Knowing and Understanding Your Credit

8/3/2019 Knowing and Understanding Your Credit

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/knowing-and-understanding-your-credit 1/31

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leocw {ew~ c` ~mb Elbwahef nwbel& ^mb @effab Leb

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mepb ~c `ciicz ~c wbehm ~me~ nwbel& Dfczafj efn rfnbwx~efn,

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{wchbxx c` grqafj e mclb hef gb hcf`rxafj) xc ef al{cw~ef~

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~max af`cwle~acf zaii mbi{ qcr jb~ x~ew~bn cf ~mb {e~m ~c

mclbczfbwxma{&

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lbef hwbe~afj e fcf~wena~acfei hwbna~ max~cwq a` qcr mepb fbpbw

gcwwczbn gb`cwb& Efc~mbw x~b{ ax ~c dbb{ qcrw jccn hwbna~ cfhb

qcr mepb a~& ^mbxb x~b{x hef ~edb ~alb efn nb~bwlafe~acf) gr~

~mbq hef gb ncfb& ^max jranb zaii xmcz qcr mcz&

^mb jranb b}{ieafx zme~ hwbna~ ax efn zmq mepafj jccn hwbna~

ax xc al{cw~ef~) bx{bhaeiiq zmbf qcr zef~ ~c grq e mclb& ^mb

jranb eixc {wcpanbx rxb`ri af`cwle~acf egcr~?

‧ Hwbna~ wb{cw~x efn hwbna~ xhcwafj

‧ Al{wcpafj qcrw hwbna~

‧ Hwbe~afj e fcf~wena~acfei hwbna~ max~cwq

‧ Rxafj e grnjb~) hmbhdafj ehhcrf~) efn xepafjx ehhcrf~ ~c

~edb hcf~wci c` qcrw hwbna~

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nwbel c` mclbczfbwxma{&

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xclbcfb bixb‑x lcfbq ~c {eq `cw ~mafjx& A~ eixc lbefx qcr ewb

ledafj e {wclaxb ~c wb{eq ~mb lcfbq -~mb icef! ~c ~mb {bwxcf cw

hcl{efq ~me~ icefbn qcr ~mb lcfbq -~mb hwbna~cw cw ibfnbw!&

E icef rxreiiq afhirnbx gc~m {wafha{ei -~mb elcrf~ c` lcfbq

qcr gcwwczbn! efn af~bwbx~ -~mb enna~acfei nciiewx qcr {eq

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mcz qcr lrx~ wb{eq a~&

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~alb efn qcr wb{eq qcrw nbg~x ex {wclaxbn& Jccn hwbna~ ax

al{cw~ef~ gbherxb a~ ledbx a~ lcwb iadbiq ~me~ qcr hef jb~ e

fbz icef af ~mb `r~rwb zmbf qcr zef~ ~c ledb e leocw

{rwhmexb) xrhm ex e hew cw e mclb& Zmbf qcr mepb e jccn hwbna~

wbhcwn) ibfnbwx `bbi lcwb hcfànbf~ ~me~ qcr zaii gb zaiiafj efn

egib ~c {eq gehd ~mb fbz icef&

A~‑x ~wrb ~me~ qcr fbbn jccn hwbna~ ~c grq e mclb) gr~ qcr ncf‑~

fbbn {bw`bh~ hwbna~& A` qcr ncf‑~ mepb jccn hwbna~ wajm~ fcz) ncf‑~

jb~ naxhcrwejbn& Qcr hef rxb ~mb anbex af ~max jranb ~c x~ew~

al{wcpafj qcrw hwbna~&

A~ leq ~edb xclb ~alb) gr~ qcr zaii gb èw gb~~bw c`` a` qcr

al{wcpb qcrw hwbna~ gb`cwb qcr e{{iq `cw e mclb lcw~jejb icef

cw c~mbw iewjb {rwhmexb& ^max ax al{cw~ef~ gbherxb a` qcr mepb e

8

5

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mega~ c` fc~ {eqafj qcrw gaiix cf ~alb) cw mepb e ic~ c` nbg~) qcr

leq fc~ ureia`q `cw e lcw~jejb icef& Cw ~mb ibfnbw leq japb

qcr e icef) gr~ za~m e iewjbw nczf {eqlbf~ wburawblbf~ cw e~ emajmbw we~b c` af~bwbx~& A` qcr {eq e majmbw we~b) qcr hcrin bfn

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lcw~jejb e~ : {bwhbf~ af~bwbx~ zaii mepb e

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hcl{ewbn za~m e lcf~miq {eqlbf~ c` .0>>

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icef ~mef qcr zcrin `cw ~mb : {bwhbf~ icef&

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efq hwbna~ {wcgiblx qcr mepb gb`cwb qcr

x~ew~ iccdafj `cw e mclb xc qcr hef e{{iq

`cw ~mb gbx~ af~bwbx~ we~b {cxxagib&

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hclbx `wcl hcl{efabx qcr nc grxafbxx za~m&

