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India Wealth Report is an Initiative by Karvy Private Wealth.It is a comprehensive report which talks about the slice and dice of the magnitude of the wealth existing in India.
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For Private Circulation OnlySeptember 2010
KARVY PRIVATE WEALTH’S
INDIA WEALTH REPORT
Where do Indian Individuals Invest their Wealth? Key Trends.
ForewordIn this “India Wealth Report” brought out by Karvy Private Wealth, we attempt to go deeper into the “India Rising” story,
and try to unravel as to how the high GDP growth rate and savings rate manifest themselves as wealth for the Indian
Individuals. Wealth in India is a relatively nascent concept, since so far, the quantum of cumulatively collected savings was
never more than a blip on the world wealth radar. But the sheer math of high GDP growth rate, high savings rate and
increasing awareness of smart investment products is going to increase wealth in India manifold in the coming years. We
believe the wealth held by Individuals in India would double in the next 3 years.
We present this Report to Indian HNIs and emerging HNIs and invite you to understand the slice-and-dice of existing wealth
in India – across asset classes of equity, debt and alternatives; and then across instruments within each of these asset
classes. This should give you a quick idea of where Indian Individuals are investing their wealth and if there is some change
required in your portfolio.
We compare breakdown of Indian wealth with global wealth to possibly forecast which type of investments we are
under-invested in. We also forecast how this would change in the coming years. We clearly see the individuals in India
having a much larger exposure to the equity asset class and we also believe that Alternative Assets will be the fastest
growing “Asset Class” in the next few years in India. The key premise of many of these alternative assets is to have single
products serving multiple investment objectives. As long as we are clear about our multiple investment objectives and do
not follow the herd, we can identify smart alternative investment instruments to make us winners. As has been shown in
recent world economic events, we need not pick up all learnings on this from the West – but instead use our capabilities to
develop sharp-shooting alternative investment products in India to meet such objectives.
To have a more detailed discussion on any of the contents of this Report, please feel free to drop me a line. Happy reading
…Get More Out of Life.
Hrishikesh Parandekar
Chief Executive Officer
Karvy Private Wealth
Email: [email protected]
Hrishikesh Parandekar
— 3 —
C O N T E N T S
The Changing Face of India 5
Section 1: A Bird’s Eye-view of Global Wealth 7
Section 2: India Rising 8
Section 3: Break-up of India’s Individual Wealth Investment 9
3.1 Direct Equity 9
3.2 Mutual Funds 10
3.3 Insurance 11
3.4 Fixed Deposits & Bonds 12
3.5 Savings Bank Deposits 14
3.6 Small Savings 15
3.7 Provident Fund 16
3.8 Alternative Assets 17
3.9 Total Wealth in India 19
Section 4: Individual Wealth in India vis-a-vis the World 20
Section 5: The Future of India’s Wealth 21
5.1 Financial Household Savings 21
5.2 Forecast of Individual Wealth 21
5.3 Key Trends 23
About Karvy Private Wealth 25
— 3 —
C O N T E N T S
The Changing Face of India 5
Section 1: A Bird’s Eye-view of Global Wealth 7
Section 2: India Rising 8
Section 3: Break-up of India’s Individual Wealth Investment 9
3.1 Direct Equity 9
3.2 Mutual Funds 10
3.3 Insurance 11
3.4 Fixed Deposits & Bonds 12
3.5 Savings Bank Deposits 14
3.6 Small Savings 15
3.7 Provident Fund 16
3.8 Alternative Assets 17
3.9 Total Wealth in India 19
Section 4: Individual Wealth in India vis-a-vis the World 20
Section 5: The Future of India’s Wealth 21
5.1 Financial Household Savings 21
5.2 Forecast of Individual Wealth 21
5.3 Key Trends 23
About Karvy Private Wealth 25
List of Tables
Table 1: Asset-wise break-up of Individual Wealth in India 5
Table 2: Classification of Individual Wealth in India according to Key Asset Classes 6
Table 3: Classification of World Wealth according to Asset Class 7
Table 4: Overall Direct Equity break-up 9
Table 5: Break-up of Mutual Funds by Underlying Investment 10
Table 6: Assets in Insurance 11
Table 7: Assets of Individuals in Fixed Deposits and Bonds 12
Table 8: Distribution of Fixed Deposits 13
Table 9: Assets in Bonds 13
Table 10: Savings Bank Deposits 14
Table 11: Small Savings 15
Table 12: Provident Fund 16
Table 13: Alternative Assets 18
Table 14: Comparison of Global & Indian Individual Wealth according to Asset Class 20
Table 15: Financial Household Savings Projection 21
Table 16: Individual Wealth Forecast 23
Table 17: Forecast of Individual Wealth in India according to Key Asset Classes 23
— 5 —— 4 —
1 HNIs are defined as those having an investable asset of US$ 1 million or more, excluding primary residence, collectibles, consumables
and consumer durables.
2 World Wealth Report 2010, Page 5, figure 2. Capgemini-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management.
3 Karvy Private Wealth Research
The Changing Face of India
The outlook of the world towards India is fast changing. Gone are the days when India was considered an under developed country.
The nation as a whole has undergone a total face-lift with regard to its economy and financial growth. It is now considered as one
of the fastest growing economies. This report talks about the amount of wealth available with Individuals in India and its break-up
across various asset classes.
Estimated Individual Wealth in the World
The total estimated global wealth in financial assets with High Net Worth Individuals (HNIs)1 at the end of December 2009 was
US$ 39 trillion2.
Estimated Individual Wealth in India
The amount of overall wealth in India has been calculated on the basis of the sum of all investment assets. For the purpose of this
report only, the investments with individuals have been considered and does not include Government and Insitutional holdings.
The total wealth in India held by individuals is estimated to be ` 73 lac crores3. The detailed break-up is as follows:
In this report, we have considered only the financial assets available to an Indian investor as shown the table above. Physical gold
and real estate, which are physical assets have not been considered.
Asset Amount (in ` Crore) Percentage
Direct Equity 22,73,043 31.1%
Fixed Deposits & Bonds 22,16,307 30.3%
Insurance 10,46,145 14.3%
Savings Bank Deposits 6,75,134 9.2%
Small Savings 5,19,162 7.1%
Provident Fund 2,81,559 3.9%
Mutual Funds 2,77,953 3.8%
Alternative Assets 18,575 0.3%
Total 73,07,878 100%
Table 1: Asset-wise break-up of Individual Wealth in India
List of Tables
Table 1: Asset-wise break-up of Individual Wealth in India 5
Table 2: Classification of Individual Wealth in India according to Key Asset Classes 6
Table 3: Classification of World Wealth according to Asset Class 7
Table 4: Overall Direct Equity break-up 9
Table 5: Break-up of Mutual Funds by Underlying Investment 10
Table 6: Assets in Insurance 11
Table 7: Assets of Individuals in Fixed Deposits and Bonds 12
Table 8: Distribution of Fixed Deposits 13
Table 9: Assets in Bonds 13
Table 10: Savings Bank Deposits 14
Table 11: Small Savings 15
Table 12: Provident Fund 16
Table 13: Alternative Assets 18
Table 14: Comparison of Global & Indian Individual Wealth according to Asset Class 20
Table 15: Financial Household Savings Projection 21
Table 16: Individual Wealth Forecast 23
Table 17: Forecast of Individual Wealth in India according to Key Asset Classes 23
— 5 —— 4 —
1 HNIs are defined as those having an investable asset of US$ 1 million or more, excluding primary residence, collectibles, consumables
and consumer durables.
2 World Wealth Report 2010, Page 5, figure 2. Capgemini-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management.
3 Karvy Private Wealth Research
The Changing Face of India
The outlook of the world towards India is fast changing. Gone are the days when India was considered an under developed country.
The nation as a whole has undergone a total face-lift with regard to its economy and financial growth. It is now considered as one
of the fastest growing economies. This report talks about the amount of wealth available with Individuals in India and its break-up
across various asset classes.
Estimated Individual Wealth in the World
The total estimated global wealth in financial assets with High Net Worth Individuals (HNIs)1 at the end of December 2009 was
US$ 39 trillion2.
Estimated Individual Wealth in India
The amount of overall wealth in India has been calculated on the basis of the sum of all investment assets. For the purpose of this
report only, the investments with individuals have been considered and does not include Government and Insitutional holdings.
The total wealth in India held by individuals is estimated to be ` 73 lac crores3. The detailed break-up is as follows:
In this report, we have considered only the financial assets available to an Indian investor as shown the table above. Physical gold
and real estate, which are physical assets have not been considered.
