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BUK BILONG KONSEVEISIN

ERIA MENESMEN

Tenkile Conservation Alliance

2009

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOK I GO PAS................................................................................................................. 4 TOK I GO PAS................................................................................................................. 6 HISTORI BILONG TCA.................................................................................................... 7

As tingting bilong TCA.................................................................................................. 7 Rot bilong winim as tingting bilong TCA....................................................................... 8

PROTEKTED ERIA........................................................................................................ 12 Protekted Eria - em i wanem samting? ...................................................................... 12 Sampela ples we igat pinis protekted erias!............................................................... 13 Konseveisin eria ......................................................................................................... 14

SAVE BILONG TUMBUNA ............................................................................................ 15 Ol manmeri na ol busgraun ........................................................................................ 15 Painim na kilim wel abus ............................................................................................ 16 Wokim Gaden............................................................................................................. 18 Marasin Bilong Bus .................................................................................................... 18 Kastom na Pasin Tumbuna ........................................................................................ 19 Senis long Kastom na Kalsa ...................................................................................... 20

SAVE BILONG SAIENS................................................................................................. 21 Tok igo pas ................................................................................................................. 21 Wanem wok bilong Saientis? ..................................................................................... 22 Distens Sempling Risets ............................................................................................ 23

LONG ENVIRONMEN ................................................................................................... 24 Tok i go pas ................................................................................................................ 24 Long Environmen ....................................................................................................... 25 Ekosistems ................................................................................................................. 26 Bikbus o Renfores ...................................................................................................... 31 Rileisinsip (Wokbung wantaim) ................................................................................. 32 Food Webs / Food Chains.......................................................................................... 33

BIODIVERSITY / (Kain kain abus, diwai, flawa na binatang samting) .......................... 35 Tok igo pas ................................................................................................................. 35 Classification (luksave gut na givim nem) .................................................................. 36 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................. 44 Bagarap bilong Biodiversity........................................................................................ 47

NATURAL RISOSES/ RISOSES BILONG GRAUN ...................................................... 49

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Tok igo pas ................................................................................................................. 49 Natural risoses – em wanem samting? ...................................................................... 50 Natural risos menesmen ............................................................................................ 50 Natural Risos Menesmen ........................................................................................... 51

REFERENCES AND CONTACTS................................................................................. 65

TOK I GO PAS Tenkile Conservation Alliance isave wok bung wantaim pipol insait long ol “moratorium villages ” na Wape eria long Lumi Distrik bilong Sandaun Provins, Papua Niugini. Ol papa graun bilong Tenkile na Weimangke i kamapim dispela konseveisin eria long banisim dispela tupela spesol abus. Nau TCA i helpim pipol bilong ples long kisim moa save long menesim na lukautim busgraun, abus na diwai bilong ol. Bikpela wok bilong TCA em long kirapim sampela wok bilong lukautim bikbus na kainkain abus wantaim. TCA ino wanpela kampani bilong wokim moni, o kamapim rot projek o bikpela divelopmen, nogat! Wok bilong TCA em long helpim givim skul long ol pipol bilong ples insait long Toriseli Maunten long lukautim ol bikbus na ol abus istap insait long ol bus bipo long abus i pinis olgeta. TCA i helpim tu long kamapim wok painim aut bilong Tenkile na Weimangke long maunten na kirapim protin projeks olsem rebit faming. Dispela wok bilong konseveisin ino samting bilong kisim moni, nogat! Em i wok bilong lukautim enviromen bilong yupela. Olgeta komiti memba i mama na papa bilong dispela konseveisin eria na yupela mas menesim olgeta samting gut na stopim ol manmeri huset i laik bagarapim ol samting long bus olsem ol abus na diwai. Sopos ol brukim lo bilong dispela konseveisin eria yu mas tok aut long ol na soim ol gutpela rot bilong lukautim na menesim ol risoses bilong yupela.

As tingting bilong dispela buk na trening progrem em bilong helpim yupela ol memba insait long dispela konseveisin eria menesmen komiti long lukautim

busgraun na abus bilong yupela gut Bikpela tingting bilong dispela liklik buk na trening em long;

1. helpim yupela ol risos ona wantaim save bilong ol renfores bilong PNG na ol kainkain abus na diwai; wei bilong menesim ol risoses wantaim save bilong tumbuna na sains; soim na givim piksa long gutpela wei bilong katim ol diwai na usim gut graun; na wei bilong lukautim ol visita ikam long konseveisin eria wantaim ol rot bilong kisim moa helpim

2. givim gutpela save bilong konseveisin bai olgeta manmeri bilong ples i ken isi long bihainim na lukautim ol risoses long graun bilong ol

3. bihainim ol rot istap pinis long kisim na usim gut ol risoses long graun na abrusim bagarap bai kamap long renfores bilong PNG

4. kisim save long ol lo bilong PNG we i sut stret long konseveisin eria 5. luksave long plenti diwai na abus samting we i gutpela long helpim laif na istap

insait nau long Toriseli maunten na PNG 6. strongim long lukautim gut ol risoses long graun we bai helpim ol pikinini na

tumbuna ikam bihain 7. givim save na helpim ol komiti memba na papamama bilong ol risoses insait

long ol konseveisin menesmen eria long ol yet imas lukautim gut ol risoses bilong ol.

Long pinis bilong dispela woksop olgeta manmeri istap insait long dispela trening inap long;

1. wokim kamap map long graun bilong ol na luksave long ol risoses istap long graun

2. raitim kamap 5 pela yia menesmen plen bilong usim gut ol risoses insait long wanwan hap bilong ol

3. paitim toktok na skelim ol hevi we bai i kamap sapos ol manmeri i hariap long usim na bagarapim ol risoses bilong ol

4. skelim gut ol rot istap nau long wei bilong usim gut ol risoses bilong ol

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5. kamapim gutpela tingting na wok bung wantaim wanpela na narapela. Gutpela save na wei bilong wok iken kamapim gutpela kaikai sopos ol manmeri inap long usim long olgeta dei long laif bilong ol long ples. Taim ol manmeri i usim gut ol skul insait long dispela liklik buk plenti taim bai ol inap kisim save. Dispela gutpela save inap tru long helpim olgeta manmeri bilong ples na ol menesmen komiti long kamapim na kisim gutpela helpim taim ol i lukautim graun na risoses bilong ol. Dispela Non Gavman Grup (NGO) ol kolim Tenkile Conservation Alliance (TCA), i bin kamapim dispela buk. Jean Thomas, Capacity Building Opisa bilong TCA i bin raitim. Melchior Yaisi i bin tanim long tok pisin na Bridget Hayes bilong Melbourne Zoo i bilasim wantaim ol piksa nambaut. Ol lain bilong Melbourne Zoo (AUST), Global Environment Fund (GEF-PNG) na Rufford Small Grants for Nature Conservation (UK) i bin givim helpim moni long kamapim dispela buk.

This Project was undertaken with funding from the Australian Government through the Regional Natural Heritage Programme. Plenti helpim i kam long gavman bilong Ostrelia ananit long Regional Natural Heritage Programme (RNHP)

TOK I GO PAS Tenkile na Weimangke em tupela narapela kain longpela tel kapul bilong diwai. Dispela tupela wel abus i bilong wanpela grup ol i kolim tri kengeru we namba bilong ol i klostu pinis nau insait long dispela hap graun bilong wol. Olgeta man istap nau long mak bilong traim banisim namba bilong Tenkile long noken pinis olgeta. Ples bilong Tenkile long Toresili maunten istap gut yet na ino olsem Ostrelia o plenti ol arapela hap long wol we igat plenti bagarap. Insait long Toresili maunten na bikbus, igat liklik bagarap bilong bus tasol na tu nogat narapela wel abus em man i kisim na putim igo insait long Toresili wantaim Tenkile long bagarapim em. Bikpela hevi tasol isave kamap long taim man isave go painim abus long bus na kilim Tenkile. Arapela kain abus i pinis olgeta nau em Guria pisin na Weimangke i pinis insait long Fatima eria. Tasol long 1999, dispela hevi i stat long pinis taim ol pipol bilong wan wan ples i bin wanbel long sainim Moratorium o tok orait long noken kilim Tenkile. Long dispela, TCA i tok amamas na tenkyu long kirapim dispela samting. Em i wanpela bikpela mak o step we pipol i mekim long helpim Tenkile istap long bihain bihain taim. Na tu, yupela nau i redi long kirapim wanpela Konseveisin Eria aninit long lo bilong Papua Niugini na em i bikpela samting tru long sevim dispela kain abus na ol narapela abus, bikbus na diwai insait long Toricelli maunten. Long dispela, TCA i amamas moa na tok bikpela tenkyu tru long makim maus bilong ol abus, renfores na ol manmeri bilong narapela hap bilong wol. Ol Konseveisin Eria Menesmen Komiti Memba igat wok nau long lukautim dispela samting yu redi long kirapim. Bikpela wok istap long han bilong yupela long kirapim olgeta samting na bihainim ol lo na mekimsave yupela i tingting long usim na lukautim busgraun bilong yupela. Dispela wok igat bikpela mining na em bai givim yu nem na namba insait long komuniti na long autsait wol. Sampela tingting mi givim tasol long yupela.

Mi bilip dispela liklik buk bai helpim yupela long luksave olsem busgraun em i bun tru bilong sapotim laif bilong yupela na ol pikinini na tumbuna long bihain taim. Yupela

mas usim gut busgraun na noken seksek long moni na larim bagarap kamap long graun na bus o diwai bilong yupela. Lukautim gut dispela liklik buk na usim dispela skul long

sevim graun na risoses bilong yupela long nau na taim ikam bihain.

Jean Thomas – Capacity Building Opisa Tenkile Conservation Alliance

HISTORI BILONG TCA Long 1998, wanpela miting bilong longpela tel kapul bilong PNG i bin kamap long Lae. Dispela grup long miting, ol i kolim long tok Inglis olsem “PNG Tree Kangaroo Population and Habitat Viability Assessment “ (PHVA). Long dispela bung, ol i painim aut olsem Dendrolagus scottae (Tenkile) na Dendrolagus goodfellowi pulcherrimus (Weimangke) istap long mak bilong klostu namba bilong ol long bikbus bai pinis olgeta aninit long wanpela mama lo bilong International Union of Conservation of Nature, (IUCN). Dispela miting tu i makim kamap wanpela lain long kirapim wanpela as tingting o progrem long banisim namba bilong Tenkile long noken pinis. Ol manmeri insait long dispela grup em: • Chris Talie (makim ol pipol bilong Lumi) • Johnathan Wilken (ARAZPA, Australia) • Gary Slater (Melbourne Zoo, Australia) • Frank Bonaccorso (PNG Museum) • Ilaiah Bigidale (PNG Museum) • Tony Jupp (Perth Zoo, Australia) • Maria Franke (Zenag Toronto Zoo) • Will Betz (Field Researcher / Tree Kangaroo SSP) • Peter Clarke (Rainforest Habitat, Lae) Bihain long dispela bung wanpela tim i bin kam patrol long Toriseli maunten long mun Disemba bilong 1998 tasol ol i bungim hevi bilong moni na ino pinisim gut wok patrol. Long mun Jun namba 18 de igo long namba 23 de long yia 1999, namba tu tim i mekim wok patrol long kisim stori na tingting bilong ol pipol bilong Toriseli maunten. Long dispela taim tu, ol i bin kamapim wanpela miting wantaim ol pipol long Lumi kansol samba we wanpela ten na tri ples (13) istap aninit long Toriseli maunten i bin sainim Moratorium long noken kilim Tenkile inap long 2 pela krismas. Long 2001 Tenkile Conservation Alliance (TCA) i bin kamap. TCA igat luksave bilong PNG gavman olsem wanpela NGO grup. Em igat 7pela bod memba long ol arapela bikpela skul na bodi insait long Australia na PNG wantaim tupela man makim ol papagraun. Long 2007 nem bilong ol bod memba insait long TCA em: • Graeme Gillespi (Zoos Victoria, Australia) Siaman • Chris Banks (Zoos Victoria, Australia) Director • Steve Hamilton (Taronga Zoo, Australia) Secretary • Roger Martin Memba • Matthew Akon (Maiwetem Village, Lumi) Memba • Patrick Ikon (Wigote Village, Lumi) Memba • Brian Pecyuma (Sandaun Provincial Government, Vanimo) Member

As tingting bilong TCA As tingting bilong TCA em long lukautim olgeta kain kain abus (biodiversity) insait long Toriseli Maunten. Long dispela wei ol abus inap stap longpela taim bihain. Dispela em mining bilong “conservation”.

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Rot bilong winim as tingting bilong TCA Wei bilong winim dispela as tingting em:

1. kamapim tambu long kilim tri kengeru olsem Tenkile na Weimangke 2. kamapim senis abus olsem rebit faming long ples 3. wokim risets long maunten na painim aut hamas abus istap 4. wokim edukeisin progrem long helpim olgeta man, meri na pikinini save long

lukautim abus, graun na wara 5. kamapim tambu eria long bikbus olsem konseveisin eria bilong Toriseli

Maunten. Ol dispela samting em sut stret long dispela as tingting bilong TCA long sevim abus (biodiversity) long Toriseli maunten. 1. Wok bilong tambu long kilim tri kengeru As tingting bilong dispela wok em long lukautim ol tri kengeru olsem Tenkile na Weimangke bipo long dispela tupela abus i pinis olgeta (extinct). Sopos ol manmeri long ples ino kilim dispela kain abus, tupela igat gutpela sans long stap laif long bikbus long taim bihain. 2. Wok bilong Protin Faming Aninit long dispela wok, TCA ilaik lukim olgeta man, meri na pikinini igat inap protin long kaikai olgeta dei long wik. Tingting bilong TCA i olsem, sopos yupela igat inap mit long kaikai dispela, bai stopim yupela long go na kilim abus long bus. Dispela bai sevim abus insait long Toriseli maunten na long ol bus klostu long ples. Dispela kain projek tu bai helpim long daunim dispela sik bun nating, na ol pikinini inap gro strong na kamap bikpela moa. 3. Wok bilong risets. As tingting bilong dispela wok em long helpim TCA skelim hamas abus istap insait long Toriseli Maunten. Distance Sampling em wanpela wei ol saveman bilong saiens i usim long painim aut namba bilong Tenkile na hamas arapela abus istap long maunten Dispela bai helpim TCA luksave long namba bilong abus we istap gut na namba bilong abus igo daun. Sopos manmeri ino go aut long bus na kilim abus, bihain yu inap luksave olsem namba bilong abus bai igo antap. 4. Wok bilong edukeisin progrem Aninit long dispela wok, TCA i laik helpim olgeta man, meri na pikinini save moa long lukautim abus, diwai, graun na wara. As tingting bilong dispela em long helpim ol lain insait long Toriseli maunten, Lumi na Sandaun Provins long luksave olsem wel abus bilong bus ino samting nating. Ol igat nem na namba long Papua Niugini na long wol. Dispela wok bai traim helpim ol lain long ples opim ai na pilim amamas na praud long lukautim ol risoses long busgraun bilong ol. 5. Wok bilong Konseveisin Eria As tingting bilong dispela wok bilong kamapim ol lo na sampela tambu eria long bikbus em long banisim ol manmeri long go raun na pinisim ol abus long maunten. Ol kolim ‘konseveisin o Protekted’ eria. Dispela bai helpim long registerim graun aninit long lo bilong gavman. Dispela lo bai helpim ol papa graun na ol lain long ples lukautim olgeta risoses bilong graun gut insait long Toriseli Maunten.

TCA ino wanpela kampani bilong wokim bisnis olsem baim vanilla na gold na wokim profit, nogat! Wok bilong TCA em long lukautim ol abus, diwai na bikbus

tasol (konseveisin).

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Plenti pipol i tingting olsem TCA em wanpela bikpela kampani na em igat plenti moni na bai wokim ol wok bilong gavman olsem rot, helpim skul o hausik samting. Plenti pipol i tingting olsem sopos ol wok wantaim TCA bai ol kisim bikpela pe. Na sampela laik askim long kisim helpim long TCA long baim skul fi samting. Dispela kain tingting ino trupela na gutpela. Em i wanpela sik istap insait long Papua Niugini na yumi olgeta mas traim long stopim o pinisim. Yupela ol pipol i mas tingting gut long pasin na sindaun bilong yupela. Sopos yupela laik kisim sampela helpim ikam long TCA, yupela mas wok hat na redi long putim liklik hap moni olsem 10 pesen samting long helpim yu yet. Senis ino inap kamap nating, yu mas wok hat long kamapim senis. Yu mas kamap ‘self reliant’, dispela em trupela na gutpela senis o divelopmen.

Yupela redi long wokim wok o nogat? Wok TCA i bin wokim pinis: TCA i bin kamapim dispela as tingting long wok progrem bilong em:

1998, Bung wantaim bilong ol lain bilong Tri Kengeru i kamap long Lae. 1999, Peter Clark an Chris Talie i bung wantaim ol 13 viles long sainim

dispela hunting moratorium bilong Tenkile long Lumi. 2001 Tenkile Conservaiton Alliance i bin kamap wanpela Non-Government

Organisation (NGO) insait long Papua Niugini. Igat wanpela bod we Peter Clark, Gary Slater, Lisa Dabek, Steve Hamilton na Chris Talie istap insait. Namba wan wokman bilong TCA, Tom Pringle i bin kam raun na wokim sampela awenes bilong lukautim Tenkile na busgraun bilong yupela.

2002; Wok TCA i bin wokim pinis: Namba tu wokman bilong TCA i kamap long Lumi em John Barry wantaim Rob Small. Ol i wokim namba wan distens sempling long Swepini.long maunten bilong Wilbeite ples long Fatima.

Konseveisin Opisa (John Barry) igo long patrol long ol ples, givim toktok bilong konseveisin long ol skul na ples insait long Moratorium eria.

Rob Small, Kasbeth Evie na John Barry i mekin wok painin aut bilong namba bilong Tenkile long Swepini. Rob Small i mekim ripot olsem namba bilong Tenkile istap long Toriseli maunten long dispela taim i samting olsem 140 tasol.

Long namba 11 na 12 mun bilong yia 2002, Nancy Sullivan wantaim ol sumatin bilong em kam raun painin aut tumbuna stori, kastom na kalsa bilong Wape pipol. Ol kisim stori bilong hamas Tenkile em ol i bin kilim pinis na tu long wanem kain ol kaikai bilong Tenkile. Ol stat long Wai’eli igo inap olsem long Hapseim ples long Nuku District.

Ol i bin raitim wanpela ripot pepa bihainim dispela wokabaut long tambuim namba bilong Tenkile long pinis.

Painim rot bilong wokim moni bilong mekim wok – kirapim na opim ai bilong plenti manmeri bilong PNG na Australia long luksave long wok bilong sevim Tenkile.

2003; Wok TCA i bin wokim:

Givim wok igo long Jim Thomas (Projek Menesa) na Jean Thomas (Edukeisin Opisa).

Patrol long olgeta ples na givim toktok bilong TCA. Sainim hunting moratorium gen, na igat 18 viles stap insait long TCA projek

eria o hunting moratorium nau. Kamapim distens sempling risets saits insait long 7pela hap bilong Toriseli

maunten. Wokim konseveisin edukeisin progrem insait long ol skul na long ples.

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Wokim edukeisin bilong nutrisen insait long ples. Kirapim rebit faming long TCA eria long Lumi.

2004; Wok TCA i bin wokim:

Stat wokim distens sempling long 7pela saits bilong Toriseli maunten. Wokim drama na redio progrem. Wokim skul edukeisin progrem. Wokim nutrisen progrem. Wokim rebit trening na kamapim rebit faming long ples.

2005; Wok TCA i bin wokim:

Skruim wok bilong distens sempling long 7pela saits bilong Toriseli maunten.

Wokim distens sempling Opisa trening progrem. Pinisim wok bilong rebit faming. Statim wok bilong kakaruk projek. Pinisim skul edukeisin progrem. Wokim drama edukeisin progrem. Wokim redio progrem. Wokim Tisa in sevis trening long helpim ol tisa long kamapim pepa bilong.

skulim ol pikinini na givim skul tu long ol tisa. Wokim wara saplai olsem wara tenk insait long ples. Stat long toktok bilong konseveisin eria.

2006; Wok TCA i bin wokim:

Skruim yet wok bilong distens sempling risets long 7 pela saits bilong Toriseli maunten.

Statim skul bilong wokim na lukautim gutpela gaden. Pinisim drama edukeisin progrem. Wokim liklik puppet show. Wokim redio progrem na givim wind-up redio long olgeta ples. Wokim skul bilong lukautim wara tenk. Kamapim meping woksop bilong konseveisin eria. Kirapim Weimang progrem we ol 9pela viles i bin sainim wanpela hunting

moratoium insait long Weimang (Sibilanga) eria.

2007; Wok TCA i bin wokim: Skruim yet wok bilong distens sempling risets long 7 pela saits bilong

Toriseli maunten. Ol lain long ples bin wokim tasol. Wokim skul bilong wokim na lukautim gutpela gaden. Winem Rural Wara Saplai na Sanitation Progrem (RWSSP) moni na

kamapim skul bilong helt na hygiene long wanwan ples. Wokim skul bilong VIP toilet, tippy tap na lukautim wara tenk. Givim materials bilong 60 wara tenk an toilet long ol Tenkile viles. Wokim skul bilong lukautim wara tenk. Wokim tisa in-servis trening long Lumi na Sibilanga. Kirapim rebit projek long ol Weimang viles na wokim skul bilong lukautim

rebit. Statim kakaruk projek bilong olgeta Tenkile na Weimang viles.

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2008; Wok TCA i bin wokim:

Skruim yet wok bilong distens sempling risets long 7 pela saits bilong Toriseli maunten. Ol lain long ples bin wokim tasol.

Kirapim wanpela distens sempling risets sait long Weimang eria. Pinisim ol wok bilong RWSSP. Sanapim olgeta 60 Tuffa tenk, VIP toilets

na tippy taps. Wokim lukim na skelim long ol RWSSP – ol kolim Monitoring na Evaluation. Pinisim ol wok bilong rebit projek insait long Weimang viles. Olgeta ples i

kisim skul pinis na kisim sampela rebit pinis. Kirapim kakaruk projek long olgeta 39 viles. Olgeta ples i bin kisim wia

pinis na olgeta Tenkile viles i kisim sampela kakaruk pinis. Wokim Konsevesin Eria Menesmen Trening long ol Tenkile viles pinis. Statim wok bilong skelim ol Konsevesin Eria land boundaries wantaim

GPS.

