Junaid Nse Project

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    DEDICATION

    This project is dedicated to the memory of my late father Mr

    Junaid Adesanya Ishola Kareem and my late sisters, Mrs Kudirat

    Amope Coker and Mrs. Adiyat Atoke Fasasi.

    2

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Dedication.

    2

    Table of contents

    3

    Acknowledgement..

    5

    CHAPTER 1:Introduction.6

    CHAPTER 2:Details of Professional Training and

    Experience.....12

    2.1 Construction of Housing Unit at Abesan

    5..12

    2.2 Rehabilitation of Rural Roads in Odeda LocalGovernment..14

    2.3 Underground Water Development (Borehole) in

    Aigbede Odeda Local Government

    Council.15

    2.4 Rehabilitation of Building Project in Abeokuta South

    Local Government Council..16

    2.5 Construction of College Clinic Phase I & II at F.C.E Abeokuta..17

    2.6 Report of Professional Experience on Construction

    of 1500 Seating Capacity Lecture Theatre Phase 1

    at Federal College of Education Osilele

    Abeokuta................18

    2.6.1 Introduction18

    2.6.2 Preliminary Planning.18

    2.6.3 The Architectural Design..19

    2.6.4 Problems 19

    2.6.5 Prospect ....22

    2.6.6 Design Analysis..243

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    2.7 Report of Professional Experience on Reconstruction of

    ALG School 1 & 2 Oke Ago-Owu.27

    2.7.1 Reconstruction of ALG School 1..272.7.2 Reconstruction of ALG School 228

    LIST OF TABLE

    Table 1: Method Statement for poultry building construction7

    Table 2: Programme probability Distribution for Construction of

    Poultry Building project at Gracib Farm Site 9

    Table 3: Spot height survey of phase A

    .21

    Table 4: Spot height survey of phase B

    ..22

    4

    3a

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    LIST OF FIGURE

    Figure 1: The critical path Network schedule for construction

    of poultry building project at Gracib farm site.

    7b

    Figure 2: Program of work for rehabilitation of Gbongon

    -Iwo Iseyin Road contract No:

    5952.11b

    Figure 3: Critical path method scheduling for Rehabilitation of

    Gbongon -Iwo Iseyin Road

    ............11c

    Figure 4: Spot height survey for construction of 150 Seating

    capacity lecture theatre at FCE Osiele

    Abeokuta..22b

    5

    3b

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    Figure 5: Schematic diagram for proposed Ground floor level of

    1500 seating capacity lecture theare at FCE Osile

    Abeokuta.......................................................22c

    Figure 6: Progamme of work for Renovation of school in Owu

    Gbagura community Abeokuta - a world Assisted Project

    of Ogun State Community Based urban Development

    Project ...................................................................28b

    LIST OF PLATES

    Plate 1a: Preliminary survey and Excavation of

    Foundation and column Bases.19b

    Plate 1b: Determination of DPC and oversite concrete

    Floor level .19b

    Plate 2a: Consultants and Director of works and service Dept.

    Inspecting the casting of oversite Concrete floor

    ..20b

    Plate 2b: Consultants and Director of works and services Dept.

    Inspecting the final completion of sub-Structure

    work.20b

    6

    4a

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    Plate 3a: Super structure works commence from the

    Stage Area

    ..25b

    Plate 3b: Consultant Engineer (Engr. Sogbetun) checking

    The column height with leveling instrument.25b

    Plate 4a: Casting of level + 2250 and level +

    3600..25c

    Plate 4b: completion of Block work and concrete

    work to roof

    level..25c

    Plate 5a & 5b: Bar arrangement of Doubly reinforcement concrete

    Deep Beam of the stage area before

    casting.25d

    Plate 6a & 6b: Steel Roof formation

    ..25e

    7

    4b

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    ACKNOWLEDGMENT

    I give praises, glory and honour to the Almighty Allah the

    most high God, the most beneficent and the most merciful to

    mankind.

    I will continually appreciate the tremendous support and

    encouragement of my humble mentor, Engr. R.A. Kumolu, may

    the Lord continue to grant him and his family immense love,

    shower his abundant and infinite mercy on them.