Asset Amount (in ` Crore) Percentage
Direct Equity 22,73,043 31.1%
Fixed Deposits & Bonds 22,16,307 30.3%
Insurance 10,46,145 14.3%
Savings Bank Deposits 6,75,134 9.2%
Small Savings 5,19,162 7.1%
Provident Fund 2,81,559 3.9%
Mutual Funds 2,77,953 3.8%
Alternative Assets 18,575 0.3%
Total 73,07,878 100%
Table 1: Asset-wise break-up of Individual Wealth in India
— 7 —— 6 —
If we broadly consider the key asset classes, the same Individual Wealth in India stands as:
Comparing this with how globally investors invest their wealth, it may be observed that globally, approximately 58% of Individual
Wealth is in Debt investments, 35% in Equity and 7% in Alternative Assets.
In India, Debt instruments are popular with the investors due to our traditional saving and risk-averse behaviour. But over the
last few years investors have started viewing Equities as a good investment option, forming 33.9% of Individual Wealth.
Investment in Alternative Assets is still at a nascent stage; therefore it comprises only 0.3% of total Individual Wealth but over
the years it is expected to increase.
We expect that the wealth in India held by individuals will almost double over the next 3 years and we are looking at
the Individual Wealth in India to grow from the present ` 73 lac crore to ` 144 lac crore by 2012-13.
The individual HNI wealth across the globe is estimated to grow from US$ 39 trillion in 2009 to US$ 48.5 trillion by 20134
at a
growth rate of 5.6%. Hence it may be observed that the Individual Wealth in India which is estimated to grow at 25% compounded
rate will grow at more than four times the world rate.
A large young educated population, which is open to investing their savings in different financial assets backed by a promising
GDP growth rate will be the major contributor to this growth. We expect a much larger exposure towards the Equity asset class
and believe that Alternative Assets will be the fastest growing Asset Class in the next few years in India.
4 World Wealth Report 2009, Page 4. Capgemini-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management.
Section 1: A Bird’s Eye-view of Global Wealth
The total estimated global wealth with HNIs at the end of 2009 was US$ 39 trillion. This figure is almost same as the US $40.75
trillion at the end of 2007 i.e. before the global recession. Most of the wealth was concentrated in North-America, US$ 10.7 trillion
to be exact. The Asia-Pacific region accounts for US$ 9.76 trillion.
Classification of World Wealth according to Asset Class
The total estimated global wealth in the key financial assets with HNIs at the end of 2009
is shown below:
The above table does not include Real Estate which is included in the total estimated US$ 39 trillion. With the global economy
having recouped and gained significant ground, in 2009 we have seen the Asia-Pacific region leading the world with a 30.9%
increase in wealth as compared to global wealth which increased by 18.98%.
5, 6 and 8 World Wealth Report 2010, Page 5, figure 2. Capgemini-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management.
7 World Wealth Report 2010, Page 17, figure 8. Capgemini-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management.
Table 3: Classification of World Wealth according to Asset Class7
Name of Asset Amount (in US $ Trillion) Percentage of Wealth
Equities 11.2 35%
Debt 18.5 58%
Alternative Assets 2.3 7%
Name of Asset Amount (in ` Crore) Percentage
Equities 24,76,626 33.9%
Debt 48,12,677 65.8%
Alternative Assets 18,575 0.3%
Total 73,07,878 100%
Table 2: Classification of Individual Wealth in India according to Key Asset Classes
— 7 —— 6 —
If we broadly consider the key asset classes, the same Individual Wealth in India stands as:
Comparing this with how globally investors invest their wealth, it may be observed that globally, approximately 58% of Individual
Wealth is in Debt investments, 35% in Equity and 7% in Alternative Assets.
In India, Debt instruments are popular with the investors due to our traditional saving and risk-averse behaviour. But over the
last few years investors have started viewing Equities as a good investment option, forming 33.9% of Individual Wealth.
Investment in Alternative Assets is still at a nascent stage; therefore it comprises only 0.3% of total Individual Wealth but over
the years it is expected to increase.
We expect that the wealth in India held by individuals will almost double over the next 3 years and we are looking at
the Individual Wealth in India to grow from the present ` 73 lac crore to ` 144 lac crore by 2012-13.
The individual HNI wealth across the globe is estimated to grow from US$ 39 trillion in 2009 to US$ 48.5 trillion by 20134
at a
growth rate of 5.6%. Hence it may be observed that the Individual Wealth in India which is estimated to grow at 25% compounded
rate will grow at more than four times the world rate.
A large young educated population, which is open to investing their savings in different financial assets backed by a promising
GDP growth rate will be the major contributor to this growth. We expect a much larger exposure towards the Equity asset class
and believe that Alternative Assets will be the fastest growing Asset Class in the next few years in India.
4 World Wealth Report 2009, Page 4. Capgemini-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management.
Section 1: A Bird’s Eye-view of Global Wealth
The total estimated global wealth with HNIs at the end of 2009 was US$ 39 trillion. This figure is almost same as the US $40.75
trillion at the end of 2007 i.e. before the global recession. Most of the wealth was concentrated in North-America, US$ 10.7 trillion
to be exact. The Asia-Pacific region accounts for US$ 9.76 trillion.
Classification of World Wealth according to Asset Class
The total estimated global wealth in the key financial assets with HNIs at the end of 2009
is shown below:
The above table does not include Real Estate which is included in the total estimated US$ 39 trillion. With the global economy
having recouped and gained significant ground, in 2009 we have seen the Asia-Pacific region leading the world with a 30.9%
increase in wealth as compared to global wealth which increased by 18.98%.
5, 6 and 8 World Wealth Report 2010, Page 5, figure 2. Capgemini-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management.
7 World Wealth Report 2010, Page 17, figure 8. Capgemini-Merrill Lynch Wealth Management.
Table 3: Classification of World Wealth according to Asset Class7
Name of Asset Amount (in US $ Trillion) Percentage of Wealth
Equities 11.2 35%
Debt 18.5 58%
Alternative Assets 2.3 7%
Name of Asset Amount (in ` Crore) Percentage
Equities 24,76,626 33.9%
Debt 48,12,677 65.8%
Alternative Assets 18,575 0.3%
Total 73,07,878 100%
Table 2: Classification of Individual Wealth in India according to Key Asset Classes
Section 2: India Rising
The economy of India is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal value and fourth largest on Purchasing Power Parity
(PPP) basis.
Till 1990, there existed industrial licensing regime in India under which license was required for starting new companies, for
producing new products, expanding productive capacity, laying off workers or for shutting down. Import of consumer goods,
particularly luxuries, was restricted by means of high tariffs and low quotas or banning some items altogether. In 1991, India took
a big leap away from the socialist protectionism in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The
government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the
private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government in business.
With the liberalization of its economy, India witnessed tremendous economic
growth. Between 2000 and 2005 India’s GDP grew at 6-8% annually. In
2006-07 the growth rate was 9.7%. The GDP for 2007-08 was 9.2%. This figure
fell to 6.7% for the year 2008-09. The main reason for this fall was the global
economic downturn that began in the industrialized nations of the world in
2007.
In 2009–10, besides the global recession, factors such as sub-normal monsoon
also contributed to the declining economy. In spite of all these negative factors, the economy, posted a remarkable comeback and
the GDP growth rate for 2009-10 stands at 7.2%9. The estimated GDP growth rate for 2010-11 is 8.5%10.
For the purpose of this Report we are considering only Individual Wealth and it does not include Institutional and
Government holdings. The total wealth in India has been found as a sum of investments across the different asset classes available
in the market.
The following financial assets have been considered as part of wealth, whereas physical assets such as gold and real estate have
been excluded.
• Direct Equity • Mutual Funds • Insurance • Fixed Deposits & Bonds
• Saving Bank Deposits • Small Savings • Provident Fund • Alternative Assets
9 Economic Survey of India 2009-10
10 PMEAC
— 9 —— 8 —
Section 3: Break-up of India’s Individual Wealth Investment
The estimated total Individual Wealth in India stands at ` 73 lac crores. It is derived from the sum of all the asset
classes, which are majorly classified into Equities, Debt and Alternative Assets. As our Report estimates Individual
Wealth in India, we will further divide these assets based on the investment instruments available in India.
3.1 Direct Equity
Indians have conventionally invested in low risk assets but this behaviour is gradually changing with the economic
boom and people experiencing higher returns in Direct Equities. The market capitalization value of Direct Equity
changes according to the movements of the stock market. The overall amount invested in Direct Equities as on
31st March, 2010 is ` 60 lac crores.
However for the purpose of this Report on Individual Wealth we have only considered:
a. Promoter and Promoter Group – We have only considered the portion with Individuals/HUF, Bodies Corporate and
Any Other (Trust/Partnership, etc) sections. We have not considered
Government holdings as promoter in the report.
b. Public Shareholding – We have considered only the
percentage of Individuals in this section.
