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KindergarteninJordan:DataforDecision-Making
CIES2018MexicoCityManarShukri,JoeDeStefano,KatherineMerseth
Background• USAID/JordanReadingandMathProgram(RAMP)• Jordan’sNationalHumanResourceDevelopmentStrategy• EffortstoachieveuniversalKindergarten2(KG2)enrolment- from59%currently• MinisterofEducationrequest• RAMPpartneringwithMOEChildhoodDirectorateandUNICEF:
ToprovideinformationtotheMoE toconsiderviableoptionsforequitablyexpandingandimprovingKG2throughpublic-privatepartnerships.
Karak,Jordan
ResearchQuestions1. Whatproportionof age-eligiblechildrenattendedKG2in2016-17?
2. WhattypeofKG2classroomsdidthosechildrenattend(public,private-licensed,other)?
3. Whatfactorsinfluencedfamilies’decisionsaboutkindergarten?
4. ForthosewhodidnotsendtheirchildrentoKG2in2016-17,whynot?
5. Whatexistingkindergartenservicesareregisteredwithotherministriesandwherearetheylocated?
6. WhatarethequalitycharacteristicsofthedifferenttypesofKG2 providers?
FivePhasesofStudy1. CompileexistingdataonKGsorKG-likeserviceprovidersthatare
registeredwithanygovernmentministryandobtainGPScoordinates.
2. SurveyparentsofstudentsenrolledinGrade1thisyearto askabouttheirKG2experiencelastyear.
3. Develop qualitativeprofilesofcategoriesofserviceproviders.
4. Conductaqualitativestudyoffamilieswhosechildrendid notattendKG2lastyear.
5. Facilitateadialogueamongstakeholders.
MethodologyforParentSurvey
• Assumption– StudentsenrolledinGrade1in2017-18weretherightageforKG2lastyear.
• ToapproximatethenumberofchildreninKG2lastyear,wesurveyedparentsofstudentsinGrade1thisyear.
• Asurveyinstrumentconsistingoftenquestionswasdeveloped,piloted,refinedandadministeredinGrade1classroomsnationallyinDecember2017.
Astratifiedrandomsamplewasdesignedto:• RepresentstudentsinthewholeKingdom,andeachgovernorate
• Representstudentsinpublicschools,includingrefugeecamps,privateandotherschools
• Representurbanandruralareaswithineachgovernorate
• Inaddition,weselectedasampleofschoolstorepresentstudentsindistrictswiththehighestmultidimensionalchildvulnerabilityindex,asdesignatedbyUNICEF
• AndwedrewasampletorepresentstudentsattendingUNRWAschools
UNICEFJordanMultidimensionalChildVulnerabilityIndex
RepresentativeSampleSize
Target#ofSchools
Target#ofStudent/Sch.
Target#ofSchools
Target#ofStudents
Actual#ofStudents
Urbanarea 20 20 x12gov’tes 240 4,800 4,964
Ruralarea 20 20 x12gov’tes 240 4,800 4,847
Vulnerabledistricts 20 20 20 400 388
UNRWAschools 20 20 20 400 383
Total 520 10,400 10,582
Thissamplesizegivesusasuperbmarginoferrorof± 1.2whensummarizingresponsestoquestionsatthehighestconfidencelevel(99%).
Note:Forcomparison,thePISAandTIMSSinJordanin2015hadsamplesizesofaround7,500students
PercentthatattendedKG2in2016-17
Overall84%
Girls 86% Urban 84%Boys 81% Rural 86%
ByNationalityJordanian 92%
Iraqi 68%Syrian 52%others 82%
MajorFindings
Whatwasthenatureoftheservice?
ofwhich:
5days/week
3-4days/week
1-2days/week
Fullyear 94% 93% 7% 0%
Morethanhalfyear 2% 77% 19% 4%
Lessthanhalfyear 3% 75% 20% 6%
Onemonthorless 1% 76% 14% 10%
ThosewhowereinKG2in2016-17,wenttoschoolfor:
KG2Enrollment byGovernorate,UrbanandRural
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total Urban Rural
WhattypeofKGprovider?TypeofKG Urban Rural Total
Government 24% 50% 37%Not-Government 76% 50% 63%
Whichincludes:Private 61% 38% 49%NGO 11% 9% 10%Culturalplacesandclubs 3% 1% 2%Homebased 0% 1% 1%UNRWA 1% 0% 0%
Note:Thisisparentreport
FeesPaidbyFamilies
0%
25%
50%
Free 1-10JDs 11-20JDs 21-30JDs 31-40JDs 41-50JDs >50JDs
Rural
Urban
Percentages offamiliespayingdifferentamountspermonthforKG2,
Urban/Rural
WhydidparentschoosetheKGthattheydid?
Figure11:PercentageofparentsreportingreasonsforchoosingaKG
Goodeducationquality 34%Closetohome 26%Neighbors,relatives,orfamilymembersrecommendedit 11%Free 9%Religiousvalues 9%Nootheravailablechoices 6%Inexpensive 5%SchoolinghoursattheKG 1%Providedservicesforchildrenwithdisabilities 0%
WhoDidNotAttendKG?Why?OfthosewhodidnotattendKG2in2016-17:
55% Areinurban areas45% Areinrural areas
Overall Urban Rural
Ifitisfree 35% 41% 28%
Ifitisclosetohome 21% 15% 28%
Ifitisinexpensive 11% 13% 9%
Ifitprovidesbetterqualityservices 10% 10% 13%
*Numerousotherreasonsweregivenbylessthan5%ofrespondents.
“Whatwouldhaveencouragedyoutoenrollyourchild?”
Implications• TheenrolmentrateinKG2ismuchhigherthanofficialstatisticssuggest,duetounrecognizedprivateandcivilsocietyprovision
• Unregulatedsupply(ofunknownquality)ismeetinghighdemandfromparents,especiallyinurbanareas
• Fortheremaining14%ofunenrolledchildren,costandproximityaretheprimarybarrierstoentry– especiallyforSyrians
NextSteps
• Qualitativeprofilesofthevarioustypesofproviders
• Deeperexaminationofbarriersforvulnerablefamilies
• Policydialogueonintersectionandpartnershipofpublicandprivate
ThankYou!ManarShukri
[email protected]@rti.org
ThestudyismadepossiblethroughaclosecollaborationamongtheJordanMinistryofEducation,UNICEF,andtheUSAID/JordanReadingandMathProgram.WewishtoparticularlyacknowledgetheMinistryofEducation’sleadershipandongoingcontributionstothesuccessofthisstudy.