    I also thank my employers and all that have contributed to

    my exposure in the last seventeen years. To just mentioned few,

    Engr. Emmanuel Ibok Essien (Ritman Nig Ltd), Engr. Sogbetun

    (Tropaed Groups), Engr. Odedoyin (FCE Abeokuta), Mr Oyetunji,

    W.B. (Fatnuroye Ltd), Chief Daodu, A. (OASIS/Cardinal), Arc R.

    Ayegbajeje (Ren Consult) and Arc Olamilekan Adegbile (Adkon

    Engineering Ltd).

    The project would not have been completed if not for the

    cooperation and assistance of Mrs. Junaid Abosede Olubukola,

    Oluwafeyisayo,Oluwafayokemi,Oluwaferanmi,Balikis,Famakinwa

    Brown, Alhaja Junaid Abeni Murilat and Mrs Toyin Aderogba. May

    Allah grant everyone his infinite mercy.

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    1.0 INTRODUCTION

    This report is presented to Nigerian Society of Engineers in

    partial fulfillment for my election as a corporate member of the

    Nigerian Society of Engineers. It covers a period of seventeen

    years of active engineering service.

    On graduating with Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

    from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife in March 1991 I was

    deployed to Akwa-Ibom State for National Youth Service Corps

    where I was posted to Ritman Nigerian Limited, Ikot-Ekpene for

    my primary assignment -an indigenous engineering firm

    specialized in rural development projects.

    During the service year I joined the company as a Site

    Engineer under the supervision of Engr. Emmanuel Ibok Essien

    and I supervised the construction of the following projects at

    Cracib Investment Limited farm site in Ikot-Otu between May and

    November 1991.

    The projects includes:

    (i) Administrative office block

    (ii) Twins flat of 3 bedrooms for staff accommodation

    (iii) 4 blocks of multipurpose livestock building

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    The major problem encountered at Gracib farm site was

    during the foundation excavation. This poultry building project

    was sited on a loose soil. This problem was overcome by

    providing earthwork support to the sides of excavation to enable

    the excavation reach the suitable Stratum of required bearing

    capacity. I prepared my method statement and programme of

    work for the construction of poultry buidings and other jobs, at

    the same time make a weekly site report for Engr. Essien.

    In January 1992 I was assigned to road rehabilitation

    projects within Ikot-Ekpene. The job includes asphalt overlay and

    design of open channel flow for the lined drains.

    The roads in Ikot-Ekpene are:

    (i) Ibong Road - 2.727km

    (ii) Dibue Road - 0.744km(iii) Child Maternal Health Road - 0.302km

    (iv) Oko Eto Road - 0.602km

    (v) Etok Akpan Amond Road - 0.782km

    (vi) Old Itu Road - 3.5km

    These roads was awarded to Ritman Nigeria Limited by Ikot-

    Ekpene Local Government Council via job order from Council

    Chairman and supervised by the Council Engineer -Engr. E.

    Umeh.

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    Table 1: Method Statement for poultry building

    construction

    Operation Qty Method Predetermine Contemporary Labour out

    put rate

    No of

    Labour

    No of

    days

    A Provision of aggregates 92m3 TipperLorry

    - E, F, G 4.6m3/day 20 men 10 days

    B Site clearance 400.95m2 Manual - C 100m2/day 4 men 2 days

    C Setting out of works 340.2m2 Manual B D 2 men 1 day

    D Excavation of foundation 48.35m3 Manual C E, F, G 4.05m3/day 11 men 2 days

    E Moulding and curing of

    blks

    3559blks Manual A, D H 350blk/day 6 men 10 days

    F Blinding of foundation

    trench

    10.48m3 Manual A, D I 0.5m3/day 6 men 1 day

    G Provision of Cement and

    water

    10 Tons/

    15000ltrs

    Lorry/

    Tanker

    A, D K 1.67Tons/day 1 men 6 days

    H Dummy activity - Manual E I - - 0 day

    I Blockwork - setting

    foundation to DPC level 1029blks Manual H, F I

    85blk/day 12 men 2 days

    J Laterite earthworks

    filling, leveling andcompaction 88.25m3 Manual I K 3.0m3/day 30 men 3 days

    K Over site concrete 37.18m3 Manual J, G M, L 1.49m3/day 25 men 1 days

    L Roofing materials

    delivery Do Lorry K N Sum 2 men 4 days

    M Blks work setting DPC to

    window seat to roof level 2326blks Manual K O, P, Q 75blks/day 32 men 6 days N Frames & Doors