Thus the portion of total Individual Wealth invested in Direct Equity comes to ` 22.7 lac crores which is 31.1% of
the Overall Individual Wealth in India. It is the highest contributor of all of the asset classes. We also see Direct
Equity to continue to grow and form a more prominent share of Individual Wealth in the years to come.
Investor type % of Market Cap Amount(in ` Crore)
Promoter Holdings 28.1% 16,89,755
Institutions / FII / QIBs 62.2% 37,36,130
Retail Investors 9.7% 5,83,288
Total 100% 60,09,173
Table 4: Overall Direct Equity Break-up
Section 2: India Rising
The economy of India is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal value and fourth largest on Purchasing Power Parity
(PPP) basis.
Till 1990, there existed industrial licensing regime in India under which license was required for starting new companies, for
producing new products, expanding productive capacity, laying off workers or for shutting down. Import of consumer goods,
particularly luxuries, was restricted by means of high tariffs and low quotas or banning some items altogether. In 1991, India took
a big leap away from the socialist protectionism in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The
government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the
private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government in business.
With the liberalization of its economy, India witnessed tremendous economic
growth. Between 2000 and 2005 India’s GDP grew at 6-8% annually. In
2006-07 the growth rate was 9.7%. The GDP for 2007-08 was 9.2%. This figure
fell to 6.7% for the year 2008-09. The main reason for this fall was the global
economic downturn that began in the industrialized nations of the world in
2007.
In 2009–10, besides the global recession, factors such as sub-normal monsoon
also contributed to the declining economy. In spite of all these negative factors, the economy, posted a remarkable comeback and
the GDP growth rate for 2009-10 stands at 7.2%9. The estimated GDP growth rate for 2010-11 is 8.5%10.
For the purpose of this Report we are considering only Individual Wealth and it does not include Institutional and
Government holdings. The total wealth in India has been found as a sum of investments across the different asset classes available
in the market.
The following financial assets have been considered as part of wealth, whereas physical assets such as gold and real estate have
been excluded.
• Direct Equity • Mutual Funds • Insurance • Fixed Deposits & Bonds
• Saving Bank Deposits • Small Savings • Provident Fund • Alternative Assets
9 Economic Survey of India 2009-10
10 PMEAC
— 9 —— 8 —
Section 3: Break-up of India’s Individual Wealth Investment
The estimated total Individual Wealth in India stands at ` 73 lac crores. It is derived from the sum of all the asset
classes, which are majorly classified into Equities, Debt and Alternative Assets. As our Report estimates Individual
Wealth in India, we will further divide these assets based on the investment instruments available in India.
3.1 Direct Equity
Indians have conventionally invested in low risk assets but this behaviour is gradually changing with the economic
boom and people experiencing higher returns in Direct Equities. The market capitalization value of Direct Equity
changes according to the movements of the stock market. The overall amount invested in Direct Equities as on
31st March, 2010 is ` 60 lac crores.
However for the purpose of this Report on Individual Wealth we have only considered:
a. Promoter and Promoter Group – We have only considered the portion with Individuals/HUF, Bodies Corporate and
Any Other (Trust/Partnership, etc) sections. We have not considered
Government holdings as promoter in the report.
b. Public Shareholding – We have considered only the
percentage of Individuals in this section.
Thus the portion of total Individual Wealth invested in Direct Equity comes to ` 22.7 lac crores which is 31.1% of
the Overall Individual Wealth in India. It is the highest contributor of all of the asset classes. We also see Direct
Equity to continue to grow and form a more prominent share of Individual Wealth in the years to come.
b. Public Shareholding – We have considered only the
Investor type % of Market Cap Amount(in ` Crore)
Promoter Holdings 28.1% 16,89,755
Institutions / FII / QIBs 62.2% 37,36,130
Retail Investors 9.7% 5,83,288
Total 100% 60,09,173
Table 4: Overall Direct Equity Break-up
— 11 —— 10 —
3.2 Mutual Funds
The Mutual Fund industry has seen a steady growth over the years. The Assets Under Management (AUM) for Mutual Funds has
increased from approximately ̀ 1 lac crore in 2003 to ̀ 6.14 lac crore as on March, 2010. The growth of the AUM can be seen in the graph
below (figure 1).
The total AUM for Mutual Funds as on March 31, 2010 is ` 6.14 lac crores. However, for the purpose of this report, only the HNI and retail
investments have been considered and corporate and institutional investments have been removed from this asset pool.
The total wealth from Mutual Funds with individual investors is ` 2.77 lac crores. This indicates that of the total AUM, 45% is held by
individuals and the remaining amount by corporates and institutional investors. The bifurcation of the total Individual Wealth invested
in Mutual Funds is as follows11
:
The AUM of Mutual Funds contributes 3.8% towards the overall Individual Wealth. The percentage of individuals that
invest in Mutual Funds is low when compared to the other asset classes, however we see greater investments in Mutual Funds in
the coming years.
Figure 1: Break-up of Mutual Funds
Equity
Gold
Debt0.4%
32.8%
66.8%
11 Source – AMFI
Figure 1: Growth in AUM of Mutual Funds
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
` in
Cro
res
March03
March04
March05
March06
March07
March08
March09
March10
Years
Table 5: Break-up of Mutual Funds by Underlying Investment
Asset Class Amount (in ` Crore)
Equity 1,85,817
Debt 91,144
Gold 992
Total 2,77,953
3.3 Insurance
In this section of the report we shall address wealth in Life Insurance, Pension Funds And Employees’ Deposit
Linked Insurance Fund12
. The total AUM for this is ` 10.46 lac crores. Table 6 provides us with the amount of wealth
in each of the sub categories under insurance.
A major portion of this ‘asset class’ comprises Life Insurance. This can be divided into public sector insurers and
private sector insurers. Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is the only player in the public sector, whereas the
private sector comprises more than 20 companies. The total of both these sectors will give us the total amount
invested in Life Insurance in India.
Only 29% is invested in the private sector, whereas 71% of the
AUM of Life Insurance is with LIC of India. The reason for this
can be that LIC of India has been around for more than
5 decades. The private players followed much later starting
from year 2000.
The Assets in Insurance account for 14.32% of the total Individual Wealth in India. This comes third only to
Equity and Fixed deposits in terms of preferred investment instruments. This proves that investors ensure that the
investable surplus they have is utilized not only to increase their wealth but also to safeguard themselves and
their families.
Of the total amount that individual investors have put into Insurance, ` 1.77 lac crore (approx.) is invested in the
Equity markets through Unit Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs)16
.
Figure 3: Composition of Insurance Asset
Employees’ Pension Fund
Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Fund
Life Insurance
89.9%
9.4% 0.7%
12 All establishments with at least 10 full-time permanent employees and to whom the Employee's Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 applies, have a statutory
liability to subscribe to Employee's Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (EDLI), 1976 to provide for Life Insurance for all their employees. The organization has to make a contribution
@ 0.51% of each employee's wages (Basic + Dearness Allowance + Retaining Allowance), subject to a maximum of ` 6,500 per month, to the Provident Fund Authorities as part of
its compliance to the Act. The death benefit payable under this scheme is based on the provident fund account balance of the individual member, subject to a maximum
of ` 60,000/.
13 IRDA Annual Report 2008-09 ; 14 and 15 - 56th Annual Report, 2008-09 Employees’ Provident Fund Organization ; 16- Outlook Money, 5th May 2010.
Types of Insurance Amount (in ` Crore)
Life Insurance 9,40,44513
Employees’ Pension Fund 98,24214
Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Fund 7,45815
Total 10,46,145
Table 6: Assets in Insurance
— 11 —— 10 —
3.2 Mutual Funds
The Mutual Fund industry has seen a steady growth over the years. The Assets Under Management (AUM) for Mutual Funds has
increased from approximately ̀ 1 lac crore in 2003 to ̀ 6.14 lac crore as on March, 2010. The growth of the AUM can be seen in the graph
below (figure 1).
The total AUM for Mutual Funds as on March 31, 2010 is ` 6.14 lac crores. However, for the purpose of this report, only the HNI and retail
investments have been considered and corporate and institutional investments have been removed from this asset pool.
The total wealth from Mutual Funds with individual investors is ` 2.77 lac crores. This indicates that of the total AUM, 45% is held by
individuals and the remaining amount by corporates and institutional investors. The bifurcation of the total Individual Wealth invested
in Mutual Funds is as follows11
:
The AUM of Mutual Funds contributes 3.8% towards the overall Individual Wealth. The percentage of individuals that
invest in Mutual Funds is low when compared to the other asset classes, however we see greater investments in Mutual Funds in
the coming years.
