function comparisons, Partition function. Application of Statistical Thermodynamics:

Maxwell velocity distribution, Equipartition of energy ,Black body radiation formula, Einstein and

Debey theory of specific heat capacity. Microscopic interpretation of heat and work.

Evaluation of entropy. Calculation of the macroscopic properties from partition functions.

Expected Outcome

1. After the course students shall become able to take more fundamental research in understanding the physical phenomenon of the nature.

2. Students shall use their understanding in thermodynamics to engineering design of various thermal systems and its performance optimization.

3. Students shall become able to interpret the true or exact reasons of various scientific observations of the world .

References 1. Francis W. Sears ,Gerhard L.Salinger, Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory, and Statistical

Thermodynamics ,Third edition, Narosa Publishing House,1989 2. Donald A.McQuarrie,"Molecular Thermodynamics"First edition 2004,Viva books pvt 3. KPN Murthy" Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics,University Press

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01ME6203 Advanced Heat Transfer

3-1-0 4 2015

Course Objectives This course assumes that the students have undergone UG courses in Engineering Mathematics, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics. .

1. To impart the basic and an advanced level of understanding of the various modes of heat transfer and different kinds of mechanisms that influence heat transfer.;

2. The purpose of this course is to develop correlations on the basis of fundamental transport laws governing heat/mass transfer

3. The treatment is highly mathematical and, through assignments, students are expected to formulate and solve problems to derive expressions for the heat/mass transfer coefficient in different situations

4. Computer assisted data acquisition, data manipulation and presentation

Syllabus Unsteady conduction, 2D steady conduction and phase change problems, Numerical solution of conduction problems, Introduction to free and forced convection, Laminar flow heat transfer, Turbulent flow heat transfer, Analogy methods, emperical correlation, Mixed Convection, Introduction to radiation, View factors, Enclosure analysis, gas radiation, mass transfer

Expected Outcome

1. The students will be able to analyses a real life situation involving heat transfer and would be able to design a thermal system

4 . G A Bird,Molecular Gas Dynamics and The Direct Simulation of Gas Flows",1994,Oxford Press

5. Herbert B.Callen, "Thermodynamics",John Wiley &sons

6. Y.V.C.Rao,"Postulational And Statistical Thermodynamics"Allied Publishers Ltd

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2. They will be in a position to trouble shoot the problems in a thermal system and able to suggest methods to improve the performance of the system..

3. The course will interest students wishing to embark on a research career in heat/mass transfer

References

1. F.P. Incropera and D. Dewitt , Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 7th Edition by, John Wiley, 2011.

2 S.P. Venkateshan , Heat Transfer - 2 Ed, (Reprint) , Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. 2011

3 Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach, Mcgraw-Hill, 2002

4 D. Poulikakos, Conduction Heat Transfer, Prentice Hall, 1994.

5 S. Kakac and Y. Yener, Heat Conduction, Taylor and Francis, 1994 6 G.E.Myers ,Analytical methods in Conduction Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill, 1971. 7 W. Kays, M. Crawford and B. Weigand , Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, 4th Edition

by, McGraw Hill International, 2005. 8 Convective Heat Transfer, 2nd Edition by S. Kakac and Y. Yener, CRC Press, 1995. 9 Convection Heat Transfer, 3rd Edition by A. Bejan, John Wiley, 2004 10 Louis C. Burmeister Convective Heat Transfer, John Wiley and sons September 10,

1993

11 R. Siegel and J.R.Howell , Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Taylor & Francis, 2002. 12 E.M.Sparrow and R.D.Cess Radiation Heat Transfer, , Wadsworth, 1966.

13 H.C.Hottel and A.F.Saroffim, Radiative Transfer, , McGraw hill, 1967. 14 14 Radiative Heat Transfer, M.F.Modest, McGraw Hill, 2003.

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I Concept of Biot number Lumped capacitance formulation simple

problems unsteady conduction from a semi-infinite solid- solution

by similarity transformation method.

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Solution of the general 1D unsteady problem by separation of variables and charts- example problems Laplace equation solution by variable separable method concept of superposition and homogeneous boundary conditions.

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Phase change problems The Stefan and Neumann problems

analytical solutions. Basic ideas of finite difference method forward,

backward and central differences Discretization for the unsteady

heat equation simple problems.

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

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Forced and free convection velocity and thermal boundary layer,

laminar and turbulent flows General equation for momentum and

energy transport. 5

15 Laminar flow heat transfer: Exact solutions of the 2D boundary layer momentum and energy equations. Approximate calculations of the boundary layer by the momentum and energy integral

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Turbulent flow heat transfer: Time averaged equations of continuity,

momentum and energy. Analog methods Reynolds, Prandtl and

Von Karman. Free convection: Solutions of the boundary layer

equations for a vertical plate

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Free convection with a turbulent boundary layer Emperical correlation for free convection from vertical, horizontal inclined surfaces and enclosures.Mixed Convection Introduction to mixed convection-concepts

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Introduction to radiation, need for view factors, concept of view factors, mathematical definition.View factor Algebra, Hottel's crossed string method, view factors for 2D surfaces using algebra.View factors from 2D surfaces using charts.Radiosity Irradiation method for gray diffuse enclosures Problems for 2 and 3 surface enclosures parallel plate formula, radiation shields, concept of re-radiating surface.

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Introduction to gas radiation The equation of transfer

derivationSimple solutions to the equation of transfer. 3

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Mass Transfer: Modes of mass transfer-convective and diffusive mass transfer.

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20 Ficks law, analog between heat, mass and momentum transfer-dimensionless numbers

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END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6205 Incompressible and Compressible Flow 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives The subject is aimed at providing knowledge for the mathematical formulation of incompressible andcompressible fluid flow. The students are trained to apply their mathematical skills in finding analytical solutions to flow problems.

Syllabus Incompressible Flow, Reynolds Transport theorem, Potential Flows, Boundary Layer Theory, Stability, Turbulent Flows, Compressible Flow, Linearized Flow.

Expected Outcome At the end of the course the student will be able to ascertain basic concepts in the fluid mechanics, analyze practical problems of fluid flow, understand the performance of fluid flow devices in laminar and Turbulent flows. Students will be equipped with fundamentals to pursue research in this area.

References

1. Batchelor G.K, An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 1983. 2. Frank M. White, Viscous Fluid Flow, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Series of Mechanical

Engineering, 2006. 3. Muralidhar K. and Biswas G., Advanced Engineering Fluid Mechanics, Second Edition,

Narosa, 2005. 4. Pijush K. Kundu and Ira M. Cohen, Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, Academic Press

(ELSEVIER), 2008. 5. S.W. Yuan ., Foundations of Fluid Mechanics, Prentice Hall of India, 2000 6. Schlichting H., Boundary Layer Theory, Springer Verlag, 2000.

7. Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability by S.Chandrasekhar, Dover Pubhlications (1981)

8. Tennekes H. and Lumley J.L., A First Course in Turbulence, The MIT press, 1972. 9. David C Wilcox., Turbulence Modeling for CFD (Third Edition) DCW Industries, 2006 10. H. W. Liepmann and A. Roshko Elements of Gas Dynamics 11. John D. Anderson, Jr. Modern Compressible Flow,

12. Ascher H. Shapiro, Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow (volumes I and II)

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Definition and properties of Fluids, Fluid as continuum, Langragian and Eulerian description, Stress Tensor, Stokes Hypothesis- Rate of Strain and Rotation Tensors Velocity and stress field, Fluid statics, Fluid Kinematics.