    preparation

    8 Nos

    Manual L O, P, Q 2 Nos/day 8 men 4 days

    O Roof trusses formation Do Manual M, N R 4 men/day 16 men 4 days

    P Plumbing works Do Manual M, N U, V, W 2 men/day 10 men 5 days

    Q Excavation of foundation

    trench for water tanks 0.65m3 Manual M, N S 4.05m3/day 1 men 1 day

    R Roof sheeting Do Manual O II, V, W 4 men/day 4 men 1 day

    S Construction of water

    tank base

    1.69m3 Manual Q T 0.5m3/day 4 men 1 day

    T Block work- water tank 224blks

    2.0m3 Manual S U, V, W

    85blks/day

    5 men 3 days

    U Rendering internal &

    eternal wall 216m

    2

    Manual R, P, T Z, Y 18m

    2

    /day 12 men 3 daysV Fixing of door frames 8 Nos Manual R, P, T X Sum 2 men 1 day

    W Provision of wire netting 240m2 Lorry R, P, T Z, Y Sum 1 men 2 days

    X Dummy activity - - V Z, Y - - 0 day

    Y Framework for Netting Lump Manual U, X, W ZB 3 men/day 12 men 4 days

    Z Floor screeding 10.36m3 Manual U, X, W ZA 0.83m3/day 11 men 2 days

    ZA Casting of Floor B 14.48m3 Manual Z ZA 0.5m3/day 21 men 2 days

    ZB Netting 237m3 Manual Y ZC 3 men/day 10 men 3 days

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    ZC Fixing of Doors 8 door Manual ZB ZD 2 Nos/day 4 men 2 days

    ZD Clearing of site Do Manual ZC, ZA ZE 1 men/day 1 men 1 day

    ZE Handling over - ZD - 1 men/day 1 men 1 day

    12

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    Table 2: Programme Probability Distribution forConstruction of Poultry Building project at GracibFarm Site

    Activitie

    s

    (a) (m) (b) (t)

    A 10 12 15 12 0.83B 2 3 5 3 0.50C 1 1 2 1 0.17D 2 3 5 3 0.50E 10 14 20 14 1.67F 1 2 3 2 0.33G 6 10 15 10 1.50H 0 0 0 0 0I 2 3 5 3 0.50

    J 3 5 8 5 0.83K 5 7 10 7 0.83L 4 5 7 5 0.50M 6 8 10 8 0.67N 4 5 8 5 0.67O 4 5 6 5 0.38P 5 8 14 10 1.50Q 1 2 3 2 0.33R 1 2 3 2 0.33S 1 2 3 2 0.33T 3 4 6 4 0.33

    U 3 5 8 5 0.83V 1 2 3 2 0.33W 2 3 4 3 0.33X 0 0 0 0 0.00Y 4 6 7 6 0.50Z 2 3 5 3 0.50

    ZA 2 3 5 3 0.50ZB 3 4 5 4 0.33ZC 2 3 4 3 0.33ZD 1 2 2 2 0.17

    ZE 1 2 2 2 0.17

    The major problem encountered on this project is that there

    was no hydraulic engineering design for the land drain. I sought

    the permission from Engr. Essien to allow me design a suitable13

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    trapezoidal open channel for the lined drain, which he did, and

    make little correction on the design in conjunction with council

    Engineer before the final execution was carried out without stress

    before the asphalt resurfacing.

    I joined Fatnuroye Nigeria Limited in 1994 as Site Engineer

    under the supervision of Engr. Sogbetun and Engr. Odedoyin.