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PROTEKTED ERIA

Protekted Eria - em i wanem samting? Protekted eria em graun i stap aninit long lo bilong Papua Niugini olsem:

• Nesinel Pak • Wailaif Menesmen Eria (WMA) • Konseveisin Eria

Insait long Papua Niugini ol tumbuna i bin kolim ol protekted eria olsem “ples masalai”. Dispela em sampela graun we ol i pret long go insait na painim abus o wokim gaden. Dispela em wankain olsem wanpela protekted eria bilong tumbuna. Nau plenti kastom i senis na bagarapim ol kainkain samting bilong ples. Em nau gavman i bihainim tingting bilong wait man na igat dispela rot long kamapim “protekted eria”. Long dei 7 bilong mun February, 1963 Papua Niugini i kamapim namba wan protekted eria ol kolim Variata National Park. Dispela em i stat bilong kirapim plenti protekted eria insait long Papua Niugini. Papua Niugini igat samting olsem 51 pela protekted erias nau. Tasol Sandaun na Enga Provins inogat wanpela yet. Toriseli maunten bai kamap namba wan protekted eria insait long Sandaun Provins.

Ol lo bilong Protekted Eria Insait long Papua Niugini igat tripela (3) kain lo karamapim ol protekted eria olsem:

1. Nesinel Pak – em i graun bilong gavman kain olsem Kokoda Trail na Variata National Park.

2. Wailaif Menesmen Eria (WMA) – em i graun bilong ol papagraun tasol lo bai lukautim ol abus tasol. Kain olsem Crater Maunten, Lake Kutubu na Kamiali.

3. Konseveisin Eria – em i graun bilong ol papa graun tu tasol lo bai lukautim olgeta environmen olsem ol abus, diwai, graun na wara olsem dispela long Huon Peninsula.

Bilong wanem i mas igat Protekted Erias? Igat plenti gutpela as long kamapim wanpela protekted eria insait long ples olsem:

• Lukautim abus, diwai na flawa samting long stap longpela taim. • Rausim ol divelopmen nogut olsem loging na maining. • Lukautim ol environmen bilong abus olsem bus, wara na graun. • Lukautim ol kain kain abus (biodiversity). • Larim ol turis na saientis kam na lukluk long graun bilong yupela. • Lukautim ol raits bilong ol papagraun. • Lukautim ol kastom na kalsa bilong papagraun.

Huset bai wokim? Olgeta papagraun tasol bai wokim dispela samting. Ol kastomeri lenonas i ken kirapim wanpela protekted eria. Plenti taim ol lain long ples inogat gutpela save long kirapim kain projek olsem na ol NGO grup olsem TCA isave helpim. Taim ol pepa wok igo long

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han bilong gavman, ol lain bilong Dipatmen bilong Environmen na Konseveisin bai givim tok orait long kamapim wanpela protekted eria.

Rot bilong kirapim wanpela protekted eria! Rot bilong dispela samting em i longpela liklik. Yupela bai bihainim ol wan wan liklik step long wokabaut long dispela rot. Dispela samting bai kisim longpela taim na igat wok bilong em olsem:

1. olgeta komuniti i mas wanbel long wanem kain protekted eria yu laikim. Kain olsem Nesinel Pak, WMA o Konseveisin eria, bipo long wokim wanpela agrimen

2. komuniti i mas kisim gutpela tingting na wanbel long wankain tingting long wanem as ol i laik long kirapim protekted eria. Nogut sampela lain igat laik long loging o maining bihain taim na ol kros na hevi bai kamap

3. sindaun na wokim wanpela sket mep na skelim busgraun gut na raitim ol pilo mak (boundaries) long sampela hap graun long kamap olsem protekted eria

4. yu mas kamapim ol lo o ruls bilong lukautim dispela eria 5. yu mas kamapim ol mekimsave long wan wan lo 6. kamapim wanpela menesmen komiti long lukautim dispela eria na busgraun 7. toktok stori wantaim komuniti na kisim tok orait na olgeta mas wanbel 8. salim ol pepa wok igo long gavman; lokol level, provinsel na nesinel gavman 9. kisim tok orait bilong gavman olsem DEC, gavman ministas, bikman na gavana

generel (GG) mas sainim 10. Long PNG, gavman pepa ol kolim ‘Nesinel Keset’ bai tok save sopos graun

bilong yu istap aninit long PNG lo bilong protekted eria.

Sampela ples we igat pinis protekted erias!

Sampela ples insait long Papua Niugini igat protekted eria pinis em: Wildlife Mangement Area (WMA) Crater Mountain (Western Highlands) Kamiali (Morobe) Tonda (Western Province) Lake Kutubu (Southern Highlands) Hunstein Range (East Sepik Proince) Conservation Area Huon Peninsula (Morobe Province) National Park Variata National Park Mount Wilhelm

Sandaun na Enga Provins inogat wanpela protekted

eria yet.

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Konseveisin eria Lo bilong konseveisin eria em igat moa strong an winim WMA bikos WMA bai lukautim ol abus tasol na ino inap lukautim ol bikbus, wara na graun wantaim. So lo bilong konseveisin eria i winim WMA. Lo bilong konseveisin eria bai karamapim olgeta samting olsem bus, diwai, abus, wara na olgeta environmen. Lo bilong WMA bai karamapim ol abus tasol. Olsem na olgeta lain long Toriseli Maunten mas wanbel long kirapim wanpela Konseveisin eria na ino WMA. TCA i bin helpim ol lain bilong wan wan ples long kamapim wanpela konseveisin eria insait long Toriseli maunten. Dispela samting bai strongim raits bilong yupela ol papa graun na lukautim ol bus, diwai na abus bilong yupela. Ino samting bilong kisim moni o divelopmen o sevis, nogat! Dispela em i samting bilong lukautim busgraun bilong yupela bai olgeta pikinini na tumbuna ikam bihain taim bai igat inap abus na busgraun long usim na sapotim laif bilong ol. Sampela pipol igat tingting nogut olsem konseveisin eria bai givim papagraun sampela luksave long kisim kago o sevis samting bilong wan wan ples. Sopos yu ting konseveisin eria bai givim yu kain sevis olsem rot, skul, hausik, o wokmoni, dispela em kranki tingting. Dispela konseveisin eria em i samting bilong lukautim graun na raits bilong kastom na kalsa bilong yu. Ino samting bilong kisim sevis o helpim ikam long TCA o gavman—nogat. So tingting gut sopos yu laik kirapim wanpela protekted o konseveisin eria.

Em i laik bilong yu nau! Wanpela lain long Morobe Provins i bin kamapim wanpela konseveisin eria pinis—em i namba wan konseveisin eria insait long Papua Niugini. Sandaun Provins inogat wanpela yet. Sopos yumi wokim hia long Toriseli Maunten, dispela bai namba wan long Sandaun Provins.

Konseveisin Eria Menesmen Komiti Memba Taim yu kamapim wanpela konseveisin eria pinis yu mas kamapim wanpela komiti long lukautim olgeta samting na menesim dispela konseveisin eria. Taim yu makim ol komiti memba olgeta komunit i mas wanbel long husat igo insait long dispela komiti. Insait long dispela komiti em i gutpela yu gat ol lain husat inap toktok strong na ino maus pas na sem. Ol memba i mas wokim ol dispela wok olsem:

1. komiti memba mas tokaut long komuniti long strongim ol lo insait long konseveisin eria na soim ol olsem as tingting bilong dispela konseveisin eria em long lukautim busgraun na abus long stap gut longpela taim ikam bihain

2. patrol na go insait long konseveisin eria na skelim bus i stap orait o igat sampela bagarap

3. komiti bai lukluk long kamapim 5pela yia plen long menesim ol risoses bilong graun long dispela eria na kamapim sampela gutpela wok long lukautim na menesim dispela environmen

4. na tu dispela komiti bai lukautim ol visita igo insait long konseveisin eria olsem ol turis o lain saientis.

5. menesim ol moni i kamap long lukautim dispela eria (olsem ol saiens wok fees na turis fees etc)

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SAVE BILONG TUMBUNA Long pinis bilong dispela hap bilong skul ol manmeri i ksim dispela skul inap long:

• kisim save long pasin tumbuna na ol lo bilong lukautim ol risoses long graun • kisim save long ol rot we ol tumbuna i save kisim na usim ol risoses long graun • painim aut long save na sampela wei bilong ol tumbuna we i senis pinis • painim aut hamas risoses bilong graun istap nau bihain long ol senis na wei

bilong pasin tumbuna • skelim na luksave long wanem pasin tumbuna i gutpela long usim long lukautim

na banisim ol risoses bilong graun • skelim na luksave long wanem pasin tumbuna na ol rot we ol manmeri bilong

ples iken usim long menesim konseveisin eria bilong ol long taim bihain.

Ol manmeri na ol busgraun Ol manmeri bilong ples long olgeta hap bilong dispela graun isave usim busgraun long helpim laif. Ol igat plenti save long kainkain diwai na abus samting long bus, na wei bilong painim kaikai na wokim gaden. Dispela save ol i kisim long tumbuna long plenti tausen yia ikam inap nau. Ol isave gut tru long nem bilong kain kain diwai na flaua, abus na pisin, ol pis long wara na solwara. Plenti samting bilong busgraun ol manmeri isave usim bilong kaikai, wokim klos na haus, na oraitim ol sik na sua. Long taim bipo ol manmeri bilong ples isave kisim gut ol risoses bilong graun na lukautim gut busgraun na dispela ibin helpim ol long plenti tausen yia. Ol saveman na savemeri bilong saiens i painim pinis plenti hap hap bilong ston tamiok, bun bilong abus na pisin samting long hul bilong ston we i soim olsem ol manmeri long PNG i bin usim ol risoses bilong graun moa long 40,000 yia igo pinis. Dispela i soim yu olsem busgraun bilong yu tude i bin helpim gut laif bilong yu na plenti lain tumbuna bilong yu. Tasol bikpela wari nau em olsem plenti risoses long graun hia long PNG i pinis nau. Plenti risoses olsem “Guria” pisin na “Tenkile” klostu bai pinis olgeta. Bilong wanem PNG igat hevi nau long pinis bilong ol risoses long graun? Namel long 50 na 100 yia igo pinis plenti senis i bin kamap taim ol “waitman” ikam long Papua Niugini. Plenti pasin tumbuna i senis na pinis olgeta. Ol manmeri long ples igat nau gutpela marasin na rot bilong banisim sik na idai olsem na populeisin bilong kantri i gro na kamap bikpela moa. Dispela em i gutpela tasol plenti pipol nau i min olsem ol risoses long busgrun bai sot taim plenti manmeri i usim long sapotim laif. PNG na ol arapela kantri long wol i luksave long dispela hevi nau na i painim rot long usim na lukautim gut ol risoses long graun bipo long ol risoses i pinis olgeta. Insait long Papua Niugini 95 pesen bilong populesin i usim tumbuna graun long sapotim laif long ples. Dispela i min olsem sopos namba bilong pipol i gro bikpela, ol bai usim plenit risoses long graun long sapotim laif. PNG nau i luksave olsem namba bilong wel abus, pisin, diwai na graun i sot na bikpela wari nau em populesin i gro hariap na hariap tru. Busgraun ino inap kamapim ol risoses olsem abus na diwai hariap long sapotim laif bilong pipol long ples. Dispela em bikpela wari nau na PNG i mas hariap long painim rot long stretim na stopim ol bagarap long graun na wara, lo na oda, moni sot na hevi bilong helt olsem sik bun nating na HIV aids. Ol dispela hevi i kamap long wanem populesin i gro hariap tumas na inogat plenti risoses olsem abus na timba, moni o marasin samting bilong sapotim bikpela namba bilong ol manmeri na pikinini.

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Long plenti kantri long wol tude ol busgraun na wara i bagarap olgeta taim namba bilong pipol i gro. Plenti wel abus olsem Tenkile i pinis olgeta. Bikpela bagarap isave kamap long solwara, wara na busgraun taim ol bikpela kampani kam insait long wok maining, painim pis, katim diwai na wok didiman, o kirapim nupela taun na siti. Ol manmeri long ples i mas redi long senis na painim nupela wei bilong helpim na sapotim laif na larim busgraun istap fri bai ol pikinini na tumbuna ikam bihain i ken usim. Sampela rot bilong senis em olsem wokim gaden eria arere long haus na ples wantaim sped na fok, lukautim rebit na pis, kakaruk na pato na kirapim gen ol pasin tumbuna idai pinis we i gutpela long banisim busgraun olsem “ples masalai”. Konseveisin em wanpela gutpela rot bilong helpim laif bilong ol pipol na lukautim gut busgraun na wara long bagarap tude. Hia long Papua Niugini konseveisin em stap bipo long taim bilong tumbuna. “Ples Masalai” em wanpela hap tok bilong konseveisin we ol tumbuna isave usim long banisim bagarap i kamap long busgraun na wara. Bihain long waitman ikam plenti pasin tumbuna i senis na isi isi ol pipol bilong PNG lusim pasin tumbuna na bihainim ol wei na pasin bilong waitman. Nau ol pipol bilong PNG ino moa luksave olsem ol pasin tumbuna i bin helpim na sapotim laif long 40,000 yia. Bilong wanem nau na ol pipol bilong PNG i laik senis na kamap olsem waitman na ino lukautim gut busgraun na wara olsem ol tumbuna bipo?

“Indigenous people’s very survival has depended upon their ecological awareness and adaptation. These communities are the repositories of vast

accumulations of traditional knowledge and experience that links humanity with its ancient origins. Their disappearance is a loss for the large society, which

could learn a great deal from their traditional skills in sustainably managing very complex ecological systems. It is a terrible irony that as normal development

reaches more deeply into rainforest, deserts and other isolated environments; it tends to destroy the only cultures that have proved able to thrive in these

environments for centuries.” Brundtland Report – World Commission on Environment and Development (1987)

Painim na kilim wel abus Painim na kilim wel abus em wanpela kastom na wei bilong laif bilong ol pipol bilong PNG. Sampela taim ol man igo aut long bus iken kilim plenti kain kain abus na em ino gutpela long wanem dispela iken daunim namba bilong ol abus long bus. “Guria” pisin na “Weimangke” i pinis olgeta nau long hap san go daun bilong Toriseli Maunten long wanem olgeta taim ol man isave go long bus na kilim plenti. Namba bilong ol arapela abus olsem mumut, kapul na rokrok tu i wok long go daun nau na ino wankain olsem 30 na 50 yia igo pinis. Ol man long ples mas tingting gut nau na senisim wei na pasin bilong painim abus tude bai dispela iken helpim long sevim sampela wel abus istap long busgraun na wara samting. Long taim bilong tumbuna olgeta man isave wok bung wantaim long painim wel abus long bus. Wanpela bikman bilong ples, grup o klen isave makim taim na bihain sampela man bai igo long bus na painim abus bilong kaikai long bikpela dei bilong singsing, wokim gaden o nupela haus, o long taim bilong marit samting. Long dispela wei olgeta pipol isave tilim gut abus na kaikai na ino gat bel hevi o kros taim wanpela man i painim na kilim abus long graun bilong narapela man. Igat ol kainkain wei bilong kilim wel abus long bus. Ol man i ken kilim wantaim dog, spia na banara, usim ol mambu trap, diwai na kanda, o digim hul long graun we wel pik

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inap pundaun insait. Sampela man igat pawa o “mauswin” na inap singautim ol abus ikam klostu na kilim ol. Igat tu sampela diwai long bus we ol abus olsem kapul na ol kain pisin olsem bilak bokis isave kaikai na sindaun em igat tambu long katim. Long taim bilong tumbuna ol man isave painim na kilim inap abus tasol bilong kaikai na inogat bilong istap nating na westim o bilong salim long maket. Dispela isevim plenti abus istap long bus long kamapim nupela pikinini. Long sampela eria bilong Toriseli maunten long taim bilong tumbuna, Tenkile em wanpela spesol abus we ol man inap kilim na kaikai long ol spesol de tasol. Na long arapela eria igat bilip olsem sopos ol man i kilim plenti Tenkile na kaikai mit bai taim nogut i kamap. Ol i bilip tu olsem ol bikman tasol igat pawa o mauswin bilong kilim Tenkile. Sampela eria i bilip olsem Tenkile igat pawa bilong oraitim sik na dispela i mekim Tenkile i spesol abus tru. Plenti pasin na lo bilong tumbuna long painim abus i senis olgeta bihain long ol waitman ikam na kamapim gavman na sios wantaim nupela lo bilong ol. Ol manmeri bilong ples long PNG i bihainim nupela wei bilong painim abus we em isi tru wantaim gutpela lait long nait na ol samting olsem masket, string na ain trap. Dispela nupela wei i helpim long kilim plenti abus. Ol man tu ino pret moa long go insait long ples tambu o long busgraun bilong narapela long painim abus. Gutpela teis bilong abus bilong waitman olsem tinpis na mit, kiau na fres kakaruk i mekim tu na ol man i laik painim na kaikai moa abus. Dispela bai mekim na ol wel abus long bus bai i sot olgeta long taim ikam bihain.

Wei bilong Painim Pis na Rokrok Tumbuna wei bilong painim pis hia long Lumi em long putim mambu long wara, banisim wara wantaim graun na usim posin rop. Posin rop isave kilim plenti pis tasol lo bilong tumbuna itok long usim wanpela o tupela taim long wan yia. Long dispela taim nau plenti manmeri na pikinini isave usim aiglas bilong lukluk insait long wara na huk wantaim string long painim pis. Rokrok tu em wanpela abus bilong kaikai na plenti taim em i wok bilong meri long painim long nait wantaim lait bilong mambu. Long taim bilong karim kiau em gutpela taim long bombom na kisim rokrok.

“Those animals have a right to the forest too. They belong there. It is as much theirs as it is ours. If the water can no longer support the salmon, if the land can no longer support the

deer and bear, then why do we think it will support us?”

Simon Lucas – Chief of the Nuu Cha Nulth people of Vancouver Island

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Wokim Gaden Olgeta manmeri long ples isave bung wantaim long wokim wanpela bikpela gaden long wanpela yia. Long narapela yia ol bai wokim narapela nupela gaden na dispela inap long helpim graun long kisim gris gen. Ol ples tais na wara em gutpela hap bilong planim kain kaikai olsem diwai saksak. Long taim bilong wok gaden ol man bai katim plenti diwai, bikpela na liklik wantaim. Ol bai kisim gutpela liklik diwai bilong wokim haus tasol plenti ino gutpela bilong wokim haus ol bai bungim bilong drai paiawud. Ol bikpela diwai isave stap na sting nating long gaden na dispela i gutpela long givim gris long graun gen. Sampela diwai kaikai olsem saksak, tulip, kokonas, aran, galip na manko isave kisim plenti yia long gro na karim kaikai. Taim bilong kamautim kaikai olsem kaukau na taro, pitpit na aibika, o banana na yam samting, olpela gaden nau bai i gutpela long groim ol diwai kaikai olsem tulip na aran. Sampela diwai kaikai olsem kapiak, ton na mambu em gutpela long planim long makim graun bung bilong tupela o triplea klen o ples. Igat plenti diwai na rop long bus em gutpela long sapotim laif bilong man na long taim bilong wokim gaden ol manmeri mas lukautim gut. Sampela diwai na lip i gutpela long oraitim sik na ol rop olsem kanda em i gutpela long usim olsem nil bilong wokim haus. Sampela diwai olsem ton ol man imas katim gut bai nupela sut i gro gen long wanem em isave givim gutpela frut bilong kaikai. Busgraun istap insait long konseveisin eria imas igat planti kaikai olsem ton, wel aran, popo na wel limbum samting bilong ol wel abus bai kaikai. Taim igat kaikai bilong wel abus istap, dispela bai pulim ol abus igo insait na populeisin bai kamap bikpela. “The river is like our Indian refrigerator that keeps meat fresh. The forest is like our drug store that has our medicines. It is like a supermarket with all the food

and things we need. Why would we poison our water or clear the forest?” Kayapo – Paiaken tribe (Native American Indian)

Marasin Bilong Bus Papua Niugini igat plenti save long ol marasin bilong bus. Igat ol diwai, lip na rop long bus we ol tumbuna isave usim long oraitim sik na tu long bagarapim laif. Igat ol manmeri long ples wantaim save bilong luksave long wanem kain diwai, lip o rop we igat marasin na tu long wei bilong usim dispela diwai, lip o rop. Ol dispela kain manmeri wantaim dispela save oltaim isave kisim rispek long ol arapela memba bilong komuniti. Tasol bihain long gutpela helt na edukeisen progrem kamap, plenti bilong ol dispela manmeri ino moa usim dispela save bilong bus marasin na plenti idai pinis wantaim save bilong ol. Plenti yangpela manmeri bilong tude inogat bikpela laik long kisim dispela save olsem na dispela kain save idai pinis olgeta. Ol save manmeri bilong saiens ol kolim “etnobotanis” i wok strong nau wantaim ol manmeri bilong ples long olgeta hap bilong wol long kisim save long marasin bilong bus. Plenti bilong ol dispela save manmeri i bilip olsem ol bai painim marasin bilong oraitim sik kensa na aids long ol rop, lip o diwai bilong renfores long sampela taim bihain. Olgeta i wok resis nau long kisim

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save bilong ples manmeri bipo long ol bagarap i kamap long ol renfores. Ol i wok tu long kisim save long pasin tumbuna na bilip bilong ol manmeri bilong ples igat bikpela renfores, wankain olsem wanem samting ol sumatin na tisa bilong UPNG i mekim wantaim ol ples manmeri long PNG na Wes Papua.

“More than 75% of the 121 prescription drugs used around the world that are derived from plants, are said to have been discovered on the basis of initial clues

found in traditional indigenous medical practices.” David Suzuki – from Wisdom of the Elders

Kastom na Pasin Tumbuna Ples Masalai Long plenti hap bilong Papua Niugini ol manmeri bilong ples igat bilip long masalai o spirit bilong busgraun. Igat bilip olsem sampela hap bilong bus, maunten o raun wara igat masalai istap na mekim dispela i ples tambu. Sopos ol manmeri usim o go insait long ol dispela ples masalai bai ol inap kisim sampela mekim save o taim nogut. Sampela ples masalai i gutpela na ol manmeri i bilip olsem ol spirit inap helpim ol long oraitim sik, wokim gutpela gaden o pait wantaim birua taim ol askim long helpim. Igat bilip olsem ol kaikai na abus istap insait long ples masalai ino gutpela. Long sampela ples olsem Souleite long Lumi ol igat bilip olsem kumul pisin em piksa bilong masalai o spirit meri na sopos ol meri kaikai mit bilong kumul bai ol kisim sik. Kundu palai tu em wanpela abus we sampela manmeri i bilip olsem em i gutpela poro bilong masalai o spirit. Olsem na ol manmeri tambu long kaikai mit, tasol ol iken usim skin bilong wokim kundu. Sampela ples tu igat bilip olsem ol abus leg na han i nogut, ino gro gut o kala bilong ol wait em ol kamap long spirit na sopos ol manmeri kaikai mit ol inap kisim sik o sampela taim nogut. Bilip long masalai na spirit i helpim long sevim sampela wel abus istap long bus na dispela em i gutpela. Ples masalai em konseveisin graun bilong tumbuna. Bihain long ol misin na sios ikam insait long PNG plenti manmeri ino moa pret long go insait na usim ples masalai long wokim gaden o painim abus. Ol manmeri long ples isave askim ol pris o pasto long go wantaim ol na blesim ol ples masalai. Em nau ples masalai ino moa ples tambu na ol pipol save go insait long painim abus o wokim gaden.