3

15 Reynolds transport theorem, Integral and differential forms of governing equations: mass, momentum and energy conservation equations, Navier-Stokes equations, Eulers equation, Bernoullis Equation. Stream Function and Vorticity Formulation in two dimension

4

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Exact solutions of Navier-Stokes Equations. Couette flows, Poiseuille flows, Fully developed flows in non-circular cross-sections, Unsteady flows, Creeping flows.

4

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

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Potential Flows. Stream and Velocity potential function, Circulation, Irrotational vortex, Basic plane potential flows: Uniform stream; Source and Sink; Vortex flow, Doublet, Superposition of basic plane potential flows, Flow past a circular cylinder, Magnus effect; Kutta-Joukowski lift theorem; Concept of lift and drag.

6 15

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Boundary layer theory - Parameters of boundary layer Momentum and Energy integral equations. Karman Pohlhausen method for approximate solution to momentum integral equation-separation and Vortex Shedding.Concept of hydrodynamic stability, Orr-Sommerfeld equation, Boundary layer stability, Transition to turbulence.

6 15


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Fluctuations and time-averaging, General equations of turbulent flow, Turbulent boundary layer equation, Flat plate turbulent boundary layer, Turbulent pipe flow, Free turbulent flows, Prandtl Mixing length and Boussinesq's hypothesis, eddy viscosity, Introduction to turbulence models.

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Compressible flow: Review of Isentropic flow, Fanno flow, Raleigh Flow. Generalised one dimensional flow Governing equations Influence coefficients Linearized Flow - Linearized velocity potential equation - Linearized pressure coefficient - Linearized

7 20

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Subsonic flow - Improved compressibility corrections - Linearized supersonic flow - Critical Mach Number. Method of characteristics. Introduction to Hypersonic flows.

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6207 IC Engine combustion and

pollution 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To impart an awareness regarding the chemistry of fuel air mixtures and their combustion

2. Combustion mechanism in the engine cylinder of an IC engine and the utilization of alternate fuels in IC engines

3. Engine emissions and control

Syllabus

Engine design and operating parameters, Thermo chemistry of fuel air mixtures , Properties of working fluids, mixture charts, availability analysis, Combustion in SI engines, Combustion in CI engines, Utilization of alternate fuels- biodiesel, hydrogen, LPG, Natural gas- , HCCI Combustion, Engine emissions, Emission control technology, emission standards.

Expected Outcome

1. Understand the basic concepts of fuel air mixing and combustion 2. Explore various alternate fuels that are sustainable and emission less 3. Emission standards

References 1. Heywood JB, IC Engine fundamentals, McGraw hill book Co, 1989 2. B P Pundir, Engine emissions, Narosa publishing house, 2007 3. Ganesan, Internal combustion engines, Tata- Mcgraw Hill Publishers, 2002 4. F Obert, IC Engines and air pollution, Intext educational publishers, 1973

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I Engine design and operating parameters, Thermo chemistry of fuel-air

mixtures 4

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Properties of working fluids- unburned mixture composition, burned

mixture charts, Exhaust gas composition. 4

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Ideal models of engine cycles, Availability analysis of engine processes.

Combustion in SI engines- Thermodynamic analysis, Flame structure

and speed, Cyclic variations in combustion, partial burning and misfire,

abnormal combustion

8

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III Combustion in CI engines- Phenomenological model of CI engine

combustion, Analysis of cylinder pressure data, fuel spray behaviour 7 15

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Utilization of alternate fuels in IC engines- biodiesel, hydrogen, LPG,

Natural gas- Advantages and disadvantages- HCCI combustion, ASTM

specifications 6

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V Engine emission and air pollution- Genesis and formation of pollutants,

SI engine emission control technology 7

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VI CI engine emission control technology, fuel quality, emission standards 6 15

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6999 Research Methodology 0-2-0 2 2015

Course Objectives 1. To prepare the student to do the M. Tech project work with a research bias. 2. To formulate a viable research question.

3. To develop skill in the critical analysis of research articles and reports. 4. To analyze the benefits and drawbacks of different methodologies. 5. To understand how to write a technical paper based on research findings.

Syllabus

Introduction to Research Methodology-Types of research- Ethical issues- Copy right-royalty-

Intellectual property rights and patent law-Copyleft- Openacess-

Analysis of sample research papers to understand various aspects of research methodology:

Defining and formulating the research problem-Literature review-Development of working

hypothesis-Research design and methods- Data Collection and analysis- Technical writing- Project

work on a simple research problem

Approach

Course focuses on students' application of the course content to their unique research interests. The

various topics will be addressed through hands on sessions.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to 1. Understand research concepts in terms of identifying the research problem

2. Propose possible solutions based on research 3. Write a technical paper based on the findings.

4. Get a good exposure to a domain of interest. 5. Get a good domain and experience to pursue future research activities.

References 1. C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology, New Age International, 2004 2. Panneerselvam, Research Methodology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2012. 3. J. W. Bames, Statistical Analysis for Engineers and Scientists, Tata McGraw-Hill, New York. 4. Donald Cooper, Business Research Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 5. Leedy P. D., Practical Research: Planning and Design, McMillan Publishing Co. 6. Day R. A., How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Cambridge University Press, 1989.

7. Manna, Chakraborti, Values and Ethics in Business Profession, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2012.

8. Sople, Managing Intellectual Property: The Strategic Imperative, Prentice Hall ofIndia, New Delhi, 2012.

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Introduction to Research Methodology: Motivation towards research -

Types of research: Find examples from literature.

Professional ethics in research - Ethical issues-ethical committees. Copy

right - royalty - Intellectual property rights and patent law - Copyleft-

Openacess -Reproduction of published material - Plagiarism - Citation

and acknowledgement.

Impact factor. Identifying major conferences and important journals in

the concerned area. Collection of at least 4 papers in the area.

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Defining and formulating the research problem - Literature Survey- Analyze the chosen papers and understand how the authors have undertaken literature review, identified the research gaps, arrived at their objectives, formulated their problem and developed a hypothesis.

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Research design and methods: Analyze the chosen papers to understand formulation of research methods and analytical and experimental methods used. Study of how different it is from previous works.

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Data Collection and analysis. Analyze the chosen papers and study the methods of data collection used. - Data Processing and Analysis strategies used Study the tools used for analyzing the data.

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Technical writing - Structure and components, contents of a typical

technical paper, difference between abstract and conclusion, layout,

illustrations and tables, bibliography, referencing and footnotes- use of

tools like Latex

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VI Identification of a simple research problem Literature survey- Research design- Methodology paper writing based on a hypothetical result.

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END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6291 Seminar I 0-0-2 2 2015

Course Objectives To make students

1. Identify the current topics in the specific stream. 2. Collect the recent publications related to the identified topics. 3. Do a detailed study of a selected topic based on current journals, published papers

and books. 4. Present a seminar on the selected topic on which a detailed study has been done. 5. Improve the writing and presentation skills.

Approach

Students shall make a presentation for 20-25 minutes based on the detailed study of the topic and submit a report based on the study.