    During this period, I executed various Civil Engineering projects

    at private, governmental and institutional level. These includes:

    (i) Construction of housing Unit at Abesan 5

    (ii) Grading of rural roads in Odeda Local Government

    (iii) Underground water development (Borehole) in Aigbede

    (iv) Rehabilitation of building project in Abeokuta south local

    government

    (v) Construction of prototype office building at Federal College of

    Education Abeokuta

    (vi) Construction of College Clinic Phase 1& II at F.C.E. Abeokuta.

    (vii) Rehabilitation of Main Hall F.C.E. Abeokuta

    (viii)Construction of 1500 seating capacity lecture theatre phase 1 at

    F.C.E. Abeokuta

    In November 2006, I joined Oasis/Cardinal Nigeria Limited

    as a Site Engineer for the renovation of schools in Owu/Gbagura

    Community. A World Bank assisted project under the supervision

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    of Ogun State Community Based Urban Development Project. The

    Consulting Engineer is Osot Associate Limited under the

    leadership of Engr. R.A. Kumolu.

    The renovation works includes:

    (i) Holy Trinity Primary School

    (ii) Abeokuta North L.G. Pry Sch I, Oke Ago-Owu

    (iii) Abeokuta North L.G. Pry Sch. II, Oke Ago-Owu

    I later joined Batson Nig. Ltd in August 2007 for

    rehabilitation of Gbongan-Iwo-OYSB road in Osun State for major

    rehabilitation as company Project Manager. This project was

    under the supervision of federal ministry of transportation

    engineers, and was supervised by Engr. Z.O. Iseyemi, Federal

    Ministry of Transportation field office, osogbo.

    In January 2008, I joined Adkon Nigeria Limited as Project

    Engineer. On assumption of office I was transferred to supervise

    the renovation works at Zenon House, Victoria- island, Lagos.

    2.0 DETAILS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ANDEXPERIENCE

    On assumption of office at Fatnuroye Nigeria Limited as a

    Site Engineer, I was introduced to Engr. Odedoyin and Engr.

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    Sogbetun, they are both registered engineer and has been with

    the company for several years on part-time basis. I was the only

    engineer on full pay roll list; meanwhile I was faced with multiple

    challenges. But I had little or no fear because of my exposure

    during my service year with Ritman Nigeria Limited where I

    worked independently without much supervision from my boss -

    Engr. Emmauel Essien.

    2.1 CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSING UNIT AT ABESAN 5

    The housing unit at Abesan 5 was my first assignment. I

    used few days in the office for project planning. The following

    document was released to me for proper planning of the job.

    (i) Price Bill of Quantities

    (ii) Architectural drawing

    (iii) Structural drawing

    Other parts of the contract document like payment schedule

    for the preparation of interim payment certificate, as well as

    expected time of completion of the project were also released, to

    enable me prepare my programme of work.

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    I produced a comprehensive programme of work for the

    project within the projected cash flow projection and method

    statement for each activity. This was later followed by sourcing

    for various equipments that are to be hired for the execution of

    the project. At the same time, certain items and materials were

    listed for sub-contractors for execution. At the end of these

    planning we moved to site immediately and started with

    preliminary items like.

    (i) Site clearance and construction of site office

    (ii) Provision for adequate supply of water and electricity.

    (iii) Movement of equipment and matetrials to the site.

    The major problem encountered was that the structure was designed

    on strip foundation,but the site fall within the swampy and water-

    logged area of the estate that calls for raft foundation design or wide

    strip foundation.. The attention of the resident engineer and other

    consultants were called to address the situation,raft foundation was

    finally approved which I carried out the design under Engr. Sogbetun

    The bill of addendum was forwarded for the new raft foundation

    design.

    We swung into action after the final approval of the addendum

    and begin with setting out of works. The project planning agenda

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    makes the execution easier and interesting I prepared progress

    report and photograph against every monthly site meeting for

    various level of stages of work.