Figure 1: Break-up of Mutual Funds
Equity
Gold
Debt0.4%
32.8%
66.8%
11 Source – AMFI
Figure 1: Growth in AUM of Mutual Funds
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
` in
Cro
res
March03
March04
March05
March06
March07
March08
March09
March10
Years
Table 5: Break-up of Mutual Funds by Underlying Investment
Asset Class Amount (in ` Crore)
Equity 1,85,817
Debt 91,144
Gold 992
Total 2,77,953
3.3 Insurance
In this section of the report we shall address wealth in Life Insurance, Pension Funds And Employees’ Deposit
Linked Insurance Fund12
. The total AUM for this is ` 10.46 lac crores. Table 6 provides us with the amount of wealth
in each of the sub categories under insurance.
A major portion of this ‘asset class’ comprises Life Insurance. This can be divided into public sector insurers and
private sector insurers. Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is the only player in the public sector, whereas the
private sector comprises more than 20 companies. The total of both these sectors will give us the total amount
invested in Life Insurance in India.
Only 29% is invested in the private sector, whereas 71% of the
AUM of Life Insurance is with LIC of India. The reason for this
can be that LIC of India has been around for more than
5 decades. The private players followed much later starting
from year 2000.
The Assets in Insurance account for 14.32% of the total Individual Wealth in India. This comes third only to
Equity and Fixed deposits in terms of preferred investment instruments. This proves that investors ensure that the
investable surplus they have is utilized not only to increase their wealth but also to safeguard themselves and
their families.
Of the total amount that individual investors have put into Insurance, ` 1.77 lac crore (approx.) is invested in the
Equity markets through Unit Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs)16
.
Figure 3: Composition of Insurance Asset
Employees’ Pension Fund
Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Fund
Life Insurance
89.9%
9.4% 0.7%
12 All establishments with at least 10 full-time permanent employees and to whom the Employee's Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 applies, have a statutory
liability to subscribe to Employee's Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (EDLI), 1976 to provide for Life Insurance for all their employees. The organization has to make a contribution
@ 0.51% of each employee's wages (Basic + Dearness Allowance + Retaining Allowance), subject to a maximum of ` 6,500 per month, to the Provident Fund Authorities as part of
its compliance to the Act. The death benefit payable under this scheme is based on the provident fund account balance of the individual member, subject to a maximum
of ` 60,000/.
13 IRDA Annual Report 2008-09 ; 14 and 15 - 56th Annual Report, 2008-09 Employees’ Provident Fund Organization ; 16- Outlook Money, 5th May 2010.
Types of Insurance Amount (in ` Crore)
Life Insurance 9,40,44513
Employees’ Pension Fund 98,24214
Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Fund 7,45815
Total 10,46,145
Table 6: Assets in Insurance
— 13 —— 12 —
3.4 Fixed Deposits & Bonds
Traditionally Indian investors have invested in Fixed Deposits and it still comprises a major portion of asset allocation of
Individual Wealth.
The asset class of Fixed Deposits (FDs) and Bonds comprise:
A. Fixed Deposits
• Bank Fixed Deposits
• Corporate Fixed Deposits
• Fixed Deposits with Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)
• Fixed Deposits with Residuary Non-Banking Companies (RNBCs)
Bank Fixed Deposits include scheduled commercial and co-operative bank’s fixed deposits. The total assets for
Scheduled Commercial Bank FDs as on April, 2010 is ` 39.24 lac crores17
of which ` 20.23 lac crores are the Assets for
Scheduled Commercial Bank FDs held by individuals. The Assets for Scheduled Co-operative Bank FDs in 2007-08 is
` 48,585 crores18
of which ` 25,045 crores is the wealth held by individuals.
Corporate Fixed Deposits are similar to Bank Fixed Deposits except that they are offered by a company or a
corporate. The interest rate that these offer is higher than that of banks, at times double. According to estimates, the AUM
of Corporate Fixed Deposits is ` 60,000 crores. Many of the top companies belonging to reputed industrial houses like
Tata Motors, JaiPrakash Associates, Mahindra & Mahindra Finance, etc. and government organisations like HUDCO, LIC
Housing Finance, etc. are accepting deposits from public.
A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and is engaged in the
business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares/stocks/bonds/debentures/securities issued by government or local
authority or other securities of marketable nature, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit business, but does not
include any institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity,
sale/purchase/construction of immovable property. The AUM of Fixed Deposits with NBFCs is ̀ 14,802 crores19
of which ̀ 7,630
crores is held by individuals.
17, 18 and 19 Source – RBI
Residuary Non-Banking Companies (RNBCs) are companies which are non-banking institutions receiving deposits under any
scheme/arrangement in one lump sum/installments by way of contributions/subscriptions or by sale of units/certificates/other
instruments. The Assets in FDs with RNBCs is ` 97,082 crores.
Hence, the total wealth in Fixed Deposits in India is ` 41.45 lac crores. Of this, the amount with individuals is ` 22.13 lac crores.
Thus, we can say that 53.39% of total wealth in Fixed Deposits is with individual investors. The chart below shows a break-up of
FDs into the sources:
We can conclude that investors prefer Bank FDs over the other types of Fixed Deposits probably because Bank FDs are considered
to be more secure. Although Corporate FDs have a much higher rate of return, they are unsecured investments and come with a
greater level of risk.
Fixed Deposits account for 30.28% of the overall Individual Wealth in India. It is a high proportion as it is the 2nd most
preferred investment avenue after Direct Equities. The reason it accounts for such a high percentage towards the overall wealth is
its low-risk nature.
B. Bonds
• PSU Bonds (including Capital Gains Bonds)
• Corporate Bonds
In PSU Bonds, we have considered taxable as well as
tax-free bonds. The total AUM for PSU Bonds as on
31st March, 2009 is ` 49,005 crores. However, the
estimated Individual Wealth in PSU Bonds is
` 1,359 crores20
.
Figure 4: Distribution of Fixed Deposits
20 Source - RBI
Asset Amount (in ` Crore)
Fixed Deposits 22,13,023
Bonds 3,284
Total 22,16,307
Banks
NBFCs
RNBCs
Corporate Fixed Deposites
92%
1%4% 3%
Types of FDs Amount (in ` Crore)
Bank FDs 20,48,311
Corporate FDs 60,000
NBFC FDs 7,630
RNBC FDs 97,082
Total 22,13,023
Table 8: Distribution of Fixed Deposits
Table 7: Assets of Individuals in Fixed Deposits and Bonds
Bond Type Amount (in ` Crore) Percentage
PSU Bond 1,359 41%
Corporate Bond 1,925 59%
Total 3,284 100%
Table 9: Assets in Bonds
— 13 —— 12 —
3.4 Fixed Deposits & Bonds
Traditionally Indian investors have invested in Fixed Deposits and it still comprises a major portion of asset allocation of
Individual Wealth.
The asset class of Fixed Deposits (FDs) and Bonds comprise:
A. Fixed Deposits
• Bank Fixed Deposits
• Corporate Fixed Deposits
• Fixed Deposits with Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)
• Fixed Deposits with Residuary Non-Banking Companies (RNBCs)
Bank Fixed Deposits include scheduled commercial and co-operative bank’s fixed deposits. The total assets for
Scheduled Commercial Bank FDs as on April, 2010 is ` 39.24 lac crores17
of which ` 20.23 lac crores are the Assets for
Scheduled Commercial Bank FDs held by individuals. The Assets for Scheduled Co-operative Bank FDs in 2007-08 is
` 48,585 crores18
of which ` 25,045 crores is the wealth held by individuals.
Corporate Fixed Deposits are similar to Bank Fixed Deposits except that they are offered by a company or a
corporate. The interest rate that these offer is higher than that of banks, at times double. According to estimates, the AUM
of Corporate Fixed Deposits is ` 60,000 crores. Many of the top companies belonging to reputed industrial houses like
Tata Motors, JaiPrakash Associates, Mahindra & Mahindra Finance, etc. and government organisations like HUDCO, LIC
Housing Finance, etc. are accepting deposits from public.
A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and is engaged in the
business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares/stocks/bonds/debentures/securities issued by government or local
authority or other securities of marketable nature, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit business, but does not
include any institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity,
sale/purchase/construction of immovable property. The AUM of Fixed Deposits with NBFCs is ̀ 14,802 crores19
of which ̀ 7,630
crores is held by individuals.
17, 18 and 19 Source – RBI
Residuary Non-Banking Companies (RNBCs) are companies which are non-banking institutions receiving deposits under any
scheme/arrangement in one lump sum/installments by way of contributions/subscriptions or by sale of units/certificates/other
instruments. The Assets in FDs with RNBCs is ` 97,082 crores.
Hence, the total wealth in Fixed Deposits in India is ` 41.45 lac crores. Of this, the amount with individuals is ` 22.13 lac crores.
