kkp maths.doc

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DEFINITION

Addition is the mathematical process of putting things together. The plus sign "+"

means that two numbers are added together. Addition also means ascending

order and counting on. For eample! in the picture below there are rabbits and

rabbits. In this operation! we can show b# adding the rabbits with two other

rabbits! we can get $ rabbits.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_sign

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Addition01.svg


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PlusCM128.svg


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_sign

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number



CONCEPT OF ADDITION

There are two t#pes of concept in addition that can be represented b# the set

model and the linear model.

a% &et 'odel

There are ( moons in a first bo. Then we add more moons in the second bo.

&o! the total of moons that ha)e in the bo is eight.



b% *inear 'odel

Addition also can be shown b# thermometer and number line.

The ball bounces steps! for the first time. The ball bounces $ steps more. The

ball is now at number (.

The initial of the temperature is , -. The temperaturehas increase -. The final temperature is -.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AdditionLineAlgebraic.svg



c) Standard Form

d) Mathematics Sentence

2 + 3 = 5

Addend

Addend

Sm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AdditionVertical.svg



/roperties of Addition

!) Additi"e0 1ero is an identit#.

Eample0 + 2 3

+ 2 3

n + 2 3 n

2) Commtati"e meaning that order does not matter.

Eample0 + 3 +

a + b 3 b + a

3) Associati"e meaning that one can add more than two numbers.

Eample0 4+% + 5 3 (

+ 4 + 5% 3 (

Therefore0 4a + b% + c 3 a + 4b + c%



In addition there are a few of )ocabular# are use to represent the addition. There

are0

a) Sm

#) Tota$

c) Com#ine

Addition operation can be shown b# using an# materials. In addition! the most

materials are using in this operation are0

a) Dienes %$oc&

#) Cissenaire 'od

c) A#acs

d) S(i&e A#acs



TA%E OF %ASIC FACTS FO' ADDITION

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AdditionTable.svg



DEFINITION

&ubtraction is the mathematical process of finding the difference between two

numbers when a smaller number is ta6en awa# from a bigger one. &ubtraction

also means decreasing and counting bac6 in operation. For eample! -hua ha)e

fi)e marbles in his bas6et. Then! he meet with his friend is Nana and he gi)es

two marbles in his bas6et to Nana. Now! he has three marbles in his bas6et.



CONCEPT OF S*%T'ACTION

There are four t#pes of concept in subtraction that can be represented b# the

ta&e aa, mode$- missin. addend- com(arison and the $inear mode$/

a) Ta&e Aa, Mode$

#) Missin. Addend

Another t#pe7s pattern that represents subtraction is b# using the cuissenaire rod.

For eample0

Ali has 8 6ittens in cage. &uddenl#! 5 from his 6ittens are missing. &o! he has (

6ittens with him right now.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Subtraction01.svg



0

3



DEFINITION

'ultiplication is a process of calculating repeated addition. The answer for

multiplication is called the product.

For instance! adding + + + will gi)e 9. hence the product of $ 4

added $ times% is 9.

&teps in performing multiplication0

a% Arrange numbers in order of their place )alue.

b% 'ultipl# the number in the se:uence of ones! tens! hundreds and so on.

TE SM%O OF M*TIPICATION



&pecial than6s to /n ;a<ah =oha#a as our 'athematics7 lecturer! our parents

and our fellow friends. The# all had gi)e support! time and good eplanation to us

since the first da# we got this assignment.

As a team wor6! we had a )er# good cooperation among us. >e found materials

together! t#ping all the materials together and we shared this assignmenttogether.

;ope all of #ou will understand our presentation. Than6 #ou for gi)ing time to

read our assigment



d) Com(arison

-omparison means when two things are compared to each other. 'uthu has

2 boo6s while Aminah has , boo6s. &o! the difference between the total of

their boo6s are fi)e.

d) inear mode$

The frog <umps to point 5. Then! it <umps bac6 steps to the left. Now the frog is

at point one.

Minuend

Subtrahend

Difference/Remainder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Subtraction_Example_Image_1.PNG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Subtraction_line_segment_jaredwf.png



DEFINITION

Di)ision is a process of regrouping in e:ual numbers or sharing e:uall#. The

number of times something is di)ided is called the di)isor. The answer to an

operation in)ol)ing di)ision is called the :uotient.

Eample4 !5 3 = 5

Di)ision is the in)erse or opposite of multiplication. There fore #ou can alwa#s

chec6 #our answer to a :uestion on di)ision b# doing multiplication the opposite

wa#.

Eample0 26 7 = 5

O((osite

5 8 7 = 26

If a number cannot be di)ided eactl#! the lefto)er number is called theremainder.



&teps in performing di)ision0

a% Arrange numbers in the general form.

b% Di)ide the number starting from the biggest place )alue.

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kkp maths.doc