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National Informatization Assessment Tool (NIAT) Isaac KIM NIA ICT Consultant National Information Society Agency (NIA) Contact: [email protected] , [email protected] Thursday, June 18th, 2015

Korea's e-Government and NIA

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Page 1: Korea's e-Government and NIA

National InformatizationAssessment Tool (NIAT)

Isaac KIMNIA ICT Consultant

National Information Society Agency (NIA)Contact: [email protected], [email protected]

Thursday, June 18th, 2015

Page 2: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Table of Contents

NIAT Overview7 Stages of NIAT

I.II.III.

Background

IV. Example

2

Page 3: Korea's e-Government and NIA

I. BACKGROUND

Page 4: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Current Challenges with e-Gov. Projects

Governments and officials have a general idea of what they want, but some-times they do not clearly understand the specifics details

Lack of Technical Expertise and Understanding of Specifics

Budget and Time limitations

Individual projects are developed separately, there is no overall comprehen-sive or systematic approach to development

Fragmentation

Many countries do not have the resources to invest in long term preparatory projects.

Insufficient Political Capital

Many previous ICT projects have failed because of poor design, improper customization (Copy and paste approach), unsustainability

Page 5: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Korea’s Point of View (POV)

Commitment to increase ODA as a member of OECD DAC.

Contribution vs. Participation

Need for a strategic approach (comparative advantages)

Increasing mandate for international cooperation expansion to individual departments & agencies

Page 6: Korea's e-Government and NIA

NIAT’s Approach

An easy to understand approach is utilized to focus on specific projects that are needed. Based on the results of the tool, the government officials have a strong point of reference to rely on regarding what, how, and when to im-plement projects. Additionally NIA is always available to follow up with technical support whenever needed, and provide a bridge to other cooper-ating organizations if necessary.

Project focusing tool backed up by Korean technical expertise

The tool looks a very wide range of projects in a systematic matter. As a re-sult an overall general prioritized roadmap is generated (including basic pre-requisites).

Comprehensive approach to ICT projects

Accelerated and Quantitative Prioritization for Value AddedAllows selection and focus on core projects according to the most urgent needs as identified by the officials themselves. Additionally officials can re-fer to pre-costed projects from Korea’s experience. The tool also allows for an accelerated approach, in some extreme cases the tool can be com-pleted in one day.National Ownership of ProjectThe core concept of the tool is that the government officials knows best. The tool also acts as a consensus building tool to allow generation of suffi-cient political capital through workshops and discussions.

Page 7: Korea's e-Government and NIA

After the NIAT

The target country will have a overview of the e-Gov. situation for each sector in the country as well as a clear direction for devel-opment that is linked to specific e-Gov. projects based on previ-ous development projects

Be able to understand the e-Gov. maturity level for each sector-- quantified according to a standard leveling guide.

Have an understanding on the direction for development that is needed. Based on specific country issues that have been identi-fied, as well as improvement themes chosen to be most important, ICT projects most relevant to the country will have been identified and prioritized. (This can be also be further developed into a gen-eral national roadmap)

Have a starting point for development of future projects– the results of the e-GAT can be linked to specific Feasibility Stud-ies– access to technical expertise necessary for project design and development

Specifically the country will:

Page 8: Korea's e-Government and NIA

II. NIAT OVERVIEW

Page 9: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Purpose of NIAT

The purpose of the National Informatization Tool is to provide a facilitating guide-line for assessing and prioritizing core projects related to a specific country’s e-Government.

The results obtained from the national in-formatization assessment will provide the necessary basic information when imple-menting the “As-Is Analysis” and “To-Be Modeling” phases throughout the actual consulting project.

PEST Analysis

Phases of a Typical Consulting Project

EnvironmentalAnalysis

As-IsAnalysis

Vision & Strategy

To-BeModeling

ExecutionPlan

PreAssessment

e-GATMaturity Analysis

Assessment Prioritization

e-GAT

Not a complete consulting methodology, but a facilitating guideline for the consultant A project-focused tool for gathering basic information necessary for each project phase A pre-assessment tool which provides an overall direction for the establishment of the master plan A formalized & standardized evaluation tool for systematically assessing e-Government maturity A project prioritizing tool, with an emphasis on the improvement needs voiced by the client Also a e-Government Monitoring and Evaluation Tool (M&E)

Specifically:

Page 10: Korea's e-Government and NIA

NIAT Approach

The e-GAT does not require extensive time or resources: a simple one-day as-sessment of the maturity level and prioritization including introduction of Korea’s benchmark cases will give the client a general idea of what e-Government projects should be implemented.