Thus, we can say that 53.39% of total wealth in Fixed Deposits is with individual investors. The chart below shows a break-up of
FDs into the sources:
We can conclude that investors prefer Bank FDs over the other types of Fixed Deposits probably because Bank FDs are considered
to be more secure. Although Corporate FDs have a much higher rate of return, they are unsecured investments and come with a
greater level of risk.
Fixed Deposits account for 30.28% of the overall Individual Wealth in India. It is a high proportion as it is the 2nd most
preferred investment avenue after Direct Equities. The reason it accounts for such a high percentage towards the overall wealth is
its low-risk nature.
B. Bonds
• PSU Bonds (including Capital Gains Bonds)
• Corporate Bonds
In PSU Bonds, we have considered taxable as well as
tax-free bonds. The total AUM for PSU Bonds as on
31st March, 2009 is ` 49,005 crores. However, the
estimated Individual Wealth in PSU Bonds is
` 1,359 crores20
.
Figure 4: Distribution of Fixed Deposits
20 Source - RBI
Asset Amount (in ` Crore)
Fixed Deposits 22,13,023
Bonds 3,284
Total 22,16,307
Banks
NBFCs
RNBCs
Corporate Fixed Deposites
92%
1%4% 3%
Types of FDs Amount (in ` Crore)
Bank FDs 20,48,311
Corporate FDs 60,000
NBFC FDs 7,630
RNBC FDs 97,082
Total 22,13,023
Table 8: Distribution of Fixed Deposits
Table 7: Assets of Individuals in Fixed Deposits and Bonds
Bond Type Amount (in ` Crore) Percentage
PSU Bond 1,359 41%
Corporate Bond 1,925 59%
Total 3,284 100%
Table 9: Assets in Bonds
— 15 —— 14 —
The total AUM for Corporate Bonds as on 31st March, 2010 is ` 3,750 crores21. This consists of individual and
institutional investors. Considering only individual investors, ` 1,925 crores is the total Individual Wealth in
Corporate Bonds.
From the above data, we conclude that total AUM in Bonds with the individuals is ` 3,284 crores. Thus, PSU Bonds
and Corporate Bonds account for a very minimal percentage of the total Individual Wealth in India (lower than 1%).
3.5 Savings Bank Deposits
The amount of investable surplus that investors have in a savings account with banks will be addressed in this
section. This can be further divided into the type of banks the deposits are with. These types include Scheduled
Commercial Banks and Scheduled Co-operative Banks.
Though the returns are less, it has been the favourite asset
of Indian individuals over the years as it is completely
risk-free and highly liquid. The Savings Bank Deposits
across India is worth ` 6.75 lac crores.
Savings Bank deposits with individuals account for
9.24% of the overall Individual Wealth in India.
21 AUM calculated is of the corporate bond issues which have come out for retail investors in 2009 and 2010.
22 Source – RBI
3.6 Small Savings
Small savings comprise savings made with the Post Office. They include instruments such as Post Office Time
Deposits, Post Office Recurring Deposits, Post Office Savings Accounts, Post Office Monthly Income Scheme, Kisan
Vikas Patra, and National Savings Certificate, etc. It is one of the most traditional forms of investment in India. The
total AUM of Small Savings as on 31st March, 2009 is ` 5.19 lac crores23
. Public Provident Fund in the Post Office
has not been considered here as it is being considered as a separate asset class under Provident Fund. Table 11
below lists the different post office small savings schemes and the amount of Individual Wealth in each of them as
on March 31st, 2009.
The Assets in Small Savings contributes 7.10% of the total estimated Individual Wealth in India. Small
savings are a popular choice amongst the smaller investors and are also extensively used by the rural population as
investment avenues.
23 Source - RBI
Table 10: Savings Bank Deposits22
Bank Type Amount (in ` Crore)
Scheduled Commercial Banks 6,70,895
Scheduled Co-operative Banks 4,239
Total 6,75,134
Table 11: Small Savings
Scheme Amount (in ` Crore)
Post Office Monthly Income Scheme 1,79,270
Kisan Vikas Patra 1,47,584
Post Office Recurring Deposits 64,822
National Savings Certificate (NSC) 55,455
Post Office Time Deposits 26,331
Post Office Savings Account 22,217
Senior Citizens’ Savings Scheme 20,612
Deposit scheme for Retiring Government 1,244
Employees 1989 / Retiring Employees of Public Sector
Indira Vikas Patra 1,072
National Savings Scheme 1992 555
Total 5,19,162
— 15 —— 14 —
The total AUM for Corporate Bonds as on 31st March, 2010 is ` 3,750 crores21. This consists of individual and
institutional investors. Considering only individual investors, ` 1,925 crores is the total Individual Wealth in
Corporate Bonds.
From the above data, we conclude that total AUM in Bonds with the individuals is ` 3,284 crores. Thus, PSU Bonds
and Corporate Bonds account for a very minimal percentage of the total Individual Wealth in India (lower than 1%).
3.5 Savings Bank Deposits
The amount of investable surplus that investors have in a savings account with banks will be addressed in this
section. This can be further divided into the type of banks the deposits are with. These types include Scheduled
Commercial Banks and Scheduled Co-operative Banks.
Though the returns are less, it has been the favourite asset
of Indian individuals over the years as it is completely
risk-free and highly liquid. The Savings Bank Deposits
across India is worth ` 6.75 lac crores.
Savings Bank deposits with individuals account for
9.24% of the overall Individual Wealth in India.
21 AUM calculated is of the corporate bond issues which have come out for retail investors in 2009 and 2010.
22 Source – RBI
3.6 Small Savings
Small savings comprise savings made with the Post Office. They include instruments such as Post Office Time
Deposits, Post Office Recurring Deposits, Post Office Savings Accounts, Post Office Monthly Income Scheme, Kisan
Vikas Patra, and National Savings Certificate, etc. It is one of the most traditional forms of investment in India. The
total AUM of Small Savings as on 31st March, 2009 is ` 5.19 lac crores23
. Public Provident Fund in the Post Office
has not been considered here as it is being considered as a separate asset class under Provident Fund. Table 11
below lists the different post office small savings schemes and the amount of Individual Wealth in each of them as
on March 31st, 2009.
The Assets in Small Savings contributes 7.10% of the total estimated Individual Wealth in India. Small
savings are a popular choice amongst the smaller investors and are also extensively used by the rural population as
investment avenues.
23 Source - RBI
Table 10: Savings Bank Deposits22
Bank Type Amount (in ` Crore)
Scheduled Commercial Banks 6,70,895
Scheduled Co-operative Banks 4,239
Total 6,75,134
Table 11: Small Savings
Scheme Amount (in ` Crore)
Post Office Monthly Income Scheme 1,79,270
Kisan Vikas Patra 1,47,584
Post Office Recurring Deposits 64,822
National Savings Certificate (NSC) 55,455
Post Office Time Deposits 26,331
Post Office Savings Account 22,217
Senior Citizens’ Savings Scheme 20,612
Deposit scheme for Retiring Government 1,244
Employees 1989 / Retiring Employees of Public Sector
Indira Vikas Patra 1,072
National Savings Scheme 1992 555
Total 5,19,162
— 17 —— 16 —
3.7 Provident Fund
Provident Fund (PF) is an investment-cum-tax savings instrument. It has been used traditionally as a
retirement planning tool by individual investors in India. It is an asset class which provides the investor with the
luxury of saving tax and also safeguarding their capital. Provident Fund can be divided into Employee Provident
Fund (EPF) and Public Provident Fund (PPF). EPF is a retirement benefit scheme that is available to salaried
employees. Both the employees and employer contribute to EPF as a percentage (12% in most cases) of the basic
wages, dearness and retaining allowance, which is remitted to the PF authorities. PPF is a voluntary yearly amount
that an individual deposits with Post Office (PPF with Post Office) or with Banks (PPF with Banks). Table 12 lists the
break-up of all types of PPF accounts.
The total assets in PF as on 31st March, 2009 is ` 2.81 lac crores. The amount of wealth in EPF is ` 2.11 lac crores.
The amount of wealth in PPF is ` 69,882 crores. One of the reasons for the difference in the AUMs of EPF and PPF
is that EPF is provided by all employers to their employees and is compulsory in most organizations. Whereas PPF
is an investment cum tax saving option that an investor can opt for. It is not compulsory to have a PPF account. As
only individuals can have a Provident Fund account, the entire amount is considered as the wealth with individuals.
When the Assets of PF are evaluated against the overall Individual Wealth in India, they account for 3.85%
of the overall wealth.