    2.2 REHABILITATION OF RURAL ROADS IN ODEDA LOCALGOVERNMENT

    The grading of roads project was the second assignment to

    be handled. These roads connect various communities and

    villages in Ilugun, Olodo and Alagba ward in Odeda Local

    Government. The contract was awarded in October and was

    expected to complete within 45 days. The major assignment was

    patching of potholes and clearing of road verges. Meanwhile, we

    set out having prepared programme of work and immediately

    moved to the site for execution. The major problem encountered

    was that most of these roads has been abandoned for years.

    Therefore I make provision for the earth drains on both sides and

    culvert drains where necessary. But before this was carried out, I

    had earlier informed the Council Engineer about the development

    and importance of this to protect the flexible pavement. This

    enables me to prepare variation on extra job and was approved

    by the Council Chairman. The project was completed within the

    working time frame of programme of work.

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    2.3 UNDERGROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT (BOREHOLE)IN AIGBEDE VILLAGE

    The huge success recorded on the rehabilitation of roads

    fetch the company underground water development in Aigbede.

    It was awarded via a job order from local government council

    chairman.

    The geophysical study was carried out within Aigbede

    village by council geophysicst consultant. The result revealed

    that the aquifer is 124.7m below NGL and sedimentary layer

    takes about 35m while bedrock take about 90m depth. The result

    enables me to look for a powerful drilling rig for the execution of

    this job.

    The drilling and casing operation however went

    successfully. The major problem encountered was during the

    geophysical operation. The geophysical studies took us longer

    time before we could get a better location for high yield of the

    aquifer.

    Other problem encountered was that of distribution by

    gravitational method to minimize cost on supply. This was tackled

    by construction central elevated storage on nearby hill to ensure

    even distribution by gravity to all nooks and corners of the

    village.

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    2.4 REHABILITATION OF BUILDING PROJECT IN ABEOKUTASOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL

    The project was designed for staff accommodation and was

    later abandoned for years. As a result, various cracks have

    developed within the structure, roof leakages due to lack of

    maintenance. All the cracks were corrected with wire-mesh

    concrete, and the building was re-roof with aluminum long span.

    The major problem encountered was at the early planning

    stage when I discovered that certain items were omitted while

    some are under quoted in the bill of quantities. These include

    reinforced concrete works on the sun breakers and the external

    works on septic tank. I prepared the bill of addendum in respect

    to these items and forwarded to council engineer for approval.

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    2.5 CONSTRUCTION OF COLLEGE CLINIC PHASE I & II ATF.C.E ABEOKUTA

    The project was awarded to Fatnuroye Nigeria Limited by

    selective tendering having being convinced on the competence of

    the company on previous projects handled, such as the prototype

    office building and the minor renovation of the Main Hall in the

    previous year.

    I submitted my programme of work after working on the bill

    of quantities and the working drawings - architectural and

    structural drawings. The stakeholder on this project includes the

    work and services department of the college, the consultant

    architect- Ren consult (Arc Remi Ayegbajeje) and consultant

    engineer- Tropaed Group (Engr. Sogbetun). Engr. Abiodun and

    myself represent the contractor at the site meeting. Engr Abiodun

    is a registered Engineer and works on part-time basis with the

    company. The project is the first major capital project awarded to

    us by the college. I prepared progress report on site activities

    monthly for Engr Abiodun against every site meeting. I coordinate

    and manage all the site activities and ensure the job is executed

    to specification standard within working timeframe.

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    2.6 REPORT OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ONCONSTRUCTION OF 1500 SEATING CAPACITY LECTURETHEATRE PHASE 1 AT FEDERAL COLLEGE OFEDUCATION OSILELE ABOKUTA

    2.6.1 Introduction

    In the year 2003, Federal College of Education Osiele

    Abeokuta increased her regular student intake by 50% while the

    Sandwich Programme Students intake was double. As a result,

    there is need to get a bigger space lecture theatre for students.

    This led the institution to call for design of 1500 seating capacity

    lecture theatre within the Main campus.

    Our success story on construction of college clinic phase 1

    & 2 made us to aspire for bigger challenging projects. However

    this led us to go for the open and competitive tendering on

    construction of the 1500 seating capacity lecture theatre phase

    1.