Expected Outcome Upon successful completion of the seminar, the student should be able to

1. Get good exposure in the current topics in the specific stream. 2. Improve the writing and presentation skills.

1. Explore domains of interest so as to pursue the course project.

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01ME6293 THERMAL ENGINEERING LAB I

0-0-2 1 2015

Course Objectives

1. Should develop knowledge on data acquisition system. 2. Should be able to doheat transfer experiments 3. Should acquire knowledge on FLUENT software packages.

Syllabus

Experiments on heat transfer equipments and wind tunnel, study performance evaluation of steam

turbines variable compression engines etc.; practicing Fluentsoftware packages.

Expected Outcome

1. Understand data acquisition systems. 2. Understand heat transfer problems through lab experiments. 3. Understand the usage of FLUENTsoftware packages.

List of Experiments 1. Experiment on Transient Heat Conduction using data acquisition system. 2. Experiment on Boiling and Condensation. 3. Experiment on Heat Pipe. 4. Experiment on Variable Compression Engine. 5. Experiment on Steam Turbine. 6. Study of FLUENT software (grid generation and preparation of simple models) 7. Analysis of Turbulent flow and heat transfer over a flat plate. 8. Evaluation of CD, Nusselts number 9. Experiment on Wind Tunnel

10. Influence of mass flow rate on heat transfer in internal flow through duct Forced

convection.

11. Experiment on critical heat flux apparatus- for various wire geometry and materials.

12. Laboratory preparation of biodiesel from sunflower oil.

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SEMESTER - II


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01ME6202 Advanced Refrigeration and

Cryogenic Engineering 3-1-0 4 2015

Course Objectives The word cryogenics stems from Greek and means "the production of icy cold". The objective of the course is to give the students basic idea about the history, material selection, design, development, analysis and applications of Cryogenics in various fields of engineering, medicine and technology.

Syllabus

Simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle and actual cycle - analysis, Ewings construction. Compressors - reciprocating, centrifugal and screw type, volumetric efficiency and performance. Limitations of single stage vapour compression refrigeration system. Analyses of multi pressure and multi evaporator vapour compression refrigeration systems.

Vapour absorption refrigeration systems: Derivation of COP, performance of the system with different refrigerant and absorber combinations and criteria for selection-performance characteristics

Introduction to Cryogenics, Distinction between Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Historicaldevelopment, Present areas involving cryogenic engineering

Applications ofCryogenics: Applications inspace, Food Processing, super Conductivity, Electrical Power, Biology, Medicine and Electronics .

Cryogenicfluidsand their properties, Properties of materials at cryogenic temperature: Mechanical properties, Thermal properties, Electricaland magneticproperties. Production of low temperatures by Joule Thomson expansion, Inversion Curve, Maximum Inversion temperature, Joule Thomson Coefficient, Isenthalpic expansion of ideal gas, Joule Thomson expansion of a real gas, Adiabatic expansion, Comparison of J-T and adiabatic expansions

Gas liquefaction systems: Introduction,Thermodynamicallyideal system, Simple LindeHampson System, Precooled Linde Hampson System, Linde Dual Pressure System, ClaudeSystem,Kapitza System, Heylandt System, Collins System

Cooling by adiabatic demagnetization technique, Simon helium Liquefier Special liquefaction systems for neon, hydrogen and helium Components of gas liquefaction systems: Heat Exchangers, Compressors and Expanders Cryogenic Refrigeration cycles : Carnot and IdealStirling Cycle, Derivation of its COP, Philips refrigerator, Actual Stirling cycle, Cryocooler fundamentals, Different types and their applications, Stirling, Pulse Tube, Gifford McMahon, Solvay Cryocoolers.

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Cryogenic fluidStorage vessels,Cryogenic Insulations, Safety in Cryogenics

Expected Outcome

After the completion of the course, the student should be able to apply this knowledge

1. in the design and development of refrigeration systems and their components independently

2.in the design and development of cryogenic propulsion systems, gas liquefaction systems, cryocoolers and their components for different Cryogenic applications like space, superconductivity, medicine, biology etc

References

1. W F Stoecker: Refrigeration and Air-conditioning 2. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning by C.P. Arora 3. KlausD.TimmerhausandThomasM.Flynn,"CryogenicProcessEngineering"PlenumPress,

NewYork,1989. 4. Cryogenicsystems by RandalF.Barron, McGrawHill,1986

5. CryogenicEngineeringby R.B.Scott

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Simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle and actual cycle - analysis, Ewings construction. Compressors - reciprocating, centrifugal and screw type, volumetric efficiency and performance.

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Limitations of single stage vapour compression refrigeration system. Analyses of multi pressure and multi evaporator vapour compression refrigeration systems.

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Vapour absorption refrigeration systems: Derivation of COP, performance of the system with different refrigerant and absorber combinations and criteria for selection-performance characteristics

7

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

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Introduction to Cryogenics, Distinction between Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Historicaldevelopment, Presen t areas involving cryogenic engineering

5

15

Applications ofCryogenics: Applications inspace, Food Processing, super Conductivity, Electrical Power, Biology, Medicine and Electronics .

4

IV

Cryogenicfluidsand their properties, Properties of materials at cryogenic temperature: Mechanical properties, Thermal properties, Electricaland magneticproperties.

4

15 Production of low temperatures by Joule Thomson expansion, Inversion Curve, Maximum Inversion temperature, Joule Thomson Coefficient, Isenthalpic expansion of ideal gas, Joule Thomson expansion of a real gas, Adiabatic expansion, Comparison of J-T and adiabatic expansions

5


V

Gas liquefaction systems: Introduction, Thermodynamically ideal system, Simple LindeHampson System, Precooled Linde Hampson System, Linde Dual Pressure System, ClaudeSystem,Kapitza System, Heylandt System, Collins System. Cooling by adiabatic demagnetization technique, Simon helium LiquefierSpecial liquefaction systems for neon, hydrogen and helium

8

20

Components of gas liquefaction systems: Heat Exchangers, Compressors and Expanders

3

27

VI

Cryogenic Refrigeration cycles : Carnot and IdealStirling Cycle, Derivation of its COP, Philips refrigerator, Actual Stirling cycle, Cryocooler fundamentals, Different types and their applications, Stirling, Pulse Tube, Gifford McMahon, Solvay Cryocoolers.

7

20

Cryogenic fluidStorage and transfer systems,Cryogenic Insulations, Safety in Cryogenics

3

END SEMESTER EXAM

28


01ME6204 Measurements in Thermal

Science 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To have an idea about the different characteristics of the measuring systems, including the uncertainty in measurement and also have a knowledge to statically analyze experimental data Measurements are a valuable tool for practicing engineering students.

2. Measurement of field quantities temperature, pressure, velocity by intrusive and non intrusive method under various conditions met with in practice like steady and unsteady condition and measurement of derived quantities like heat flux , mass flow rate and temperature in flowing fluids

3. Measurement of thermo physical properties, radiation properties of surfaces, force torque and power

4. Computer assisted data acquisition, data manipulation and presentation

Syllabus

Characteristics of Measurement Systems - Errors in measurements, Statistical analysis of experimental data, Thermometry art of temperature measurement, Different methods for temperature measurement, Introduction to Pressure Measurements-Mechanical and Electrical types, Measurement of velocity, Laminar & Turbulent flow, Measurement of thermophysical properties, laser based flow measurement, Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, issues in measurement, data acquisition and processing

Expected Outcome

1. Measurements are to key to any experiments. Having undergone this course the students will be to measure various parameters related to their experiments and statistically analyze those data for understanding of the physics of the problem being studied

2. Majority of thermal systems operate at high temperature. In these systems only non intrusive type measurements are possible By undergoing this course student be able to use laser based non intrusive type of measurement for measurement.