24 Source - EPFO25 Source - RBI
3.8 Alternative Assets
Investments which are considered outside the traditional asset classes like Equity, Mutual Funds, Saving and Fixed
Deposits, Insurance and other instruments covered earlier are known as alternative assets. These assets include
private equity/venture capital, structured products, real estate funds, art funds, film funds etc. These alternative
assets usually have a larger initial investment and hence not accessible to general investors.
A. Equity Linked Debentures
Equity–linked Debentures are instruments whose returns on investment are tied to the equity markets. These are comparatively
new in the Indian market and are of two types:
• Principal Protected, where the principal amount is fixed while the interest component is variable and linked to stock market
movements;
• Non-Principal Protected instruments are a riskier variant, where even the principal is linked to the market.
The total assets in ELDs as on 18th November, 2009 is ` 15,000 crores.
B. Private Equity Funds/Venture Capital
Starting and growing a business always requires capital. There are a number of alternative methods of raising funds. These include
the owner or proprietor’s own capital, arranging debt finance or seeking an equity partner, as is the case with Private Equity and
Venture Capital. Private Equity (PE) is a broad term that refers to any type of non-public ownership equity securities that are not
listed on a public exchange. Private Equity encompasses both early stage (venture capital) and later stage (buy-out, expansion)
investing.
The assets with PE Funds as of December, 2009 is ` 7,514 crores26
. Of this, the amount of wealth with individuals is ` 1,503 crores.
C. Real Estate Funds
Like Mutual Funds, Real Estate funds are founded by a group of real estate
professionals/experts to 'manage' property/real estate for the investor. Investors
get the benefit of diversification across cities and across property – Residential and
Commercial. The introduction of Real Estate Mutual Funds has further ensured
large-scale investments in the Indian real estate market.
As of now, the real estate window is open to high net worth individuals, institutional
investors and global investors. The total assets in Real Estate Funds is ` 6,753 crores27
. The total AUM of Real Estate Funds with
individuals is ` 1,351 crores.
26 and 27 Source - SEBI
Figure 5: Distribution of Provident Fund
8%17%
75%
EmployeeProvident Fund
Public Provident Fund with Post officePublic Provident Fund with Banks
Type of PF Amount (in ` Crore)
Employee Provident Fund 2,11,67724
PPF with Banks 47,124
PPF with Post Office 22,75825
Total 2,81,559
Table 12: Provident Fund
— 17 —— 16 —
3.7 Provident Fund
Provident Fund (PF) is an investment-cum-tax savings instrument. It has been used traditionally as a
retirement planning tool by individual investors in India. It is an asset class which provides the investor with the
luxury of saving tax and also safeguarding their capital. Provident Fund can be divided into Employee Provident
Fund (EPF) and Public Provident Fund (PPF). EPF is a retirement benefit scheme that is available to salaried
employees. Both the employees and employer contribute to EPF as a percentage (12% in most cases) of the basic
wages, dearness and retaining allowance, which is remitted to the PF authorities. PPF is a voluntary yearly amount
that an individual deposits with Post Office (PPF with Post Office) or with Banks (PPF with Banks). Table 12 lists the
break-up of all types of PPF accounts.
The total assets in PF as on 31st March, 2009 is ` 2.81 lac crores. The amount of wealth in EPF is ` 2.11 lac crores.
The amount of wealth in PPF is ` 69,882 crores. One of the reasons for the difference in the AUMs of EPF and PPF
is that EPF is provided by all employers to their employees and is compulsory in most organizations. Whereas PPF
is an investment cum tax saving option that an investor can opt for. It is not compulsory to have a PPF account. As
only individuals can have a Provident Fund account, the entire amount is considered as the wealth with individuals.
When the Assets of PF are evaluated against the overall Individual Wealth in India, they account for 3.85%
of the overall wealth.
24 Source - EPFO25 Source - RBI
3.8 Alternative Assets
Investments which are considered outside the traditional asset classes like Equity, Mutual Funds, Saving and Fixed
Deposits, Insurance and other instruments covered earlier are known as alternative assets. These assets include
private equity/venture capital, structured products, real estate funds, art funds, film funds etc. These alternative
assets usually have a larger initial investment and hence not accessible to general investors.
A. Equity Linked Debentures
Equity–linked Debentures are instruments whose returns on investment are tied to the equity markets. These are comparatively
new in the Indian market and are of two types:
• Principal Protected, where the principal amount is fixed while the interest component is variable and linked to stock market
movements;
• Non-Principal Protected instruments are a riskier variant, where even the principal is linked to the market.
The total assets in ELDs as on 18th November, 2009 is ` 15,000 crores.
B. Private Equity Funds/Venture Capital
Starting and growing a business always requires capital. There are a number of alternative methods of raising funds. These include
the owner or proprietor’s own capital, arranging debt finance or seeking an equity partner, as is the case with Private Equity and
Venture Capital. Private Equity (PE) is a broad term that refers to any type of non-public ownership equity securities that are not
listed on a public exchange. Private Equity encompasses both early stage (venture capital) and later stage (buy-out, expansion)
investing.
The assets with PE Funds as of December, 2009 is ` 7,514 crores26
. Of this, the amount of wealth with individuals is ` 1,503 crores.
C. Real Estate Funds
Like Mutual Funds, Real Estate funds are founded by a group of real estate
professionals/experts to 'manage' property/real estate for the investor. Investors
get the benefit of diversification across cities and across property – Residential and
Commercial. The introduction of Real Estate Mutual Funds has further ensured
large-scale investments in the Indian real estate market.
As of now, the real estate window is open to high net worth individuals, institutional
investors and global investors. The total assets in Real Estate Funds is ` 6,753 crores27
. The total AUM of Real Estate Funds with
individuals is ` 1,351 crores.
26 and 27 Source - SEBI
Figure 5: Distribution of Provident Fund
8%17%
75%
EmployeeProvident Fund
Public Provident Fund with Post officePublic Provident Fund with Banks
Type of PF Amount (in ` Crore)
Employee Provident Fund 2,11,67724
PPF with Banks 47,124
PPF with Post Office 22,75825
Total 2,81,559
Table 12: Provident Fund
D. Film Funds
Film Funds mobilize money to invest in movie productions/marketing. While not all films are successful, the payoffs from those
that are successful can be huge. The fund sets up Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to fund each film project. The revenues from
the film will flow directly into the SPV and will be re-distributed according to the ownership pattern. The filmmaker too will have
a stake in the SPV.
The total amount of wealth in Film Funds amounts to ` 965 crores28
. The assets in Film Funds, considered for the purpose of this
report, to be with individuals is ` 482 crores.
E. Art Funds
An Art Fund works much like a Mutual Fund, the difference being that the former invests in Art. The funds aim at investing in a
diversified portfolio of select works by leading artists and providing investors with the opportunity to profit from leveraging the
fund's pooled purchasing power. Art funds are a fairly recent phenomenon in India, and are cumulatively estimated to command
AUM of ` 239 crore under management.
Table 13 lists the break–up of the amount of wealth under each sub-category of Alternative Assets.
The total AUM in Alternative Assets is ` 18,575 crores. This asset
class is relatively new in India and as the initial investment is huge
and risk is fairly high, people are still reluctant to invest in it. But
this scenario is expected to change over the next decade as HNIs will
look for different options for portfolio diversification. We expect
investments in Alternative Assets to grow at a phenomenal rate of
100% over the next three years.
— 19 —— 18 —
3.9 Total Wealth in India
The total wealth in India is ` 73 lac crore and is invested across various asset classes, as described in the
previous sections.
As we have observed above, a major portion of the wealth in India is in Equity and Fixed Deposits. It collectively
accounts for 61% of the total share of wealth. The figure above illustrates in greater detail how the total wealth in
India is bifurcated into various assets.
28 Source - SEBI
Figure 6: Asset-wise distribution of Individual Wealth
Alternative Assets0.3%
Savings Deposit9.2%
Mutual Funds3.8%
Small Savings7.1%
Provident Fund3.9%
Insurance14.3%
Fixed Deposits & Bonds 30.3%
Direct Equity31.1%
Type of Asset AUM (in ` Crore)
Equity-linked Debentures 15,000
Private Equity/Venture Capital 1,503
Real Estate Funds 1,351
Film Funds 482
Art Funds 239
Total 18,575
Table 13: Alternative Assets
D. Film Funds
Film Funds mobilize money to invest in movie productions/marketing. While not all films are successful, the payoffs from those
that are successful can be huge. The fund sets up Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to fund each film project. The revenues from
the film will flow directly into the SPV and will be re-distributed according to the ownership pattern. The filmmaker too will have
a stake in the SPV.
The total amount of wealth in Film Funds amounts to ` 965 crores28
. The assets in Film Funds, considered for the purpose of this
report, to be with individuals is ` 482 crores.