    The job was awarded to us after the final ratification of the

    tendering board and governing council of the college.

    2.6.2 Preliminary Planning

    The project planning started as usual with the working

    drawings which includes architectural drawings and structural

    drawing; the priced bill of quantities to enable draw a

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    comprehensive programme of work at the same time give high

    priority to cash flow projection and other relevant issue in site

    management.

    2.6.3 The Architectural Design

    Both the architectural and structural works of this beautiful

    project was perfectly carried out by experienced professionals on

    assumption that a suitable site that conform to the design slope

    would be found within the main campus by the works and

    services department of the institution for the project. Therefore

    the preliminary survey of the site to locate the project was not

    carried out before the design. In the design, the architect avoids

    creation of upper floor and basement slab to minimize cost so

    that this project could pass through a ministerial approval.

    2.6.4 Problems

    The site chosen did not conform to assumed slope used for

    the design, therefore the first major assignment on site, was to

    carry out the preliminary survey to enable us to determine

    Oversite concrete floor level. At the same time, give a clear

    picture of the task ahead on substructure works, cost implication

    and appropriate engineering solution that would be

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    required to combat various problems at a minimal cost

    without compromising quality and standard.

    It was observed from the earthworks calculation that the

    required filling necessary exceeded cutting more than 100%.

    These however necessitate for proper planning to avoid

    additional cost on the following activities.

    (i) Laterite earth filling

    (ii) Substructure block wall

    (iii) Reinforcement

    (iv) Reinforced in-situ concrete

    (v) Sawn formwork

    (vi) In-fill weak concrete

    (vii) External rendering of substructure block walls

    (viii) Painting and decoration of external substructure block

    walls

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    Table 3: Spot heights Survey of Phase A

    Location Back sight Fore sight H.I Reduced

    Level2.968 2.68 Assumed R.I

    A 2.968 0.000B 1.5895 +1.373C 2.450 +0.518D 1.715 +1.253E 2.203 +0.765F 1.029 +1.939G 1.928 +1.040H 1.162 +1.806J 1.469 +1.499K 0.728 +2.240L 0.782 +2.186

    M 0.558 +2.410N 0.350 +2.618O 1.535 +1.433P 2.210 +0.758Q 3.148 -0.180R 0.550 +2.418S 0.861 +2.107T 1.559 +1.409U 3.595 -0.627V 3.215 -0.247W 3.242 -0.274X 3.612 -0.356Z 2.113 +0.855

    T22 1.415 +1.553A22 3.364 -0.396

    Table 4: Spot heights Survey of Phase B

    Station Back sight Fore sight H.I Reduced

    LevelM 2.412 14.822 14.822 12.410

    (Assumed R.L.)M2 2.235 12.587M3 1.832 12.990M4 1.842 13.142N2 2.000 12.822N3 1.364 13.45825

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    N4 0.912 13.910N5 0.564 14.258L2 2.268 12.554L3 2.251 12.571L4 2.256 12.598L5 2.201 12.621

    2.6.5 Prospect

    After due consultation at the site meeting with all the

    stakeholders on the project, I took the following steps towards

    the successful completion of the job.

    (1) Reducing the seat risers from 150mm to 100mm scaled the

    vertical height difference of the sub-structure down. This brought

    down the cost on substructure works within level + 300 and level

    + 6600 by 30%.

    (2) After the setting out of works has been carried out, I excavated

    for the column bases and ignore preliminaries

    excavation for foundation walls. This enables me to use a

    pail loader to bring enough laterite earth filling into the

    foundation rather than resulting into expensive manual

    labour filling. After the exercise, I did my excavation and

    raise the foundation wall. This task also saved me more

    than 75% of the real cost of earth fillings.

    (3) Also since basement slab was deliberately avoided for

    financial reason I was forced to make laterite earth filling to

    2.8m above the natural ground level in some areas.

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    Meanwhile, I looked for the way to minimize cost and

    consider various options.

    I consider double wall to be too expensive and structurally

    unfit to resist the strong lateral earth pressure. Also, the

    excessive height of the double wall that will start from foundation

    and terminate at the German floor.

