KINGDOM FUNGI

Taxonomy

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi

THE FUNGI

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Bacteria Archaea Protista Plants Fungi Animals

Most multicellular

Non-photosynthetic

Heterotrophs

Saprobes

Parasites

Unique cell wall

Chitin

General Characteristics

External digestion

Reproduction

Sexual & asexual

processes

Produce spores

Most are dikaryotic at

some point in life cycle

> 56,000 known species

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Hypha

Single or multicellular filament

Septate or non-septate

Mycelium

Mass of hyphae

Reproductive structure

E.g., sporangium, mushroom

General Morphology

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General Life Cycle

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Fig. 24-4, p. 392

E Nuclear

fusion forms mature

diploid

zygospore.

zygospore (2n)

nuclear fusion

Diploid Stage meiosis

Haploid Stage D Cytoplasmic

fusion of the

gametangia

forms young

zygospore.

spores (n)

germinating

zygospore 50 µm

F Meiosis produces

haploid nuclei, which are

incorporated into spores

when the zygospore

germinates. young zygospore spore sac

C Gametangia

form at the tips of

the hyphae.

haploid

mycelium spores

( n ) gametangia

A Asexual

reproduction B + and − hyphae meet

Quick Quiz: A single strand of haploid

fungal cells is called…

A) Mycelium

B) Zygospore

C) Hypha

D) Mushroom

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Quick Quiz: The product of meiosis in

a fungus is a…

A) seed

B) mycelium

C) spore

D) mushroom

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Basidiomycota (club fungi)

Mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls

Ascomycota (sac fungi)

Cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast

Zygomycota

Bread mold

Chytrids

Glomeromycetes

Major Groups

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Club fungi

E.g., mushrooms, shelf fungi, puff balls

Structures

Basidiocarp, basidiospores

Septate hyphae

Haploid or dikaryotic

Basidiomycota

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Sac fungi

E.g., cup fungi, morels, truffles, yeast

Structures

Ascocarp, ascospores

Septate hyphae

Haploid or dikaryotic

Ascomycota

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Pathogens

Microsporum sp.

Candida albicans

Aspergillis flavus

Ascomycota

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E.g., bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer)

Structures

Zygospore

Sporangia

Aseptate hyphae

Haploid

Slide 7

Fig. 24.6, p. 396

nuclear fusion meiosis

zygospore (2n)

spores

(n)Zygospore Spore sac

mycelium

develops from

germinated

spore

rhizoids

stolon

ASEXUAL

REPRODUCTION

(mitosis)

contact between

hyphae of two mating

strains

germinating

zygospore

Diploid Stage

Haploid Stage

young zygospore

gametangia

fusing

50 µm

spores

(n)

Zygomycota

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Flagellated fungi

Spores and gametes are motile

Saprobes or parasites

Aseptate hyphae

Haploid

Chytrids

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B. dendrobatidis

Imperfect?

No known sexual reproductive phase

Grow in soil on roots of plants

Symbiotic

Aseptate hyphae

Haploid

Glomeromycetes: Fungi Imperfecti

14 https://biomesfourth09.wikispaces.com/Temperate+Deciduous+Forest+Facts

Quick Quiz: Which of the following

reproduce both sexually and

asexually?

A) Basidiomycota

B) Ascomycota

C) Zygomycota

D) Chytrids

E) Glomeromycota

F) All except E

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Lichen

Fungus (typ. Ascomycota)

Algae (or cyanobacterium)

Fungal Symbionts

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Lichen

Fungal Symbionts

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Fig. 24-14d, p. 398

dispersal fragment

(cells of fungus and of

photosynthetic species)

outer layer

of fungal cells

photosynthetic

species

inner layer of

loosely woven

hyphae

outer layer

of fungal cells

Mycorrhizae

Fungus

Plant roots

Fungal Symbionts

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Quick Quiz: Fungi form symbiotic

relationships frequently with what

kinds of organisms?

A) Heterotrophic

B) Autotrophic

C) Both A and B

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