3. Having undergone this course the student will be able design their own experiments.

References

1. J.P.Holman, Experimental methods for Engineers, McGraw-Hill, 2007 2. S.P.Venkateshan, Mechanical Measurements, Ane-Books Pvt Ltd, 2012

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3. Roy.D.Marangoni, John.H.Lienhard, Thomas.G.Beckwith,, Mechanical Measurements, Pearson education, 2007

4. Richard.S. Figiola, Donald.E. Beasley,Theory and design of mechanical measurements, Wiley international, 2014

5. R.S.Sirohi, H.C.RadhakrishnaMechanical measurements, New age International, 1991

6. Ernest Doebelin, Mechanical measurements, McGraw-Hill, 2003 7. W. Bolton,Mechatronics, Pearson Education, 2011 8. John Mandal, statistical analysis of experimental data, Dover publications, 1984 9. D.Patranabis, Principle of industrial instrumentation, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2001 10. R.W.Ladenburg,Physical Measurements in Gas Dynamics and Combustion : High Speed

Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion Vol.IX , Princeton university press, 1954

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Introduction Characteristics of Measurement Systems - Elements of Measuring Instruments Performance characteristics - static and dynamic characteristics,

5

15 Errors in measurements, Statistical analysis of experimental data, Error estimation, Regression analysis: Parity plot 4

II

Thermometry art of temperature measurement, Thermoelectric thermometer, Resistance thermometer, Thermistor, Pyrometer, Measurement of transient temperature, Errors in Temperature measurement, Heat flux measurement

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Introduction to Pressure Measurements-Mechanical and Electrical types-Pressure transducer- Differential Pressure Transmitters 4

15 Measurement of vacuum-Measurement of velocity(Velocity map using Pitot tube and Pitot static tube, Hot wire anemometer)

3

IV

Measurement of thermophysical properties(Thermal conductivity, specific heat, Calorific value of fuels, Viscosity, Humidity and moisture) 5 15

30

Radiation properties of surfaces, Measurements of gas concentration

3


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Principle and application of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velociemtry (LDV); interferometry 4

20 Fundamentals of spectroscopy; Rayleigh scattering; Raman Scattering, Laser Induced Fluorescene, and their application in species concentration and temperature measurements

4

VI

Issues in measurement, Data Acquisition and Processing - General Data Acquisition system - Signal conditioning - Data transmission - A/D & D/A conversion Computer aided experimentation

4 20

END SEMESTER EXAM

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Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction 01ME6206 Thermal Turbomachines 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To input knowledge on various types of thermal turbo machines and their operation, flow mechanism through them, performance evaluation, design and testing.

Syllabus

General study of Turbo machines, Efficiencies, Incompressible and compressible flow analysis, Specific speed, Degree of reaction, Losses in turbomachines, Cascade Testing, Test results, cascade correlations, Axial flow turbines and compressors, Centrifugal compressors and radial flow turbines, Three dimensional flows in axial turbines, Axial Fans, Propellers, Centrifugal fans, Design parameters and losses, Steam turbines, Design of components, experiments on turbine blades, Internal losses, Governing, Hydraulic, nozzle and throttle governing, Ljungstrom Turbine, Gas turbines, Intercooling, Reheating and Regeneration cycles, Open cycle arrangements, applications, High temperature turbine stages, Analysis, Salient features of various types of combustion chambers, combustor chamber design

Expected Outcome

By undergoing the course, one will be able to understand the working of different turbomachines under different operating conditions, the flow mechanism, design parameters and will be able to design a system for the required output at the given conditions.

References

1. S.L.Dixon, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, 1998 2. Shepherd D G, Principles of turbomachinery 3. Horlock J H, Axial flow turbines 4. H I H Saravanamuttoo, G F C Rogers, H Cohen, Gas Turbines theory, 2001 5. P G Hill, C R Peterson, Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion 6. S M Yahya, Turbines, compressors and fans 7. G T Csandy, Theory of turbo machines 8. G Gopalakrishnan, D Prithviraj, A Treatise on Turbomachines 9. John flee, Theory and design of Steam and Gas Turbines 10. W J Kearton, Steam turbine -Theory and practice 11. R Yadav, Steam and Gas turbines

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12. V Ganesan, Gas Turbines

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Incompressible and compressible flow machines- Analysis, Fundamental equation of energy transfer in turbo machines - flow mechanism- vane congruent flow- velocity triangles- slip and its estimation- losses and efficiencies- degree of reaction, shape number and specific speed, Polytropic efficiency, Multistagingin turbo machines

3

15

Two dimensional cascades- Cascade nomenclature, lift and drag, losses and efficiency- Compressor and turbine cascade performance, test results, correlations, off design performance, optimum space chord ratio of turbine blades

4

II

Axial flow turbines- two dimensional theory- Velocity diagram, Thermodynamics, Stage losses and efficiency, Soderbergs

correlation, stage reaction, diffusion within blade rows, efficiencies and characteristics,Axial flow compressors- Two dimensional analysis, Velocity diagram, Thermodynamics, Stage losses and efficiency, reaction ratio, stage loading, stage pressure rise, stability of compressors.

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Centrifugal compressors- Theoretical analysis- inlet casing, impeller, diffuser, inlet velocity limitations, optimum design of compressor inlet, pre whirl, slip factor, pressure ratio, choking in a compressor stage, Mach number at exit

4 15

Radial flow turbines- Types of inlet flow turbines (IFR), thermodynamics of 90 IFR turbine, efficiency, Mach number relations, loss coefficients, off design operating conditions, losses,

3

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pressure ratio limits.

IV

Three dimensional flows in axial turbines- Theory of radial equilibrium, indirect and direct problems, compressible flow through a fixed blade row, constant specific mass flow rate, free vortex, off design performance, blade row interaction effects, diffusion within blade rows, efficiencies and characteristics.

3

15

Axial fans- fan applications, Fan stage parameters, Types of axial fan stages, Propellers, Performance of Axial fans, Types of centrifugal fans- Design parameters, Drum and partial type fans, Losses, Fan bearings and drives- Fan Noise, Dust erosion of fans

4


V

Steam turbine cycles, efficiency, Design of nozzle, Design of turbine flow passages- experiments on turbine blades, internal losses in steam turbines, state point locus and reheat factor, turbine performance at varying loads- Mixed pressure turbine, Back pressure and pass out turbine

4

20

Construction of nozzles, diaphragms, turbine rotors, cylinders - Glands and packing devices, bearings and lubrication , governors and governor gears, simple governors, hydraulic, hydraulic and nozzle governing, Ljungstrom turbine.

3

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Improvement in gas turbine power cycles- Intercooling, Reheating and Regeneration, its effect on performance, operating variables, open cycle arrangements, basic requirements of working media- Applications in air crafts, surface vehicles, electric power generation, petrochemical industries, cryogenics.

4

20 Higher temperature turbine stages- effect of high gas temperature- methods of cooling- high temperature materials- heat exchange in a cooled blade- ideal cooled and actual cooled stage. Salient features of various types of combustion chambers, principles of combustor chamber design

4

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6212 Computational Fluid Dynamics 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives Physical problems can be modeled as partial differential equation and often non-linear. These equations cab not be solved by analytical methods and suitable numerical techniques are to be applied. CFD is one such method and the basics, formulation, solution will be introduced to students.