8& [rgiah wbhcwn af`cwle~acf? gefdwr{~hq wbhcwnx)

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hmain xr{{cw~& ^max af`cwle~acf hclbx `wcl {rgiah wbhcwnx&

Xbb ef b}el{ib gbicz&

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hwbna~ wb{cw~ efn mcz c`~bf qcr mepb e{{iabn `cw hwbna~ af ~mb

{ex~ ~zc qbewx& Zmbf qcr cwnbw e hwbna~ wb{cw~) qcr leq

eixc xbb ~mb felbx c` hcl{efabx ~me~ mepb wbpabzbn qcrw

wb{cw~ `cw ’{wb,e{{wcpbn“ hwbna~ c``bwx& Mczbpbw) ~mbxb felbx

0

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lbb~afj àfefhaei cgiaje~acfx&

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e{{iqafj `cw e fbz hwbna~ hewn) `cw b}el{ib!&

Hwbna~cwx wbiq cf ~max af`cwle~acf egcr~ mcz qcr‑pb mefnibn qcrw

icefx af ~mb {ex~ ~c nbhanb mcz iadbiq qcr ewb ~c wb{eq e fbz icef&

Zmbf qcr e{{iq `cw hwbna~ cw e icef) qcr japb ~mb hwbna~cw {bwlax,

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Mcz ~c cwnbw e hwbna~ wb{cw~ &

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cfb efn wbpabz a~ hewb`riiq& A~‑x e jccn anbe ~c cwnbw qcrw hwbna~

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wb{cw~) mepb wbenq qcrw Xchaei Xbhrwa~q frlgbw) ne~b c` gaw~m)

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ennwbxxbx `cw ~mb {ex~ àpb

qbewx) efn leanbf felb)

a` e{{iahegib&

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wburawbx hwbna~,wb{cw~afj

ejbfhabx ~c {wcpanb qcr

za~m cfb cw ~zc `wbb wb{cw~x

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zzz&buraè}&hcl

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zzz&~wefxrfacf&hcl

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bpbwq qbew& Hwbna~ wb{cw~x ewb eixc `wbb e`~bw qcr mepb gbbf

~rwfbn nczf `cw hwbna~& Mczbpbw) qcr lrx~ exd ~mb ejbfhq ~me~

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^mb af`cwle~acf cf qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~ leq pewq `wcl cfb hwbna~,

wb{cw~afj ejbfhq ~c efc~mbw& ^max ax gbherxb fc~ eii hwbna~cwx

wb{cw~ ~mbaw af`cwle~acf ~c bpbwq hwbna~,wb{cw~afj ejbfhq& @cw

~max wbexcf) qcr leq zef~ ~c cwnbw e wb{cw~ `wcl behm c` ~mb ~mwbb

hwbna~,wb{cw~afj ejbfhabx iax~bn cf ~mb {wbpacrx {ejb&

Mcz ~c rfnbwx~efn qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~ &

Xbpbwei ~q{bx c` cwjefae~acfx ewb epeaiegib ~c mbi{ qcr

rfnbwx~efn qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~ e~ ia~~ib cw fc hmewjb& @cw

b}el{ib) qcr hef exd `cw mbi{ `wcl ~mb hwbna~,wb{cw~afj

ejbfhq ~me~ xbf~ qcr ~mb wb{cw~) cw qcr hef paxa~ e fcf{wcà~

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~efhb ejbfhabx af qcrw ha~q cw hcrf~q&

^mb b}el{ib cf {ejb 1 xmczx mcz e hwbna~ wb{cw~ lajm~

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xelb ehhcrf~&

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xrwb& A` ~mbwb ewb bwwcwx cw cr~ne~bn af`cwle~acf cf qcrw hwbn,

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^mb jccn fbzx ax ~me~ qcr mepb ~mb wajm~ ~c mepb ~mb lax~edbx

hcwwbh~bn e~ fc hmewjb ~c qcr& Mbwb‑x mcz?

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bwwcwx& @ciicz ~mb afx~wrh~acfx ~me~ qcr jb~ za~m ~mb hwbna~

wb{cw~ ~c ~bii ~mb hwbna~,wb{cw~afj ejbfhq egcr~ ~mb lax~edb&

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zaii ~edb hewb c` ~mb {wcgibl&

1

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@CRFN CF EII HWBNA^ WB[CW^X

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XXF? 578,>2,0:=1

X{crxb‑x Felb? Wcgbw~ W

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EGH) Afh >20 Xbhcfn Nwapb) Efq~czf) Efqx~e~b 578>2

XEL[IB IAXÂFJ C@ EHHCRF^X CF HWBNA^ @AIB ’E“

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XEL[IB IAXÂFJ C@ EHHCRF^X CF HWBNA^ @AIB ’H“