1 Day Assessment

Introduction

Workshop Overview

PEST Analysis

Improvement Themes

Maturity Evaluation

Assessment

Project Prioritization

Benchmark Cases

The assessment is based on the presumption that it is primarily the client (government officers) who knows the answer to the problem, not the consultant

Through a one-day workshop, the client can participate in a simplified consulting process from diagnosis to pri-ority identification and establishing a strategy.

 If abundant time and resources are not readily available, the e-GAT allows a “quick assessment” for identifying priorities and establishing the relevant strategies thereof.

By introducing Korea’s e-Government benchmark cases alongside identification of priorities, the lead time can be reduced by defining quick win projects.

“The e-GAT primarily draws meaning from the insights of the government civil servants, since they have the best understanding of what needs to be done.”

Page 11: Korea's e-Government and NIA

NIAT Framework

Categorization into 4 groups: Government, Citizen & Society, Business, ICT Infrastructure

Service grouping into 16 “improvement themes” 46 indicators derived from the improvement themes

The e-Government architecture used for the NIAT is based on the UNU Architecture for e-Government, and has been tailored to fit Korea’s e-Government development model (11 initiatives and 31 projects) and history. The architecture for the National Informatiza-tion is categorized into as Government, Citizen & Society, Business, and ICT infrastruc-ture.

Improvem

ent Themes

PESTAnalysis

Political

Economical

Social

Techno-logical

GovernmentCitizen & Society Business ICT

Infrastructure

National Finance

Management

Administrative Process

Innovation

Inter-Ministry Coordination & Cooperation

Innovation of Public Educational Services through

new channelsCivil Access

Enhancement through Expansion of Online Services

Innovation of Internet Services to

Enhance Citizen Welfare

Innovation of National Disaster &

Safety Management

Services Enhancement of

Internet Services to Support Citizen Everyday Life

Efforts for environmental

protection

Simplification of Administrative

Service Procedures

Provision of Common

Business and social

Infrastructure

Innovation of Import/Export

Work Processes & Services

Information Resource

Management

Enhancement of National

Information Security

Establishment of e-Governance

Governmental services with

mobile technology

Page 12: Korea's e-Government and NIA

NIAT Indicators

Modified and Defined:

4 Groups16 Improvement Themes46 Indicators

National Informatization Assessment Tool

The NIAT draws its indicators from widely recognized evaluations for e-Government matu-rity assessment such as the ‘EU New e-Europe Statistical Handbook,’ ‘United Nations e-Government Survey,’ and the ‘Economist Information Unit(EIU) e-Readiness Index’ among others.

Page 13: Korea's e-Government and NIA

NIAT Assessment ModelThe PEST analysis provides an overview of the country’s macro-environment; the im-provement themes categorize the necessary themes for assessing national informatiza-tion maturity; and these perspectives combined can provide a clearer idea of what busi-ness opportunities lie ahead.

Level 1

Politic

al

Econo

mic

Social

Tech

nolog

ical

ImprovementThemes

National Informatization

Maturity Evaluation PEST

Analysis

National Finance Management

CitizenWelfare

Everyday Citizen Life

Administrative Process

AdministrativeServices

Info ResourceManagement

Common BusinessInfrastructure

National Information Security e-Governance Telecommunications

Environment

EducationalAdministration

Civil Access(Online Services)

Inter-Ministry Coordination

Import/ExportWork Processes

Initial

Developing

Defined

Managed

Integrated

Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

Comprehensive analysis of the coun-try’s macro-environ-ment, IT environment, and National Informatiza-tion maturity level etc.

The themes have been identified by defining service needs that arise as national informatization pro-gresses, and by referring to Korea’s benchmark cases that can accelerate national informatization development

The NIAT provides a level-ing guide with considera-tion to citizen satisfaction and national competitive-ness through: administra-tive efficiency, trans-parency, citizen services, business innovation, etc.