Syllabus Introduction to CFD and principles of conservation. Classification of PDE. Finite volume method. SIMPLE procedure. Discretisation procedure, Solution Methods.

Expected Outcome At the end of the course the students will be equipped with mathematical background to solve a physical problem with CFD techniques. Finite volume method is explored to solve practical cases. Commercial CFD packages can be confidently used after understanding the theory behind it. Discretization procedure, time stepping, convergence etc will be explored.

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Introduction to CFD. History and Philosophy of computational fluid dynamics, CFD as a design and research tool, Applications of CFD in engineering. Numerical vs Analytical vs Experimental, Modelingvs Experimentation. Fundamental principles of conservation, Reynolds transport theorem, Conservation of mass, Conservation of linear momentum: Navier-Stokes equation, Conservation of Energy, General scalar transport equation.

Mathematical behavior of partial differential equations: Methods of determining the classification, General behavior of Hyperbolic, Parabolic and Elliptic equations. Solution of Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations. Elimination method: Forward elimination and backward substitution, Tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA):

7 15

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Iteration methods: Jacobis method and Gauss Siedel method, Generalized analysis of the iterative methods, Sufficient condition for convergence, Rate of convergence, ADI (Alternating direction implicit) method, Gradient search methods: Steepest descent method and Conjugate gradient method.

5

II

Grid generation: Algebraic Grid Generation, Elliptic Grid Generation, Hyperbolic Grid Generation, Parabolic Grid Generation. 3

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Finite difference approximations for differential coefficients, order of accuracy, numerical examples-Stability, convergence and consistency of numerical schemes Von-Neumann analysis for stability-Courant-Friedrich- Lewi criterion.

6 15

IV Finite volume method for unstructured grids: Advantages, Cell Centered and Nodal point Approaches, Solution of Generic Equation with tetra hedral Elements, 2-D Heat conduction with Triangular Elements

7 15


V

Finite volume discretization of convection-diffusion problem: Central difference scheme, Upwind scheme, Exponential scheme and Hybrid scheme, Power law scheme, Generalized convection-diffusion formulation, Finite volume discretization of two-dimensional convection-diffusion problem, The concept of false diffusion, QUICK, SIMPLE, PISO and PROJECTION algorithms for incompressible flow.

7 20

VI

Important features of turbulent flow, Homogeneous turbulence and isotropic turbulence, General Properties of turbulent quantities, Reynolds average Navier stokes (RANS) equation, Closure problem in turbulence: Necessity of turbulence modeling, Different types of turbulence model: Eddy viscosity models, Mixing length model, Turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation, The - model, Advantages and disadvantages of - model, More two-equation models: RNG - model and - model, Reynolds stress model (RSM),Large eddy Simulation (LES),Direct numerical simulation (DNS)

8 20

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6214 Control Engineering 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To introduce the mathematical modeling of systems, open loop and closed loop systems and analyses in time domain and frequency domain.

2. To impart the knowledge on the concept of stability and various methods to analyze stability in both time and frequency domain.

3. To introduce sampled data control system.

Syllabus

INTRODUCTION: Historical review, Parts of a control system, Multidisciplinary nature. Transfer function models. OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS: Feedback control systems Control system components. Block diagram representation. Signal flow graphs. Basic characteristics of feedback control systems. Routh stability criterion. Performance specifications in time-domain. Root locus method of design. , Polar plots, Bodes plot. Stability in frequency domain, Nyquist plots. Z-Transforms. Introduction to digital control system. Introduction to Fuzzy control: Fuzzy sets and linguistic variables, The fuzzy control scheme.

Expected Outcome

1. Ability to apply mathematical knowledge to model the systems and analyse the frequency domain.

2. Ability to check the stability of both time and frequency domain. 3. Basic knowledge of Digital and Fuzzy control systems.

References

1. Gopal. M., Control Systems: Principles and Design, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2. Kuo, B.C., Automatic Control System, Prentice Hall. 3. Ogata, K., Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall. 4. Nagrath&Gopal, Modern Control Engineering, New Ages International.

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INTRODUCTION: Historical review, Parts of a control system, Multidisciplinary nature.Transfer function models of mechanical, electrical, thermal and hydraulic systems. Analogies, mechanical and electrical components.

3

15

OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS: Feedback control systems Control

system components. 4

II

Block diagram representation of control systems, Reduction of block

diagrams, Signal flow graphs, Output to input ratios. 6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Basic characteristics of feedback control systems:Stability, steady-state

accuracy, transient accuracy, disturbance rejection, insensitivity and

robustness. Basic modes of feedback control: proportional, integral and

derivative.

3

20

Routh stability criterion. Time response of second-order systems, steady-

state errors and error constants. Performance specifications in time-

domain. Root locus method of design. 4

IV

Frequency-response analysis:Relationship between time & frequency

response, Polar plots, Bodes plot. 4

20 Stability in frequency domain, Nyquist plots. Nyquist stability criterion.

Performance specifications in frequency-domain.Lead and Lag

compensation. 4


V

SAMPLED DATA SYSTEMS: Z-Transforms. Introduction to digital control

system. Special features of digital control systems. 4 15

Digital Controllers and Digital PID controllers. 3

VI Introduction to Fuzzy control: Fuzzy sets and linguistic variables, The fuzzy control scheme. 4

15

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Fuzzification and defuzzification methods, Examples, Comparison between

conventional and fuzzy control. 3

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6216 Advances in Radiative Heat Transfer 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To reinforce the concept of radiative heat transfer and have a clear knowledge of

configuration factor.

To gain deep knowledge in gas radiation.

Syllabus

Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation, Nature and Basic Laws of thermal radiation. Electromagnetic

spectrum. Definition of characteristics of black body, properties of non-black opaque surfaces.

Introduction to radiative characteristics of opaque surfaces and gases, Introduction to radiative

characteristics of solids, liquids and particles. Radiative properties of opaque non-metals, metals,

Selective and directional opaque surfaces and selective transmission. Introduction to enclosure

theory and use of geometric configuration factors. Radiative exchange between grey and diffuse

surfaces, electrical network analogy. Enclosure theory for diffuse surfaces with spectrally

dependent properties. Enclosures with partially specular surfaces, radiation shields, semi-

transparent sheets. Radiation in participating media, important properties for study of gas

radiation, Radiative Transfer Equation and its solution for straight line path, Radiative Transfer

Equation for absorbing and emitting atmosphere. Radiation combined with conduction and

convection at boundaries, Numerical Integration methods for use with enclosure equations,

Numerical equations for combined mode of energy transfer. Numerical Solution Techniques,

Monte Carlo Method.Numerical Solution methods for combined radiation, conduction and

convection in participating media, Finite Difference Method, Finite Element Method, Zonal

Method, Monte Carlo Technique

Expected Outcome

Student will acquire good basics in radiative heat transfer.

Student will be able to tackle problems of gas radiation even for different conditions.