    The second option considered was to replace the external

    sub-structural block work with retaining wall.

    The third option was to construct a LATERAL GROUND

    BEAMS within the external sub-structural block work and

    spanning over external columns. The lateral ground beam was

    introduced at 1 metre apart to break the effect of

    laterite earth filling pressure on the external wall as shown in the

    diagram.

    27

    Lateral Beam 2

    Lateral Beam 1

    N.G.L

    1 m

    1 m

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    Figure6 : Arrangement of lateral beam at the substructure

    level

    2.6.6 Design Analysis

    Total horizontal pressure Ph = Area of s

    Area of s = bxh

    = Ph.h

    = . .h.ka.h

    = kah

    2

    where ka =

    sin1

    sin1

    +

    is angle of repose depend soil condition

    = Density of the earthworks

    h = height in metre

    28

    Pa

    x

    h

    2/

    3h

    1/

    3h

    Pa= .h.ka

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    Moment

    Taking moment M due to Ph about base

    M = Ph.h/3 = kah2. h/3 = 1/6 kah

    3

    M & h3 since and ka are constant

    When h=0, M=0

    At the base h=H M=Max

    = 18KN/m3

    When h = 2.8m

    Ka = 0.33 (take angle of repose between soil to be 300)

    M =6

    2Kah

    =

    6)8.2(3 3.0/1 823

    mxxmK N

    = 21.73KN.m

    29

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    Reinforcements

    Mu = 0.156 fcu bd2

    = 0.156 x 20 x 225 x 2002

    = 28KN/m2

    Since M < Mu

    Design for As only

    K =2bdfcu

    M=

    2

    6

    20022520

    1073.21

    xx

    x= 0.12

    la = 0.5 +9.0

    25.0 K = 0.5+

    9.0

    12.025.0

    = 0.5+ 144.0 = 0.88

    la = 0.88

    As =dl aF

    M

    y

    9 5.0=

    20088.041095.0

    1073.216

    xxx

    x

    = 317mm2

    Provide 2Y16 (402mm2) BOTTOM

    Links Y10@ 225 C/C

    Hanger bar 2Y12 (226mm2)

    30

    . ...

    225mm

    2Y122Y16

    Y10@225 C/C

    300mm

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    2.7 REPORT OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ON RECONSTRUCTION

    OF ALG SCHOOL 1 & 2 OKE AGO-OWU

    On assumption of office as a Site Engineer with

    OASIS/CARDINAL Nig Ltd, I was hurriedly moved to Oke Ago-Owu

    site to liase with the resident Consultant Engineers on the project

    at the same time to pay attention to engineering matters on site.

    2.7.1 Reconstruction of ALG School 1

    The demolition exercise has been carried out before my

    arrival and I quickly supervise the setting out of works to put the

    job on the right course. The major problem encountered was on

    substructure because of the topography of the site that

    culminated into excessive height of the foundation wall and

    oversite concrete floor level. But this was solved with introduction

    of lateral ground beam on the sub-structure of the load-bearing

    wall to prevent any possible shear failure, at the same time

    enhance better structural stability.

    The lintel level of the load-bearing and none load- bearing

    wall was made of reinforced concrete all through to prevent

    future vertical cracks that may occur.

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    2.7.2 Reconstruction of ALG School 2

    The project was initially billed for renovation when the

    preliminary studies was carried out in 2002. The structural

    defects on the building had reached alarming stage before the

    project was awarded in 2006. The project consultant immediately

    recommended total reconstruction to Ogun State Community

    Based Urban Development Project, the recommendation was

    approved and existing structure was demolished while the major

    reconstruction was carried out.

    The structural design of the reconstruction works was to be

    carried out by the Supervising Project Consultant (Osot Associate)

    under the leadership of Engr. R.A. Kumolu. But I sought the

    permission of my humble mentor, distinguished registered and

    highly respected Engineer (Engr. R.A. Kumolu) to allow me carry

    out the design under his supervision. My request was granted, as-

    built architectural drawing was produced and the design was

    carried out as stated in volume 2 of this report.

    32