Ples Tambu o Holi Long sampela ples igat sampela eria long busgraun o ples we ol manmeri i mas rispektim. Dispela kain eria em ol iken kolim konsevesin eria long wanem igat lo bilong tumbuna long tambu long man long go insait. Sampela bilong ol dispela eria em olsem ples bilong planim daiman, ples hait bilong tumbuna, raunwara o wara kalap we igat stori long taim bipo o igat holi wara bilong oraitim sik o helpim pikinini i gro gut. Igat sampela eria we igat gutpela graun bilong wokim sospen graun na imas tambu long katim diwai. Ol pipol bilong ples long Papua Niugini imas rispektim ol ples tambu bilong bipo na holim strong kalsa na kastom bilong ol tumbuna. Ol i noken givim baksait long ol wei na pasin bilong tumbuna na bihainim ol waitman, dispela em ino stret na i sem tumas. Ikam bilong waitman i mekim sidaun bilong manmeri long ples long PNG i isi tru long sampela eria bilong laif olsem painim abus na wok gaden. Ol liklik pikinini i isi tru long kilim pisin wantaim katapel. Ol bikpela manmeri i usim lam na tos long kisim ples bilong mambu paia long painim abus long nait. Long wokim gaden ol i usim tamiok na naip

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long katim bus na diwai na ino moa ston akis. Ol dispela senis nau i helpim long pinisim hariap ol abus na diwai samting long bus we bai inogat moa istap long ol pikinini na tumbuna long taim bihain. Long taim bilong tumbuna bipo ol man isave pret tru long wokim gaden o painim abus long graun bilong narapela ples o klen. Plenti taim bikpela pait na dai isave kamap sopos wanpela man i wokim gaden o painim abus long graun bilong narapela. Ol rait bilong graun istap long lida bilong klen o ples na tok orait bilong wokim gaden o painim abus bai kam long lida tasol. Long sampela ples, klen lida isave tok nogat long ol man wokim gaden long bus igat kain abus olsem wel faul na muruk istap long em na dispela isave stap olsem tumbuna konseveisin graun bilong wanpela ples o klen.

Senis long Kastom na Kalsa Long taim bipo ol manmeri long ples long PNG isave stap wantaim pret long kisim sik na idai long ol spirit na masalai, posin na sanguma, o ol birua kam pait. Nau inogat moa dispela pret long wanem lo bilong waitman i tambu long kilim man idai. Kristen bilip tu i daunim pret bilong masalai na spirit o posin na sanguma. Igat bikpela fridom long tude we ol manmeri long ples long PNG ino moa pret long wokim gaden o painim abus long graun bilong narapela. Ol lo bilong gavman na viles kot long stopim dispela paisn nogut tu ino strong tumas olsem ol lo bilong tumbuna bipo. Wanpela gutpela rot bilong stopim dispela pasin nogut em long kamapim konseveisin eria lo long strongim ol lo bilong tumbuna. Ol komiti memba bilong konseveisin eria imas wok strong long sapotim konseveisin eria lo long banisim na lukautim ol risoses bilong busgraun bilong wanpela na narapela. “In the 20th Century approximately 90 of Brazils 270 Indian tribes along with their

precious legacies of languages and traditional knowledge have been utterly erased from the face of the earth. It is crucial to understand that the recent political and cultural domination of native communities around the world by foreign influences has contributed to an exaggerated devaluation of nature,

though including traditional native ecological insights. Native views of nature have too often been unjustly denigrated as somehow inherently “simple”,

“primitive” or “naïve”. David Suzuki – from Wisdom of the Elders

Gro bilong populeisin Bikpela risen o as bilong ol risoses i sot long Lumi na PNG tu em long gro bilong populeisin bilong ol manmeri long 50 pela yia tasol. Populeisin bilong Lumi na PNG olgeta i gro 3 pela taim moa antap long taim bipo. Wantaim gutpela helt sevis na marasin bilong stopim sik na idai plenti moa pikinini ikamap insait long ol femili long Lumi na PNG wantaim. Bipo wanpela femili bai igat 2 pela o 3 pela pikinini tasol. Long kalsa bilong PNG bipo igat rot bilong stopim meri long karim plenti pikinini tasol nau gavman mas wok strong long sapotim rot bilong femili plening bai gro bilong populeisin iken go daun liklik.

“We do not inherit the land from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children”

Kenyan Proverb

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SAVE BILONG SAIENS Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri i kisim dispela skul inap long:

• save wanem samting em saiens na wanem wok bilong saientis • luksave long tingting na wei bilong wok saiens • bungim save bilong saiens na tumbuna wantaim na skelim sopos tupela i

wankain o nogat • usim save bilong saiens long helpim kamapim gutpela rot bilong usim gut ol

risoses long graun bilong ol • kisim save na wei bilong saiens long helpim skelim graun na menesim ol

risoses bilong graun • Tingting gut, skelim na tok pait long ol samting i bagarap pinis long busgraun

long wanwan ples.

Tok igo pas Saiens em rot bilong kisim nupela save na bikpela luksave long wok bilong olgeta kain samting. Plenti taim saiens i save helpim long painim as tru bilong olgeta samting na wanem rot bilong stretim ol hevi istap. Bikpela samting tru em saiens isave kamapim trupela stori long inapim o sapotim sampela tingting istap pinis. Ol rot na wei bilong saiens inap helpim saientis long painim tru as bilong wok bilong ol na kamapim olsem em trupela wok. Ol saientis isave raitim buk na stori long trupela wok bilong ol. Arapela saientis ikam bihain huset igat laik long save moa long ol dispela wok, ol i ken ritim dispela buk istap pinis long kisim moa save o skruim dispela wok igo moa. Olgeta manmeri isave laik painim aut na askim plenti kwesten na dispela i min olsem yumi olgeta i saientis. Saiens istap bipo yet long taim ol manmeri i kamap nupela long graun ikam inap taim ol samting bilong wok gaden na paia i kamap, na ikam inap tude wantaim stat bilong komputa teknologi we istap nau long plenti kantri bilong “waitman”. Long sampela taim long histori bilong PNG wanpela man o meri i mas luksave olsem igat gutpela kaikai stap insait long diwai saksak. Ol nau i usim save bilong saiens long painim isi pela rot long rausim kaikai kam aut long dispela diwai saksak. Saiens nau i karamapim plenti eria long laif bilong mipela tude. Olgeta save bilong kamapim kaikai long graun na wokim long masin samting i usim saiens. Saiens i helpim mipela long save moa long wara na win bilong pulim we mipela ol man i nidim long stap laif olgeta de long graun. Save bilong saiens iken helpim laif na tu em iken bagarapim laif. Ol kain marasin nogut bilong wok didiman, maining na ol rabis bilong ol fektori bilong wokim ol kainkain kaikai na klos samting inap bagarapim win bilong pulim, busgraun na wara wantaim plenti wel abus , pisin na pis samting. Ol saientis i luksave nau long dispela na usim wanpela nupela hap bilong saiens ol i kolim “konseveisin” long banisim pinis bilong ol wel abus, pisin na pis samting wantaim bagarap i kamap long busgraun na wara. Dispela hap skul bai helpim yupela long save gut long ol rot na wei ol saientis i bungim tingting wantaim na wokim risets wok bilong ol. Long dispela hap skul tu bai yupela inap luksave long sampela bilip bilong saiens na save long wok bilong busgraun (environmen). Putim dispela save bilong saiens wantaim save bilong tumbuna bai inap helpim yupela long usim na menesim gut ol risoses istap long ples bilong yupela.

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Wanem wok bilong Saientis? Wok bilong saientis em long painim tok tru. Saientis i mas bungim olgeta tingting na tok tru long sapotim bilip bilong ol. Ol i mas usim gut olgeta rot na wei bilong saiens long kamapim bilip bilong ol olsem samting tru bai ol arapela saientis na komuniti bilong ples graun bai bilipim, sapotim na bihainim wok bilong ol. Ol kain rot na wei bilong saiens we ol saientis i mas bihainim em: Obseveisin (lukim)

Dispela em namba wan step. Ol saientis mas lukim samting bipo long ol iken kwesten o painim aut. Kain olsem Tim Flannery i lukim piksa bilong Tenkile bipo long em painim aut namba bilong dispela abus long Toriseli maunten.

Hipotesis (kwesten)

Bihain long Tim Flannery lukim piksa bilong Tenkile, em bai askim long namba istap nau. Em yet iken mekim kes olsem 200 Tenkile samting istap long bikbus bilong Toriseli maunten.

Meteriel (samting bilong wok)

Ol samting saientis imas usim long mekim wok. Kain olsem long taim bilong wokim distens sempling, saientis wantaim ol helpim man bilong em bai nidim kilok, pen, pepa na tepmesa samting.

Metod (rot bilong bihainim)

Ol step, rot na wei bilong bihainim long painim aut wanpela samting long saiens. Kain olsem taim bilong kauntim namba bilong Tenkile long bus, wanpela saientis wantaim ol wokman bilong em mas painim na kauntim pekpek na putim insait long emti plastik konteina igat etenol long em.

Risals (wanem samting kamap)

Bihain long namba bilong pekpek igo insait long komputa na masin usim spesol wok namba (maths) long givim hamas namba bilong Tenkile istap long bus.

Konklusen (wokim stori bihainim risals)

Skelim ol risals bilong wok painim aut wantaim sampela gutpela tingting. Diskasen (skelim toktok)

Toktok na skelim gut olgeta hap bilong dispela wok painim aut bilong saiens, lukluk long ol meteriel, metod na risals sopos olgeta samting i stret na bihainim wanem samting saientis lukim na tingting long kisim long dispela wok painim aut. Kain olsem igat 180 Tenkile tru tru istap long bikbus bilong Toriseli maunten na ino 200 olsem Tim Flannery i bin ting.

Replikesin (wokim wankain wok long plenti hap)

Wokim wok painim aut long bikpela hap o eria bai dispela iken helpim long kamapim trupela risals.

Repetisen (wokim gen wok painim aut plenti taim) Wokim wok painim aut plenti taim bai igat sans long kisim trupela risals. Dispela bai i helpim saientis long taim bihain long save sopos namba bilong Tenkile igo antap o igo daun.

“Scientific expertise is so narrowly focused and specialized that it can barely comprehend the dimensions and the interconnectedness of life”

David Suzuki – from Wisdom of the Elders

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Distens Sempling Risets Dispela em wanpela risets teknik o wei ol save manmeri bilong saiens i usim long kauntim namba bilong wel abus olsem “Tenkile” long bikbus. Long bekim kwesten olsem; “hamas Tenkile istap long Toriseli maunten”? Sampela man bilong ples bai tok plenti istap. Arapela bai tok ino plenti istap. Na sampela bai tok ol ino save. Bai igat plenti kainkain bekim. Distens sempling em i gutpela rot tru bilong painim aut stret namba bilong wel abus istap long bus. Namba wan samting long wokim distens sempling em saientis mas kamapim risets sait o ples bilong mekim wok painim wel abus. Long olgeta taim bilong wok painim aut saientis mas usim seim hap bilong wok tasol. Wanpela saientis bai faul sopos em ino kamapim wanpela risets sait. Distens sempling risets sait em wanpela eria we igat ol mak saientis makim wantaim tepmesa. Antap long kil imas igat wanpela lain ol kolim “bes lain” we igat tiket long olgeta 50 mita mak. Bihain long dispela imas igat sampela “poin” igo aut long olgeta bes lain, kain olsem bihainim wanpela sait bilong maunten. Dispela poin ol kolim “trensek lain”. Bihain long makim tiket bai igat 150 poin istap insait long wanpela hap graun long bikbus. Dispela mak nau bai helpim saientis na em ino inap faul long bikbus. Wok bilong distens sempling em taim bilong painim pekpek. Imas igat 3pela man sanap klostu long mak o tiket. Wanpela bai kamap lida na bai holim stop kilok bilong sekim na skelim taim na tupela man bai wokabaut raun stat long dispela tiket mak na painim pekpek bilong wel abus long graun. Ol bai lukluk long 4pela minit tasol na bihain long dispela bai sekim hamas distens namel long pekpek na tiket mak. Kisim pekpek na putim insait long plastik konteina na Projek Menesa bai sekim pekpek long painim gras bilong wel abus. Dispela bai soim wanem kain abus i pekpek; Tenkile, Weimangke, Sikau, Kapul o Mumut? TCA bin wokim wok bilong distens sempling stat long 2003 ikam inap nau 2007. Projek Menesa Jim Thomas bai putim ol namba bilong pek pek insait long komputa na usim spesol wok namba (maths) long skelim distens na namba bilong pekpek. Dispela nau bai helpim long givim namba bilong hamas Tenkile i stap long Toriseli Maunten. Risals bilong distens sempling istap nau ino trupela, em klostu tasol long trupela risals. Dispela senses o kauntim bilong Tenkile bai soim TCA sopos namba bilong Tenkile igo antap, istap wankain o namba igo daun long wan wan yia. Long 2004, distens sempling i soim olsem igat 188 Tenkile insait long Toriseli Maunten. Long 2005 igat 226. Na long 2006/2007 risals ino kamap yet. Tasol sopos namba igo antap long 226, em bai soim olsem namba bilong Tenkile i gro. Dispela bai i gutpela risal. Na bai soim olsem TCA na ol lain long ples i bihainim gut dispela luksave bilong tambu long kilim Tenkile. Sapos ino bin igat dispela luksave na tok orait long tambu long kilim Tenkile bai dispela abus klostu dai na pinis olgeta. So em laki tru na i gutpela long kamapim dispela agrimen long tambu long kilim Tenkile. Em nau dispela wok bilong painim aut hamas Tenkile istap yet long bikbus, em ol kolim long tok Inglis olsem “Distance Sampling”. Dispela wok istap aninit long nupela hap bilong saiens ol kolim long Inglis olsem “Conservation”. Sampela taim bihain olgeta wok bilong Distance Sampling long Toriseli Maunten bai go insait long sampela saiens pepa na givim stori bilong ol save manmeri bilong saiens long hamas Tenkile na ol narapela abus istap insait long bikbus bilong Toriseli maunten.

LONG ENVIRONMEN Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri i kisim dispela skul inap long:

• luksave long tingting na toktok bilong saiens i sut stret long environmen • luksave long senis bilong graun long histori bilong Papua Niugini we i helpim

long kamapim kain kain abus na diwai samting • save long samting tru bilong ol rot bilong environmen we i sapotim laif olsem;

wara, kabon na nitrosin saikol • luksave olsem bagarap kamap long environmen bilong PNG inap kamapim hevi

igo long arapela hap bilong wol • amamas long ol gutpela samting bilong environmen we i helpim laif long

dispela ples graun • bungim save bilong tumbuna na saiens wantaim, skelim na lukim sopos tupela i

wankain o nogat • usim save bilong saiens long helpim kamapim stretpela tingting long usim gut ol

risoses bilong graun • kisim save na wei bilong saiens long helpim skelim graun na menesim ol

risoses bilong graun • tingting gut, skelim na tok pait long ol samting i bagarap pinis long environmen

long ples.

Tok i go pas Saiens igat kainkain tokples na plenti nem bilong kainkain samting. Sampela man i tok olsem igat plenti tokples long saiens moa long lainim wanpela nupela tokples. Wanpela nem na tokples long saiens igat mining bilong em yet na ol saientis oltaim isave tok pait taim nupela tok tru i kamap long risets wok. Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri kisim dispela skul inap save gut long wan wan tokples na nem insait long saiens we bai helpim konseveisin menesmen. Bipo long dispela skul olgeta mas save long ol dispela tokples na nem bilong wan wan samting na wanem mining bilong ol. Hebitet (ples hait) – ples hait bilong ol abus, pisin, pis na rokrok samting olsem; diwai, hul bilong ston na graun, wara na bikbus. Ekosistem – bung wantaim bilong ol abus, diwai na bikbus olgeta. Ekosistem i karamapim abus, diwai na bikbus olgeta. Ol save manmeri bilong saiens ol kolim olsem Ekologists isave lukluk na stadi long wok bung wantaim namel long bikbus, diwai, abus na pisin o namel long ol abus yet. Dispela bai helpim mipela long save long wanem we olgeta samting save stap wantaim na helpim ol yet. Environmen – ples i karamapim ol samting igat laif na ol dispela inogat laif we i sapotim wanpela okenisem long stap laif. Environmen em i olsem wanpela ples, taun, gaden o bikbus. Okenisem – kain kain samting igat laif olsem; diwai, flawa, abus, pisin, pis, talinga na ol liklik binatang we yu no inap lukim wantaim ai olsem bakteria na protosoa.

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Long Environmen Namba wan samting yu mas save, em long wanem wei graun bilong Papua Niugini i bin kamap. Ol saientis igat dispela kain tingting olsem; plenti milien yia bipo olgeta graun bilong wol istap wanpela bikpela hap graun tasol. Ol kolim long saiens olsem “Pangea”. Sampela taim bihain dispela bikpela hap graun i bruk na kamap tupela hap we ol kolim olsem “Lurasia” na “Gondwanaland”. Graun bilong Gondwanaland i karamapim, Niugini, Ostrelia, Entatika, Saut Amerika na Afrika. Ol arapela kantri long wol i stap insait long Lurasia. Sampela taim bihain dispela gondwanaland i bruk gen. Graun bilong Afrika igo pas, bihain Saut Amerika i bruk na kamap blong em yet. Bihain gen Entatika i bruk lusim Ostrelia na Niugini istap wantaim long 20 milien yia samting. Long dispela taim plenti spesol abus olsem ol dipela igat bilum i bin kamap. Orait long plenti yia bipo olsem Jurrasic taim (160 milien yia bipo man i bin kamap laip) na ol abus ol kolim dainaso i bin stap long graun. Ol graun bilong Niugini i bin senis isi isi longpela taim. Sampela taim graun istap aninit long solwara na sampela taim graun i kamap olsem wanpela ailan. Dispela samting i kamap taim graun isave guria plenti (volkeno) na surik igo ikam. Solwara tu isave surik go antap na kam daun. Ol dispela samting isave kamap isi isi tru na i ken kisim plenti milien yia. Long dispela as tasol na graun bilong Niugini i bin kamap olsem wanpela ailan. Ol save manmeri bilong saiens i ting Toriseli maunten tu bin stap olsem wanpela ailan long faiv milien yia igo pinis. Dispela tingting em i tru long wanem nau tasol long ples Wuguple wanpela man i painim tit bilong bikpela pis sak bilong solwara taim em igo waswas long wara. Dispela tit bilong pis sak nau istap long Wuguple em ol saientis kolim olsem “fossil” na dispela i soim tru olsem Toriseli maunten i bin stap aninit long solwara longpela taim igo pinis. Kain tingting bilong ol saientis i helpim yumi nau long save olsem ol kain kain abus olsem Tenkile, Wefli, Bilakpela Kapul, sampela kain flawa okid na binatang i spesol na igat long Toriseli maunten tasol. Yu ino inap painim long sampela hap bilong PNG na long wol tude. Samting olsem 1.65 milien yia igo pinis ailan bilong Niugini istap pas wantaim Ostrelia na nau plenti kain abus istap long Noten Ostrelia olsem muruk, waitpela kapul, na koki yu painim hia long PNG tu. Tasol plenti ol narapela kain abus insait long Ostrelia em yu ino inap painim long PNG na wankain tu long ol abus long PNG olsem Tenkile. Long tok Inglis na saiens ol abus yu inap painim long wanpela kantri o ples tasol em ol kolim olsem “endemic species”. Histori bilong graun long Niugini i givim ol saientis tingting olsem graun na klaimet i save senis senis na kamapim ol ailan na maunten we bai helpim plenti kain kain abus na diwai long kamap. Dispela kain histori bilong graun i helpim long kamapim ol kain kain environmen olsem; ol graslen, wudlen, lowlen fores, renfores, dais na mangro, nambis, korol rif, bikpela wara na wetlens. Ol dispela kainkain environmen i givim plenti spes long ol abus na diwai long kamap na nau igat plenti kain kain okenisems insait long kantri Papua Niugini. Long tok Inglis na saiens ol kolim dispela samting olsem “biodiversity”. Papua Niugini em wanpela kantri long wol we igat bikpela biodiversity

Gondwana 95 Million yia bipor long nau

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bilong kain kain abus na diwai samting. Plenti saientis i tok Papua Niugini i pulap tru long biodiversity na dispela i pulim ol long kam lukim na wok wantaim ol kain kain okenisems insait long Papua Niugini.

Ekosistems Ekosistem em i kain olsem olgeta samting insait long ples o komuniti bilong yu. Insait long ples igat ol kainkain samting olsem; ol haus, paia, man, meri, pikinini, kaikai, wara, na paiawud samting. Long ples ol man na meri igat spesol wok bilong ol. I olsem ol meri isave paitim saksak na ol man isave wokim gaden o haus. Orait ol dispela wok yumi save wok na bungm wantaim em i kain olsem wanpela ekosistem. Long environmen bilong yu em i olsem ples na gaden. Na environmen bilong ol abus istap em long bikbus o long tok Inglis na saiens ol kolim “rainforest”. Insait long dispela renfores environmen ol abus na diwai isave wok bung wantaim olsem yumi ol manmeri. Nau tingim sapos wanpela bikpela man o meri idai o lusim komuniti na igo long sampela hap, dispela bai kamapim sampela hevi long komuniti. Sampela taim dispela bai bagarapim gutpela ron bilong komuniti sistem long sait bilong wok o bungim kaikai samting. Sopos wanpela papa i lusim femili bai mama na ol pikinini nogat gutpela haus o kaikai na abus samting. Ekosistem em wankain. Sapos sampela kain abus idai pinis olgeta, dispela bai givim hevi long ol narapela samting insait long ekosistem. Sampela bagarap bai kamap bihain o ekosistem bai senis liklik. Insait long wanpela ekosistem igat ol liklik sistems isave wok wantaim long kamapim bikpela ekosistem. Kain olsem, wanpela sistem ol kolim “water cycle”. Wok bilong dispela sistem em bilong wokim wara. Narapela sistem ol kolim “carbon cycle”. Wok bilong em long wokim win bilong ol diwai long pulim na stap laif ol kolim “carbondioxide”. Orait narapela sistem ol kolim “nitrogen cycle”. Wok bilong dispela sistem em long givim gris long graun. Olgeta dispela sistems i wok wantaim long helpim gro bilong ol gras na diwai. Ol dispela cycles isave wok wantaim long kamapim wanpela ekosistem. Kain olsem:

Water cycle + carbon cycle + nitrogen cycle = Ecosystem Sampela taim sopos yu senisim sampela samting insait long dispela cycles em bai kamapim sampela hevi insait long dispela ekosistem. Kain olsem taim yu putim sampela pusi o dog igo insait long environmen ol bai kilim ol gutpela abus olsem mumut o sikau na iken pinisim olgeta. O sopos kampani bilong katim diwai kam insait na katim ol diwai long bus bilong yu, dispela inap bagarapim tru water cycle, na tu sampela abus na ol pisin bai lusim olgeta ples bilong hait o malolo na kaikai bilong ol na bai lusim hap bilong yu na go long painim haus na kaikai long narapela ples. Olsem na long olgeta taim olgeta samting insait long dispela ekosistem i mas wokbung wantaim.