References

1. C. Balaji, Essentials of Radiation Heat Transfer, Wiley Publications, 2014.

2. Robert Siegel and John Howell, Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 4th edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2002

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3. Michel F Modest, Radiative Heat Transfer, Academic Press, Elsevier

Science,2003

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Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation, Nature and Basic Laws of thermal

radiation, Emissive power, Solid angle, Radiation Intensity, Radiative

Heat flux, radiation pressure

3

15 Electromagnetic spectrum, Definition of characteristics of black body,

experimental production of black body, properties of non-black opaque

surfaces.

4

II

Introduction to radiative characteristics of opaque surfaces and gases,

Introduction to radiative characteristics of solids, liquids and particles.

Outline of radiative transport theory. Radiative properties of opaque

non-metals, metals, Selective and directional opaque surfaces and

selective transmission.

7

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Introduction to enclosure theory and use of geometric configuration

factors, configuration factor between two surfaces. Radiative exchange

between grey and diffuse surfaces, electrical network analogy.

3

15 Enclosure theory for diffuse surfaces with spectrally dependent

properties. Surfaces with directionally and spectrally dependent

properties. Enclosures with partially specular surfaces, radiation

shields, electrical network analogy, semi-transparent sheets

4

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Radiation in participating media, important properties for study of gas

radiation, Radiative Transfer Equation and its solution for straight line

path, , Radiative Transfer Equation for absorbing and emitting

atmosphere

7 15


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V

Radiation combined with conduction and convection at boundaries,

Numerical Integration methods for use with enclosure equations,

Numerical equations for combined mode of energy transfer. Numerical

Solution Techniques, Monte Carlo Method.

7 20

VI

Numerical Solution methods for combined radiation, conduction and

convection in participating media, Finite Difference Method, Finite

Element Method, Zonal Method, Monte Carlo Technique for radiatively

participating media.

7 20

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6218 Solar Thermal Engineering 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To impart an awareness regarding collection and utilization of solar energy 2. To make student capable of designing a suitable system to tap energy in a

given situation.

Syllabus

Introduction to Solar Radiation. Instruments for measuring solar radiation. Method of collection

and thermal conversion. Solar air heaters. Thermal energy storage. Solar pond, solar refrigeration,

solar thermal electric conversion, other applications. Economic analysis of solar thermal conversion.

Expected Outcome

The students are able to design a suitable system to tap energy and use it for various applications according to situation.

References

1. F Kreith and J F Kreider: Principles of Solar thermal Engg.

2. J A Diffie and W A Beckman: Solar Engineering of Thermal processes

3. A B Meinel and F P Meinel: Applied Solar Engineering

4. S P Sukhatme: Solar Energy

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I Introduction, solar radiation- solar radiation data, solar radiation

geometry, empirical equations for predicting solar radiation. Solar

radiation on tilted surfaces.

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II

Solar radiation on tilted surfaces. Instruments for measuring solar

radiation.

4

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III Methods of collection and thermal conversion, Liquid flat plate

collectors, concentrating collectors. 4 15

IV Thermal energy storage- sensible heat storage, latent heat storage,

thermo chemical storage. 7 15


V Solar pond, solar refrigeration, solar thermal electric conversion,

other applications. 6 20

VI Economic analysis of solar thermal conversion. 6 20

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6222 Boundary Layer Theory

3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

Understand the boundary layer model and different analytic methods; and introduce advanced topics in applied fluid mechanics

Syllabus

Introduction, Importance of viscous flow, Governing equations,Navier-Stokes equation. Boundary layer approximations, two-dimensional boundary layer equations, asymptotic theory, Blasius solution and Falkner Skan solutions, momentum integral methods, introduction to axisymmetric and three-dimensional boundary layers, compressible boundary layer equations, recovery factor, Reynolds analogy factor, heat transfer, stability of boundary layer flows, Boundary layer control: turbulent flows-phenomenological theories, Reynolds stress, turbulent boundary layer on flat plate, pipe flows, flows in pressure gradient.

Expected Outcome

Students will be able to gain thorough understanding of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer.

References

1. Schlichting H., Boundary Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill, 1968. 2. Rosenhead, Laminar Boundary, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1962. 3. Viscous fluid flow by Frank M. White. 4. Hydrodynamics by H. Lamb

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I Introduction, Importance of viscous flow, Governing equations,Navier-Stokes equation. 3

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Boundary layer approximations, two-dimensional boundary layer equations. 4

II

Asymptotic theory, Blasius solution and Falkner Skan solutions, momentum integral methods.

6

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Introduction to axisymmetric and three-dimensional boundary layers, compressible boundary layer equations. 3 15

Recovery factor, Reynolds analogy factor. 4

IV

Heat transfer, stability of boundary layer flows. 4

15 Boundary layer control: turbulent flows-phenomenological theories

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7 20

Pipe flows, flows in pressure gradient.

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END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6224 Energy Conservation and heat recovery Systems

3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To impart awareness regarding conservation of energy.

2. Create awareness for the judicious and efficient usage of energy.

3. Acquire knowledge about waste heat recovery.

Syllabus

Energy conservation definition and concept-Energy conservation Act and its features Schemes of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)Sources of waste heat and its potential Waste heat survey and measurements,Definition, need, application, advantages, classification, saving Potential. Waste Heat Recovery: Concept of conversion efficiency commercially viable waste heat recovery devices. Heat recovery equipment and systems, Heat Exchangers, Incinerators Regenerators and Recuperates. Waste Heat boilers combined cycle Co-generation & Tri-generation:Energy conservation in Buildings and Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC)building envelope, insulation, lighting, Heatingventilation and air conditioning

Expected Outcome

1. Students will become aware of the importance of energy conservation. 2. Familiarize the energy conservation act and bureau of energy efficiency 3. Understand the need of waste heat recovery and energy conservation in buildings.

References

1. A K Raja, AmitPrakshShrivastava, Manish Dwivedi, Power Plant Engineering, New Age International Publishers 2. W.C.Turner, Wiley, Energy Management Handbook, New York, 1982 3. M.S.Sodha, N.K. Bansal, P.K. Bansal, A. Kumar and M.A.S. Malik, Solar Passive Building Science and Design, Pergamon Press, 1986 4. AmlanChakrabarti, Energy engineering and management, PHI Learning, New Delhi 2015 5. G.R. Nagpal, S.C. Sharma, Power plant Engineering, Khanna Publishers, 2013

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Energy conservation definition and concept-Energy conservation Act and its features. Schemes of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)) Designated consumers, State Designated Agencies

3

15 Sources of waste heat and its potential. Waste heat survey and measurements,Definition, need, application, advantages, classification, saving Potential

4

II

Waste Heat Recovery: Concept of conversion efficiency - commercially viable waste heat recovery devices. Heat recovery equipment and systems. Heat Exchangers types and applications. Incinerators and recuperators - regenerators

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III Fundamentals of heat pipe, heat pump and heat wheel.

4 20

Waste Heat boilers types and application design considerations 3

IV

Combined cycle and heat recovery. 4

15 Combined Heat and Power Topping cycle and bottoming cycle types of cogeneration systems and application 4


V Organic Rankine Cycles principle types and applications. 4

15 Trigeneration Technology- types- application

3

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Energy conservation in domestic and commercial buildings- Energy conservation opportunitiesand measures. 3

20 Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC) building envelope, insulation, lighting, Heating ventilation and air conditioning 4

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6226 Combustion Science

3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives To impart knowledge about thermodynamics of reacting mixtures, ignition and flammability, flame propagation and stabilization and different kinds of burners.