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8& A` enna~acfei af`cwle~acf ax fbbnbn ~c hcwwbh~ ~mb bwwcw) ~mb

hwbna~,wb{cw~afj ejbfhq zaii ~bii qcr zme~ ~c xbfn& @cw b}el,

{ib) ~mb ejbfhq leq exd `cw hc{abx c` hefhbibn hmbhdx cw c~mbw{eqlbf~ af`cwle~acf& A` qcr mepb db{~ jccn wbhcwnx c` ~max

af`cwle~acf) a~ zaii gb lrhm bexabw ~c xmcz zmbwb e lax~edb

chhrwwbn&

>& Qcr leq eixc zaxm ~c b}{ieaf ~mb {wcgibl af e gwab` ib~~bw&

^mb hwbna~,wb{cw~afj ejbfhq lrx~ afpbx~aje~b qcrw hcl{ieaf~

za~maf 8; neqx efn jb~ gehd ~c qcr za~m a~x wbxri~x& Ex {ew~ c`

a~x afpbx~aje~acf) ~mb ejbfhq zaii hmbhd za~m ~mb hwbna~cw

zmcxb af`cwle~acf qcr ewb urbx~acfafj& A` ~mb ejbfhq àfnx

~me~ ~mb af`cwle~acf af ~mb hwbna~ wb{cw~ ax afehhrwe~b) ~mb

hwbna~cw lrx~ fc~a`q ~mb c~mbw leocw hwbna~,wb{cw~afj ejbfhabx

c` ~mb bwwcw xc ~mbq hef hcwwbh~ ~mbaw af`cwle~acf&

A` ~mb hwbna~,wb{cw~afj ejbfhq ncbx fc~ àfn ef bwwcw) gr~ qcr

x~aii gbiabpb qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~ ax afehhrwe~b) qcr hef hcf~eh~ ~mbhwbna~cw nawbh~iq ~c ~wq ~c x~weajm~bf cr~ ~mb {wcgibl& Zmbf qcr

wbxcipb ~mb nax{r~b) exd ~mb hwbna~cw ~c xbfn e hcwwbh~acf ~c ~mb

hwbna~,wb{cw~afj ejbfhq&

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hwbna~ wb{cw~ a` ~mb axxrb wbleafx rfwbxcipbn& Qcr leq zwa~b r{ ~c

5;; zcwnx ~c b}{ieaf ~mb xa~re~acf& ^mb x~e~blbf~ zaii e{{bew cf

qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~& @cw b}el{ib) a` qcr nan fc~ {eq e hew wb{eaw gaii

gbherxb ~mb lbhmefah nan fc~ à} ~mb {wcgibl) ~mb rf{ean gaii leq

xmcz r{ cf qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~„gr~ xc zaii qcrw b}{iefe~acf&

5;

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Hwbna~ wb{cw~x efn hwbna~ xhcwbx &

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hwbna~& Cfb zeq hwbna~cwx nc ~max ax gq rxafj e hcl{r~bw

lcnbi ~c efeiqb qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~ efn japb a~ e hwbna~ xhcwb&

‧ Zme~ ax e hwbna~ xhcwb3 E hwbna~ xhcwb ax rxbn ~c

{wbnah~ mcz iadbiq ef afnapanrei ax ~c wb{eq e fbz icef

gexbn cf b}{bwabfhb za~m laiiacfx c` hcfxrlbwx& ^mbwb

ewb lefq na``bwbf~ hcl{r~bw lcnbix ~me~ hefheihrie~b e hwbna~ xhcwb& Af jbfbwei) mczbpbw) ~mb

hcl{r~bw lcnbi exxajfx {caf~x ~c af`cwle~acf af e

hwbna~ wb{cw~& @cw b}el{ib) ledafj {eqlbf~x cf ~alb

bpbwq lcf~m ax {cxa~apb `cw ~mb xhcwb& Hmewjafj ~mb

le}alrl elcrf~ epeaiegib cf e hwbna~ hewn ax fbje~apb& ^mb

hcl{r~bw ennx ~mb {cxa~apb efn fbje~apb {caf~x) efn ~mb wbxri~,

afj frlgbw ax e hwbna~ xhcwb&

‧ Zme~ ax e ’jccn“ hwbna~ xhcwb3 ^me~ nb{bfnx cf ~mb hwbna~,

xhcwafj lcnbi efn ~mb ibfnbw& @cw b}el{ib) cfb hcl{r~bw

lcnbi wefjbx xhcwbx `wcl 8;; ~c 1;;4 ~mb majmbw ~mb frlgbw)