National Disaster &Safety Management

Page 14: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Link with Korean Experience

NIAT

Improvement themes derived from each strategy

Indicators based on the charac-teristics of the project

Categorized into 4 groups (G, B, C, Infra)

1

2

3

■ Based on Korea’s e-Gov. vision, goal and strategy, key cases of national informatization are reflected in NIAT

Korea’s Vision of e-Government

4Goals

System-driven GovernmentInnovation

Preventive System for a Safer Society

Sustainable Advancement

of e-Gov.

Customer-oriented

Customized Services

5Strategies

Human Resources

GlobalLeadership

GovernanceStructure

ProcessInnovation

National Informatization Projects

Administration, Business, Trade, Customs, Finance, Emergency Management, Education, Health, Transportation etc.

World Best Digital Government for the People

PerformanceManagement

Since the NIAT framework is based on the experiences of Korea’s e-Government devel-opment, the results of the assessment can be mapped out, examined and compared with the vision, goals and strategies of Korea’s e-Government. In addition, some experi-ences of the national informatization are considered.

Page 15: Korea's e-Government and NIA

III. 7 STAGES OF NIAT

Page 16: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 1: Country Positioning

The ITU survey results show a clear correla-tion between e-Government (National In-formatization)readiness and GDP per capita (Based on 10 core modules)

Each country has different priorities based on economic development and other levels

When identifying improvement themes based on the income level priorities a weight is applied

(Recommended: x3, Un-recommended: x1)

Dimension of e-Gov. Improvement Theme

Outreach

Governance

Policy

Infrastructure

Fram

ewor

k: R

eadi

ness

ass

essm

ent a

nd a

ctio

n pr

iorit

ies

Enhanced Delivery of Citizen Services through the InternetEnhancing Coverage of National Welfares Services

Systemization of Key National Databases

Government Services Enhancement(B2G)

Commercial Services Enhancement(B2B)

Nation Finance Innovation

Government Process Innovation

Inter-Ministry Collaboration

Information Security Enhancement

Business Continuity for National Information ResourcesTelecommunication Environment for e-Gov. Services

Integration of Information Resources

Dimension of e-Gov. Improvement Theme

Outreach

Governance

Policy

InfrastructureFr

amew

ork:

Rea

dine

ss a

sses

smen

t and

act

ion

prio

ritie

s

Enhanced Delivery of Citizen Services through the InternetEnhancing Coverage of National Welfares Services

Systemization of Key National Databases

Government Services Enhancement(B2G)

Commercial Services Enhancement(B2B)

Nation Finance Innovation

Government Process Innovation

Inter-Ministry Collaboration

Information Security Enhancement

Business Continuity for National Information ResourcesTelecommunication Environment for e-Gov. Services

Integration of Information Resources

Dimension of e-Gov. Improvement Theme

Outreach

Governance

Policy

Infrastructure

Fram

ewor

k: R

eadi

ness

ass

essm

ent a

nd a

ctio

n pr

iorit

ies

Enhanced Delivery of Citizen Services through the InternetEnhancing Coverage of National Welfares Services

Systemization of Key National Databases

Government Services Enhancement(B2G)

Commercial Services Enhancement(B2B)

Nation Finance Innovation

Government Process Innovation

Inter-Ministry Collaboration

Information Security Enhancement

Business Continuity for National Information ResourcesTelecommunication Environment for e-Gov. Services

Integration of Information Resources

Dimension of e-Gov. Improvement Theme

Outreach

Governance

Policy

Infrastructure

Fram

ewor

k: R

eadi

ness

ass

essm

ent a

nd a

ctio

n pr

iorit

ies

Enhanced Delivery of Citizen Services through the InternetEnhancing Coverage of National Welfares Services

Systemization of Key National Databases

Government Services Enhancement(B2G)

Commercial Services Enhancement(B2B)

Nation Finance Innovation

Government Process Innovation

Inter-Ministry Collaboration

Information Security Enhancement

Business Continuity for National Information ResourcesTelecommunication Environment for e-Gov. Services

Integration of Information Resources

Priorities: Low Income Countries Priorities: Low Middle Income Countries

Priorities: Upper Middle Income Countries Priorities: High Income Countries

Legend: Recommended Un-recommended

Source: ITU

Stage for identifying the country’s position and applying weight

(a multiplier) to the priority improvement themes

National Informatization Improve-ment Themes based on Country

Position

Page 17: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 2: PEST AnalysisThe PEST analysis provides general information on the country’s political, economic, social and technological environment for national informatization. The PEST Analysis is consisted of 18 major factors and 58 indicators, which are derived from World Bank’s WDI(World Development Indicators), etc.