E. Art Funds
An Art Fund works much like a Mutual Fund, the difference being that the former invests in Art. The funds aim at investing in a
diversified portfolio of select works by leading artists and providing investors with the opportunity to profit from leveraging the
fund's pooled purchasing power. Art funds are a fairly recent phenomenon in India, and are cumulatively estimated to command
AUM of ` 239 crore under management.
Table 13 lists the break–up of the amount of wealth under each sub-category of Alternative Assets.
The total AUM in Alternative Assets is ` 18,575 crores. This asset
class is relatively new in India and as the initial investment is huge
and risk is fairly high, people are still reluctant to invest in it. But
this scenario is expected to change over the next decade as HNIs will
look for different options for portfolio diversification. We expect
investments in Alternative Assets to grow at a phenomenal rate of
100% over the next three years.
— 19 —— 18 —
3.9 Total Wealth in India
The total wealth in India is ` 73 lac crore and is invested across various asset classes, as described in the
previous sections.
As we have observed above, a major portion of the wealth in India is in Equity and Fixed Deposits. It collectively
accounts for 61% of the total share of wealth. The figure above illustrates in greater detail how the total wealth in
India is bifurcated into various assets.
28 Source - SEBI
Figure 6: Asset-wise distribution of Individual Wealth
Alternative Assets0.3%
Savings Deposit9.2%
Mutual Funds3.8%
Small Savings7.1%
Provident Fund3.9%
Insurance14.3%
Fixed Deposits & Bonds 30.3%
Direct Equity31.1%
Type of Asset AUM (in ` Crore)
Equity-linked Debentures 15,000
Private Equity/Venture Capital 1,503
Real Estate Funds 1,351
Film Funds 482
Art Funds 239
Total 18,575
Table 13: Alternative Assets
— 21 —— 20 —
From the very beginning, Indians have been investing in Fixed Deposits, Insurance and depositing money in
Savings Deposits, therefore a major percentage of Individual Wealth goes in debt instruments. But in the past one
decade investment in equities has also been on a rise. This is due to an emerging robust Indian economy with a
good GDP growth rate and a promising growth ahead. Indian economy in the coming years will be driven by robust
domestic consumption, pick-up in exports and more market activity, thus boosting investor’s faith in the markets.
As India has a lot of young, working population risk appetite is fairly high. Alternative assets are relatively a new
asset class. However it has a huge potential and is expected to grow over the next decade. Over the next decade we
believe investments in Equity Instruments and Mutual Funds will also increase substantially.
Section 4: Individual Wealth in India vis-a-vis the World
Table 14: Comparison of Global & Indian Individual Wealth according to Asset Class
Name of Asset Percentage of Global Wealth Percentage of Indian Wealth
Equities 35% 33.9%
Debt 58% 65.8%
Alternative Assets 7% 0.3%
29 Source - PMEAC
As can be seen above, over the next three years investment of Household Savings in the form of financial assets
will gradually rise to about ` 16 lac crores in 2010-13 and will in turn contribute to the total Individual Wealth
in India.
5.2 Forecast of Individual Wealth
The robust and growing Indian economy backed by consistent GDP growth is ensuring that the wealth in India held
by individuals increases at a rapid pace. This is on account of both the existing investments held by individuals
growing with the economy as well as additional wealth invested by individual from the Financial Household
Savings on account of higher Household Savings.
Section 5: The Future of India’s Wealth
5.1 Financial Household Savings
Individuals in India generally have a habit of saving. Consistent GDP growth leads to an increase in Household
Savings, assuming that there is no radical change in consumption/savings pattern of Indian households. Our
Household Savings rates are amongst the highest in the world. As Household Savings shoot up, the Financial
Household Savings also increase.
The Financial Household Savings lead to an investment across various asset classes. Table 15 below lists the
projection for the Financial Household savings for the next three years.
GDP Growth Rate29
Estimated GDP (at current market prices) in ` Cr.
Household Savings (in ` Cr.)
Financial Household Saving (in ` Cr.)
2010-11
8.50%
73,56,946
16,92,098
10,49,101
2011-12
9.00%
88,20,979
20,28,825
12,98,448
2012-13
9.00%
1,05,76,354
24,32,561
16,05,490
Table 15: Financial Household Savings Projection
— 21 —— 20 —
From the very beginning, Indians have been investing in Fixed Deposits, Insurance and depositing money in
Savings Deposits, therefore a major percentage of Individual Wealth goes in debt instruments. But in the past one
decade investment in equities has also been on a rise. This is due to an emerging robust Indian economy with a
good GDP growth rate and a promising growth ahead. Indian economy in the coming years will be driven by robust
domestic consumption, pick-up in exports and more market activity, thus boosting investor’s faith in the markets.
As India has a lot of young, working population risk appetite is fairly high. Alternative assets are relatively a new
asset class. However it has a huge potential and is expected to grow over the next decade. Over the next decade we
believe investments in Equity Instruments and Mutual Funds will also increase substantially.
Section 4: Individual Wealth in India vis-a-vis the World
Table 14: Comparison of Global & Indian Individual Wealth according to Asset Class
Name of Asset Percentage of Global Wealth Percentage of Indian Wealth
Equities 35% 33.9%
Debt 58% 65.8%
Alternative Assets 7% 0.3%
29 Source - PMEAC
As can be seen above, over the next three years investment of Household Savings in the form of financial assets
will gradually rise to about ` 16 lac crores in 2010-13 and will in turn contribute to the total Individual Wealth
in India.
5.2 Forecast of Individual Wealth
The robust and growing Indian economy backed by consistent GDP growth is ensuring that the wealth in India held
by individuals increases at a rapid pace. This is on account of both the existing investments held by individuals
growing with the economy as well as additional wealth invested by individual from the Financial Household
Savings on account of higher Household Savings.
Section 5: The Future of India’s Wealth
5.1 Financial Household Savings
Individuals in India generally have a habit of saving. Consistent GDP growth leads to an increase in Household
Savings, assuming that there is no radical change in consumption/savings pattern of Indian households. Our
Household Savings rates are amongst the highest in the world. As Household Savings shoot up, the Financial
Household Savings also increase.
The Financial Household Savings lead to an investment across various asset classes. Table 15 below lists the
projection for the Financial Household savings for the next three years.
GDP Growth Rate29
Estimated GDP (at current market prices) in ` Cr.
Household Savings (in ` Cr.)
Financial Household Saving (in ` Cr.)
2010-11
8.50%
73,56,946
16,92,098
10,49,101
2011-12
9.00%
88,20,979
20,28,825
12,98,448
2012-13
9.00%
1,05,76,354
24,32,561
16,05,490
Table 15: Financial Household Savings Projection
— 22 —
As can be seen in table 16 above, we estimate the Individual Wealth in India to almost double from the
existing ` 73 lac crore to `144 lac crores by 2012-13 at a compounded annual growth rate of 25%.
5.3 Key Trends
We see a shift in the way Individual Wealth in India will be invested across asset classes by 2012-13. This is due to
various factors such as a promising GDP growth rate, better understanding of newer & better investment avenues,
better financial literacy and a large young educated population.
As can be seen in Table 17, we see a shift towards the Equity based asset classes which will form 42.9% of Individual
Wealth by 2012-13. Apart from the traditional direct equity, where Individual Wealth will also grow along with the
growth of high growth sectors such as infrastructure, capital goods, banking, pharmaceutical & healthcare, we see
Exchange Traded Funds becoming extremely popular and forming a part of an individual’s portfolio.
30 Based on Karvy Private Wealth’s propreitory “Asset Return Model”
31 Financial Household Saving as estimated in Table 15
Table 16: Individual Wealth Forecast
(in ` Crores) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Individual Wealth - Beginning of the Year 73,07,878 91,60,011 1,14,95,116
Return Generated on Invested Wealth30
8,03,032 10,36,658 13,39,928
Financial Household Saving31
to be invested 10,49,101 12,98,448 16,05,490
Total Individual Wealth - End of the Year 91,60,011 1,14,95,116 1,44,40,534
— 23 —
Table 17: Forecast of Individual Wealth in India according to Key Asset Classes
Name of Asset Class 2009-10 2012-13
Equities 33.9% 42.9%
Debt 65.8% 56.1%
Alternative Assets 0.3% 1.0%
— 22 —
As can be seen in table 16 above, we estimate the Individual Wealth in India to almost double from the
existing ` 73 lac crore to `144 lac crores by 2012-13 at a compounded annual growth rate of 25%.
5.3 Key Trends
We see a shift in the way Individual Wealth in India will be invested across asset classes by 2012-13. This is due to
various factors such as a promising GDP growth rate, better understanding of newer & better investment avenues,
better financial literacy and a large young educated population.