~mb gb~~bw& Af enna~acf) behm hwbna~cw nbhanbx zme~ hwbna~

xhcwb wefjb a~ hcfxanbwx ~c gb e jccn waxd cw e {ccw waxd& @cw

~max wbexcf) ~mb hwbna~cw ax ~mb gbx~ xcrwhb ~c b}{ieaf zme~

qcrw hwbna~ xhcwb lbefx af wbie~acf ~c ~mb àfei hwbna~ nbhaxacf&

‧ Zmq ewb hwbna~ xhcwbx rxbn3 Hwbna~cwx) afhirnafj lcw~jejb

ibfnbwx) rxb hwbna~ xhcwafj gbherxb a~ ax e èx~) cgobh~apb zeq ~c

bpeire~b e hwbna~ wb{cw~& Hwbna~ xhcwafj eixc {wc~bh~x qcr& ^max

55

Paxa~ zzz&@wclWbf~bw7Czfbw&hcl `cw e wbb hcfxri~e~acf% Zb zaii jranb qcrw mclb grqafj {wchb



ax gbherxb qcrw ejb) mbei~m) wehb) wbiajacf) jbfnbw) fe~acfei

cwajaf) lewa~ei x~e~rx) afhclb) efn bl{icqlbf~ ewb fc~ hcf,

xanbwbn af nb~bwlafafj qcrw hwbna~ xhcwb&

‧ Mcz hef A al{wcpb lq hwbna~ xhcwb3 A` e hwbna~cw mex

~cin qcr ~me~ qcr mepb e {ccw hwbna~ xhcwb efn mex ~rwfbn qcr

nczf `cw hwbna~ gbherxb c` qcrw xhcwb) ~mbwb ewb x~b{x qcr hef

~edb& @awx~) qcr mepb ~mb wajm~ ~c wburbx~ e zwa~~bf b}{iefe,

~acf `wcl ~mb ibfnbw ~me~ ~rwfbn qcr nczf& ^mb ib~~bw lrx~

b}{ieaf ~mb wbexcfx `cw ~mb hwbna~ nbfaei& ^mbf qcr hef ledb

e {ief ~c gbjaf ~c ennwbxx ~mbxb axxrbx& Ex qcr al{wcpb qcrw

hwbna~ cpbw ~alb) qcrw hwbna~ xhcwb zaii eixc al{wcpb& Ie~bw

xbh~acfx c` ~max jranb xrjjbx~ zeqx ~c al{wcpb qcrw hwbna~&

Eixc) wblblgbw ~me~ ~mb ibfnbw) fc~ e hwbna~ xhcwb) ledbx ~mb

àfei nbhaxacf ~c e{{wcpb e lcw~jejb icef e{{iahe~acf& E hwbna~

xhcwb ax xal{iq e ~cci rxbn gq ~mb ibfnbw& ^mb ibfnbw leq ~edb

af~c hcfxanbwe~acf efq x{bhaei wbexcfx `cw qcrw {ex~ hwbna~ {wcg,iblx& Af enna~acf) ~mb ibfnbw zaii iccd e~ lcwb ~mef orx~ qcrw

hwbna~ xhcwb„xrhm ex qcrw bura~q afpbx~lbf~ af ~mb mclb) ocg

max~cwq) afhclb) xepafjx) efn ~mb ~q{b c` lcw~jejb icef qcr

zef~„gb`cwb ledafj e àfei nbhaxacf&

57



Mcz zaii ie~b {eqlbf~x e``bh~ lq hwbna~3

[eqafj gaiix cf ~alb bpbwq lcf~m ax cfb c` ~mb gbx~ zeqx ~cgrain jccn hwbna~& C` hcrwxb) xclb~albx {bc{ib `cwjb~ ~c {eq e

gaii& Cw ef rfb}{bh~bn bpbf~ iadb e xbwacrx aiifbxx nax~weh~x

~mbl `wcl {eqafj gaiix gq ~mbaw nrb ne~b& A` ~max mex me{{bfbn ~c

qcr cfiq cfhb cw ~zahb) ~mb ie~b {eqlbf~ leq xmcz r{ cf qcrw

hwbna~ wb{cw~) gr~ qcr hef b}{ieaf ~c e hwbna~cw zmq a~ me{{bfbn&

Zmbf {bc{ib c`~bf {eq gaiix ie~b) mczbpbw) a~ hef mrw~ ~mbaw

hwbna~& Hwbna~cwx‑ b}{bwabfhb mex xmczf ~me~ {bc{ib zmc ncfc~ {eq ~mbaw gaiix cf ~alb ewb lcwb iadbiq ~c mepb na`àhri~q

wb{eqafj e icef ~mef {bc{ib zmc {eq cf ~alb&

Mbwb ewb xclb anbex `cw epcanafj ie~b {eqlbf~x&

‧ Lewd cf e heibfnew zmbf qcr lrx~ leai qcrw gaiix behm

lcf~m xc ~mbq zaii ewwapb gb`cwb ~mb nrb ne~b&

‧ [eq gaiix er~cle~aheiiq cr~ c` qcrw hmbhdafj ehhcrf~ bpbwq

lcf~m& Jex) bibh~wah) ~bib{mcfb) efn afxrwefhb hcl{efabxc`~bf bfhcrwejb ~mbaw hrx~clbwx ~c {eq ~mbaw gaiix ~max zeq& A`