Nutrient Cycle Insait long graun igat ol kain kain okenisems isave kaikai long stap laif. Ol liklik binatang tru na kain kain liklik snek istap insait long graun isave kaikai ol pipia na pekpek igo bek long graun. Na taim ol arapela abus na diwai na bus idai na sting ol tu bai go bek long graun. Olgeta dispela bai helpim long givim gutpela gris long graun. Ol diwai na kaikai bilong gaden i nidim dispela gris gen long helpim ol gro gut. Yu ken lukim nau olsem graun ino samting nating, em isave givim laif long yumi ol man, meri na pikinini. Olsem na yumi mas lukautim na menesim gut graun. Sopos graun inogat gris (nutrients) bai ol kaikai yu planim long gaden ino inap kamap gut. I wankain olsem taim yu ino kisim gutpela kaikai bai yu nogat strong long wokim wok bilong yu.

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Graun isave kamap olsem wanem? Graun i kamap taim bikpela san, win na ren i helpim long brukim ol ston liklik liklik na kamapim liklik graun ol kolim long Inglis olsem “soil”. Soil i stat olsem wesan long wara olsem dispela istap long wenif riva na taim ol samting idai pinis na sting long graun ol liklik snek, flais na binatang isave brukim ol liklik liklik tru na kamapim gris (nutrients) igo insait long graun. Em nau graun i kamap bilak na gutpela long planim kaikai. Sampela kain ston bai givim moa gris long graun olsem ol graun i kamap bihain long maunten paia na pairap (volcanic soil). Dispela kain graun i gutpela moa long wokim gaden na i winim ol arapela graun nogut i pulap long graun malumalum na wesan tasol we inogat gutpela gris bilong wokim gaden. Ol graun long renfores i gutpela tasol sopos kampani bilong katim diwai ikam insait na katim diwai, ren inap wasim gutpela gris antap long graun na kisim igo. Ol lip bilong diwai, abus na ol diwai idai na sting long graun bai givim tu gris long graun. Taim yu rausim ol dispela diwai na abus, inogat moa samting long sting na givim gris gen long graun. Graun bai stap nating. Olgeta okenisems bai kaikai sampela kain samting. Sampela bai kaikai ol diwai tasol, sampela bai kaikai ol abus tasol, na sampela bai kaikai ol abus idai na sting pinis. Taim ol okenisems idai pinis bodi bilong ol bai sting na givim gris long graun gen na narapela okenisems bai kisim laif. Yumi kolim olgeta dispela samting long saiens na tok inglis olsem “nutrient cycle”. As tingting bilong dispela em olsem, olgeta samting no inap stap nating na weist. Olgeta samting bai helpim narapela samting long givim na sapotim laif bilong em.

Sampela taim graun isave bagarap taim ol katim olgeta diwai pinis, o long wok maining, wok didiman o wokim nupela rot o taun samting. Ol dispela kain wok isave bagarapim graun wantaim olgeta gris bilong em. Bikpela hevi tru em taim ol dispela wok na bagarap i kamap, bikpela ren o win inap karim bikpela graun igo daun long ples maunten o long arere bilong wara. Long tok Inglis na saiens ol kolim dispela olsem “soil erosion” Taim nogat diwai na graun istap nating bikpela san inap kilim tu ol binatang long graun. Ol diwai isave stap olsem strongpela banis bilong strongim graun na holim istap. Em nau yupela mas tingting gut taim yupela laik wokim rot, taun, gaden, katim

diwai o wok maining. Ol dispela wok isave bagarapim graun na ino inap sapotim na helpim laif bilong yupela long taim ikam bihain. Namba wan we long lukautim graun bilong yupela em olsem:

• noken larim ol marasin nogut olsem; petrol, disel, kerosene, na oil igo daun long graun

• noken katim olgeta diwai insait long wanpela hap eria tasol • putim sampela gris igo bek long graun olsem; senisim kaikai bilong planim,

larim graun istap longpela taim bipo long wokim nupela gaden, wokim kompos o putim fetelaisa bilong stoa long graun.

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So yupela mas tingting gut na lukautim graun bilong yupela gut. Graun em as bilong givim laif olsem na yupela mas lukautim gut. After logging had occurred on this land - “I couldn’t breathe, it was as if the land

had been skinned of life. I couldn’t believe that anyone would deliberately do that to the Earth.”

James Gosnell – Chief of the Nishgas Haida Gwuaii tribe Alaska

Nitrogen cycle “Nitrogen” long tok Inglis na saiens em wanpela marasin (chemical). Dispela spesol marasin istap insait long win na graun wantaim na em igat bikpela wok bilong em long helpim ol diwai, flawa na kaikai long gaden long gro gut na strong. Nitrogen isave mekim ol lip bilong kaikai long gaden, ol flawa na diwai samting i kamap grin na helti. Sopos inogat nitrogen bai ol lip i luk olsem yelo na mau pudaun long graun na kaikai o diwai samting bai dai. Olsem tasol na yumi mas menesim na lukautim gut graun long givim nitrogen long helpim ol diwai na kaikai long gaden i gro gut na ol bai helpim yumi long kisim laif. Bikpela hap bilong nitrogen istap insait long win. Igat sampela liklik binatang long graun em wok bilong ol long kisim nitrogen long win na putim igo insait long graun. Ol dispela liklik binatang isave pas long ruts bilong sampela kain kaikai na diwai ol kolim long tok Inglis na saiens olsem “legumes”. Em kain kaikai na diwai olsem kasang (pinats), bins, lamtro na shed tri bilong kakao na vanila. Ol dispela liklik binatang isave stap insait long ol raunpela liklik bal hangamap long ruts bilong ol legumes. Ol bai pulim nitrogen long win long stap laif na ol gen bai pekpek long graun. Dispela pekpek bilong ol long saiens ol kolim “ammonia”. Dispela marasin ammonia em gutpela gris bilong graun we ol diwai na kaikai bilong gaden i nidim long gro gut na helti. Olsem na wanpela gutpela wei long givim gris long graun em yupela mas planim ol pinat na bin long graun. Bihain taim dispela kaikai redi yupela i kamautim na usim gen graun long planim narapela kaikai olsem taro o banana samting.

Narapela wei bilong givim gris long graun wantaim nitrogen em long usim kompos o fetelaisa. Olgeta samting i sting pinis olsem ol diwai, lip, gras, bodi bilong ol abus, pekpek na pispis bilong man em gutpela kompos na fetelaisa we igat nitrogen long ol. Taim yupela putim ol igo insait long graun, ol bai givim gutpela gris wantaim nitrogen long graun. Sopos igat moni yupela iken baim ol fetelaisa ol wokim pinis long ol fektori na salim long ol didiman stoa long Wewak, Madang o Lae na putim igo insait long graun bilong yu bipo long yu wokim gaden o planim ol kes krop olsem kakao na kopi.

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Carbon Cycle “Carbon” i wankain olsem nitrogen na em tu i wanpela marasin istap insait long win na long bodi bilong olgeta samting igat laif. Carbon em i nambawan spesol marasin bilong sapotim laif bilong olgeta kain diwai, gras, kaikai bilong gaden, ol abus, pisin na yumi ol manmeri wantaim. Ol lip bilong kaikai long gaden na diwai i kisim carbon long win (carbondioxide) na wokim kaikai bilong ol. Ol kaikai insait long diwai na gaden kaikai ol kolim long saiens olsem “carbohydrates”. Ol carbohydrates igat bikpela carbon insait long ol em kain kaikai olsem saksak, taro, banana, suga, rice, na kaukau. Taim ol manmeri kaikaim dispela ol kaikai yumi tu kisim carbon igo insait long bodi bilong yumi. Taim ol lip bilong diwai, gras na kaikai gaden i wokim carbohydrates ol tu bai wokim wanpela marasin ol kolim long saiens olsem “oxygen”. Yumi ol manmeri, ol abus na pisin samting i pulim oxygen insait long win long stap laif. Taim yumi ol manmeri na abus kisim kaikai long bus na kaikaim na mekim wok, pilai o wokabaut raun nambaut yumi usim na senisim carbohydrates na givim carbon igo bek long win olsem carbondioxide. Dispela em i carbon cycle.

Carbon em i bikpela samting tru long wol tude. Plenti carbon stap long graun long tausen na milien yia igo pinis na nau kamap olsem “fossil fuel”. Long plenti hap kantri bilong ol waitman nau ol usim ol dispela fossil fuel olsem coal na oil long wokim kainkain petroleum prodaks olsem; kerosin, disel, petrol na plastik. Wanpela hevi bilong wol tude em taim bilong usim ol dispela prodaks. Taim ol fektori, balus, sip na kar i usim ol dispela prodaks ol gen save bagarapim tru environmen taim ol i givim moa carbondioxide igo poromanim dispela istap pinis long win. Plenti carbondioxide istap long

win nau na dispela samting bai bagarapim climate bilong yumi. Olsem na long wol tude yumi igat bikpela hevi bilong klaimet i senis ol kolim long tok Inglis olsem “global warming” o wol i kamap hot. Global warming em i namba wan hevi bilong environmen nau long wol. Plenti toktok i kam aut nau long redio, televisen na niuspepa long taim nogut bilong dispela senis long klaimet. Taim graun i hot dispela bai mekim solwara tu i hot na bikpela ais istap antap long solwara long hap bilong kantri Alaska na Entatika (not na saut pols) bai kamap olsem wara na mekim level bilong solwara igo antap. Sopos dispela i kamap bai plenti liklik ailan bilong Pasifik na sampela hap bilong wol bai isi tru long go insait long solwara. Kantri olsem Ostrelia nau i hot moa na kamapim bikpela win na paia kirap long bus we i kilim idai plenti wel abus na bagarapim tu plenti gutpela graun bilong wokim gaden. Hot bilong solwara inap kilim tu olgeta laif insait long solwara olsem ol korol rif. Dispela em wanpela bikpela hevi tru long wol tude. Long helpim stopim dispela hevi yumi mas lukautim gut renfores bilong mipela. Ol diwai long renfores inap kisim dispela bikpela carbondioxide na senisim kamapim

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oxygen win we em gutpela long yumi ol man na meri long pulim na stap laif. Yumi nau noken seksek long moni na larim ol kampani kam insait long katim na pinisim diwai long renfores bilong mipela hia long Lumi. I bin igat pinis ol bung bilong plenti bikman bilong ol gavman long wol we ol i pasim sampela tingting (resolution) long stretim dispela hevi bilong global warming. Ol bikman i tok, sapos yumi sevim na lukautim renfores, ol gavman bilong ol dispela kantri igat renfores bai kisim sampela moni helpim ikam long ol kantri bilong ol waitman na ol bikpela siti long wol. As bilong kamapim dispela tingting em long wanem plenti bikpela kantri na siti long wol isave bagarapim gutpela win olsem na ol mas givim sampela kompenseisin igo long ol kantri huset ino bagarapim win tumas. Nau sopos ol i sapotim tru dispela tingting ating Papua Niugini bai winim ol narapela kantri long kisim kompenseisin long wanem PNG igat plenti renfores istap gut yet. Ol sampela samting isave bagarapim carbon cycle em:

• taim yu katim diwai long kisim paiawud • taim yu kukim plastik, raba, na ol arapela samting bilong waitman • taim yu kukim graun long wokim gaden • taim yu usim masin wantaim disel, petrol,

kerosin, na oil samting • taim yumi ol manmeri na ol abus kapubuk.

Ol sampela samting isave helpim carbon cycle em:

• sevim plenti hap graun na renfores • planim plenti diwai long sapotim laif long

bihain taim • usim sola pawa • usim win pawa • usim hydro pawa.

Water cycle Narapela bikpela samting long givim laif long ol okenisems em wara. Wara em bikpela samting tru long sapotim olgeta laif insait long wol. Ol ples igat bikbus na renfores em inap long wokim plenti ren. Ol ruts bilong diwai isave kisim wara long graun igo antap na bihain kamap long ol lip. San bai pulim wara long ol lip bilong diwai igo antap long

skai na kamapim (rain cloud) renklaut long wanpela rot bilong saiens ol kolim olsem “evaporation”. Taim renklaut i pulap long wara na kamap hevi, ples antap long skai bai kamap kol na wara bai kam daun gen long graun olsem ren long wanpela rot bilong saiens ol kolim olsem “condensation”. Dispela em kamapim “water cycle”. Igat tu wara we isave go insait long graun long taim bilong ren (ground water). Sampela wara bai go insait long liklik baret na han wara (creeks & streams), raunwara (lakes), bikpela wara (rivers), na igo aut olgeta long solwara

(seas). Olgeta taim wara isave raun raun tasol na inogat pinis blong em. Tasol plenti taim wara i raun antap long win na skai na yu ino inap lukim. Evaporation na

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condensation em tupela rot bilong kamapim raun raun bilong wara o water cycle long tok Inglis. Yu inap bagarapim wara sopos yu tromoi kain kain pipia igo insait long em (water pollution). Water pollution em wanpela sik nogut kamap long wara long plenti hap bilong graun we ol man isave kamapim. Ol waitman isave kamapim water pollution taim ol tromoi ol marasin nogut na ol kain samting olsem; oil, kerosin, petrol, disel na plastik igo insait long wara. Narapela kain sik bilong wara em taim igat ol liklik binatang nogut inap kilim yu idai. Kain binatang olsem cholera we i ken kamapim sik hepatitis. Sopos dispela sik i kamap long wara saplai, em i hat tru long stretim wara gen. Mipela nogat wei long klinim wara sopos igat ol samting nogut stap insait. Olsem na yumi mas lukautim gut ol wara bilong yumi na larim ol wara stap klin olgeta taim long ples bai yumi ino inap kisim ol kain sik nogut. Sampela wei o rot bilong lukautim wara:

• planim diwai klostu long wara saplai. Ol ruts bilong diwai bai klinim wara aninit long graun

• noken katim ol diwai klostu long wara taim yu wokim gaden. Dispela bai rausim ol ruts bilong klinim wara aninit long graun

• wokim gutpela toilet longwe long wara saplai. Ol liklik binatang nogut istap insait long pekpek bai go insait long wara saplai

• banisim gut ol abus long ples olsem ol pik, dok, kakaruk na pato. Pekpek bilong ol igat ol binatang nogut bilong kamapim sik

• lukautim ol haphap sop na pauda taim yu waswas, wasim ol klos, sospan an plet samting bai ol noken go insait long wara.

Bikbus o Renfores Renfores em namba wan samting tru long Papua Niugini long wanem plenti pipol bilong PNG i kisim olgeta samting bilong sapotim laif insait long renfores. Plenti kantri long wol inogat dispela kain bikbus ol i kolim renfores. Papua Niugini em wanpela laki kantri tru long wol. Plenti renfores long wol istap long ol tropical eria tasol. Amazon renfores em wanpela bikpela tru long wol na em istap long Saut Amerika. Namba tu renfores long wol istap long Congo Besin long Afrika, na namba tri renfores bilong wol istap long ailan bilong Niugini. Arapela kantri igat renfores tu tasol em i narapela kain. Renfores bilong Papua Niugini i winim ol arapela kain renfores long wol. Renfores em i wanpela spesol ples long wol long wanem igat plenti kain kain diwai, flawa, rop, gras, abus na pisin samting. Olgeta dispela samting i bin stap longpela taim wantaim ikam inap nau. Plenti save man na meri i stadi long renfores ino save gut yet long olgeta samting insait long em. Plenti save manmeri bilong saiens i wok hat yet long painim aut olgeta samting insait long renfores, long wanem, igat yet plenti samting i hait insait na ino isi long save gut long renfores olgeta. Gutpela klaimet em wanpela namba wan risen o as bilong wanem na renfores igat plenti kainkain diwai na abus samting insait long em. Klaimet bilong renfores ino save senis, em istap wankain tasol long olgeta taim bilong yia. Igat wankain mak bilong ren na san, wankain mak bilong hot na kol na dispela i helpim olgeta samting olsem ol pisin, abus, diwai na flawa samting long stap na gro gut na kamapim nupela. Taim igat plenti kain kain bus, diwai na flawa bai igat tu kainkain inseks, pisin na abus. Sopos yu go long renfores insait long ples kol long kantri olsem Ostrelia, yu no inap lukim plenti kainkain diwai. Ol wankain diwai tasol bai yu lukim long olgeta hap bilong kantri. Tasol long Papua Niugini igat plenti kainkain diwai istap long wanem igat renfores.

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Renfores i bin sapotim laif bilong ol pipol bilong Papua Niugini moa long 40 tausan yia igo pinis na ikam inap nau. Renfores i givim mipela kaikai na wara, samting bilong wokim haus, klos bilong karamapim skin, diwai bilong wokim kanu na ol samting bilong pait, marasin na plenti samting moa. Ekosistem bilong renfores i sapotim yet laif bilong plenti pipol long PNG tude na bilong wanem yumi laik bagarapim? Wanem samting bai sapotim laif bilong ol pikinini na tumbuna bilong yumi long bihain taim sopos yumi go het nau na bagarapim renfores? Renfores em mas stap olsem namba wan samting long lukautim. Ol save manmeri i luksave olsem igat tupela kain renfores. Ol i kolim tupela long tok Inglis olsem “Climax” na “Secondary” renfores.

• Climax renfores em dispela we i bin stap nating longpela taim. Dispela kain renfores bai i kisim moa long 200 yia long gro na bai igat plenti kain kain samting moa istap na winim secondary renfores.

• Secondary renfores em dispela we ol man i bin wok long em olsem; katim diwai (logging) o wokim gaden. Bihain dispela renfores istap nating na gro gen. Secondary renfores bai inogat plenti kain kain diwai samting long sapotim laif bilong kain kain abus o pisin samting.

Bikpela bagarap bilong renfores isave kamap taim ol kampani ikam na katim diwai o (logging). Taim ol kampani kam na katim diwai long wokim timba ol inogat rispek moa long lukautim olgeta samting insait long renfores. Bikpela tingting na laik bilong ol em long wokim moni tasol. Ol ino tingting long laif bilong pipol dispela renfores i bin sapotim na dispela laif bai renfores i sapotim bihain. Na tu ol ino tingtng moa long ol spesol abus, diwai na flawa na kainkain wok bilong water, nutrient o carbon cycle. Ol timba kampani na ol politisen i laikim moni tasol na inogat tingting na rispek moa long kastom wantaim kalsa na laip bilong yumi ol pipol bilong PNG. Logging em namba wan bagarap bilong renfores long wol. Plenti renfores long wol i pinis olgeta nau bihain long ol logging kampani i bin kam na katim diwai long ol bikbus. Amazon na Congo Besin renfores i bungim dispela hevi pinis na PNG tu istap nau long rot bilong bungim dispela hevi.

Rileisinsip (Wokbung wantaim) Plenti okenisems insait long renfores igat kainkain spesol rileisinsip. Long tok Inglis na saiens ol kolim olsem “Symbiotic relationship”. Long saiens igat 3pela kain rileisinsip we i bikpela samting long yumi luksave. Ol dispela em:

Parasitic – Taim wanpela okenisem i kisim sapot long laif bilong em long narapela na givim hevi long dispela namba tu okenisem. Olsem binatang bilong kamapim sik Malaria stap insait long natnat. Natnat isave dringim blut bilong man long stap laif na long dispela wei em givim binatang bilong sik Malaria long man. Dispela binatang bai stap gut insait long bodi bilong man tasol man bai kisim sik na dispela ino helpim em.

Commensalism – Wanpela okenisem i kisim helpim long narapela long stap laif tasol em ino bagarapim dispela namba tu okenisem. Kain olsem flawa okid igro long diwai aran. Diwai aran helpim long givim kaikai long okid tasol em ino kisim sampela bagarap long okid.

Mutualism – Tupela okenisems i kisim helpim long wanpela na arapela. Kain olsem taim muruk kaikai sid bilong sampela kain diwai na pekpek bai dispela sid i gro gen olsem diwai. Sopos muruk ino kaikai sid bilong dispela kain diwai bai sid ino inap gro taim em pudaun long graun. Muruk na diwai i helpim wanpela na arapela.

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Plenti flawa na diwai igat sampela spesol rileisinsip wantaim ol abus long helpim kamapim pikinini. Ol kolim dispela rileisinsip olsem “pollination”. Taim yu polineitim flawa bilong vanila em bai em karim ol vanila bins. Long renfores dispela kain okid flawa igat spesol binatang bilong polineisin. Tasol hia long PNG dispela binatang ino stap olsem na man yet mas usim han long wokim polineisin. Ol pisin, bilak bokis, binatang na sampela kapul igat dispela spesol rileisinsip wantaim ol diwai na flawa long renfores. Sopos wanpela kain abus i pinis, sampela diwai an flawa tu bai pinis long sampela taim bihain. Dispela kain spesol rileisinsip namel long ol abus na diwai em bikpela moa insait long renfores. Dispela em wanpela risen bilong lukautim gut renfores.

Food Webs / Food Chains Dispela em narapela kain cycle we kaikai isave go raun raun. Olgeta okenisems i mas kaikai long stap laif. Sampela abus bai kaikai ol flawa, lip o frut bilong diwai samting. Sampela bikpela abus bai kaikai ol liklik abus tasol. Kain olsem bikpela snek moran bilong bus (Pusile) bai kaikai kapul na bikpela pisin tarangau bai kaikai pikinini kakaruk o pato. Na sampela abus bai kaikai ol liklik abus na ol diwai wantaim flawa. Ol diwai, gras na flawa samting (plants) i stat bilong laif bilong ol kain kain abus na yumi ol man. Sopos inogat plants olgeta abus bai idai. Taim yu rausim sampela samting long dispela food web / food chain, em bai bagarapim narapela okenisems. Sampela taim sopos sampela kaikai i lus insait long food web / food chain o kamap extinct, ol arapela abus i mas senisim wei bilong kaikai long stap laif. Tasol sopos ol arapela okenisems ino senis o “adapt” ol tu bai kamap extinct o lus olgeta.

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Fig tree

Butterfly

Spider

Orchid

Moth

Bat

Ground Boa

Rat

Palm Nut

Owl

Striped Possum

Beetle

Tree Frog

Caterpillar

Parrot

Tree Snake

Humans

Fig tree

Butterfly

Spider

Orchid

Moth

Bat

Ground Boa

Rat

Palm Nut

Owl

Striped Possum

Beetle

Tree Frog

Caterpillar

Parrot

Tree Snake

Humans

Fig tree

Butterfly

Spider

Orchid

Moth

Bat

Ground Boa

Rat

Palm Nut

Owl

Striped Possum

Beetle

Tree Frog

Caterpillar

Parrot

Tree Snake

Humans

vine

PRAYING MANTIS

PANDANOUS

bandicoot

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BIODIVERSITY / (Kain kain abus, diwai, flawa na binatang samting) Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri i kisim dispela skul inap:

• luksave long ol tingting na toktok bilong saiens we i sut stret long ol kain kain abus, diwai, flawa na binatang wantaim (biodiversity)

• kisim save long ol kain kain rot o wei ol saiens manmeri inap luksave na putim olgeta diwai na abus samting wantaim long wan wan grup bilong ol yet

• kisim save long gutpela bilong olgeta abus isave givim susu long pikinini insait long Papua Niugini

• givim sampela piksa bilong kain kain abus, diwai, binatang na flawa long PNG na skelim wantaim ol narapela istap long sampela hap bilong wol

• kisim save long biodiversity na ol bagarap inap kamap long biodiversity long PNG na wok bilong konseveisin nau long wol

• luksave na amamas long gutpela biodiversity bilong PNG.