Economic Factor

Government Finance SOC Budget Industry Support Administrative Efficiency

Political Factor

ICT Policy Administration Policy Government Organization Business Policy Legal Support

Social Factor

Technological Factor

National Infrastructure IT Security Interoperability IT Capacity Readiness for New Trends

National Welfare National Safety Social Trends Environmental Concerns

PESTAnalysis

PEST Analysis Factors

Page 18: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 3: Improvement Theme Selection

As a result of PEST analysis in Stage 2, National Informatization Improvement Themes which are considered to have the most pressing need, are selected.

A assessment in PEST analysis stages is then applied to the im-provement themes identified at this stage

At Stage 6, prioritization weight is added to the improvement themes identified at this stage

Improvement ThemesGroup Improvement Theme

GovernmentNational Finance Management Administrative Process Innovation Inter-Ministry Coordination & Cooperation

Citizen &

Society

Innovation of Public Educational Services through new channelsCivil Access Enhancement through Expansion of Online Services Innovation of Internet Services to Enhance Citizen Welfare Innovation of National Disaster & Safety Management Ser-vices Enhancement of Internet Services to Support Citizen Ev-eryday Life Efforts for environmental protection

Business(Economy

& Industry)

Simplification of Administrative Service Procedures

Provision of Common Business and social Infrastructure

Innovation of Import/Export Work Processes & Services

ICT Infrastructure

Information Resource Management Enhancement of National Information Security Establishment of e-Governance Governmental services with mobile technology

Page 19: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 4: Confirmation of Improv. ThemesThe participants of workshop select additional improvement themes which they consider is most important and urgent.

PESTAnalysis

Country Positioning

Confirm as appropriate

Confirm as appropriate

SelectImprovement

ThemesCross-check & add more im-

provement themes if nec-

essary

Group Improvement Theme

Innovating the Way Government Works (G2G)

National Finance Management

Administrative Process Innovation

Inter-Ministry Coordination & Cooperation

Innovation of Educational Administration Work Pro-cesses & Services

Innovating Citi-zen-Oriented Government Ser-vices (G4C)

Civil Access Enhancement through Expansion of On-line Services

Innovation of Internet Services to Enhance Citizen Welfare

Innovation of National Disaster & Safety Management Services

Enhancement of Internet Services to Support Citizen Everyday Life

Enhancing Gov-ernment-led Busi-ness Competitive-ness (G2B)

Simplification of Administrative Service Procedures

Provision of Common Business Infrastructure

Innovation of Import/Export Work Processes & Ser-vices

Innovating Commone-Government Infrastructure

Information Resource Management

Enhancement of National Information Security

Establishment of e-Governance

Governmental services with mobile technologyWorking level Government staff cross-check and addition of improvement themes by participating in workshop

Improvement themes client added (Stage 4)

Improvement themes identified through PEST Analysis (Stage 3)

Page 20: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 5: Maturity Evaluation (1/2)

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

In order to evaluate national informatization maturity, the maturity levels have been categorized into five levels and a standardized definition has been given for each level.

Maturity Evaluation Model

Initial

Developing

Defined

Managed

Integrated

Process has not been stabilized

Level of Informatization Maturity

Leve

l of B

usin

ess/

Syst

em in

tegr

atio

n; L

evel

of S

ervi

ces

Link

age

Established process for each unit business

Established and computerized unit business Database

General guidelines and offering of limited information

Established intra-en-tity process

Connected intra-en-tity’s related DB and system

Enabled download of important information and forms

Established inter-enti-ties process

Connected inter-enti-ties’ related DB and system

Online processing of administrative service

Established general-ized process

Connected/integrated generalized common DB operation and sys-tem

Generalized integrated management of e- re-sources

Seamless one-stop service offering be-tween department and entity

Page 21: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 5: Maturity Evaluation (2/2)

Level Process System Service Organization

1 InitialLevel

Absence of process Absence of related area system

Absence of corresponding area’s civil service

Absence of corresponding area’s management organi-zation

2 Developing Level

Established corresponding area’s Unit business process

Established DB and infor-malized corresponding area’s unit business

Enabled general guidelines and limited information via web

Established temporary task-force and irregular meeting for business of correspond-ing area