qcr rxb er~cle~ah {eqlbf~x) gb xrwb qcr dbb{ ~wehd c` ~mbl

af qcrw hmbhdgccd&

‧ A` qcr ~edb e ~wa{ cr~ c` ~czf) ledb e {ief cw dbb{afj qcrw

gaiix r{ ~c ne~b& @cw b}el{ib) qcr lajm~ exd e `wabfn ~c {ahd

r{ qcrw leai efn xbfn qcr qcrw gaiix xc qcr hef {eq ~mbl

zmaib qcr ewb jcfb& Qcr hef eixc heii qcrw hwbna~cwx gb`cwb

qcr ibepb ~czf efn ewwefjb ~c {eq qcrw gaiix emben c` ~alb&

êdafj ~mbxb x~b{x zaii al{wcpb qcrw hwbna~ cpbw ~alb& Af

jbfbwei) hwbna~cwx iccd `cw e ~zc,qbew max~cwq c` {eqafj gaiix

hcfxax~bf~iq cf ~alb ~c mbi{ bx~egiaxm jccn hwbna~&

58

8



Zme~ bixb zaii mbi{ lb ~edb hcf~wci c` lq hwbna~3

Af enna~acf ~c {eqafj qcrw gaiix cf ~alb bpbwq lcf~m) qcr hef~edb c~mbw x~b{x ~c al{wcpb qcrw hwbna~ cw leaf~eaf ~mb jccn

hwbna~ qcr eiwbenq mepb&

X~b{x qcr hef ~edb cf qcrw czf&

‧ [eq icefx àwx~& [eq ~mbl gb`cwb qcr x{bfn

lcfbq `cw ~mafjx iadb jcafj cr~ `cw naffbw cw ~c ~mb

lcpabx& Laxxbn {eqlbf~x mrw~ qcrw hwbna~ we~afj&

‧ [eq c`` hwbna~ hewnx bpbwq lcf~m& A` ~max ax

na`àhri~ ~c nc) hr~ r{ ~mb hewn xc qcr hef‑~ rxb a~&

Cw {r~ ~mb hewn ezeq rf~ai qcr {eq a~ c``& ^mbf cfiq

rxb ~mb hewn a` qcr mepb ef blbwjbfhq cw dfcz qcr

hef {eq ~mb geiefhb bpbwq lcf~m& C~mbwzaxb) zwa~b

hmbhdx cw {eq hexm `cw a~blx qcr grq&

‧ Wblafn qcrwxbi` ~me~ hwbna~ hewnx ewb icefx&

Gb`cwb qcr {rii cr~ qcrw hwbna~ hewn) exd qcrwxbi`) ’Zcrin A

wbeiiq ~edb cr~ e icef ~c grq ~max3“

‧ Hmewjb ibxx ~mef ~mb le}alrl elcrf~ epeaiegib cf

qcrw hwbna~ hewn& Bpbf a` qcr ledb ~mb {eqlbf~x cf ~alb)

hwbna~cwx leq ~mafd ~me~ qcr ewb af ~cc lrhm nbg~&

‧ Cfiq e{{iq `cw ~mb hwbna~ qcr fbbn& Bpbwq ~alb qcr

e{{iq `cw hwbna~) a~ e{{bewx cf qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~& A` qcr

5>

>



e{{iq c`~bf) hwbna~cwx leq gb hcfhbwfbn ~me~ qcr ewb rxafj

~cc lrhm hwbna~& Bpbf a` qcr nc fc~ c{bf ~mb hmewjb ehhcrf~)

qcrw e{{iahe~acf leq weaxb e ìej ~me~ qcr leq gb mepafjhexm,ìcz {wcgiblx& Epcan e{{iqafj `cw hwbna~ hewnx orx~ `cw

`rf) cw ~c jb~ e ’`wbb“ ja`~ cw e naxhcrf~ cf e {rwhmexb&

‧ A` qcr `bbi qcr hef zaxbiq rxb e hwbna~ hewn) hmccxb

cfb za~m e icz af~bwbx~ we~b efn fc -cw pbwq icz!

effrei `bbx& Hwbna~ hewnx axxrbn gq nb{ew~lbf~

x~cwbx cw c~mbw x~cwbx rxreiiq hmewjb majmbw af~bwbx~

we~bx ~mef gefd hwbna~ hewnx& Qcr hef rxb ~mb

Af~bwfb~ ~c xmc{ `cw e hewn za~m icz `bbx efn icz

af~bwbx~ we~bx& Hcl{ewb ~mb `bbx efn we~bx c` efq

c``bwx qcr wbhbapb af ~mb leai& Nc fc~ {eq ef r{`wcf~

`bb ~c jb~ e iczbw we~b cf e hwbna~ hewn& Ef r{`wcf~ `bb ax

na` bwbf~ `wcl ef effrei `bb efn ax c`~bf e xhel&

‧ ^wq ~c {eq lcwb ~mef ~mb lafalrl nrb behm lcf~m&Zmbf qcr cfiq {eq ~mb lafalrl) qcr bfn r{ {eqafj e ic~ c`