Tok igo pas Insait long dispela skul bai yu ken lukim na save long ol sampela nupela tok ples bilong saiens olsem: Adaptation – Sampela samting olsem leg na han bilong abus o ruts bilong diwai samting long helpim ol long stap laif long bikbus. Species – Kain abus o diwai we igat mak bilong em yet na ino wankain long narapela. Kain olsem Tenkile em i wanpela species o kain bilong tri kengeru na Youngi em narapela kain. Organism - Olgeta kain samting igat laif. Kain olsem olgeta abus na diwai na ol liklik binatang. Evolution – Rot bilong senis i kamap long bodi bilong abus o diwai long kamapim nupela kain laif. Dispela samting isave kisim plenti milien yia. Igat sampela saientis i bilip olsem ol monki i senis isi isi na kamapim ol man long plenti milien yia igo pinis. Classification – Rot o sampela wei ol saientis i usim long kolim ol nem bilong abus o diwai na putim ol long grup bilong ol yet. Biodiveristy – Hamas kain kain abus, binatang, flawa o diwai samting istap insait long sampela hap graun o bikbus.

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Classification (luksave gut na givim nem) Ol saientis mas luksave gut na givim nem long kain kain abus, binatang, diwai na flawa bai helpim ol na yumi olgeta long save stret long nem na piksa bilong wan wan abus o diwai samting. Taim ol painim nupela samting we i narakain long ol dispela istap pinis ol mas givim nupela nem. Wankain olsem taim nupela pikinini i kamap mama na papa mas givim em nupela nem. Olsem na taim Tim Flannery bin kam long Papua Niugini na painim plenti nupela kain abus olsem Tenkile, em givim nupela nem long em. Insait long saiens tok ples, dispela wei bilong luksave gut na givim nem long ol abus o diwai samting, em ol kolim olsem “classification o taxonomy. Wei bilong wokim classification em i olsem; ol saientis bai kisim wanpela abus na lukluk gut long ol bun, gras na bodi bilong em na skelim wantaim narapela kain istap pinis. Na long diwai ol bai lukluk gut long kain samting olsem; frut, lip o skin bilong em na skelim wantaim narapela sopos em i wankain o nogat. Kain olsem buai na kokonas, tupela em bilong wanpela grup ol kolim “palms” long tok Inglis. Sikau na tri kengeru em tupela bilong wanpela grup tu. Ol igat wankain tit, leg na han. Bilong wanem na ol saientis i wokim classification? Dispela bai helpim ol long kisim gutpela save long wan wan kain abus na diwai samting. Long dispela rot ol saientis iken save long wanem wei ol dispela kain abus na diwai samting i bin kamap na wanem kain senis bai kamap long ol long taim ikam bihain. Ol i ken lukluk long wanem abus i wankain na klostu wankain olsem kandre o kasen brata (relatives). Tasol namba wan samting em ol saientis i laik givim nem long wan wan abus na diwai samting bai olgeta manmeri i ken save gut. Kain olsem long tok ples bilong yupela igat kain kain nem yu givim long kain kain pisin bai yu ino inap faul taim yu lukim pisin balus o kumul. Saiens tu em wankain olsem na ol saientis save wokim classification. Tingim sopos yu ino bihainim stretpela rot bilong salim pas igo long wanpela brata stap long Pot Mosbi bai ol wok manmeri long Pos Opis i faul na pas ino inap go kamap long brata bilong yu. Igat spesol rot o wei yu mas bihainim olsem; raitim gut nem bilong man, pos opis boks namba, taun o siti, na provins o kantri. Sopos yu raitim nem bilong brata bilong yu tasol na lusim tingting long ol narapela bai ol lain long pos opis i faul na pas bilong yu i lus. Olgeta kantri long wol imas bihainim wankain rot tasol bai inogat faul kamap. Olsem tasol long olgeta hap bilong wol igat plenti tokples nem bilong kain kain abus na diwai o flawa samting. Sampela abus na diwai o flawa i wankain long plenti kantri long wol tasol igat kain kain tokples nem bilong ol. Olsem na long rot bilong classification ol saientis long olgeta hap bilong wol imas wanbel long givim wanpela nem tasol long wan wan abus, diwai o flawa we i wankain, maski em stap long plenti hap kantri long wol. Wok bilong classification bai helpim ol saientis na yumi olgeta long save gut long wanem samting yumi lukim na kolim stret nem bilong em we olgeta manmeri long olgeta hap bilong wol isave long em. Insait long wok bilong saiens olgeta saientis i save usim tokples Latin long givim nem long olgeta abus, diwai, flawa na binatang samting.

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Long tebol daunbilo (figure 1) yumi usim piksa bilong Tenkile long classification. Tenkile igat kain kain tokples nem bilong em olsem: Figure 1

Tok Ples Nem

Inglis Scott’s Tree kangaroo

Saiens (Latin) Dendrolagus scottae

Olo Tenkile

One Rengile

Elkei Teklel

Yil Tikisir

Em nau sopos wanpela saientis bilong kantri Saina i laik wokim risets o stadi long Tenkile em ino inap bihainim tokples Inglis, Olo, Elkei o Yil. Nogat, em nau bai usim tokples bilong saiens (Latin) stret na save olsem Tenkile em; Dendrolagus scottae. Orait insait long saiens nem bilong Tenkile igat tupela hap, Dendrolagus na scottae. Scottae em i species nem na Dendrolagus em i genus nem bilong Tenkile. Dendrolagus em i saiens nem bilong tri kengeru. So olgeta kain kain tri kengeru igat dispela genus nem Dendrolagus. Kain olsem: Dendrolagus inustus Youngi, Yangel, Yargel, Dendrolagus pulcherimus Weimangke, Oumak, Weimang Dendrolagus scottae Tenkile, Rengile, Tikisir, Teklel Dendrolagus dorianus Doria’s Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus goodfellowi Goodfellows Tree Kangaroo Rot bilong classification bai bihainim dispela kain step olsem: Grup bilong Saiens Nem bilong grup Mining bilong em Kingdom Animol Olgeta animol Phylum Chortada Olgeta animol igat bun Class Mammals Olgeta animol igat susu Order Marsupials Olgeta animol igat bilum Family Macropod Olgeta sikau, tri kengeru, kengeru Genus Dendrolagus Olgeta Tri kengaru Species Scottae Tenkile tasol Taim yu harim Enimol Kingdom yu bai save em i wanpela bikpela grup we olgeta enimol istap insait. Olgeta abus, rokrok, palai, liklik binatang, pis, liklik binatang bilong solwara na kindam samting. Orait ol diwai, rop,gras na flawa ol stap insait long narapela bikpela grup ol kolim Plants Kingdom. Dispela em namba wan step bilong wokim classification. Namba tu step em Phylum. Dispela em grup bilong olgeta enimol igat bun. (vetebrates o backbones). Olgeta pis, rokrok, pisin, snek, palai, kapul na sikau bai stap insait long dispela grup.

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Namba tri step em Class. Long dispela grup ol bai putim ol enimol igat wankain samting wantaim. Kain olsem olgeta enimol igat susu bai go insait long wanpela grup ol kolim Mammals. Em i min olsem ol rat, pik, dok, pusi, kapul, sikau,mumut na mipela ol manmeri tu bai stap insait long dispela grup. Ol snek, pisin, rokrok na pis samting bai stap insait long narapela grup. Em nau yu luksave olsem wok bilong classification long saiens i brukim ol grup bilong enimol liklik liklik bihainim ol kain kain mak na hap bilong bodi bilong ol. Orait pisin igat kangal (feathers) so em bai igat grup bilong em yet na stap blong em yet na pis, rokrok, snek na palai bai stap long grup bilong ol yet. Na dispela rot bilong brukim ol enimol liklik liklik long grup bai igo olsem tasol inap pinisim olgeta enimol we ol saientis igat save olsem ol istap long dispela ples graun. Lukim piksa long tebol daunbilo (figure 2) long kisim moa save long rot bilong classification. Figure 2

Pis

(Fish)

Rokrok

(Amphibians)

Snek na Palai

(Reptiles)

Pisin

(birds)

Abus

(Mammals)

Scales (aquatic)

Moist smooth skin

Scales all over body

Feathers Fur / hair

Fins 4 legs / no legs 4 legs / no legs

2 wings / 2 legs

4 Limbs

Gills gills / lungs Lungs Lungs Lungs

Lay eggs / live young

lay eggs / metamorphosis

lay eggs / live young

Lay eggs Young suckle milk

No external ears

external ear Ears / no ears

Ear holes outer ears

Dispela tebol i soim wanem kain samting ol enimol igat long bodi bilong ol na ol saientifik grup bilong ol. Orait namba foa step em ol kolim “order”. Insait long dispela grup ol i brukim ol Mammals igo long tripela grup. Tenkile istap insait long grup bilong Marsupials. Em ol dispela enimol igat bilum bilong karim pikinini. Bihain bai yu lukluk moa long dispela. Ol sikau bilong graun em i wankain olsem tri kengeru. Ol saientis i putim ol insait long wanpela grup ol kolim Macropod. Dispela nem em i min olsem bikpela foot. (Macro = bikpela na pod = foot). Na bihain dispela ol Tri Kengeru bai stap long grup bilong ol yet (Family) long wanem ol save stap antap long diwai na sikau bilong graun bai stap blong em yet. Ol i ken wokabaut wankain olsem man (bipedally) na dispela genus nem yu save pinis em Dendrolagus na species istap insait em olsem Tenkile, Youngi na Weimangke. Dispela em rot bilong wokim classification insait long saiens. Namba wan samting em i soim yu plenti kain kain abus na diwai istap insait long renfores. Dispela em i bikpela samting tru long wol na em i namba wan risen ol lain bilong konseveisin isave wok hat tru long sevim ol renfores long wanem plenti moa species istap insait long bikbus o renfores.

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Mammals Papua Niugini igat plenti kain kain spesol mammals (enimol igat susu). Em i bikpela samting long luksave long dispela long wanem dispela bai helpim yu sevim ol istap long bihain taim. Mammals em kain kain enimol igat gras na susu. Na tu igat warm blooded na gutpela save. Igat tripela moa liklik grup bilong mammals.

1. Eutherian o Placental Mammals – enimol igat bilum (placenta) istap insait long bel bilong meri. Pikinini bai gro insait long bilum long bel bilong mama na taim em redi bai mama rausim ikam autsait. Dispela bilum i pulap long blut na gris long holim bebi istap gut taim mama igat bel. Mama bai kisim bel na stap longpela taim bipo long karim. Em ol kain mammals olsem; mipela ol manmeri, rat, pik, dok, bilak bokis, pusi, ol bikpela pis long solwara olsem dolphin na whales.

2. Marsupials – enimol igat bilum (pouch) istap autsait long bel bilong meri. Mama bai kisim bel long sotpela taim tasol na karim pikinini we ino redi gut yet tasol em bai kam autsait na stap long bilum na kisim susu na kaikai long mama yet. Sampela mun bihai taim pikinini i bikpela na strongpela orait em bai lusim mama na go autsait na stap blong em yet. Em ol kain enimol olsem mumut, kapul, sikau, Tri kengeru na wel dok.

3. Monotremes – meri isave karim kiau na holim klostu long bel inap tupela wik samting bipo long pikinini i kamap. Bihain long pikinini kamap em bai dring yet susu bilong mama. Long wol igat 3pela species bilong monotremes tasol, longpela nus na sotpela nus Echidna na Platypus. Dispela kain longpela nus Echidna istap long highlands bilong PNG tasol na Ostrelia igat ol platypus na sotpela nus Echidna. Long Toriseli maunten na arapela kantri long wol inogat dispela kain enimol.

Eutherian o placental mammals istap long olgeta kantri long wol. Tasol ol marsupial isave stap long Ostrelia, Niugini na Amerika tasol. Ino narapela kantri long wol igat dispela kain abus. Plenti kain kain marsupial insait long Papua Niugini em i samting bilong Niugini tasol, inogat long arapela kantri long wol. Igat tu ol marsupial olsem suga klaida na waitpela kapul istap long Ostrelia tasol plenti em bilong Papua Niugini stret. Nau yumi bai lukluk moa long ol dispela kain spesol abus ol kolim marsupials.

Marsupials Olgeta kain kain marsupials igat bilum. Em i namba wan spesol samting taim yumi laik putim ol wantaim. Ol dispela kain enimol isave stap long Ostrelia, Niugini na Amerika tasol. Plenti pipol igat bikpela laik long dispela enimol grup. Risen em bikos ol dispela kain abus igat spesol sindaun bilong ol, kain olsem:

• Ol igat liklik taim bilong kisim bel. • Taim mama karim pikinini em i liklik tru na inogat strong tasol ol iken wokabaut

long painim bilum. • Ol igat bilum na susu istap insait. • Pikinini bai dringim susu na susu bai solap insait long maus bilong pikinini na

pikinini bai gro, • Ol igat wanpela rot tasol bilong pekpek, pispis na karim nupela pikinini.

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Hia long PNG igat 60 species o kain kain marsupials. Ol i putim ol long foapela grup:

1. Carnivorous Marsupials – ol enimol igat bilum na isave kaikaim ol narapela liklik abus olsem ol binatang bilong saksak, liklik rat na pisin samting. Em kain marsupial olsem wel dok (morou pele).

2. Bandicoots – olgeta kain mumut. 3. Cuscus, Possums, Gliders – ol liklik kapul bilong diwai. 4. Macropods (Wallabies, Kangaroos, Tree Kangaroos) – ol sikau na tri

kengeru. Taim ol saientis i laik grupim ol marsupials ol bai lukluk gut long ol tit, han na lek bilong abus na long ol bun bilong em, na tu long kain sindaun bilong em. 1. Ol carnivorous marsupials isave kaikai binatang bilong saksak, arapela abus olsem pisin, palai, rokrok, na liklik rat. Plenti pipol long saiens ino save gut long ol dispela kain abus. Plenti saientis igat laik long lukim dispela kain abus tasol ol ino bin wokim risets o study long ol dispela abus. Tit bilong ol i sap moa na plenti liklik tit istap insait long maus bilong em na han wantaim leg bilong em ino pas. 2. Ol Mumut isave kaikai ol binatang tu na ol kain kain talinga na liklik lip so tit bilong em i klostu wankain olsem carnivorous marsupials. Tasol leg bilong ol na tupela pinga i pas wantaim. Dispela i mekim ol narakain liklik na istap long narapela grup. 3. Ol kapul na sikau igat ol tit, leg na han bilong ol i wankain. Ol igat tupela bikpela tit antap na daun bilo, na leg bilong ol igat tupela pinga isave pas wantaim. Ol liklik kapul long tok Inglis ol kolim possums tasol igat narakain wei bilong ol. Cuscus igat dispela strongpela tel we em i ken hangamap long en. Suga Klaida na Noten Klaida i save flai na ol arapela kapul ol kolim possum stret. 4. Ol sikau na Tri kengeru igat narapela kain leg na ol saientis i putim ol long narapela grup ol kolim “Macropod”, ino wantaim ol kapul.

Tri Kengeru Ol saientis i bin lukluk long olgeta kain Tri kengeru long Niugini na Ostrelia. Bipo ol i tok igat tenpela (10) kain tri kengeru istap long wol, tasol nau ol i tok igat 14 pela kain Tri kengeru istap nau long wol. As bilong dispela senis em ol i tok olsem igat sampela Tri Kengeru ino istap klostu wantaim ol wantok bilong ol na bai ol inap marit. So ol i tok dispela em narapela grup bilong ol yet (special species). Ol i painim tu ol nupela mak long bodi bilong ol olsem kala we ino wankain long arapela. Olsem na ol i tok em i nupela kain species nau. Dispela nau i min kain Tri kengeru olsem ‘Weimangke’, ‘Weimang’ or ‘Oumak’ em i wanpela species bilong em yet long wanem em igat narapela kain kala (gold). Olsem na long tok Inglis ol i kolim em Golden-mantled Tri Kengeru. Bipo dispela

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kain Tri kengeru istap aninit long Goodfellows tri kengeru. Sampela lain tu i bin go raun long Wes Papua insait long Foja Mauntens, na ol i bin painim dispela Golden-mantled Tri Kengeru tu long hap. Em i namba wan taim stret bilong ol saientis long painim dispela kain Tri kengeru olsem long Wes Papua na dispela nau i kamapim bikpela stori long wol. Insait long bikbus bilong Toriseli Maunten igat 3 pela kain Tri kengeru istap. Dispela em i wanpela ples tasol long wol we igat 3 pela kain Tri kengeru isave sindaun wantaim. Olsem na ol saientis i bilip olsem Toriseli maunten em i wanpela spesol ples tru insait long wol. Weimang Bipo long 2006 ol saientis i tok Weimang em wanpela bilong Goodfellows Tri Kengeru. Tasol nau ol putim long grup bilong em yet na kolim olsem Golden-mantled Tri kengeru. Dispela kain Tri kengeru em i spesol long wanem em stap insait long Toriseli na Foja Maunten long Wes Papua tasol. Em i narakain long wanem em igat ol kala kala bilong em na maus gras i wait olgeta. Na tu dispela em liklik Tri kengeru tru. Tenkile Wanpela saientis nem bilong em Tim Flannery i bin kam long Papua Niugini na painim ol kain kain abus. Namel long 1989 igo long 1991 Tim i bin kam long Lumi eria na go insait long Toriseli Maunten na painim dispela Tenkile. Em i givim saiens nem bilong Tenkile olsem Dendrolagus scottae o Scott’s Tri kengeru long tok Inglis. Dispela i bin kamapim bikpela toktok insait long histori bilong wok saiens. Long dispela taim tu Tim Flannery i bin wanpela laki man stret long kam na painim Tenkile, long wanem namba bilong dispela abus tu i bin stap daunbilo tru na klostu idai pinis olgeta. Taim namba bilong abus igo daun olsem 500 samting, ol saientis i kolim “endangered species”. Tenkile na Weimang em critically endangered species long wanem namba bilong tupela istap daunbilo tru long 500 long dispela taim Tim Flannery ibin kam raun. Olsem na sopos yumi ino lukautim gut nau, em bai dai pinis olgeta, (extinct) insait long 10 pela yia tasol. Dispela em i namba wan risen bilong wanem na intenesinel komuniti igat laik long save moa long Tenkile na Weimang insait long PNG. Tenkile em i spesol abus olgeta long wanem em igat smel bilong em we ino wankain olsem ol arapela Tri kengeru. Na tu em i bilak olgeta na inogat mak mak. Dispela kain Tri kengeru isave stap insait long Toriseli maunten tasol. Youngi Dispela kain Tri kengeru ol kolim long tok ples Olo na long tok ples Elki ol kolim Yangel. Long tok Inglis ol i kolim Grizzled Tri Kengeru. Dispela kain Tri Kengeru isave stap long plenti hap olsem Wes Papua igo inap long Is Sepik. Ol i ting namba bilong Youngi em i orait bikos igat plenti graun bilong em, tasol plenti man isave go long bus na kilim dispela kain abus. Ol save manmeri tok, dispela kain abus em i “vulnerable”, sopos yumi ino tingting gut na lukautim , em bai kamap endangered bihain taim tu. Youngi em i spesol bikos em i bikpela (biggest) tri kengeru long wol. Youngi isave pait strong na man i bikpela moa long meri. Dispela em min olsem wanpela man i mas igat plenti meri. Man isave kros pait na holim plenti hap graun na winim plenti meri na maritim ol. Dispela tu i min olsem namba bilong Youngi bai stap antap na i orait liklik. Youngi igat bikpela na longpela tel bilong em i winim ol narapela Tri kengeru. Plenti pipol igat bikpela laik long painim aut moa long ol Tri kengeru bikos ol isave sindaun antap long diwai. Dispela em narakain samting stret long wanem ol kengeru i bikpela abus we ol mas stap long graun tasol. Plenti pipol tu i lukim ol na aigris na pilim sori long ol. Long ol ples insait long Toriseli maunten igat plenti stori tumbuna long Youngi na Tenkile, olsem na dispela inap tru long helpim olgeta manmeri long ples long kisim save long konseveisin na kisim gutpela tingting long lukautim ol busgraun na abus

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wantaim. Long tok Inglis ol kolim ‘flagship’ species. Tenkile na Weimang em i tupela flagship species bilong Toriseli maunten na PNG.