Syllabus

Thermodynamics of reacting mixtures bond energy, heat of formation, heat of reaction, adiabatic flame temperature entropy changes for reacting mixtures chemical equilibrium . Elements of chemical kinetics Law of mass action order and molecularity of reaction Arrhenius Law collision theory of reaction rates transition state theory general theory of chain reactions combustion of CO and hydrogen, Analysis of chemical equilibrium product concentrations using CEA. Ignition and flammability determination of self ignition temperature and experimental results energy required for ignition- flame quenching. Flame propagation premixed and diffusion flames, theory of laminar flame propagation empirical equations for laminar and turbulent flame velocities. Flame stabilization mechanisms of flame stabilization, critical boundary velocity gradient stabilization by eddies bluff body stabilization Gaseous Burner flames.Droplet Combustion.Boundary layer combustion. Combustion of coal -fluidised bed combustion-gasification of coal. oil burners, gas burners, stoves. Combustion in rocket motors shock tubes, combustion instability, supersonic combustion. Free burning fires-flame spread over fuel beds-forest fires-fires in buildings-liquid fuel pool fires-fire suppression and prevention. Combustion generated air pollution. Clean combustion systems.

Expected Outcome

The students will be capable of design optimum combustion chambers for the given requirements. They will be able to select the required type of burners for various applications.

References 1. Combustion Flame and Explosion of Gases- Lewis and von Elbe 2. Some fundamentals of combustion-D B Spalding 3. Fundamentals of combustion-Strehlow R A 4. Elementary Reaction Kinetics-J L Lathan 5. Flames-Gaydon A G &Wolfhard H G 6. Combustion-Jerzy Chomiak

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Thermodynamics of reacting mixtures bond energy, heat of formation, heat of reaction. 3

15 Adiabatic flame temperature entropy changes for reacting mixtures chemical equilibrium equilibrium criteria evaluation of equilibrium constants and equilibrium composition.

4

II

Elements of chemical kinetics Law of mass action order and molecularity of reaction rate equation Arrhenius Law activation energy collision theory of reaction rates transition state theory general theory of chain reactions combustion of CO and hydrogen, Analysis of chemical equilibrium product concentrations using CEA.

6

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Ignition and flammability methods of ignition self ignition thermal theory of ignition determination of self ignition temperature and experimental results.

3

15 Energy required for ignition- limits of inflammability factors affecting flammability limits flame quenching effects of variables on flame quenching.

4

IV

Flame propagation factors affecting flame speed premixed and diffusion flames, physical structure and comparison characteristics of laminar and turbulent flames theory of laminar flame propagation empirical equations for laminar and turbulent flame velocities.

4

15 Flame stabilization stability diagrams for open flames mechanisms of flame stabilization, critical boundary velocity gradient stabilization by eddies bluff body stabilization effects of variables on stability limits.

4


V

Gaseous Burner flames.Droplet Combustion.Boundary layer combustion. Combustion of coal burning of pulverised coal-fluidised bed combustion-gasification of coal.

4

20 Combustion applications-coal burning equipment, oil burners, gas burners, stoves. Combustion in rocket motors 3

VI solid and liquid propellant combustion, shock tubes, combustion instability, supersonic combustion. 3 20

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Free burning fires-flame spread over fuel beds-forest fires-fires in buildings-liquid fuel pool fires-fire suppression and prevention Combustion generated air pollution. Clean combustion systems.

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END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6228 Microfluidics 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. Introduce students the fundamentals and familiarize the students with important aspects of hydrodynamics in microsystems.

2. To make the students aware of various microfabrication and characterization technologies and different applications of microfluidics.

Syllabus

Introduction to microfluidics; Electrohydrodynamics; Physics at microscale; Hydrodynamics of microsystems; Microfabrication technologies; Microflow characterization; Micromechanicl flow control-micropumps and valves; Microfluidics and thermal transfers; Diffusion, mixing and separation in microsystems; Applications of microfluidics

Expected Outcome

1. The students are introduced the importance of development of microfluidic devices for engineering applications.

2. The students are capable to analyze various phenomena takes place in microfluidic gadgets.

References

1. Nam-Trung Nguyen and Steven T. Wereley , Fundamentals and Applications of Microfluidics, Artech House, 2e, 2006

2. PatricTabeling, Introduction to Microfluidics, Oxford University Press, 1e , 2010 3. Brian J. Kirby, Micro and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics : Transport in microfluidic devices,

Cambridge University Press, 1e, 2010 4. Dongqing Li, Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Springer, 1e, 2008 5. Sushanta K. Mitra and SumanChakraborty, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook :

Fabrication, Implementation, and Applications , CRC Press, 1e, 2012 6. Jean Berthier, Microdrops and Digital Microfluidics, Willam Andrew Inc.1e, 2008

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Introduction to microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices, Intermolecular Forces, Continuum Assumption, Continuum Fluid Mechanics at Small Scales, Gas Flows, Liquid Flows, Boundary Conditions, Parallel Flows, Low Reynolds Number Flows Entrance Effects Surface Tension

3

15

The electrohydrodynamics of microsystems- Electrokinetics, Electro-Osmosis, Electrophoresis, Dielectrophoresis 4

II

Microfabrication techniques Photolithography, Additive Techniques, Subtractive Techniques, Pattern Transfer Techniques, Silicon-Based Micromachining Techniques, Silicon Bulk Micromachining, Silicon Surface Micromachining, Polymer-Based Micromachining Techniques, Thick Resist Lithography Polymeric Surface Micromachining, Soft Lithography

7

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Experimental flow characterization- Pointwise Methods , Full-Field Methods, Fundamental Physics Considerations of Micro-PIV, Special Processing Methods for Micro-PIV Recordings, Advanced Processing Methods, Flow in a Microchannel, Particle Tracking Velocimetry

6 15

IV

Microvalves- Design Considerations - Pneumatic Valves , Thermopneumatic Valves, Thermomechanical Valves, Piezoelectric Valves, Electromagnetic Valves, Capillary-Force Valves

4

15 Micromechanical Pumps - Check-Valve Pumps, Peristaltic Pumps, Valveless Rectification Pumps, Rotary Pumps, Centrifugal Pumps, Ultrasonic Pumps, Micro- Nonmechanical Pumps - Electrical Pumps, Surface Tension Driven Pumps, Chemical Pumps, Magnetic Pumps, Scaling Law for Micropumps

4


V

Diffusion, mixing, and separation in microsystems- The microscopic origin of diffusion processes, Advection -diffusion equation and its properties, Analysis of some diffusion

7 20

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phenomena, Analysis of dispersion phenomena, Notions on chaos and chaotic mixing, Mixing in microsystems: a few examples, Adsorption phenomena

VI

Microfluidics and thermal transfers - Conduction of heat in gases, liquids, and solids, Gas flows at moderate Knudsen numbers, Convection-diffusion heat equation and properties, Heat transfers in the presence of flows in microsystems

4

20 Applications - lab-on-a-chip, microfilters, microneedles, micromixer,microreactor,microdispensors, microseperators, Digital microfluidics

3

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME6292 Mini Project 0-0-4 2 2015

Course Objectives To make students

Design and develop a system or application in the area of their specialization.

Approach

The student shall present two seminars and submit a report. The first seminar shall highlight the topic, objectives, methodology, design and expected results. The second seminar is the presentation of the work / hardware implementation.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of the mini project, the student should be able to 1. Identify and solve various problems associated with designing and implementing a

system or application. 2. Test the designed system or application.