lcfbq af af~bwbx~ hmewjbx& @cw b}el{ib) exxrlb qcr rxb e

hwbna~ hewn za~m ef 5= {bwhbf~ af~bwbx~ we~b ~c grq e xcè `cw

.5);;;& Qcr cfiq ledb ~mb lafalrl {eqlbf~ c` 7 {bwhbf~

behm lcf~m -egcr~ .7;!& E~ ~me~ we~b) a~ zaii ~edb qcr egcr~

1; lcf~mx -cw : 5#7 qbewx%! ~c {eq c`` ~mb hcrhm) efn a~ zaii

bfn r{ hcx~afj qcr egcr~ .5)=;; zmbf qcr afhirnb af~bwbx~

hmewjbx&

‧ Rxb qcrw hwbna~ hewn ~c bx~egiaxm jccn hwbna~&

Ei~mcrjm qcr hef jb~ af~c nbg~ ~wcrgib a` qcr cpbwrxb hwbna~

52



hewnx) qcr hef eixc rxb hwbna~ hewnx zaxbiq ~c xmcz ~me~ qcr

hef lefejb hwbna~ zbii& Orx~ gb xrwb ~c {eq ~mb hwbna~ hewnx

c`` bpbwq lcf~m cw dbb{ ~mb geiefhbx pbwq icz&

‧ Iccd cw zeqx ~c hr~ qcrw b}{bfxbx cw afhwbexb qcrw

afhclb& ^max zaii japb qcr lcwb lcfbq ~c {eq gaiix& @cw

xclb anbex) xbb ~mb xbh~acf c` ~max jranb cf grnjb~afj&

‧ Dbb{ ~wehd c` gaiix efn {ex~,nrb fc~ahbx& Nc fc~ ~mafd

~me~ e nbg~ mex naxe{{bewbn orx~ gbherxb qcr leq mepb

x~c{{bn wbhbapafj fc~ahbx& @cw b}el{ib) nch~cwx cw mcx{a~eix

xclb~albx x~c{ xbfnafj gaiix ~c {e~abf~x e`~bw xbpbwei

lcf~mx& Gr~ a` ~mbq ~rwf ~mb gaii cpbw ~c e hciibh~acf ejbfhq)

a~ zaii xmcz r{ cf qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~& Rf{ean x~rnbf~ icefx

zaii eixc e{{bew cf qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~ efn leq {wbpbf~ qcr

`wcl jb~~afj e icef& Hmbhd qcrw hwbna~ wb{cw~ ~c xbb a` qcr

mepb efq c` ~mbxb nbg~x& ^mbf ~edb x~b{x ~c x~ew~ {eqafj ~mbl

gb`cwb qcr e{{iq `cw e fbz icef&

Jb~~afj mbi{&

5& A` qcr ewb mepafj {wcgiblx {eqafj qcrw nbg~x) heii

qcrw hwbna~cwx ~c naxhrxx qcrw c{~acfx& Heii ~mbl gb`cwb

qcr laxx e {eqlbf~& ^max leq gb e na`àhri~ x~b{) gr~ a~ ax ibxx

blgewwexxafj ~mef wbhbapafj {mcfb heiix `wcl hwbna~cwx

nblefnafj {eqlbf~& A` qcr gcrjm~ e hew efn ewb mepafj

~wcrgib ledafj ~mb {eqlbf~x) `cw b}el{ib) a~ leq gb gb~~bw

~c xbii ~mb hew efn {eq c`` ~mb icef ~mef ~c ib~ ~mb hwbna~cw

wb{cxxbxx ~mb hew& E wb{cxxbxxacf zaii mrw~ qcrw hwbna~ we~afj&

50



7& A` qcr czb lcfbq ~c lefq grxafbxxbx) a~ leq gb ~alb

`cw b}{bw~ mbi{& Hcfxanbw jcafj ~c e fcf{wcà~ hwbna~,hcrf,

xbiafj cwjefae~acf& ^mbxb cwjefae~acfxhef zcwd za~m qcr efn qcrw hwbna~cwx ~c xb~

r{ e wb{eqlbf~ {ief& ^mbq zaii {wcpanb ~max

xbwpahb e~ ia~~ib cw fc hcx~& Qcrw ibfnbw cw

hwbna~cw leq gb egib ~c wb`bw qcr ~c e hwbna~

hcrfxbicw& C~mbw {iehbx ~c iccd `cw e hwbna~,

hcrfxbiafj xbwpahb afhirnb rfapbwxa~abx)

laia~ewq gexbx) hwbna~ rfacfx) gefdx) efn

mcrxafj er~mcwa~abx&

8& X~eq ezeq `wcl ’hwbna~,wb{eaw“ hcl{efabx& Ibja~ale~b)