Arapela grup Sampela taim ol saientis isave putim ol okenisems o abus insait long ol kain kain grup bihainim kain kain wei bilong ol abus isave kaikai o karim pikinini o ol namba bilong ol istap long bikbus samting. Dispela tu bai helpim ol long wokbung wantaim na toktok long bihain taim bilong ol abus. Namba wan wei ol usim nau em i konseveisin grup bilong ol abus na diwai. Nau plenti kain abus idai pinis olgeta na plenti pipol fret long lukim dispela kamap bikpela. So ol saientis isave wok wantaim long makim wanem abus i klostu dai pinis, o plenti istap o dai pinis olgeta. Nem bilong dispela em i ‘konseveisin status’. Kain olsem: Extinct – taim sampela species idai pinis olgeta o nogat wanpela man i painim na lukim inap long 50 yia, em nau bai ol i tok olsem dispela species bilong ol abus o diwai samting i pinis olgeta o extinct long tok Inglis. Long Ostrelia, Tasmanian Taiga na ol dainaso i pinis olgeta o extinct. Hia long westen sait bilong Toriseli maunten, Weimangke na Guria pisin idai pinis olgeta. Ol i kolim ‘locally extinct’. Endangered – taim wanpela kain species i klostu dai pinis olgeta o taim samting isave bagarapim na em bai dai pinis insait long 10 – 20 yia tasol, long tok Inglis ol kolim ‘Endangered’. Sopos em istap long mak nogut tru bilong pinis olgeta em ol i kolim ‘critically endangered,’ wankain olsem Tenkile. Vulnerable – Ol species we bai kamap endangered sopos ol pipol ino lukautim gut. Namba bilong ol i orait nau tasol long taim bihain yumi mas lukluk gut na sekim namba bilong ol. Kain olsem Youngi nau em vulnerable species. Rare – taim dispela species igat liklik namba long wol tasol em i orait namba bilong ol istap wankain tasol. Ol ino endangered o vulnerable long wanem ol man ino bagarapim ol. Threatened – dispela nem i karamapim olgeta abus o diwai we namba bilong ol igo daun. Kain olsem critically endangered, endangered o vulnerable. Indeterminate – taim igat wanpela species bilong abus istap we i endangered, vulnerable o rare tasol ino klia bikos ol saientis ino bin go insait na painim ol long bikbus. Insufficiently known – taim ol saientis ino klia gut na faul olgeta. Ol saientis igat tingting olsem namba bilong species igo daun tasol ol nogat sampela tok tru (evidence) long sapotim tingting bilong ol. Plenti species insait long Papua Niugini istap insait long dispela grup. Kain olsem plenti kain kain rokrok na binatang. Common – ol species we namba bilong ol i orait tasol, nogat hevi o wari. Kain olsem ol rat bilong haus na ol pik long ples. Taim yu lukim ol threatened species insait long wol bai yu lukim plenti moa species i kisim dispela hevi bilong namba i wok long go daun. Igat ol kain kain hevi bilong ol threatened species olsem: • nogat bikbus o renfores o inap kaikai = habitat loss • man isave kilim na kaikaim olsem abus = overharvesting • arapela abus isave kilim ol, kain olsem pusi na dok i kilim ol mumut = exotic species

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• Win o war no gut I save bagarapim ol = pollution • Graun bilong ol I bruk bruk an kamap olsem ailan = islandisation Saiens na konseveisin i resis na traim long sevim ol abus nau. Dispela tebol daunbilo (figure 3) bai soim yu senis bilong namba bilong threatened species insait long wol long 14 pela yia igo pinis. Lukluk gut long namba bilong mammals na rokrok . Plenti tumas i klostu dai pinis na dispela ino gutpela tumas. Figure 3

Enimol Grup 1990 1994 1996 2000 2004

Mammals 535 741 1096 1130 1101

Pisin 1026 970 1107 1183 1212

Snek / Palai 169 316 253 296 304

Rokrok 57 169 124 146 1770

Pis 713 979 734 752 801

Binatang 1977 2754 1891 1928 1992

Olgeta 4477 5929 5206 5435 7180

Dispela tebol (figure 4) bai soim namba bilong threatened species istap insait long PNG, Ostrelia na Amerika. Insait long Ostrelia na Amerika igat plenti threatened species tru bikos ol i divelop na bagarapim plenti bikbus pinis. Na long PNG inogat plenti treatened species tumas bikos igat bikpela renfores istap yet na tu ol saientis ino save gut yet. Figure 4

Kan

tri

Mam

mal

Pisi

n

Rep

tile

Rok

rok

Pis

Kin

dam

Bin

atan

g

Plan

t

Extin

ct

PNG 58 33 9 10 31 2 10 142 1

AUST 63 60 38 47 74 176 107 56 37

USA 40 71 27 50 154 261 300 240 237

“Destroyed buildings can be rebuilt; destroyed works of art may possibly be replaced by new creations; but every animal and every flower which becomes

extinct is lost forever in the most absolute of all deaths.” (Joseph Wood Krutch)

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Biodiversity Bio em min olsem samting igat laif na diversity em min olsem plenti kain kain samting. So biodiversity em min plenti kain kain samting igat laif. Ol saientis i laik painim aut gut namba bilong kain kain (okenisems) samting istap long wol, na ol i bin painim na kauntim pinis samting olsem wan milien kain kain okenisems na givim saiens nem long ol. Ol iting imas igat samting olsem 40 milien samting istap yet we ol ino inap painim na givim saiens nem long ol. Long tok Inglis ol i kolim olsem undiscovered species (abus o diwai). Plenti wok manmeri bilong saiens isave long plenti kain kain abus istap insait long renfores. Refores i pulap tru long biodivesity. Ol iting Papua Niugini igat bikpela namba bilong biodiveristy. Nau ol lain bilong konseveisin i wok hat tru long sevim ol renfores bipo long ol refores i pinis na biodiveristy tu i pinis wantaim. Papua Niugini em i liklik kantri tasol igat plenti samting istap insait. Em long wanem PNG igat bikbus o renfores istap yet na ino bagarap. PNG winim plenti arapela kantri long wol long ol samting bilong abus olsem:

• namba tri renfores long world (3rd largest rainforest in the world) • 60 kainkain marsupial • 2 pela kain monotremes • 10 pela kain kain tri kengeru • 9 pela kain kain cuscus • 5 pela kain kain dorcopsis sikau • 16 pela kain kain possum • 725 kain kain pisin • 27 kain kain kingfisher • 42 kain kain bird of paradise • 3 pela kain muruk (noten, sauten na sotpela muruk). • 1 pela pisin igat poison (Hooded Pithoui). • 1 pela pisin isave slip aninit long graun (Greater Melanpitta). • 20,000 kain kain plants. • 2000 kain kain okid flawa. • 2000 kain kain fern. • bikpela (biggest) rokrok bilong diwai (White-lipped Tree Frog) • bikpela (biggest) bataplai (Queen Alexandras Birdwing Butterfly) • bikpela (biggest) bataplai bilong nait (Hercules Moth) • bikpela (largest) pukpuk (Salt water Crocodile) • longpela palai tru (longest lizard) (Salvadors Monitor) • liklik parrot pisin tru (smallest) long wol (Buff-faced Pygmy Parrot) • na tu korol rif igat plenti kain kain okenisems insait tu olsem pis, korol na

plenti ol liklik kindam samting. Em nau yu ken lukim olsem PNG igat plenti kain kain samting tru istap na i winim tru arapela kantri long wol. Mipela hop dispela bai soim yu olsem ol abus na diwai bilong Papua Niugini i spesol na igat nem na namba long wol. Yupela Papua Niugini imas amamas na wok hat long lukautim ol dispela samting bikos em i givim yu nem na namba tu. Sopos ol pipol ino lukautim gut na ol dai pinis olgeta, ol arapela manmeri long wol bai tingting plenti na lukim yupela olsem ol lain nogut o kain olsem. Olsem na yupela mas lukautim gut dispela biodiversity bilong yupela.

“Man didn’t weave the web of life; he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web he does to himself”

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Chief Seattle

Kain kain enimol igat bilum Papua Niugini igat kain kain enimol igat bilum o marsupial. Dispela em bikpela samting tru bikos inogat narapela kantri igat ol dispela kain abus. Sampela istap insait long Ostrelia tasol 75% samting istap insait long Niugini tasol. Dispela em i gutpela piksa bilong biodiversity. Nau sopos ol manmeri i ting enimol igat bilum em gutpela abus tasol na kaikai, em min olsem ol bai pinis kwik na yumi nogat wei long kisim ol bek. Sopos yu pinisim ol pik, dok o pusi em ino bikpela wari tumas. Yu ken go long Ostrelia o Indonesia na kisim nupela na kam lukautim. Tasol sopos ol sikau, mumut, liklik kapul o arapela abus igat bilum i pinis olgeta, yumi nogat wei long kisim ol bek gen. Dispela em i namba wan wari tru bilong ol saientis na lain bilong konseveisin. Taim ol i extinct, yumi nogat nau. Bai yumi lukim piksa na stori tasol insait long buk.

Kain kain pisin Plenti pipol long wol isave aigris tru long ol pisin bilong Papua Niugini. Bikpela tru em kumul pisin. Kumul em wanpela naispela biknem pisin long olgeta hap bilong wol. Kumul i makim Papua Niugini long wol insait long PNG flag na plenti piksa bilong em long Air Niugini balus na insait long ol stoa na long ol buk samting. Insait long PNG igat 42 kain kain kumu. Ostrelia igat tupela kain tasol na inogat long arapela kantri long wol. Sopos PNG i lukautim gut kumul em i wanpela gutpela piksa long soim ol turis na lain bilong saiens. Plenit pipol igat laik long wokim piksa bilong em na lukim tasol. Ol laik lukim piksa na kisim foto tasol na ino long kilim idai. Plenti lain husat igat bikpela laik long ol pisin bai tok olsem Bird of Paradise (kumul) na ol parrot em ol feivret pisin bilong ol. Insait long PNG igat plenti spesol kain kain kumul na parrot pisin na dispela em i narapela piksa bilong biodiversity.

Kain kain rokrok Long Papua Niugini igat kain kain rokrok istap. Plenti save manmeri bilong saiens ino bin lukim ol yet na plenti nupela kain kain species i bin kam aut long Papua Niugini. Wanpela man nem bilong em Chris Dahl i bin go long universiti na wok wantaim ol lain bilong Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) long Goroka). Dispela man isave go raun painim na skelim ol kain kain rokrok. Taim em i bungim wanpela nupela kain rokrok em bai givim saiens nem long em. Long 2005 em i painin 22 nupela kain rokrok na dispela em i wanpela gutpela na naispela wok bilong saiens. Taim Matt West na Michael Shelton bin kam na stap long Lumi, tupela i bin lukim ol kain kain rokrok. Nau tupela poro ya igat bikpela laik tru long rokrok bilong Papua Niugini. Tupela tok bai tupela kam bek gen long wokim narapela wok painim aut long ol rokrok bilong Niugini. So tingim, sopos yupela kilim olgeta kain rokrok na kaikai bai ol autsait lain kam raun long ples bilong yupela tu o nogat? Rokrok ino samting nating, ol tu igat nem na namba long wol olsem na yupela mas lukautim ol gut. Plenti kain kain rokrok em i nupela na stap insait long Toriseli maunten. Ol save man bilong saiens imas kam na painim ol na skelim. Taim ol i skelim ol bai painim aut sopos em i nupela species o nogat.

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Kain kain binatang Insait long wol namba bilong ol binatang i winim ol narapela kain abus. Igat plenti moa kain kain na namba bilong ol binatang insait long wol. Kain olsem wanpela man bai igat 200 binatang na wanpela mammal bai igat 314 binatang samting. Namba bilong ol binatang i winim ol arapela samting. Sampela lain bilong saiens igat bikpela laik long ol binatang na ol i laik painim na givim saiens nem long ol. Igat tausen na milien nupela kain binatang istap insait long Papua Niugini we ol inogat yet saiens nem bilong ol. Long Madang sampela yut isave go raun long bus na painim ol binatang na lainim wei bilong givim saiens nem long ol. Ol dispela yut isave wokbung wantaim wanpela man bilong saiens long Madang. Ol dispela yut ol isave kolim ol olsem ol “Mangi Binatang”.

Igat tu narapela lain i wok long Bulolo long Morobe Provins na ol lukautim ol bataflai. Ol isave putim ol bataflai long sampela plastik na piksa frem na bihain salim long ol turis na sampela lain bilong saiens. Dispela em i kamap olsem wanpela liklik bisnis bilong ol pipol bilong Bulolo. Plenti pipol hia i ting binatang em i samting nating tasol nogat ya. Em igat nem na namba tu long wol. Tasol namba wan risen long lukautim ol binatang em bikos ol isave helpim sapotim laif bilong ol arapela abus insait long renfores. Ol i olsem ol kaikai bilong ol arapela abus insait long renforest. Yumi bai toktok moa long dispela samting aninit long ‘food webs’. Long tok Inglis ol kolim ol binatang olsem ol ‘keystone species’. Em min olsem sopos ol binatang idai bai ol arapela abus tu idai na pinis wantaim.

Kain kain okids Okid flawa em i wanpela gutpela piksa bilong biodiversity insait long Papua Niugini. PNG igat samting olsem 2,000-3,000 kain kain okid flawa. Nau insait long PNG ol okid flawa i bin givim PNG bikpela nem na namba long wol. Taim ol save manmeri i skelim namba bilong okid flawa, ol wol i amamas tru na ol igat bikpela laik long ol okids bilong PNG. Sampela saientis i bin kam na skelim ol okid. Ol turis na sampela intenesinel lain tu i bin kam na baim ol okids na kisim foto long ol. Sampela hap bilong PNG tude igat okid faming we kamap olsem liklik bisnis bilong ol. Plenti samting long ol bikbus bilong Papua Niugini i winim tru ol arapela kantri. Na Papua Niugini igat gutpela risen long amamas long dispela samting. Konseveisin em i wok tru bilong lukautim ol dispela kain samting yu gat long bikbus. Sopos yu ino lukautim gut nau na yu gridi na bagarapim olgeta samting long bus, pikinini bilong yu bai inogat dispela samting long givim em biknem na amamas long bihain taim. Yu ting wanem long dispela?

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Bagarap bilong Biodiversity Population Growth o gro bilong namba bilong ol manmeri na pikinini em namba wan samting long bagarapim biodiversity. Long wol tude igat moa long 6 bilien pipol istap. Papua Niugini igat 5 milien pipol na dispela namba istat nau long givim plenti hevi igo long ol risoses long graun na environmen. Insait long PNG igat arapela bagarap bilong biodiversity tu isave kamap taim loging na maining kampani ikam insait na katim diwai o rausim kol, kopa, oil na ges samting long bikbus. Tasol wok gaden na painim abus em i namba wan bagarap bilong biodiversity insait long ol ples bilong PNG. Plenti man tru i save was na kilim abus na wok gaden insait long bikbus long tude. Dispela em tupela we bilong bagarap kamap long biodiversity long ples taim namba bilong ol pipol i gro. Fifti (50) yia igo pinis namba bilong ol manmeri long ples ino bikpela tumas olsem tude. Bipo inogat gutpela hausik na marasin, olsem na plenti manmeri na pikinini isave dai long kain kain sik. Long wok bilong saiens, ol kain kain strongpela marasin i bin kamap long 1950’s. Taim ol namba wan waitman ikam long Papua Niugini ol i bringim gutpela marasin ikam na pinisim ol kain kain sik. Dispela nau i helpim populeisin bilong PNG long gro hariap tru long wanem plenti manmeri na pikinini ino inap long dai kwik nau. Dispela em i as bilong dispela hevi bilong plenti manmeri. Taim igat plenti manmeri o pikinini insait long wan wan femili, yu mas painim plenti moa kaikai na busgraun bilong wokim gaden, diwai bilong wokim haus na kisim moa mit bilong abus long kaikai. Em nau yu bai luksave olsem igat problem. Abus na graun isot, diwai, kaikai na kumu samting tu bai isot. Dispela nau em wanpela bikpela hevi tru long PNG na i putim bikpela presa long gavman. Nau yumi mas stat long tingting plenti na senisim tingting na kisim gutpela save bilong kontrolim femili bipo long bikpela hevi i painim yumi long ol yia ikam bihain. Narapela samting tu em taim waitman ikam insait long Papua Niugini, plenti kastom na kalsa i senis na dispela tu bin bagarapim sidaun bilong ol pipol long ol ples. Plenti pipol i lain nau long kaikai moa mit long olgeta dei na plenti moa man imas go long painim abus long bus. Plenti pipol bin usim masket bilong waitman na pinisim tru ol abus olsem Guria pisin na daunim namba bilong plenti narapela kain abus. Na tu plenti pipol ino fret moa long raun nating long bus na go insait long graun bilong narapela klen o ples. Ol dispela nau em risen bilong daunim namba bilong abus na ol narapela risoses long busgraun. Loging na maining tu isave givim bikpela bagarap long biodiversity. Namba wan bagarap em dispela i kamap long graun na bikbus. Ol abus i kisim kaikai long ol diwai na usim tu ol diwai olsem haus bilong ol. Taim ol kampani i katim ol diwai o digim graun long wok maining long wanpela eria dispela bai kamapim bikpela bagarap tru na olgeta abus wantaim ol pisin bai dai o ron igo long narapela hap long hait na painim kaikai. Dispela em tupela we bilong kamapim bikpela bagarap long olgeta laif insait long renfores. Dispela kain renfores bai gro gen tasol em bai ino olsem bipo. Em bai kamap secondary renfores we ino gutpela tumas long plenti abus olsem Tenkile, Weimang, o muruk. Sampela pipol i tok long taim bilong loging ol abus bai ranawe na hait. Dispela ino tru. Sopos wanpela mumut i lusim graun bilong em bikos loging i rausim ol diwai na graun, na sopos em bungim narapela mumut, tupela bai pait long winim wanpela hap graun na wanpela mas idai long dispela pait. Tupela abus ino inap hait long wanpela liklik hap

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graun o ples, wankain olsem yumi ol manmeri. Wan wan abus isave stap long graun bilong em yet na igat spesol eria ol usim long sapotim laif. Sopos graun isot long abus, namba bilong abus tu bai isot. Sampela lain bai tok loging em i gutpela bikos bihain yu ken groim kes krop olsem oil palm, tasol dispela em i bikpela giaman divelopmen. Plenti oil palm bisnis ino kamap gut tude na ino inap kamap gut long bihain taim. Graun bilong renfores ino gutpela tumas taim olgeta diwai i pinis. Olgeta gris bilong gaun bai pinis taim olgeta diwai antap long dispela graun i pinis. Bihain long loging na yu planim ol kaikai o diwai gen, ol bai gro insait long 1-2 yia, bihain long dispela ol bai dai bikos gris bilong graun i pinis taim bikpela ren ikam daun na rausim ol gris long graun. Maining isave bagarapim graun na wara. Taim wara karim ol rabis bilong main olsem long Flai Riva long Westen Provins, ol marasin nogut tu istap insait long dispela ol rabis o waste. Dispela marasin nogut inap long kilim olgeta pis long wara na bagarapim ol graun na kaikai ino inap gro. Ok Tedi Mining Limited i bin wokim bikpela bagarap tru insait long Flai Riva na nau dispela ekosistem idai pinis olgeta. Nogat wanpela samting igat laif istap nau insait long dispela bikpela wara. Ol papagraun bin traim traim long kotim kampani long kisim kompenseisin tasol nogat olgeta. Graun na bus bilong ol idai pinis olgeta. Sampela taim loging na maining iken kamapim gutpela divelopmen sopos igat gutpela kampani ikam insait long wokim wok tasol plenti taim dispela ino save kamap long PNG. Insait long Papua Niugini olgeta i laikim moni nau yet nau yet, na ol ino tingting long bihain taim. Dispela em i wanpela bikpela problem insait long plenti yangpela kantri long wol olsem Papua Niugini. Gavman, papagraun na ol kampani i laikim moni hariap tasol na ol ino save tingting long wanem samting nogut bai kamap long bihain taim.

“The air is precious to the red man. For all things share the same breath, the beast, the trees, the man, they all share the same breath…What is man without

the beasts? If all the beasts were gone, men would die from a great loneliness of spirit. For whatever happens to the beasts, soon happens to man. All things are

connected…whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth.” Indian Chief Seattle - Duwamish Leader Washington USA (1854)

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NATURAL RISOSES/ RISOSES BILONG GRAUN Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri i kisim dispela skul inap long:

• luksave long natural risoses em wanem samting na kamapim ol ples klia • kisim save long mining bilong konseveisin, katim gut diwai na menesim natural

risoses • kisim save bilong wanem yumi mas lukautim gut natural risoses long bihain

taim • pulim tingting na tok pait long ol hevi bilong konseveisin • save gut long bikpela tingting bilong saiens we i sut stret long konseveisin na –

kirapim tingting long ol gutpela rot bilong konseveisin istap we ol i ken usim long kisim na usim ol natural risoses

• usim dispela skul long kamapim natural risos menesmen plen long ples bilong ol

• skelim pasin na wei bilong tumbuna na saiens na lukim wanem rot em i gutpela long usim long ples long kamapim konseveisin eria menesmen.

Tok igo pas Insait long dispela skul bai yu harim ol kain nupela tok bilong saiens na Inglis olsem: Sustainable – Yu kisim gut wanpela samting olsem saksak o mambu long bus na bai nupela iken kamap gen hariap long yu usim gen bihain taim. Long renfores yu mas katim wan wan diwai tasol bai nupela iken kamap gen long usim bihain. Dispela em mining o as tingting bilong dispela tok sustainable. Olgeta abus na diwai samting long bus imas senis na senis tasol na inogat pinis bilong ol. Resources – Ol pipol o samting bilong helpim yu mekim wok o kisim skul. Ol natural risos em ol samting olsem graun, wara, diwai, oil na ges, gol na kopa, na abus long bus. Kain olsem ol diwai em i helpim yu long wokim haus na dispela buk yu ridim nau em i wanpela risos tu long helpim yu kisim save. Ol human risos em ol man, meri na pikinini wantaim kain kain gutpela save na strong na tingting. Arapela risos em kain olsem ol gavman, NGO, lotu, bisnis, moni, kago, skul na trening. Konseveisin – em i min olsem yumi mas usim na lukautim gut samting. I olsem yumi mas pasim rot na wok bilong bungim olgeta samting na usim isi isi. Taim bilong bikpela bagarap ikam bihain bai yumi ino inap sot long wanpela samting olsem; diwai, abus o graun bilong wokim gaden. Konseveisin em tok bilong waitman we i nupela long PNG, tasol em istap pinis insait long kastom na kalsa bilong ol pipol bilong Wape na PNG. Tambuim o banisim nau liklik namba bilong Tenkile long kamap plenti long bihain taim em wanpela rot tu bilong strongim pasin tumbuna bilong Toriseli maunten. Populeisin – em namba bilong ol sampela kain species olsem Tenkile, Guria pisin o manmeri long ples. Gavman isave mekim wok senses long kauntim namba bilong ol pipol o populeisin long ples na kantri PNG. Ol saientis tu isave wokim senses long save gut long populeisin bilong olgeta kain abus, pisin o binatang samting istap long bikbus.

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Komuniti – i karamapim olgeta populeisin bilong samting igat laif istap insait long wanpela eria. Kain olsem namba bilong ol manmeri, kakaruk, pik, dok, kokonas, buai o tulip samting olgeta stap wantaim long wanpela ples.

Natural risoses – em wanem samting? Natural i min olsem samting i kamap long graun na risos em samting igat gutpela wok o bikpela velyu bilong em. Olgeta samting istap long bikbus olsem graun, wara, diwai, abus na pisin, gol o kopa samting, em ol natural risoses. Sampela risos olsem oil, ges, gol na kopa isave dai o pinis hariap. Ol kolim dispela long tok Inglis olsem non-renewable risos. Na sampela olsem diwai na abus isave dai isi isi na inap kamap gen long graun sopos ol man i lukautim gut. Dispela long tok Inglis ol kolim renewable o sustainable risos. Kain olsem ol samting igat laif bai kamap gen sopos mama na papa istap o bikpela mama diwai istap. Long tok Inglis ol kolim sustainable o renewable risos. Tasol sampela kain risos ino sustainable ol kolim non-renewable risos. Kain olsem gol, oil, gas na graun. Ol dispela samting bai kisim plenti yia tru long kamap so ino sustainable. Plenti samting yumi save usim long sapotim laif em ol natural risoses. Sopos yumi nogat ol natural risoses olsem wara bai laif bilong yumi i senis hariap na plenti man, meri na pikinini bai lusim laif na idai. Konseveisin em i wok bilong lukautim ol natural risoses bilong yumi.

“A man should rely on his own resources; the one who so trains himself is ready for any emergency”.

