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KinesiologyUnit 2

Anatomical Positions

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Anatomical Position:

Definition:

Reference point to describe the location of anatomical parts & to describe & explain

human movement

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Anatomical Position (continues)

Body –

erect & facing observer

Arms –

at side with palms of hands facing forward

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Anatomical Position (continues)

Supine – Lying on your back

Prone – Lying face down

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Anatomical Directional Terms:

Anterior – nearer to or in front of the body

Posterior – nearer to or at the back of the body

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Anatomical Directional Terms (continues)

Superior –

nearer the head

Inferior –

farther away from the head

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Anatomical Directional Terms (continues)

Lateral –

farther away from the midline of the body or structure

Medial –

closer to the midline of the body or structure

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Anatomical Directional Terms (continues)

Proximal – nearer to the attachment of a limb or extremity to the trunk

Distal – farther away from the attachment of a limb or extremity to the trunk

Superficial – near the surface of the body

Deep – farther away from the surface of the body

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Anatomical Planes:

1.Sagittal Plane –

vertical plane, divides body into left & right

Midsagittal Plane –

if the masses of the halves are equal

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Anatomical Planes (continues)

2.Frontal Plane –

vertical plane, divides body into anterior & posterior

Midfrontal Plane –

if the masses of the halves are equal

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Anatomical Planes (continues)

3.Transverse Plane –

horizontal plane, divides body into superior & inferior parts

Midtransverse Plane –

if the masses of the two parts are equal

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Anatomical Planes (continues)

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Movements:

Flexion – decreasing the angle between two joints

Extension – increasing the angle between two joints

Hyperextension –

occurs beyond

extended

position

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Movements (continues)

Abduction – moving away from the midline of the body or body part

Adduction – moving toward midline of body or body part

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Movements (continues)

Elevation – moving to superior position

Depression – moving to inferior position

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Movements (continues)

Supination – rotating forearm laterally

Pronation – rotating forearm medially

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Movements (continues)

Inversion – lifting the medial border of the foot

Eversion – lifting the lateral border of the foot

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Movements (continues)

Dorsiflexion – moving the top of the foot toward the shin

Plantar flexion – moving the sole of the foot downward (pointing toes)

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Movements (continues)

Circumduction – flexion, abduction, extension & adduction in a sequence

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Movements (continues)

Rotation – Turning about the vertical axis of the bone

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End of Unit