3 DefinedLevel

Established corresponding area’s intra-entity process

Connected intra-entity’s re-lated DB and system, es-tablished entity specific standard / interoperability

Enabled basic information search and link among re-lated sites, important infor-mation, access and down-load desired forms

Established permanent or-ganization, intra-entity’s taskforce and regular meet-ing of corresponding area (passive)

4 ManagedLevel

Established corresponding area’s inter-entities process

Connected related DB and system, and established common standard / inter-operabilityamong entities

Enabled online process of administrative service(civil application → process → issue → payment)

Established temporary task-force for connecting per-manent organization and re-lated entities, and regular meeting (active)

5 IntegratedLevel

Established generalized process (business integra-tion and expansion among different area)

Integrated/connected gen-eralized DB and system, generalized integrated elec-tronic resource manage-ment (physical)

Enabled one-stop for all administrative service of corresponding area via borderless online service point among entities

Established entity specific or independent permanent organization for generalized integrated administration of corresponding area

Indicator Leveling Guide

The indicator leveling guide for the assessment of the national informatization maturity level looks at the development levels of the process, system, service, and organization.

Page 22: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 6: Prioritization (1/2)

Improvement Theme

National Informati-zation Maturity

EvaluationBest Practices

Priorities

In order to prioritize the improvement themes, the national informatization maturity evaluation results and PEST Analysis results are identified and compared.

Priority Identification Process

Prioritization of Improvement Themes1

Improvement themes by country positioning Selection of improvement themes through PEST analysis Working level Government staff cross-check and addition of

improvement themes by participating in workshop

Prioritization by Best Practices2

Recommendation of indicators related to identified best practices Indicators that are the necessary prerequisites for improvement

themes

Prioritization of Indicators3

Difference between As-Is and To-Be at current level Lowest level of As-Is Indicators that have been identified as important through best

practices

Page 23: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 6: Prioritization (2/2)Within the results of the gap analysis, the priority of indicators is where the current level (“As-Is”) is the lowest and the difference between the expected value (“To-Be”) is the greatest (large gap), the second highest priority is for where the current situation (“As-Is”) is the lowest.

Priority Evaluation Matrix

IV

“Priority”Opportunity

Recommeded Project32. Enhancement of E-Gov Comm.

Network

33. Information Encryption System

34. GPKI

4. Local Gov. Administration system

3. Central Gov. Administration System

5. Digital Archiving System

12. G4C Integrated online citizen service window system

13. Online Citizen Participation Portal

18. National Disaster Management System

25. e-Procurement system

27. Business support single window system

41. National Archive information system“Non-priority”Opportunity

“Safe”Opportunity

“Challenge”OpportunityLo

wH

igh

Gap

Low HighAS-IS

33

11

32

31

46

13

34

3

4

5

4121

22 24118

2 625

726

27 28 37 3839 42 43 44

47 49 5040 4548

8

30

12 14

First Priority Priority

17

Sample

Page 24: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 7: Project Reference

Group Improvement Theme Indicator Relevant Project

Government

National Finance Management 1. Level of integrated national finance management

National Finance Information system (NAFIS)Integrated Finance Information SystemElectronic Fund TransferLocal Finance Information SystemIntegrated Local Education Administrative and Finance System  

2. Level of Informatization of regional(Local) finance management

3. Level of computerization of Tax Services Home Tax SystemComprehensive Tax System

Administrative Processes Innovation 4. Level of Document Processing and Computerization of Archives

e-Document SystemDigital Archiving SystemDigital Archiving System Local Administrative InformationArchive ManagementBPM (Business Process Management)Local Government Spatial Information link

5. Level of Informatization of Local Government Administration

6. Level of Informatization of the Central Government Administration  

Government Business Process System (On-nara)  

7. Level of management of critical national database

Integrated Citizen Information SystemIntegrated Automobile Management SystemReal Estate Information Management Center System

Inter-Ministry Coordination & Cooperation  

8. Level of administrative information sharing   Government Business Reference Model (BRM)Administrative Information Sharing System Consolidated Personnel Administration System9. Level of linkage between government functions

10. Level of integration for HR administration

Citizen &

Society

Innovation of Public Educational Services through New Channels

11. Level of computerization of educational administration

National Education Information System (NEIS)Integrated Administration & Finance System for Local Education Real-time Distance Learning System12. Level of education administration information

sharing

13. Level of ICT capacity development

14. Level of distance learning opportunities

Page 25: Korea's e-Government and NIA

IV. EXAMPLEKINGDOM OF TONGA

Page 26: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 1: Country Positioning

Low Income Countries Low Middle Income Countries

Upper Middle Income High Income

Less than $995 $996 - $3945

$3946 - 12195 More than $12196

By looking at the GDP level a country is currently ranked at, a general comparison can be made with other countries at a similar level.