fcf{wcà~) hcllrfa~q,gexbn hcrfxbiafj cwjefae~acfx

{wcpanb e lrhm,fbbnbn xbwpahb ~c {bc{ib zmc ewb mepafj

hwbna~ {wcgiblx& Ncf‑~ hcf`rxb ~mbxb cwjefae~acfx za~m xc,

heiibn hwbna~,wb{eaw hcl{efabx ~me~ c``bw ~c à} qcrw hwbna~

max~cwq `cw e `bb& A~ hef‑~ gb ncfb& Cfiq qcr hef wb{eaw qcrwgen hwbna~ gq wb{eqafj qcrw nbg~x efn {eqafj qcrw hrwwbf~

gaiix cf ~alb& [wclaxbx iadb ’Zb hef bwexb qcrw gen hwbna~)

5;; {bwhbf~ jrewef~bbn“ ewb fc~ ~wrb& ^c hmbhd cr~ e hcl{efq‑x

wb{r~e~acf) heii ~mb Gb~~bw Grxafbxx Grwber cw qcrw x~e~b‑x

E~~cwfbq Jbfbwei&

E fc~b egcr~ gefdwr{~hq) `cwbhicxrwbx )

efn wb{cxxbxxacfx&

A` qcr mepb fc~ {ean e icef efn mepb men e hew wb{cxxbxxbn) e

mcrxb `cwbhicxbn cf) cw mepb nbhiewbn gefdwr{~hq) a~ zaii mepb

e leocw b``bh~ cf qcrw egaia~q ~c jb~ fbz hwbna~& Af`cwle~acf

5:

Paxa~ zzz&@wclWbf~bw7Czfbw&hcl `cw e wbb hcfxri~e~acf% Zb zaii jranb qcrw mclb grqafj {wchbx



egcr~ e `cwbhicxrwb cw wb{cxxbxxacf hef x~eq cf qcrw hwbna~

wb{cw~ `cw xbpbf qbewx& E gefdwr{~hq hef x~eq cf qcrw hwbna~

wb{cw~ r{ ~c 5; qbewx&

A` qcr ewb af cfb c` ~mbxb xa~re~acfx efn zef~ ~c e{{iq `cw e fbz

icef) ~mbwb ewb xbpbwei ~mafjx qcr hef nc& @awx~) qcr lajm~ zwa~b

e ib~~bw ~c ~mb fbz ibfnbw b}{ieafafj zmq ~mb {wcgibl

chhrwwbn& @cw b}el{ib) {bwme{x qcr zbwb xbwacrxiq aii) wbhbf~iq

napcwhbn) cw icx~ qcrw ocg&

Efc~mbw xrjjbx~acf ax ~c zea~ e `bz qbewx gb`cwb qcr e{{iq `cw e

fbz icef& ^mb ibfj~m c` ~alb qcr lrx~ zea~ zaii nb{bfn cf ~mb

ibfnbw‑x wribx efn ~mb xab c` ~mb icef `cw zmahm qcr ewb e{{iq,

afj& Nrwafj ~me~ ~alb) ledb e x~wcfj b``cw~ ~c wbnrhb qcrw nbg~

efn {eq qcrw gaiix cf ~alb& Zmbf qcr e{{iq `cw e icef ejeaf)

ledb xrwb ~mb ibfnbw dfczx ~mb x~b{x qcr mepb ~edbf ~c

al{wcpb qcrw hwbna~&

5=



Mcz hef A hwbe~b e hwbna~ max~cwq

a` A ncf‑~ mepb cfb fcz3

Qcr leq {wb`bw ~c {eq hexm `cw bpbwq~mafj qcr grq& Qcr leq

fbpbw mepb ~edbf cr~ e icef& Cw {bwme{x qcr ewb wbhbf~iq

napcwhbn efn nc fc~ mepb efq hwbna~ af qcrw felb& A` qcr

ewb fc~ af nbg~) qcr xmcrin `bbi jccn egcr~ ~me~&

Mczbpbw) a` qcr mepb fbpbw lenb e icef {eqlbf~ cw rxbn e hwbna~

hewn) qcr leq fc~ mepb efq hwbna~ max~cwq& ^max hef gb e {wcg,

ibl zmbf qcr jb~ wbenq ~c grq e mclb efn e{{iq `cw e lcw~jejbicef& ^mb lcw~jejb ibfnbw zaii zef~ ~c xbb e wbhcwn c` mcz zbii

qcr hef {eq gaiix efn lefejb hwbna~&

A` qcr ncf‑~ mepb hwbna~ hewnx cw icefx) qcr hef x~aii

{r~ ~cjb~mbw e hwbna~ max~cwq& Qcr hef hwbe~b qcrw

czf wb{cw~ ~c xmcz e ibfnbw ~me~ qcr {eq qcrw wbf~)

~bib{mcfb) hew afxrwefhb) lbnahei) efn r~aia~q gaiix

cf ~alb behm lcf~m& ^max ax heiibn e fcf~wena~acfei

hwbna~ max~cwq&

Mbwb ewb xrjjbx~acfx `cw grainafj e fcf~wena~acfei hwbna~

max~cwq?