Omaha, Oral Tradition

Natural risos menesmen Aninit long wok bilong konseveisin igat menesmen na bai - lo bilong helpim pipol lukautim ol natural risoses bilong ol. Dispela em min olsem yupela bai usim na kisim sampela samting tasol long bus na lo bai banisim o tambu long yupela long sevim sampela istap long usim long taim bihain. Ol pipol i mas tingting gut na sevim sampela samting istap long usim long taim bihain. Sopos yupela pinisim olgeta risoses long nau tasol bai ol lain pikinini na tumbuna bilong yupela usim wanem samting bihain? Ol gavman bilong narapela kantri long wol igat wok manmeri bilong lukautim ol bikbus na environmen ol kolim olsem ‘rangers’. Tasol long Papua Niugini ol lain bilong Konseveisin Eria Menesmen Komiti bai kamap olsem rangers na lukautim environmen na natural risoses long ples. Dispela em i bikpela wok o responsibility nau tasol igat gutpela kaikai long bihain taim we ol pikinini na tumbuna bilong yupela bai amamas na sidaun gut. Olsem na yu noken sidaun nating na weitim gavman o narapela lain manmeri autsait long kam helpim yu. Yu mas kirap nau na mekim wok long helpim yu yet na kamap independent o ‘Self- reliant’. Sopos yu lukluk insait long PNG na plenti arapela kantri long wol, bai yu lukim plenti bagarap bilong environmen. Kain olsem Ok Tedi Mining i bagarapim Flai Riva na wok didiman o agriculture i bagarapim plenti graun long Ostrelia, Vietnam na Congo na raunim plenti abus igo longwe tru. Plenti ples igat sampela kain hevi bilong environmen bikos ol pipol ino tingting long bihain taim. Ol tingting long kisim moni o helpim bilong nau tasol. Sopos yu laik sapotim dispela kain tingting yu ino inap kamap gutpela

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ranger. Tasol yu mas luksave nau olsem olgeta samting long bus istat long go daun na pinis isi isi olsem na yu mas redi long wokim natural risos menesmen long ples na bus bilong yu.

“To the Westerner land is a commodity, a resource to be bought, exploited developed and sold” (what does it mean to the PNG National?)

David Suzuki – from Wisdom of the Elders

Konseveisin Eria Menesmen Komiti Olgeta liklik ples istap aninit long ol wok Tenkile Conservation Alliance i kirapim bai kamapim dispela konseveisin eria. Ol i bin wanbel long larim sampela graun istap nating na usim long wok bilong konseveisin na ol ino inap go insait painim abus, kisim diwai o wokim gaden. Igat sampela bai – lo bai ol dispela ples i kamapim long banisim konseveisin eria bilong ol. Ol menesmen komiti bilong dispela konseveisin eria bai kamap olsem papa bilong lukautim busgraun insait long konseveisin eria na bringim ol bikhet na hambak manmeri long kot. Ol mas usim ol bai–lo bilong konseveisin eria long kotim ol dispela kain manmeri o lainim ol long rispektim wok bilong konseveisin.

Sustainable Harvesting Dispela tok Inglis i min olsem kisim gut na isi long ol samting long bus bai ino inap bagarapim ol narapela we bai i senisim na kamapim nupela long usim bihain taim. Sustainable Harvesting em i min olsem kisim na senisim. Sopos yu tingting long kisim tasol na ino senisim bai inogat nupela kamap istap long usim bihain. Tasol sopos yu kisim wan wan o isi isi na yu givim abus o diwai taim long gro gen bai igat plenti gen long yu usim long bihain taim. Kain olsem sopos yu laik katim wanpela bikpela diwai, yu mas senisim na planim 5 o 10 pela liklik long kisim ples bilong dispela yu katim. Plenti ol gutpela kampani bilong loging isave wokim dispela long menesim na stretim bagarap ol wokim long renfores. Yu mas planim dispela kain namba bilong nupela diwai bikos nogut yu planim wanpela tasol na em idai samting bai inogat moa senis bilong dispela diwai yu katim pinis. Plenti taim namba bilong abus, diwai o renfores bai gro gen tasol bai gro isi isi tru na kisim longpela taim. Namba bilong ol pipol long PNG na wol tude isave gro hariap tru na i winim gro bilong ol abus na diwai long bus. Long dispela risen tasol na taim yu kisim ol risoses o samting long bus bilong yu tude, yu mas lukaut gut na noken bagarapim ol narapela samting o noken kisim plenti plenti tumas. Yu mas stat nau long plenim tu sais o namba bilong femili bilong yu wantaim hamas risoses yu igat istap nau long bus na hamas risoses yu ting bai yu igat long bihain taim. Nogut yu igat plenti pikinini na tumbuna bihain na ol inogat inap risoses olsem saksak o diwai long usim.

“The frog does not drink up the pond in which he lives”

Sioux Proverb

Natural Risos Menesmen Rot bilong menesim ol risoses em hat na longpela stret na ino wanpela isi samting. Long bihainim gut dispela rot oltaim yu mas lukluk na save gut, skelim na wokim gutpela disisen long wanem gutpela samting bai kamap long bihain taim. Olgeta komiti memba i mas sidaun wantaim na wokbung long plenim ol risoses na toktok plenti long namba wan wei bilong wokim wok na sevim ol risoses long taim bihain. Dispela em i

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gutpela stat bilong lukautim na menesim ol risoses long ples. Sampela rot o step bilong menesim environmen na ol risoses bilong yu em i olsem: PLENING

1. Luksave long ol nid bilong komuniti 2. Wokim sket mep 3. Luksave long ol risoses long graun 4. Makim wanpela hekta graun long usim 5. Wokim plen bilong wan hekta graun 6. Wokim 5 yia plen.

WOKIM WOK

1. Wokim edukeisin awenes 2. Wokim trening 3. Tok stia 4. Supavisen 5. Wok prektis.

MONITORING

1. Wok painim aut 2. Risets 3. Stori.

PLENING Long kamapim wanpela nupela projek, plening em bikpela samting tru na em i namba wan step. Sopos yu kamapim wanpela projek na inogat gutpela plening bai isi tru long yu lus tingting long sampela step bilong bihainim na yu ino inap wokim gut dispela projek. 1. Luksave long ol nid bilong komuniti – nambawan samting tru. Lukluk long ol nids bilong komunti. Sidaun wantaim komuniti na painim aut wanem samting ol nidim long stap laif, kain olsem kaikai, abus o diwai na raitim long pepa. Dispela em i bikpela wok bikos environmen bilong yu igat ol dispela samting long givim kaikai na bilong wokim haus samting. 2. Wokim sket mep – wokim sket mep i soim olgeta graun insait long komunti na olgeta risoses istap insait long graun. Makim pilo mak o boundary wantaim narapela ples, we ol gaden na kes krop istap, we ol gutpela diwai na bikpela bus istap, ol konseveisin eria na ol arapela spesol ples olsem ples masalai o ples tambu. Makim ol kain kain wara na fut trek, ples na ol haus. Sket mep mas karamapim olgeta samting stap insait long em. 3. Luksave long ol risoses long graun – luksave gut long olgeta risoses istap long graun bilong yu. Makim long sket mep na painim aut wanem samting isot na wanem samting igat plenti. Taim yu wokim dispela yu mas lukluk long ol nids bilong komuniti wantaim dispela risoses insait long sket mep bilong yu. 4. Makim wanpela hap hekta graun long usim – makim wan hekta graun we yu bai wokim wok long em. Insait long dispela hap graun bai yu lukluk long karamapim sampela samting yu nidim (olsem kaikai o diwai) na sampela samting yu ino nidim. Na sampela hap graun bai yu lusim istap nating bilong yu mekim sampela wok long bihain taim. 5. Wokim plen bilong wan hekta eria – yu mas makim dispela graun, skelim na lukluk gut long wanem risoses istap insait. Dispela em i namba wan wok bilong plening. Yu mas makim olgeta samting yu bai nidim bihain taim na larim dispela samting istap. Orait lukluk long graun, wara, diwai, kaikai, na olgeta samting na tingting gut long wanem wei bai yu lukautim gut ol dispela samting. Sopos yu laik sevim sampela diwai orait makim nau bai ol man o meri ino inap bagarapim.

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6. Wokim 5 yia plen – nau yu ken lukluk long ol narapela wan hekta blok na wokim 5 yia plen long ol arapela graun insait long komunti.

WOKIM WOK Dispela em i olsem wokim wok bihainim ol skul yu kisim pinis na tingting gut long sevim ol risoses bilong yu. Ol sampela rot bilong yu bihainim em istap hia: 1. Edukeisin Awenes – bipo yu stat yu mas givim sampela skul long ol pipol bilong ples long wei bilong wokim wok insait long dispela eria o hap graun. 2. Trening – redim sampela kos o woksop samting na givim moa trening sopos ol ino klia gut yet long wanem samting ol imas mekim. 3. Tok stia – taim yu soim ol long wei bilong wok yu mas givim ol sampela taim na larim ol yet (independent) i wokim wok. Dispela i min olsem givim ol independens. 4. Supavisen – lukluk long wok ol i mekim. Sopos ol ino mekim stret yu mas stretim na givim ol stia toktok na tingting. 5. Prektis – nau em i laik bilong ol manmeri long wokim wok bilong ol yet. Ol imas prektis o lainim moa yet long mekim samting i kamap. Sampela taim ol bai slek, pudaun o filim les, tasol plenti taim sopos ol i traim hat tru na prektis moa, ol bai inap long winim dispela wok. Taim ol isave pinis ol bai laikim tru long wokim wok nau.

MONITORING (Lukluk na sekim wok klostu klostu) Dispela em i samting bilong painim aut na sekim sopos olgeta wok i ron gut tasol o nogat? Dispela em i kain olsem saiens nau na em i bikpela samting long helpim yu wokim narapela nupela plening. Em bai soim yu wanem samting i bagarap o ino kamap gut na kamapim as bilong dispela bagarap. 1. Surveys – em i wanpela wei bilong painim aut sopos samting iwok aut gut o nogat. Aninit long risos menesmen yu ken go insait na sekim hamas risoses istap long bus. Kain olsem wokim distens sempling o usim bikpela lait long nait na painim abus o kauntim hamas diwai istap long bus, hamas nupela diwai i kamap, sekim na kauntim hamas istap. 2. Research – yu ken wokim sampela saiens risets long painim aut hamas samting istap o sekim na skelim sampela samting long bus. Yu mas lukluk gut na spendim bikpela taim long bus o raun long wokim risets. 3. Stories – wanpela isi rot em long toktok wantaim ol komuniti memba na askim ol long sampela senis. Kain olsem wanem samting istap o ino stap moa long bus o hamas samting ol lukim, kisim o planim long bus.

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Menesim Populeisin bilong Pipol Bikpela Wari – bikpela populeisin tumas Ol stadi i soim olsem 8,000 yia bipo long Krais i bin kamap, igat 5 milien pipol tasol istap long wol. Dispela i wankain olsem populeisin bilong kantri PNG tude. Tasol tude igat moa long 6 bilien pipol istap long wol. Sopos dispela namba i gro yet olsem nau bai igat samting olsem 14 bilien pipol istap long wol long 30 yia bihain. Na dispela i min olsem bai igat 14 milien pipol long PNG long dispela taim bihain. Lukluk long teibol daunbilo (figure 5) long kisim gut piksa bilong dispela stori. Figure 5 - Ol populesin bilong wol

Year Human Population

8,000 BC 5 Million people

1610 AD 500 million

1810 AD 1000 million (1 billion)

1910 AD 2 billion

1995 AD 5.3 billion

2034 AD 14 billion Predicted

Wanem as bilong dispela? Plenti pipol i ting dispela bikpela namba bilong manmeri i kamap bikos ol papamama i kamapim plenti pikinini tumas. Tasol risen tru em bikos tude gutpela wok bilong saiens i kamapim ol marasin bilong banisim ol kain kain strongpela sik we isave kilim idai plenti manmeri na pikinini bipo. Olgeta hap bilong wol na PNG wantaim, igat gutpela skul bilong kaikai gut, klinim bedhaus na ples na lukautim gut helt bilong bodi i helpim long banisim ol manmeri na pikinini long dai klostu klostu. Dispela populeisin istat gro long 1950’s ikam inap tude bikos wanpela man bilong saiens i bin wokim dispela strongpela marasin ol kolim penicilin (taim yu go long haus sik na ol givim yu amoxcillan, em i dispela marasin). Dispela marasin nau i banisim ol kain kain sik na plenti pipol igat longpela laif. Narapela samting tu em ol waitman na meri nau isave stap longpela taim olsem 80 – 90 yia samting bikos ol igat gutpela kaikai, marasin na plenti gutpela samting olsem spot na eksesais. Hevi bilong environmen Igat plenti manmeri long wol nau olsem na bai igat tu kain kain hevi long environmen olsem:

• plenti abus na diwai bai dai pinis olgeta, kamap extinct • graun bai sot na ol manmeri bai pait long graun • kaikai bai sot bikos nogat inap graun long wokim gaden • wara bai sot o bagarap (water pollution) o pinis olgeta • moa marasin nogut (chemicals) bai bagarapim wara na win na dispela bai

bagarapim na senisim klaimet • hevi bilong moni sot na plenti pipol long wol bai nogat gutpela sidaun.

Dispela em ol sampela hevi we bai kamap long environmen bilong yupela namel long narapela 30 - 50 yia bihain sopos yupela ino stat nau long sidaun gut na menesim ol

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risoses bilong yupela. Femili Plening em i namba wan rot bilong helpim stretim hevi bilong environmen bilong yupela. Skelim populeisin bilong Sumoro insait long Lumi District tude. Long tude populeisin bilong Sumoro em 10,000. Insait long 18 Tenkile “moratorium villages” igat samting olsem 5666 pipol (2006 Population Census). Sopos ol pipol ino bihainim femili plening na populeisin i gro long wankain mak olsem nau (2.5% per yia), em i min olsem long yia 2030, bai igat 10,000 pipol stap insait long dispela 18 villages tasol. Dispela em olsem namba bilong Sumoro olgeta long nau. Tingim; yu igat inap risoses long sapotim laif bilong olgeta dispela man, meri na pikinini o nogat?

“We have forgotten how to be good guests, how to walk lightly on the earth as other creatures do.”

Only One Earth Conference

Menesmen bilong dispela hevi

Igat isi rot bilong sekim gro bilong populeisin long komuniti o ples bilong yu. Usim tupela empti tin na sampela ston. Wanpela tin yu makim nupela pikinini kamap na narapela tin yu makim man idai. Taim wanpela nupela pikinini kamap yu putim wanpela ston insait long tin bilong nupela pikinini. Na taim wanpela man, meri o pikinini idai yu putim wanpela ston long tin bilong man idai. Orait taim nupela yia i kamap yu ken skelim na luksave, populeisin i gro, stap wankain o igo daun. Taim yu lukim populeisin i gro, yu bai luksave na nau yu ken stat long wokim sampela femili plening toktok.

Femili plening em i nambawan wei long menesim populeisin insait long komunti. Dispela ino nupela samting insait long Papua Niugini. Igat plenti bus marasin istap long banisim pikinini tasol hausik tu igat kain kain marasin na wei bilong banisim pikinini. Kain olsem kondom, marasin (pil), o kisim sut. Olgeta dispela rot o wei bilong femili plening istap fri na yu ino inap baim. Taim yu karim wan, tu o tripela pikinini pinis na yu laik stop, man wantaim meri iken toktok wantaim na man iken kisim vasectomy. Vasectomy em wanpela wei bilong stopim rot bilong wara bilong karim pikinini long kok bilong man long go bungim kiau bilong meri. Femili Plening em namba wan rot long sevim abus, busgraun, risoses na laif bilong yu insait long PNG. Sopos yu laik kisim moa tingting o skul long ol kain kain rot bilong femili plening yu ken go long hausik na toktok wantaim HEO na ol sista na nes.

Menesmen Bilong Katim Diwai Wari – Diwai i sot Sampela ples itok ol isot nau long gutpela diwai bilong wokim haus. Dispela wari o hevi i kamap nau bikos igat plenti man, meri na pikinini na olgeta i nidim moa diwai long wokim haus o usim long paiawud. Diwai em i nambawan risos bilong PNG na wol. Dispela em i wanpela sustainable risos bikos em isave gro na kam bek gen bihain long yu katim. Plenti diwai isave kamap nating long bus tasol sampela kain diwai ino gutpela tumas long wokim haus o usim long paiawud olsem marmar na ren tri. Plenti pipol long ples istat long wari na tingting plenti nau long wanem ol gutpela diwai bilong wokim haus i pinis na ol stat nau long usim malum malum diwai. Long dispela as na plenti haus ol man wokim long ples ino save stap longpela taim tumas olsem bipo.

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Hevi bilong environmen Long taim bilong wokim nupela gaden long bikbus bai yu katim plenti moa diwai go daun. Dispela inap bagarapim tru graun. Ol as bilong diwai isave holim na banisim graun long taim bilong bikpela guria,win, ren o wara i tait. Taim graun istap nating em isi tru long bruk na luslus igo daun long wara na karim gutpela gris igo wantaim. Narapela hevi em plenti abus, pisin na binatang bai lusim kaikai na ples hait bilong ol taim olgeta diwai igo pinis na graun tu i lus. Menesmen bilong dispela hevi

Long menesim dispela kain hevi igat ol rot istap long helpim olsem:

taim yu katim diwai, bihainim wei bilong katim wantaim wokabaut somil. Katim wan wan diwai long wan wan eria bilong bus. Noken katim olgeta diwai long wanpela eria bilong bus tasol.

Noken katim diwai klostu long wara. Larim olsem 20-60 mita samting long wara o sapos yu ken lukim wara, no ken katim diwai.

No ken katim diwai long maunten olsem 10º samting, dispela bai wokim landslide behain (graun bai bruk).

No ken katim diwai insait long ples masalai o spesol ples o insait long konsevesin eria.

Larim sampela bus i stap namel long wan wan gaden eria.

Luk save long ol diwai yu sot long em na larim sampela i stap na traim planim moa gen olsem wokim nerseri o planim ol pikinini na kru bilong em.

Traim katim 10 diwai tasol insait long wanpela hectare long graun.

Larim wanpela mamapapa diwai i stap long bus long karim pikinini diwai behain taim. Ol kolim “sid tri”.

Traim katim diwai so tupela diwai bai poldaun long wanpela hap tasol. No gut yu brukim plenti arapela pikinini diwai wantaim. (Lukim piksa)

Traim rausim ol rop tupela o tripela mun bipo yu katim diwai. Ol rop i hangamapim antap long diwai bai pulim ol narapela diwai taim diwai I bruk na i kam daun sapos yu no rausim ol rop pastaim. Dispela bai savim moa diwai gen.

Larim ol pipia bilong diwai i stap long eria yu bin katim diwai log grisim graun gen.

Sapos yu usim chenso long katim diwai, yu noken larim ol pipia oil o petrol stap long bus o kapsaisim klostu long wara.

Sampela taim behain go bek long dispela eria na checkim ol pikinini diwai I kamap o nogat. Sapos no gat yu mas traim planim sampela moa gen.

planim 10 pela sidlings o liklik nupela diwai long senisim wanpela diwai yu katim

plenim sid na lukluk igo long taim bihain. Wokim na redim sidlings bilong ol gutpela diwai na planim long sampela hap eria bilong bus bilong yu. Kain ol diwai yu mas planim olsem; kwila, rosewud, limbum, ton na sampela moa we yu igat save long ol

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senisim wei bilong wokim gaden olsem crop rotation bai yu ino inap katim nupela bus olgeta taim yu laik wokim gaden

larim olpela diwai sanap long givim ol abus na pisin kaikai na sampela ples bilong hait. Tambu tru long katim lapun o olpela diwai.

Menesmen bilong wokim gaden Wari bilong gaden Igat plenti hevi bilong wok gaden tude. Sampela tok graun isot tasol ol wokim yet bikpela gaden. Ol arapela itok kaikai long gaden ino gro gut nau olsem bipo. Sampela igat hevi wantaim ol pik, pisin na binatang samting we isave bagarapim ol kaikai long gaden bilong ol. Igat kain kain hevi bilong wok gaden tude na inogat wanpela isi rot long stretim dispela hevi. Tasol gaden em i bikpela samting tru long sapotim laif bilong olgeta pipol long ples insait long Papua Niugini. Igat tu sampela rot bilong helpim yu long stretim sampela hevi bilong wok gaden we yu mas traim long usim. Hevi bilong environmen Nambawan problem long environmen em olsem bikpela bus i sot. Taim bikpela bus i pinis ol abus na ol gutpela samting i stap insait i pinis wantaim. Long tok Inglis ol kolim habitat loss. Dispela em i nambawan we ol wait man i save bagarapim ol environmen long ples bilong ol na nau ol abus i dai pinis olgeta. Menesmen bilong dispela hevi

Crop rotation long tok Inglis i min olsem usim wanpela hap eria tasol long graun bilong yu long wokim gaden. Tasol yu mas senisim kaikai taim yu planim na kamautim. Kain olsem sopos yu planim pinats o bins orait long taim yu kamautim pinis yu ken planim narapela kain kaikai olsem taro o pamkin long dispela seim ples. Dispela em namba wan wei bilong wokim gaden sopos yu nogat bikpela graun long bus long wokim gaden. Sopos yu lukautim kain enimol olsem rebit o kakaruk yu ken kisim pekpek na miksim wantaim graun bai givim gris long graun.

Menesmen Bilong Pis Hevi bilong pis Plenti pipol long Lumi itok pis i pinis olgeta long ol wara nau. Bipo igat plenti pis istap tasol nau nogat. Dispela nau em i wanpela hevi insait long Lumi eria. Plenti pipol nau i baim ol drai pis bilong bikpela Sepik wara. Dispela ino gutpela tumas. Lumi igat plenti kastom na kalsa i pas wantaim pis bilong wara, kain olsem dispela bikpela singsing Dewel Pis bilong bipo. Olsem wanem nau na ol pipol bilong Wape eria isot nau long pis long ol wara bilong ol. Hevi bilong environmen Pis em i wanpela gutpela abus long sapotim laif bilong narapela abus. Pis inap klinim wara taim em i kaikai ol pipia bilong diwai insait long wara. Taim ol pis i pinis, dispela ino inap helpim kamapim gutpela klinpela wara.

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Menesmen bilong dispela hevi

Namba wan we long menesim dispela hevi bilong pis isot long wara em tambu long painim ol pis na larim ol wara istap fri long sampela taim na givim taim long ol pis long kamap plenti gen. Sopos yu laik kaikai pis nau yu mas lukautim ol pis long pond o fam. Dispela em wanpela gutpela rot tru bilong helpim ol pis i gro gen long ol wara istap long bus bilong yu.

Narapela samting em yu mas lukautim gut ol wara na noken wok gaden o katim diwai klostu long wara. Larim 20 mita bus na diwai istap long arere long sait sait bilong olgeta wara. Dispela bai helpim ol wara stap klin na helti. Narapela samting tu, taim yu rausim ol diwai klostu long wara dispela bai mekim wara i hot (Rise in water temperature). Taim bilong bikpela san, em bai hatim wara na ol kiau bilong pis bai dai, na bai nogat pikinini pis. Na tu pipia bilong ol diwai olsem taim han bilong diwai i bruk na pudaun insait long wara, dispela pipia diwai i sapotim laif bilong ol pis na givim ol ples bilong hait na planim kiau.