As can be seen in Table 17, we see a shift towards the Equity based asset classes which will form 42.9% of Individual
Wealth by 2012-13. Apart from the traditional direct equity, where Individual Wealth will also grow along with the
growth of high growth sectors such as infrastructure, capital goods, banking, pharmaceutical & healthcare, we see
Exchange Traded Funds becoming extremely popular and forming a part of an individual’s portfolio.
30 Based on Karvy Private Wealth’s propreitory “Asset Return Model”
31 Financial Household Saving as estimated in Table 15
Table 16: Individual Wealth Forecast
(in ` Crores) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Individual Wealth - Beginning of the Year 73,07,878 91,60,011 1,14,95,116
Return Generated on Invested Wealth30
8,03,032 10,36,658 13,39,928
Financial Household Saving31
to be invested 10,49,101 12,98,448 16,05,490
Total Individual Wealth - End of the Year 91,60,011 1,14,95,116 1,44,40,534
— 23 —
Table 17: Forecast of Individual Wealth in India according to Key Asset Classes
Name of Asset Class 2009-10 2012-13
Equities 33.9% 42.9%
Debt 65.8% 56.1%
Alternative Assets 0.3% 1.0%
— 24 —
While the investments in Debt asset class instruments would increase by 20% YOY in volume terms its overall
proportion would reduce from the present 65.8% of Individual Wealth in India to 56.1% in 2012-13. Individuals would
broadly continue to invest in the same debt instruments as they presently invest in, although the growth in small
savings will be limited. We do not see futuristic products such as Inflation linked bonds getting popular in the next
3 years.
We believe that individuals in India are under-invested in Alternative Assets. With just 0.3% of our wealth presently
in Alternative Assets as compared to 7% globally, we believe this will be a huge area of investments in the next
decade. We see Private Equity Funds, Real Estate (Real Estate Funds & Real Estate Investment Trusts) and
International investments becoming extremely popular among the HNIs. However we do not see Hedge funds
becoming a popular option in the next 2-3 years.
— 25 —
About Karvy Private Wealth
Founded in 1985, the KARVY Group has grown to be become one of the leading financial groups in India. Our wide network spans
more than 800 offices across India, Dubai and New York. The group operates multiple businesses – stock broking, IPO
marketing, registry and transfer of shares, depository participants, insurance broking, mutual fund distribution and commodity
broking – and is ranked among the top five in each of these businesses.
All this has been built upon the Group’s unwavering commitment to integrity and transparency in all its dealings – a fact all our
customers attest to. Out of this very culture of success has emerged Karvy Private Wealth, the wealth management arm of the
KARVY Group. Karvy Private Wealth focuses on providing Wealth management advisory services to High Net worth Individuals
and Business Families. Karvy Private Wealth provides a spectrum of innovative solutions to privileged individuals like you who
need wealth management solutions to manage their hard–earned fortunes efficiently.
At Karvy Private Wealth, we believe that expert wealth management is important to maintain the value of your wealth over a
longer period of time and to grow it to fulfill your aspirations and financial goals.
The Karvy Private Wealth Edge
We aspire to become your trusted and primary advisor.
We act as more than just investment advisors: we provide access to a complete suite of services. With the right people guiding
your wealth in the right direction, there is no limit to what you can achieve. All our investment recommendations are backed by
intense in-house research and tailor-made for you as bespoke solutions by our highly experienced senior management team. Our
strategic asset allocation framework takes into account your unique circumstances and financial personality for recommending
an asset allocation specific to your needs.
Karvy Private Wealth is a neutral advisor as we are not affiliated to any product partner, thus giving you honest & unbiased
advice at all times.
At Karvy Private Wealth, we ensure that you get the freedom to actually enjoy your success by offering you end-to-end advice,
helping you enjoy the good life while we take care of your wealth strategies.
— 24 —
While the investments in Debt asset class instruments would increase by 20% YOY in volume terms its overall
proportion would reduce from the present 65.8% of Individual Wealth in India to 56.1% in 2012-13. Individuals would
broadly continue to invest in the same debt instruments as they presently invest in, although the growth in small
savings will be limited. We do not see futuristic products such as Inflation linked bonds getting popular in the next
3 years.
We believe that individuals in India are under-invested in Alternative Assets. With just 0.3% of our wealth presently
in Alternative Assets as compared to 7% globally, we believe this will be a huge area of investments in the next
decade. We see Private Equity Funds, Real Estate (Real Estate Funds & Real Estate Investment Trusts) and
International investments becoming extremely popular among the HNIs. However we do not see Hedge funds
becoming a popular option in the next 2-3 years.
— 25 —
About Karvy Private Wealth
Founded in 1985, the KARVY Group has grown to be become one of the leading financial groups in India. Our wide network spans
more than 800 offices across India, Dubai and New York. The group operates multiple businesses – stock broking, IPO
marketing, registry and transfer of shares, depository participants, insurance broking, mutual fund distribution and commodity
broking – and is ranked among the top five in each of these businesses.
All this has been built upon the Group’s unwavering commitment to integrity and transparency in all its dealings – a fact all our
customers attest to. Out of this very culture of success has emerged Karvy Private Wealth, the wealth management arm of the
KARVY Group. Karvy Private Wealth focuses on providing Wealth management advisory services to High Net worth Individuals
and Business Families. Karvy Private Wealth provides a spectrum of innovative solutions to privileged individuals like you who
need wealth management solutions to manage their hard–earned fortunes efficiently.
At Karvy Private Wealth, we believe that expert wealth management is important to maintain the value of your wealth over a
longer period of time and to grow it to fulfill your aspirations and financial goals.
The Karvy Private Wealth Edge
We aspire to become your trusted and primary advisor.
We act as more than just investment advisors: we provide access to a complete suite of services. With the right people guiding
your wealth in the right direction, there is no limit to what you can achieve. All our investment recommendations are backed by
intense in-house research and tailor-made for you as bespoke solutions by our highly experienced senior management team. Our
strategic asset allocation framework takes into account your unique circumstances and financial personality for recommending
an asset allocation specific to your needs.
Karvy Private Wealth is a neutral advisor as we are not affiliated to any product partner, thus giving you honest & unbiased
advice at all times.
At Karvy Private Wealth, we ensure that you get the freedom to actually enjoy your success by offering you end-to-end advice,
helping you enjoy the good life while we take care of your wealth strategies.
Disclaimer
The information and views presented here are prepared by Karvy Private Wealth or other Karvy Group companies. The
information contained herein is based on our analysis and upon sources that we consider reliable. We, however, do not vouch for
the accuracy or the completeness thereof. This material is for personal information and we are not responsible for any loss
incurred based upon it.
The author, directors and other employees of Karvy and its affiliates may hold long or short positions in the various companies
from time to time. Every employee of Karvy and its associated companies are required to disclose their individual stock holdings
and details of trades, if any, that they undertake. The team rendering corporate analysis and investment recommendations are
restricted in purchasing/selling of shares or other securities till such a time this recommendation has either been displayed or has
been forwarded to clients of Karvy. All employees are further restricted to place orders only through Karvy Stock Broking Ltd.
The investments, if any, discussed or recommended here may not be suitable for all investors. Investors must make their own
investment decisions based on their specific investment objectives and financial position and using such independent advice, as
they believe necessary. While acting upon any information or analysis mentioned here, investors may please note that neither
Karvy nor any person connected with any associated companies of Karvy accepts any liability arising from the use of this
information and views mentioned here.
The information given in this document on tax, if any, is for guidance only, and should not be construed as tax advice. Investors
are advised to consult their respective tax advisers to understand the specific tax incidence applicable to them. We also expect
significant changes in the tax laws once the new Direct Tax Code is in force.
—26—
A division of Karvy Stock Broking Ltd
Office Address: Karvy Private Wealth (A division of Karvy Stock Broking Limited), 702, Hallmark Business Plaza, Sant Dnyaneshwar Marg, Off. Bandra-Kurla Complex, Bandra (East), Mumbai - 400 051.
Registered Office Address: Karvy Stock Broking Ltd, “KARVY HOUSE”, 46, Avenue 4, Street No. 1, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad - 500 034. SEBI Registration Nos: “NSE (CM): INB230770138, NSE(F&O): INF230770138, BSE:INB010770130, BSE(F&O): INF010770131, MCX: 10775,
NCDEX: 00236” NSE (CDS) : INE230770138, MCX(SX) INE260770138 NSDL-SEBI Registration No.: IN-DP-NSDL-247-2005,
CSDL-SEBI-Registration No.: IN-DP-CSDL-305-2005, PMS Registration No.: INP000001512.
For Private Circulation OnlyAugust 2010
KARVY PRIVATE WEALTH’S
INDIA WEALTH REPORT
Where do Indian Individuals Invest their Wealth? Key Trends.
