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DEFINITION
Addition is the mathematical process of putting things together. The plus sign "+"
means that two numbers are added together. Addition also means ascending
order and counting on. For eample! in the picture below there are rabbits and
rabbits. In this operation! we can show b# adding the rabbits with two other
rabbits! we can get $ rabbits.
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CONCEPT OF ADDITION
There are two t#pes of concept in addition that can be represented b# the set
model and the linear model.
a% &et 'odel
There are ( moons in a first bo. Then we add more moons in the second bo.
&o! the total of moons that ha)e in the bo is eight.
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b% *inear 'odel
Addition also can be shown b# thermometer and number line.
The ball bounces steps! for the first time. The ball bounces $ steps more. The
ball is now at number (.
The initial of the temperature is , -. The temperaturehas increase -. The final temperature is -.
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c) Standard Form
d) Mathematics Sentence
2 + 3 = 5
Addend
Addend
Sm
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/roperties of Addition
!) Additi"e0 1ero is an identit#.
Eample0 + 2 3
+ 2 3
n + 2 3 n
2) Commtati"e meaning that order does not matter.
Eample0 + 3 +
a + b 3 b + a
3) Associati"e meaning that one can add more than two numbers.
Eample0 4+% + 5 3 (
+ 4 + 5% 3 (
Therefore0 4a + b% + c 3 a + 4b + c%
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In addition there are a few of )ocabular# are use to represent the addition. There
are0
a) Sm
#) Tota$
c) Com#ine
Addition operation can be shown b# using an# materials. In addition! the most
materials are using in this operation are0
a) Dienes %$oc&
#) Cissenaire 'od
c) A#acs
d) S(i&e A#acs
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TA%E OF %ASIC FACTS FO' ADDITION
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DEFINITION
&ubtraction is the mathematical process of finding the difference between two
numbers when a smaller number is ta6en awa# from a bigger one. &ubtraction
also means decreasing and counting bac6 in operation. For eample! -hua ha)e
fi)e marbles in his bas6et. Then! he meet with his friend is Nana and he gi)es
two marbles in his bas6et to Nana. Now! he has three marbles in his bas6et.
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CONCEPT OF S*%T'ACTION
There are four t#pes of concept in subtraction that can be represented b# the
ta&e aa, mode$- missin. addend- com(arison and the $inear mode$/
a) Ta&e Aa, Mode$
#) Missin. Addend
Another t#pe7s pattern that represents subtraction is b# using the cuissenaire rod.
For eample0
Ali has 8 6ittens in cage. &uddenl#! 5 from his 6ittens are missing. &o! he has (
6ittens with him right now.
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0
3
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DEFINITION
'ultiplication is a process of calculating repeated addition. The answer for
multiplication is called the product.
For instance! adding + + + will gi)e 9. hence the product of $ 4
added $ times% is 9.
&teps in performing multiplication0
a% Arrange numbers in order of their place )alue.
b% 'ultipl# the number in the se:uence of ones! tens! hundreds and so on.
TE SM%O OF M*TIPICATION
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&pecial than6s to /n ;a<ah =oha#a as our 'athematics7 lecturer! our parents
and our fellow friends. The# all had gi)e support! time and good eplanation to us
since the first da# we got this assignment.
As a team wor6! we had a )er# good cooperation among us. >e found materials
together! t#ping all the materials together and we shared this assignmenttogether.
;ope all of #ou will understand our presentation. Than6 #ou for gi)ing time to
read our assigment
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d) Com(arison
-omparison means when two things are compared to each other. 'uthu has
2 boo6s while Aminah has , boo6s. &o! the difference between the total of
their boo6s are fi)e.
d) inear mode$
The frog <umps to point 5. Then! it <umps bac6 steps to the left. Now the frog is
at point one.
Minuend
Subtrahend
Difference/Remainder
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DEFINITION
Di)ision is a process of regrouping in e:ual numbers or sharing e:uall#. The
number of times something is di)ided is called the di)isor. The answer to an
operation in)ol)ing di)ision is called the :uotient.
Eample4 !5 3 = 5
Di)ision is the in)erse or opposite of multiplication. There fore #ou can alwa#s
chec6 #our answer to a :uestion on di)ision b# doing multiplication the opposite
wa#.
Eample0 26 7 = 5
O((osite
5 8 7 = 26
If a number cannot be di)ided eactl#! the lefto)er number is called theremainder.
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&teps in performing di)ision0
a% Arrange numbers in the general form.
b% Di)ide the number starting from the biggest place )alue.