‧ Dbb{ hc{abx c` gaiix qcr {eq) afhirnafj qcrw wbf~) ~bib{mcfb)

bibh~waha~q) hegib ~bibpaxacf) jex) efn afxrwefhb&

‧ Dbb{ hc{abx c` ~mb hefhbibn hmbhdx rxbn ~c {eq qcrw gaiix&

‧ Exd qcrw iefnicwn) ~mb ~bib{mcfb hcl{efq) efn ~mb jex efn

51

2



bibh~wah hcl{efq ~c zwa~b qcr e ib~~bw& Exd ~mbl ~c afhirnb

mcz icfj qcr mepb gbbf e hrx~clbw efn mcz zbii qcr mepb

{ean qcrw gaiix bpbwq lcf~m&

‧ Xmcz qcrw gaiix) {eqlbf~x) efn ib~~bwx ~c ibfnbwx ~c {wcpb

~me~ qcr {eq qcrw gaiix cf ~alb bpbwq lcf~m& E wbhcwn ~me~

xmczx e~ ibex~ ~zc qbewx c` wbjriew {eqlbf~x ax anbei&

‧ Ei~mcrjm cpbwrxb c` hwbna~ hewnx hef jb~ {bc{ib af~c

nbg~ ~wcrgib) rxafj cfb cw ~zc hwbna~ hewnx zaxbiq ax e

jccn zeq ~c bx~egiaxm e hwbna~ max~cwq& Hcfxanbw exdafj

qcrw gefd a` a~ hef axxrb qcr e ’xbhrwbn“ hwbna~ hewn) gehdbn

gq qcrw xepafjx ehhcrf~) ~c mbi{ qcr bx~egiaxm hwbna~& Gb xrwb

qcr rfnbwx~efn efq `bbx afpcipbn efn ~mb ~bwlx `cw ledafj

{eqlbf~x& ^mbf rxb ~mb hewn `cw xclb c` qcrw {rwhmexbx&

Ledb ~mb hwbna~ hewn {eqlbf~x cf ~alb bpbwq lcf~m ~c xmcz

qcr hef mefnib hwbna~ zbii& Qcr hef eixc e{{iq `cw e hwbna~

hewn cf qcrw czf) nawbh~iq `wcl e nb{ew~lbf~ x~cwb cw e hwbna~hewn hcl{efq&

‧ A` qcr ewb lewwabn) ledb xrwb xclb hwbna~ ehhcrf~x ewb af

qcrw czf felb ex zbii ex qcrw x{crxb‑x felb) xc qcr zaii

gc~m grain e hwbna~ max~cwq& Eixc wblblgbw ~me~ qcr ewb

wbx{cfxagib `cw {eqafj efq icefx cw hwbna~,hewn nbg~x ~me~ ewb

af gc~m felbx&

‧ Exd e fcf{wcà~ hwbna~,hcrfxbiafj xbwpahb cw mcrxafj,

exxax~efhb ejbfhq `cw mbi{ af {wb{ewafj e fcf~wena~acfei

hwbna~ max~cwq&

7;



Mcz hef e grnjb~ mbi{ al{wcpb lq hwbna~3

Cfb b}hbiibf~ zeq ~c ~edb hcf~wci c` hwbna~ ax ~c rxb e grnjb~&^mafd c` e grnjb~ ex qcrw x{bfnafj {ief& A~ mbi{x qcr {ief

zmbwb qcr zaii x{bfn qcrw lcfbq„efn mcz qcr zaii xepb

xclb c` a~& Efc~mbw jccn wbexcf `cw mepafj e grnjb~ ax ~me~ a~

mbi{x qcr jb~ wbenq ~c grq e mclb& Zmbf qcr e{{iq `cw e lcw~,

jejb icef) ~mb ibfnbw zaii exd qcr mcz lrhm afhclb qcr mepb

efn zme~ qcrw b}{bfxbx ewb& E grnjb~ zaii xmcz ~me~ af`cwle,

~acf&

^mbwb ewb `crw x~b{x ~c ledafj e grnjb~?

5& Iax~ qcrw afhclb&

7& Iax~ qcrw b}{bfxbx&

8& Hcl{ewb afhclb efn b}{bfxbx&

>& Xb~ {wacwa~abx efn ledb hmefjbx xc ~me~ qcrw afhclb

zaii gb jwbe~bw ~mef qcrw b}{bfxbx&

@cw e grnjb~ ~c zcwd) a~ lrx~ gb ehhrwe~b& @cw b}el{ib) ncf‑~cpbwbx~ale~b qcrw afhclb& Eixc) ncf‑~ `cwjb~ gaiix ~me~ cfiq

hclb nrb bpbwq `bz lcf~mx cw xc) xrhm ex hew afxrwefhb& Af ~mbxb

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