Countries like Tonga, that are ranked as Upper-Middle Income countries generally focus on management of national fi-nances, innovating central government administrative processes, cooperation and data sharing among the central government and other de-partments, etc.

Results

Based solely on income data, Tonga is ranked as an Upper-Middle income country ac-cording to the criteria estab-lished in the NIAT.

Page 27: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 2: Country Positioning

Political Economic

Social Technological

• very strong leadership related to ICTs , dedicated organization on ICTs is leading the drive for national informatization

• business support policies should be further developed

• Small domestic market• Manual management of agro-

fishery exports• Basic national citizen data

needs to be managed in a standard system

• Need for internal ICT capacity dev.• Importance of free health, qual-

ity education for all, but chal-lenges with geographical limi-tations

• Protection and warnings from natural disasters needed

• High speed backbone avail-able, but efforts to increase usage needed

• interconnectivity among gov-ernment systems needed

• Services through mobile chan-nels a possibility

Considering geographical situation, national priorities and requirements, current technical situation

Page 28: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 3: Improvement Themes

Group PEST Improvement Theme

Government National Finance Management Administrative Process Innovation Inter-Ministry Coordination & Cooperation

Citizens and Society

Innovation of Public Educational Services through new channels Civil Access Enhancement through Expansion of Online Services Innovation of Internet Services to Enhance Citizen Welfare Innovation of National Disaster & Safety Management Services Enhancement of Internet Services to Support Citizen Everyday Life Efforts for environmental protection

Business (Economy and

Industry)

Simplification of Administrative Service Procedures Provision of Common Business and social Infrastructure Innovation of Import/ Export Work Processes & Services

ICT Infrastructure

Information Resource Management Enhancement of National Information Security Establishment of e-Governance Governmental services with mobile technology

Priority areas based on national situation have been selected

Page 29: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 4: Review of Improv. ThemesAdditional 3 areas have been discussed and identified

Group Improvement Theme Remarks

Government National Finance Management Administrative Process Innovation Additional Inter-Ministry Coordination & Cooperation Additional

Citizens and Society

Innovation of Public Educational Services through new channels Civil Access Enhancement through Expansion of Online Services

Innovation of Internet Services to Enhance Citizen Welfare Innovation of National Disaster & Safety Management Services Automatic Enhancement of Internet Services to Support Citizen Everyday Life

Efforts for environmental protection Automatic

Business (Economy and

Industry)

Simplification of Administrative Service Procedures Provision of Common Business and social Infrastructure Innovation of Import/ Export Work Processes & Services

ICT Infrastructure

Information Resource Management Enhancement of National Information Security Establishment of e-Governance Automatic Governmental services with mobile technology Additional

Page 30: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 5: Maturity Evaluation Results

Page 31: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 6: Prioritization Results (High)

Improvement Theme IndicatorPrior-

ity Level

Administrative process innovation 5. Level of computerization of local government administra-tion High

Establishment of e-governance 43. Improvement and establishment of e-Government/ICT laws and policies High

Establishment of e-governance 42. Presence of dedicated organization and related depart-ments for e-Gov. & national ICT promotion High

Enhancement of national information security 41. Level of IT security for stability of e-Government High

Administrative process Innovation 6. Level of computerization of the central government admin-istration High

Inter-ministry coordination & coop-eration 8. Level of administrative information sharing HighProvision of common business and social infrastructure 33. Level of business support services provided HighInnovation of import/export work processes & services 38. Level of integration/connection of e-trading services High

Information resources management 40. Level of business continuity for information resources HighGovernmental services with mobile technology 45. Level of civil service by mobile technology High

Information resources management 39. Integrated management of national information resources HighGovernmental services with mobile technology

46. Level of work method reform in administrative business by applying mobile technology High

Page 32: Korea's e-Government and NIA

Stage 7: e-Gov. Future Model for Tonga