Noken tru long putim marasin nogut insait long wara o graun klostu long wara. Kain marasin olsem; petrol, disel, kerosene, oil, sop na pauda, o marasin bilong wasim taunam. Oltaim yu mas wokim londri long wanpela wara tasol. Noken go long olgeta liklik wara nambaut. Taim long waswas wantaim sop, gutpela moa sopos yu kisim wara na sanap antap long graun na waswas. Ol graun bai rausim ol marasin bilong sop na ino inap bagarapim wara.

Taim yu redi long kisim pis gen long wara bilong yu orait bihainim ol dispela menesmen (sustainable harvesting) na yu bai lukim plenti pis istap na gro long bihain taim.

Usim wei bilong tumbuna long kisim pis long wara. Kain olsem; usim spia na bombom tasol.

Taim yu laik usim wei bilong wait man olsem; huk, glas, tromoi net o marasin, yu mas makim wanpela taim insait long wanpela yia tasol. Tambu tru long usim dispela kain wei olgeta taim long laik bilong yu. Pis bai pinis olgeta. Wankain olsem long usim ol posin rop na banisim wara.

Tambu long kisim pis insait long konseveisin eria. Olgeta taim yu mas kisim pis istap insait long ol wara istap autsait long konseveisin eria tasol.

Yu ken kisim pis insait long ol praivet pis pond na hul wara bilong yu olgeta taim long laik bilong yu tasol tambu tru long taim ol igat kiau.

Noken rausim ol diwai o arapela pipia bilong diwai long wara. Ol dispela pipia bilong diwai long wara bai givim ol pis ples bilong hait na karim kiau na pikinini.

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Menesmen bilong rokrok Hevi bilong rokrok Plenti pipol nau ino klia gut long hamas rokrok istap long bus na i hat long save gut long populeisin bilong rokrok long Lumi eria. Sampela kain rokrok ol pipol itok plenti istap. Sampela pipol itok ol rokrok i klostu pinis na sampela itok sampela kain rokrok idai pinis

olgeta o wan wan tasol istap. Dispela i soim stret olsem namba bilong ol rokrok i wok long go daun olgeta na em i bikpela wari tru. Imas igat plenti risets wok long painim aut gut namba bilong rokrok long Lumi eria bai yumi ken lukluk gut long menesim populeisin bilong rokrok. Long wol olgeta igat nau bikpela hevi bilong namba bilong ol rokrok igo daun. Plenti saientis i wok resis nau long traim save gut moa long dispela hevi bilong ol rokrok long wol. Ol i painim aut pinis olsem igat wanpela sik (skin fungus) bilong rokrok insait long sampela hap bilong graun we sampela rokrok isave stap insait long wara nogut (polluted water) na dispela i kilim ol idai. Sampela igat ol abus nogut (introduced predators) olsem

pusi na bikpela rokrok bilong suga kein fil (cane toads) isave kaikaim ol. Tasol plenti ples olsem insait long renfores inogat wanpela gutpela risen long namba bilong rokrok igo daun. Plenti wok manmeri bilong saiens ino klia gut yet. Sampela iting dispela kamap bihainim senis i wok long kamap long klaimet. Hevi bilong environmen Long ol stadi bilong wanpela hap bilong saiens ol kolim environmental chemistry ol isave tok olsem rokrok em i wanpela indicator species. Dispela i min olsem sopos igat plenti rokrok istap long wara dispela bai helpim yu long save gut long kwaliti bilong wara. Taim igat plenti rokrok long wara dispela i soim olsem wara kwaliti em i gutpela. Rokrok igat spesol skin we em save kisim win kam insait long skin wantaim maus bilong em. Nau sopos wara ino gutpela ol rokrok bai idai. Na tu rokrok isave sapotim laif bilong plenti arapela abus olsem; snek, pis, palai, pisin na rat. Ol dispela arapela abus save kaikaim rokrok long stap laif. Ol pikinini bilong rokrok (tadpoles) isave helpim long klinim wara. Ol tadpoles i gutpela tru long rausim ol pipia nogut insait long wara. Sopos ol rokrok idai pinis em bai bagarapim ol dispela sistem bilong environmen, moa long kwaliti bilong wara. Rokrok tu isave helpim long kaikaim ol binatang na kontrolim populeisin bilong binatang. Insait long wanpela nait wanpela rokrok save kaikaim plenti binatang tru. Dispela em i bikpela samting tru long sapotim food web. Sopos inogat plenti rokrok bai igat plenti moa binatang istap. Taim igat plenti binatang, ol iken bagarapim tru kaikai long gaden, ol kes krop olsem kakao na kopi, na ol sampela gutpela diwai long bus tu. Menesmen bilong dispela hevi

Bipo long kamapim menesmen plen bilong rokrok, yu mas save wanem kain rokrok istap na wanem kain ino moa istap o klostu i pinis. Yu ken wokim wanpela wok painim aut olsem kolim nem bilong ol rokrok na harim long ol manmeri bilong ples long tokim yu sopos dispela kain rokrok istap plenti, ino plenti istap, o ino moa istap. Gutpela yu toktok wantaim ol lapun o bikpela manmeri long ples bikos ol bai tingting long taim ol liklik o yangpela manmeri yet na bai ol luksave gut long dispela senis bilong namba. Dispela em gutpela wei tru long painim aut na em bai givim yu gutpela piksa bilong wanem samting i kamap long namba bilong ol rokrok long dispela taim nau.

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Taim yu painim aut namba bilong ol rokrok em nau yu mas stat long lukautim environmen bilong rokrok kain olsem ol bus na raun wara samting. Noken katim ol bus o diwai klostu long wara o waswas long wara wantaim ol sop na wokim londri samting. Orait narapela em lukautim ol rokrok taim ol kalap na marit. Yu ken putim tu sampela tambu long go bombom na painim ol rokrok kain olsem Elfambu we namba igo daun tru nau.

Sindaun na laif bilong rokrok bai igo olsem:

Long stat bilong karim pikinini, wanpela rokrok man bai singaut na painim meri. Taim meri ikam klostu tupela bai marit na rokrok man bai holim meri inap em karim kiau. Dispela isave kisim samting olsem wanpela de olgeta na long dispela taim yu noken distebim o kilim tupela. Taim meri pinis wantaim man ol kiau bai go insait long wara sopos tupela marit long wara. Sopos tupela marit antap long diwai bai tupela putim kiau long lip bilong diwai. Long taim bilong marit larim tupela i marit na kamapim moa populeisin pastaim na bihain orait yu ken painim na kilim taim namba bilong rokrok igo antap. Long Ostrelia igat wanpela kain rokrok igat bilum na plenti saientis igat bikpela laik long save moa long laif na sindaun bilong dispela rokrok.

Taim kiau bilong rokrok i redi, ol liklik pikinini (tadpole) bai kamaut long kiau. Olgeta tadpole imas stap insait long wara o dringim wara long lip sopos ol istap antap long lip bilong diwai. Taim ol tadpoles i gro ol bai groim tupela leg long baksait na bihain tupela han long fran na teil bai kamaut. Taim ol lusim teil em nau rokrok tru i kamap nau. Ol rokrok bai lusim wara na kamaut. Ol rokrok bai ino moa dringim wara tasol bai redi long kaikaim ol binatang samting.

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Cane Toad (rokrok bilong suga kein fil) em wanpela rokrok nogut bin kam insait long PNG na em i bikpela tru na skin bilong em igat posin na i strongpela moa long ol arapela rokrok. Dispela rokrok isave kaikaim ol tadpoles na em i wanpela bikpela hevi bilong namba bilong rokrok igo daun. Yumi mas traim long pinisim dispela cane toad olgeta. Em ino gutpela rokrok na imas pinis olgeta.

Menesmen bilong binatang Hevi bilong binatang Long PNG binatang ino save kamapim bikpela hevi o inogat bikpela hevi bilong binatang. Tasol sampela kain binatang igat spesol sindaun bilong em we sopos pipol ino tingting long em, namba bilong em bai stat long go daun. Namba wan binatang we iken bagarap kwik em ol bataflai. Bataflai save nidim spesol diwai bilong ol long stap na karim nupela pikinini na sopos dispela kain diwai ino stap, dispela binatang tu bai ino inap istap. Hevi bilong environmen Plenti binatang igat gutpela wokbung (symbiotic relationship) wantaim ol bus na diwai (plants) na sopos wanpela kain binatang olsem hani bee i pinis (extinct), sampela kain flawa olsem okid tu bai pinis. Dispela em long wanem ol hani bee isave wokim wok bilong man na meri flawa long marit (pollination). Narapela samting tu em ol binatang i keystone species. Em i min olsem ol binatang isave sapotim laif bilong ol narapela abus na diwai. Sopos binatang i pinis yu bai lukim plenti arapela diwai o abus tu bai pinis. Menesmen bilong dispela hevi

Namba wan wei long lukautim ol binatang em long wokim dispela konseveisin eria. Ol binatang ino inap nidim bikpela hap graun olsem ol kapul o pisin. Ol nidim liklik eria tasol. Olsem na sopos yu larim sampela hap graun istap olsem konseveisin eria o ples tambu, dispela inap sevim ol kain kain diwai, rop, okid o flawa nambaut we ol binatang iken stap wantaim.

Wanpela bikpela bagarap bai kamap long ol binatang em taim bilong usim ol marasin nogut bilong waitman (insecticide & pesticide). Plenti pipol isave usim ol dispela kain marasin long ol gaden na plentesin bilong ol long kilim idai ol binatang. Tasol insait long PNG dispela samting ino bikpela hevi tumas. Igat wanpela gutpela wei long rausim ol binatang nogut long gaden bilong yu em long planim sampela kaikai o plants olsem lombo o brus namel long ol kaikai. Lombo na brus isave pait tumas long maus bilong ol binatang na ol bai hariap tru long lusim gaden bilong yu. Long dispela wei yu ino inap kamapim bagarap long environmen bilong yu.

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Menesmen bilong pisin Hevi bilong pisin Plenti kain kain pisin istap yet long Papua Niugini. Samting olsem 85 pesen bilong ol pisin long wol istap long PNG tasol na inogat long narapela kantri. Long dispela risen yu mas amamas long dispela na lukautim ol gut. Sopos sampela kain pisin idai pinis olgeta long PNG, em i min olsem inogat tu long arapela hap bilong wol long senisim. Long ples Wilbeite long hap bilong Fatima ol pipol itok olsem Guria pisin i klostu pinis olgeta. Sampela ples tu itok ol ino lukim moa ol wel faul na bilakpela koki. Dispela i kamap bikos man isave kilim na kaikai. Taim ol usim masket ol isave pinisim olgeta Guria pisin. Taim bilong kisim kiau bilong wel faul, ol ino save larim sampela istap long kamapim nupela pikinini gen. Dispela nau i daunim namba bilong wel faul.

Hevi bilong environmen Plenti kain kain pisin igat wok bilong ol long environmen. Wankain olsem ol binatang, ol pisin tu save helpim ol diwai na flawa long marit (pollination). Sampela ol pisin tu isave helpim long kamapim nupela diwai frut olsem ton na kapiak taim ol kaikaim na kisim sid igo tromoi long sampela nupela hap graun. Insait long renfores inogat bikpela win olsem na ol abus na pisin imas karim ol sids igo raun na tromoi nambaut. Taim yu kilim pisin yu bagarapim dispela gutpela sistem bilong gutpela wok helpim bilong ol. Pisin em i kaikai bilong arapela abus tu olsem; snek, palai na bikpela pisin tarangau. Na plenti pisin isave kaikaim ol binatang tu. Em olsem ol pisin igat bikpela wok insait long food web. Yu ken lukim olsem taim yu rausim sampela samting klia long bus yu bagarapim tru dispela food web. Menesmen bilong dispela hevi

Namba wan wei long lukautim ol pisin em long wokim kakaruk projek so yu nogat nid long kilim ol pisin long bus na kaikai mit. Yu mas luksave long trupela nid long kilim pisin long bus. Yu laikim mit, skin gras bilong em, o yu laik banisim laif na lukautim. Bihain long dispela yu ken lukluk moa long menesmen bilong em. Igat plenti wei long menesim ol pisin.

Namba wan yu mas lukluk long wanem kain pisin isot. Wokim wanpela wok painim aut kain olsem bilong rokrok na luksave long wanem kain pisin isot na putim tambu long kilim ol dispela kain pisin, kisim kiau o pikinini bilong em. Na noken distebim graun o haus bilong em. Bihain long dispela yu ken wokim sustainable harvesting menesmen long ol arapela kain pisin we namba bilong ol i orait. Kain olsem dispela lo bilong lukautim ol wel faul.

Taim bilong kisim kiau bilong pisin yu mas larim sampela istap na noken distebim haus bilong kiau.

Noken wokim gaden klostu long graun bilong wel faul. Gaden imas stap 20 mita longwe long graun bilong wel faul.

Tambu long katim diwai klostu long graun bilong welfaul. Katim diwai olsem 50 mita longwe.

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Tambu long kilim mama na papa wel faul.

Taim yu kisim pikinini muruk yu mas lukautim long ples na larim sampela pikinini istap long bus.

Tambu long kisim kiau bilong muruk sapos namba bilong muruk isot.

Taim yu laik kilim muruk imas long sampela spesol taim tasol. Noken kilim muruk long olgeta taim.

Tambu tru long kilim ol kain pisin olsem; Guria, Kumul, Muruk na wel faul o narapela kain pisin yu wari long em.

Tambu tru long wokim haus bilong kilim pisin.

Toksave: Nesinel Gavman igat lo bilong banisim ol man long kilim kumul. TAMBU TRU.

Menesmen bilong abus Hevi bilong abus Insait long dispela hap rait, abus bai karamapim olgeta samting igat gras na susu oslem; ol kapul, bilak bokis, sikau, mumut, rat, na Tri kengeru . Bikpela hevi tru bilong Lumi na Wape eria olgeta em abus isot. Dispela hevi i kamap bikos plenti manmeri i kamap na olgeta laikim long kaikai olsem na ol kilim ol na namba bilong abus igo daun. Sampela kastom na kalsa i senis tu na dispela i helpim yu long kilim moa abus na pinisim. Bikpela wari long dispela em olsem plenti kain kain abus insait long Papua Niugini i spesol. Em i samting bilong PNG stret na inogat long arapela kantri. Olsem na sopos yu pinisim olgeta hia long PNG long wol tu bai pinis. Na tu plenti abus ino save karim plenti pikinini, wanpela o tupela tasol insait long wanpela yia we ino inap givim kaikai long maus bilong bikpela namba bilong man, meri na pikinini insait long ples. Hevi bilong environmen Taim ol dispela abus i pinis bikpela bagarap bai kamap long food web. Plenti liklik kapul na mumut igat wok bilong ol long helpim ol plants marit (pollination). Plenti arapela abus long PNG ol saientis ino save gut yet long wok bilong ol. Em i tru sampela kain abus iken dai pinis na ino inap bagarapim o kamapim wanpela hevi long environmen. Tasol ino gutpela pasin bilong yumi ol manmeri long kilim na bagarapim olgeta kain abus. Ol tu igat rait long stap laif.

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Menesmen bilong dispela hevi

Namba wan wei long lukautim ol abus long bus em long wokim rebit projek o arapela abus long ples so yu nogat nid long kilim wel abus. Tasol namba wan samting em yu mas luksave long wanem nid yu gat long ol abus. Yu laikim long kaikai tasol o yu laikim gras bilong em o yu laikim long salim o yu laik raun long bus na kilim nating tasol. Bihain long dispela yu ken lukluk moa long menesmen bilong em. Igat plenti wei long menesim ol abus.

Namba wan yu mas lukluk long wanem kain abus isot. Wokim wanpela wok painim aut kain olsem dispela bilong rokrok na pisin. Luksave long wanem abus isot nau orait yu ken putim tambu long kilim ol dispela kain abus. Bihain long dispela yu ken wokim sustainable harvesting menesmen long ol arapela kain abus we namba bilong ol i orait wantaim ol dispela tingting:

taim yu laik was yu mas bihainim tumbuna wei olsem; usim banara na spia, o bombom. Tambu tru long usim string trap o samting bilong waitman olsem masket long kilim abus

yu mas was long abus autsait long konseveisin eria tasol na ino insait long konseveisin eria o arapela tambu ples olsem ples masalai

larim spesol abus olsem; Tenkile, Youngi, Weimang (Oumak) istap na noken kilim ol

makim taim we ol man iken go raun long bus na painim abus. Kain olsem wanpela taim insait long wanpela yia o long spesol taim tasol

tambu tru long kilim mama wantaim pikinini sopos yu lukim pikinini istap long baksait o insait long bilum bilong mama

lukautim ol haus o diwai bilong abus. Kain olsem noken katim olpela o lapun diwai

sopos dok i kilim sampela wel abus o abus bilong ples olsem kakaruk, pato, rebit,o pik samting, yu mas kilim dispela dok na papa bilong dispela dok mas baim dispela abus dok i kilim

tambu tru long was insait long graun bilong narapela klen o ples. Yu mas rispektim ol pilo mak (boundaries) bilong wan wan klen o ples

sopos yu lukautim pusi, noken larim em raun long bus long nait. Na noken larim pusi i kamap wel long bus. Sopos yu bungim wanpela wel pusi long bus yu mas kilim em

kilim ol abus nogut olsem rat bilong haus, pik, dok o pusi, nogat tambu long dispela.

Tingim! Environmen bilong yu em i olsem wanpela bikpela stoa na ol natural risoses insait em olsem ol kaikai insait long stoa. Olgeta manmeri na konseveisin eria komiti i olsem stoa kipa na yu bai was na menesim gut olgeta samting insait long stoa. Yu mas kauntim hamas samting istap na lukim wanem samting isot long em na kisim nupela long senisim. Wok bilong konseveisin em i wankain. Yu mas plenim na menesim olgeta samting yu nidim so yu ino inap sot long wanpela samting bihain o bagarapim natural risoses ‘bisnis’ bilong yu.

Em laik bilong yu nau. “Bad things happen when good people do nothing.”

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REFERENCES AND CONTACTS

BOOKS “Birds of New Guinea and the Bismark Archipelago” (2001) Brian Coates and William Peckover.

“Birds of New Guinea” (1986) Bruce Beehler, Thane Pratt, Dale Zimerman.

“How Nature Works Teachers Manual” (1995) - HELP Habitat Ecology and Learning Program. Wildlife Conservation Society.

“Mammals of New Guinea” (1995) - Tim Flannery

“Rain Forests Teachers Manual” (1995) – HELP Habitat Ecology and Learning Program. Wildlife Conservation Society.

“Small-scale Sawmilling Information Pack 2nd Edition” (2002) – The Papua New Guinea Eco-forestry Forum

“Training and Reference Manual Books 1-8” - Village Development Trust

“Tree Kangaroos – a curious natural history”. (1996) Tim Flannery, Roger Martin, Alexandra Szalay.

“Zoos Victoria Discovery and Learning Resources Volume 2 CD-Rom”. Zoos Victoria.

WEBSITES www.cbtf.org.pg

www.ecoforestry.org.pg

www.iucnredlist.com

www.masalai-i-tokaut.com

www.zoo.org.au

CONSERVATION GROUPS IN PNG Alotau Environment PO Box 522 Alotau Awareness Community Theater (ACT) PO Box 4774 Boroko, NCD An FSP program that supports theater groups throughout PNG involved in Presentting health and development issues through popular theater. Bismark Ramu Group PO Box 305 Madang Catholic Commission for Justice, Peace and Development (CCJPD) PO Box 6576 Boroko, NCD Offering courses in integral human development, providing support for rural income-generating projects, addressing disaster relief issues.

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Center for Environmental Law and Community Rights PO Box 4373 Boroko Christians for Environmental Stewardship PO Box 901 Madang Conservation Forum PO Box 720 Goroka Conservation International http://www.conservation.org/xp/CIWEB/ Conservation Melanesia PO Box 3217 Boroko, NCD PNG Ph: (675) 323 – 9050 Fax: (675) 323 – 4610 Email: teff@global.net.pg www.ecoforestry.org.pg East Sepik Council of Women (ESCOW) PO Box 75 Wewak, ESP Women’s issues, awareness building and promoting alternatives to large scale logging East Sepik Local Environment Foundation PO Box 1225, Wewak Environmental Law Centre PO Box 49 University, NCD Ph: (675) 323 - 4480 Fax: (675) 323 - 4483 Forestry conservation news www.masalai-i-tokaut.com Foundation for the peoples of the South Pacific (FSP) PO Box 1119 Boroko, NCD Offers funding and support to NGO’s working for rural development and environmental protection. Friends of the Earth (FOE PNG) PO Box 4082 Boroko, NCD Membership organization committed to raising awareness of environmental issues. Publishes a newsletter.

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Grassroots opportunities for work (GROW) Po Box 297 Madang Training programs and projects in sustainable agriculture, land use planning and rural business development Habitat for humanity PO Box 3998 Lae, Morobe Province Assisting rural communities to build durable housing, protecting forests and doing God’s work Ideas Center PO Box 59 Daru, Western Province Creating awareness among people about development projects and preparing them to make sound judgments about the benefits and drawbacks of development. Indigenous environment watch PO Box 7149 Boroko, NCD A group which uses popular theater to raise environmental issues. Individual and community rights Advocacy Forum (ICRAF) PO Box 49 University, NCD Offers legal advice an assistance to individuals, landowner groups and communities, regarding negotiations, contracts and human rights. Melanesian Environment Foundation (MEF) PO Box 4830 Boroko, NCD Distributes information on environmental issues, land rights, and monitors government and industry. Melanesian Solidarity (Mel Sol) PO Box 71 University, NCD A group interested in building alliances with others working on sustainable development. They focus their work at the community level. New Guinea Binatang Research Center PO Box 604 Madang Ph: (675) 852 – 1587 Fax: (675) 852 – 1587 Email: binatangi@datec.net.pg PNG Eco-forestry Forum PO Box 3217 Boroko, NCD PNG Forest Research Institute PO Box 314 Lae, Morobe Ph: (675) 472 – 5805

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Fax: (675) 472 – 4357 Email: fripngfa@fripngfa.gov.au Researching the complex forests of PNG, maintaining a comprehensive library on tropical forestry. Research and Conservation Foundation RCF PO Box 1261 Goroka, EHP PNG Ph: (675) 732 – 3211 Fax: (675) 732 – 1123 Email: rcf.rcf@global.net.pg Valantu women’s Association (Sandaun) Free Mail Bag Vanimo, SP Wau Ecology Institute PO Box 77 Wau Conducts research, produces and distributes information on environmental issues, holds workshops to raise awareness among landowners and communities. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) PO Box 277 Goroka Ph: (675) 732 – 3836 Fax: (675) 732 – 3837 Email: wcs@global.net.pg World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) Private Mail Bag Madang Email: wwf@wwfpacific.org.pg WWF – Kikori Integrated Conservation and Development Program Po Box 8280 Boroko Email: wwf@wwfpacific.org.pg