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01ME6294 THERMAL ENGINEERING

LAB II 0-0-2 1 2015

Course Objectives

Enable the students to do convective heat transfer experiments and verify the correlations also understand the importance of various dimensionless numbers in heat transfer analysis.

Syllabus

Experiment on convective heat transfer, compact heat exchanger refrigeration system.

Expected Outcome

Students will be capable of analyzing heat transfer problems. Doing measurements using

probes.

List of Experiments 1. Generation of correlation for natural convection process by experimental method. 2. Generation of correlation for forced convection by experimental method. 3. Performance evaluation of compact heat exchangers. 4. Experiment to determine the effect of condenser and evaporator Pressure on Vapour compression

refrigeration system. 5. Analysis of Natural Convection in an enclosure. Evaluation of Nusselts number and comparison

with reported results. 6. Analysis of flow and heat transfer through porous media. 7. Flow and heat transfer in a rotating disc. 8. Pressure measurement using probes. 9. Experiment on flow visualization.

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SEMESTER - III


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01ME7211 Nuclear Reactor Engineering 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To introduce the basic concepts of nuclear energy production. 2. To introduce various types of reactors and factors involved in the construction of

nuclear reactors and 3. To introduce the basic concepts radiation protection.

Syllabus

Review of elementary nuclear physics, Nuclear Reactions and Radiations, Nuclear reactor

principles, Materials of reactor construction, Nuclear fuels and Nuclear fuel cycle, Boiling water

reactor, Pressurized water Reactor, Introduction to Light Water and Advanced heavy water reactor

concepts, Liquid Metal fast reactors, Reactor Heat Removal, The fusion process, Radiation safety,

Safety approaches in reactor Design, Regulatory process in India

Expected Outcome

1. Gain knowledge on different types of technologies employed in nuclear reactors 2. Gain knowledge on factors to be considered for designing equipments for

nuclear power plants 3. Awareness about the safety systems in nuclear power plant and radiation

protection

References 1. Samuel Glasstone ,AlexanderSesonske , Nuclear Reactor Engineering Reactor

Design Basics (Volume - 1), 4th Edition, CBS Publisher,2004 . 2. Samuel Glasstone,AlexanderSesonske, Nuclear Reactor Engineering : Reactor

Systems Engineering (Volume - 2), 4th Edition, CBS Publisher,2004. 3. Lamarsh, John. Introduction to Nuclear Engineering. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:

Prentice Hall, 2001 4. G. Vaidyanathan, Nuclear Reactor Engineering, 1stEdition, S Chand,2013.

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Review of elementary nuclear physics. Liquid drop model of nuclear

fission.

2

15 Nuclear Reactions and Radiations: Principles of radioactive decay-

interaction of , & rays with matter, neutron cross sections and

reactions.

5

II

Nuclear reactor principles: The fission process-chain reaction. Basic

principles of controlled fission. Reactor classification-critical size, basic

diffusion theory, slowing down of neutrons-neutron flux and power.

4

15 Four factor formula, six factor formula-criticality condition, basic

features of reactor control-fission product poisoning, effect of

temperature on reactivity.

3

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Materials of reactor construction: Fuel, moderator, coolant, structural

materials, cladding, radiation damage. 4

15 Nuclear fuels: Metallurgy of uranium, general principles of solvent

extraction, reprocessing of irradiated fuel, separation process, Fuel

enrichment.

3

IV

Boiling water reactor: Description of reactor system, main components,

control and safety features. 2

15 Pressurized water Reactor: Description of reactor system, main

components, control and safety features. 3

Introduction to Light Water and Advanced heavy water reactor

concepts. 2


V

Liquid Metal fast reactors: layouts, fuel design, Intermediate Circuits

Sodium pumps Auxiliary Circuits Reactor. 2

20 Heat Removal: Basic equations of heat transfer as applied to reactor

cooling, decay heat removal, Reactor heat transfer systems, heat

removed in fast reactors.

4

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The fusion process: Inertial confinement fusion, magnetic confinement,

Lawsons Criteria.

1

VI

Radiation safety: Reactor shielding-radiation doses, standards of

radiation protection, nuclear waste disposal. 4

20 Safety approaches in reactor Design: Defense in depth, design basis

events, beyond design basis events. Regulatory process in India: Site

approval. Construction approval, operating license and regulatory

inspection.

3

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME7213 Advanced Optimization Techniques

3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To understand the techniques and applications of engineering optimization. 2. To choose the appropriate optimization method that is more efficient to the problem at hand. 3. To formulate the given problem in a mathematical format that is acceptable to an

optimization algorithm Syllabus

Introduction to Optimization Linear Programming Non Linear Programming One Dimensional

Unconstrained Minimization - Unconstrained optimization of functions involving several variables

Constrained optimization Integer and Discrete programming Penalty Function methods - Goal

programming Pareto optimality.

Expected Outcome

1. The student will be able to appreciate the application of optimization problems in varied disciplines.

2. The student will be able to model a real-world decision problem as an optimization problem.

3. The student will be able to perform a critical evaluation and interpretation of analysis and optimization results.

References

1. H.A. Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction, Pearson Education

2. S.S. Rao, Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, New Age International Publishers.

3. A.D. Belegundu, T.R. Chandrupatla, Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering, Pearson Education.

4. H. M. Wagner, Principles of Operations Research, Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

5. Kalavathy.S, Operations Research with C Programs, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

6. M.S. Bazaraa, J.J. Jarvis, H.D. Sherali, Linear Programming and Network Flows, John Wiley & Sons.

7. Kalyanmoy Deb, Optimization for Engineering Design: Algorithms and Examples, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

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I Introduction to Optimization: Historical sketch, Engineering applications of optimization, Statement of an optimization problem, Classification of optimization problems.

5 10

II Linear Programming (LP):Review of simplex method, Revised Simplex method, Duality in LP, Decomposition principle, Sensitivity analysis.

9 20

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Nonlinear Programming (NLP):One Dimensional Unconstrained minimization- Single Variable minimization, Unimodality and Bracketing the Minimum, Fibonacci method, Golden Section method, Polynomial based methods: Brents Algorithm, Newtons method.

7 15

IV

Unconstrained optimization: Function involving several variables, Optimality conditions, Convexity, The Steepest Descent method, The Conjugate Gradient method, Newtons method, Quasi-Newton method, DFP method, BFGS method.

7 15


V

Constrained Optimization: Problem formulation, Optimality conditions, Lagrange multiplier method, KKT conditions, Farkas Lemma, Convex problems, Zoutendijks method, The GRG method.

Integer and Discrete Programming: Zero-one Programming, Branch and Bound algorithm for mixed integers, Gomory cut method.

7 20

VI

Penalty Function methods: Exterior Penalty Functions, Interior Penalty Functions, The Augmented Lagrangian method.

Goal Programming, Pareto optimality.

7 20

END SEMESTER EXAM

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01ME7215 Finite Element Method Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

The subject is aimed at providing knowledge for the mathematical formulation and solution using Finite Element Method for engineering problems associated with heat transfer and fluid flow. Basic formulation, solving and post processing will be studied.

Syllabus

Review of heat transfer, fluid flow and linear algebra. Finite element procedure usin

Documents

KTU MTECH THERMAL SYLLABUS