Kansai International Airport (KIX)Ali Haydar TA-Okan University/Civil Enginering

Why is Kansai on an island?

The noise and safety problems of Itami Airport, such as flying low over urban areas, prompted the idea of building Kansai International Airport. Additional extension of Narita airport was suspended due to land expropriation problems. As Japan needed another proper international airport, it was decided that Kansai International Airport be constructed as a marine airport 5km offshore in Osaka. KIX was placed on an island to isolate its incoming and outcoming flights from residential areas. Also circumvented the sorts of political problems .

Location

JAPAN

Osaka Tokyo

Kansai International Airport In southeast Osaka Bay, approx.5km off the coast

Overall Plan

Overall Plan

ContractorsA. Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. [KIAC] B. Kansai International Airport Land Development Co., Ltd. [KALD]

I

Review of the Financing Scheme (Land Development) In August 2001, to ensure the stable implementation of the 2nd phase project and its viability, the national and local governments formulated a proposed scheme designed to achieve a reduction in the total construction costs.

Principle approach - cheaper, faster, better Secure and supply cheaper material (about 60 % of construction costs are material costs)Landfill

earth and sand +Obtaining reclamation soil of 250 million m3 in total in advance Request for supply cooperation to Osaka Pref., Hyohgo Pref. and Wakayama Pref.+Securing a large-scale earth and sand collection site near Kansai International Airport Reduction in transportation cost Use

of recycled material +Reception of earth and sand generated by public works making an acceptance system using surplus soil from the 1st. Phase airport island construction work Sea

Sand(Soil improvement material) +Importing sea sand from China, etc. cutting down the price of domestic sand improving the efficiency of sand sprinkling work +Secure & supply cheaper alternative materials mixing a large volume of cheap quarry sand into sea sand

Construction

Construction Work Process

Island construction is roughly divided into four steps.

Seabed Improvement Work; Below the seabed lies an over-20-meter thick layer of very moist, soft clay (called an alluvial clay layer). Firstly, the water must be removed to strengthen the clay. Seawall Work; Soil simply put into the sea does not withstand the current.Therefore, seawalls surrounding the island must be built to protect the Airport Island. Reclamation Work; When the seawall is almost completed, earth and sand are put in the enclosure little by little instead of dumping them at a time. Airport Facilities

Construction Schedule

Seabed Improvement

Condition of the Settlement

It is impossible to stop the settlement of the holocene clay layer found beneath the KIX complex. However, it can minimize the bad effects of the settlement by artificially speeding up the process; The Sand Drain Method.1,2 million Sand Drains used for improvement.

The Airport Sink

The yearly change of the depth of the settlement The engineers predict 14m total depth of the settlement in 50 years

Against Unequal Settlement Problems

Seawall

Seawalls form the perimeter of a reclamation area and from waves. Gently sloping rubble mound seawall This seawall is made by piling natural stones, which gets a lot of sunshine and permits seaweeds to grow thick, making it a comfortable place for fish and shellfish to live in.

Reclamation Work

Earth filling work requires a huge amount of soil to create the large expanse of land necessary. For this purpose, many large vessels carry soil and drop it on to the seabed. The next step is to drop soil from onboard belt conveyors. The soil gradually rises above sea level to form land.

Reclamation Work

Bottom-hopper barges By opening its bottom, a bottom-hopper barge drops as much as 3000 m3 of soil at one time.

Soil heaping barges When soil heaping barges start their work, pieces of land soon become visible above the sea surface.

Final process of reclamation work

Soil is gathered from the outside of the airport island, carried in a dump truck, dumped, and laid while being rolled and compacted. Strong and uniform land is made in this way.

Airport Facilities:Airport TerminalOwner Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd.

LocationSite area Building area Total floor area Structure

Osaka, Japan453,193 sq.m. (450 ha) 116,130.54 sq.m. 306,508.10 sq.m. S / RC / SRC

FloorsBuilding height

4 aboveground, 1 underground36.54 m

Parking capacity 4,500 cars Construction period Info Apr 1991 - Jun 1994 Design : Renzo Piano Building Workshop Japan (supported by Ove Arup & Partners International), Aeroports de Paris, Japan Airport Consultants (Construction)

The Longest Building in the World Passenger Terminal Building (PTB) 1.7

kilometer long PTB under a single huge roof, creating a large interior complex integrating all architectural, structural and utility system elements.

GEOMETRYThe toroid creates a space that is both high in the center portion and low at the ends in order to have unobstructed views of all airplanes and the runway from the control tower.

GEOMETRY -MAIN TERMINAL BUILDING

Primary truss type is a Warren based, triangular three dimensional truss Asymmetrically arched tracing the shape of the curvilinear roof above 18 trusses spanning 82.8 meters each Trusses placed 14.4 meters apart

WINGAirside

The Wing runs the entire 1.7 km span of the structure. This is the side that faces the sea, and therefore receives the high force winds during storms. The wing has a separate structural system from the main terminal building. Here, the truss changes to a single tubular steel member supported by tension cables.

FOUNDATION

The structure needs to sink at the same rate as the island 360,000 tons of iron ore below foundation replaced excavated soil Foundation consists of 900 pillars Jack-up system with plates keeps the pillars level

CLADDING

82,000 Stainless steel tiles cover a double roof Each tile 1.8 x 0.6 meters and 10 kilograms Reasons for choosing a double roof Reflectivity protects inner roof Ease of installation of inner roof Drainage keeps outer roof in good condition

GLAZING

Each panel of glass treated as in individual unit Each panel 3.6 x 0.6 meters Follows the same geometry of the roof

RESULTS

24-hour Operation More safety for flights Reduces noise problems Environmental benefits Regional development New construction technique ( Jack-up system )

RESULTS

Information for future facilities.For example; Hong Kong International Airport

Thank you! !