DramatistNovelist

Dr. Jose Rizal’sProfessions

Drama – specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action", which is derived from the verb meaning "to do" or "to act".

Dramatist – also known as a playwright. It is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. These works may be written specifically to be performed by actors, or they may be closet dramas - simple literary works - written using dramatic forms, but not meant for performance.

Rizal is a dramatist because he had wrote different dramas when he was still a student. When he was in Ateneo, he wrote a drama based on the prose story of St. Eustace the Martyr and finished it on June 2, 1876 during the opening of classes. Another drama that he wrote is the The Council of Gods in which he won the first prize in the literary contest opened by the Artistic-Literary Lyceum. He also wrote the Junto Al Pasig which was staged by the Ateneans during the annual celebration of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception and the Patroness of Ateneo.

Why did Rizal become a Dramatist?

The Council of the Gods

Junto Al Pasig

Saint Eustache the Martyr

Dramatic works of Dr. Jose Rizal

The original manuscript of this early work of Rizal no longer exists and may have been destroyed in the bombardment of the Second World War. It had, however, been published in installments in a magazine, Cultura Social of Ateneo University.

Rizal produced this play in Spanish poetic verse in 1876 from a Spanish prose translation of an original Italian work when he was fourteen years old as an exercise in composition given by Father Francisco de Paula Sánchez.

Saint Eustache the Martyr

Characters:

Hadrian . . . . . Emperor 

Eustache . . . . Roman General 

Titus . . . . . . . Younger Son of Eustache 

Flavius . . . . . Older Son of Eustache 

Claudius . . . . Friend of Flavius 

Cornelius . . . Favorite of the emperor and rival of Eustache.

 Metellus . . . . Friend of Eustache

Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) – a one-act zarzuela in Spanish written by the Philippine national hero, Jose Rizal. It was staged by the Academy of Spanish Literature members on December 8, 1880. Rizal wrote it to honor Nuestra Senora dela Paz y Buenviaje de Antipolo (Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage).

Junto Al Pasig

Even when Rizal already graduated from the Ateneo, and while he is already studying medicine in the University of Santo Tomas , he remained close to the Jesuits. As president of the Academy of Spanish Literature and through his skills in writing he was asked to contribute to the celebration of the feast of the Immaculate Conception, the college’s patroness.

From there, he wrote “Junto Al Pasig” and it was staged during 1880’s feast. A Spanish professor, Blas Echegoyen, wrote the music for the choruses while the members of the academy played the following characters:

Leonido – Isidro PerezCandido – Antoni FuentesPascual – Aquiles R. de LuzulagaSatan – Julio LlorenteAn Angel – Pedro Carranceja

The Council of the Gods

Novel – a long prose narrative that describes fictional characters and events, usually in the form of a sequential story. The genre has historical roots in antiquity and the fields of medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the noveLla.

Novelist – a person who writes novels.

MakamisaSa mga Kababaihan sa MalolosThe Friars and the FilipinosNoli Me TangereEl Filibusterismo

Novels of Dr. Jose Rizal

Makamisa (English: After mass) is an unfinished novel written by Filipino patriot and writer José Rizal. The original manuscript was found by historian Ambeth Ocampo in 1987 while he was going through a 245-page collection of papers. This draft is written in pure, vernacular Lagunense Tagalog and has no written direct signature or date of inscription.

The novel has only one chapter. It runs for only ten pages and is hand-written in the old orthographic ancillary glyphs. Although written in a different language, its style, characterization and setting mirror those of Rizal's two previous works, Noli me tangere and El filibusterismo which he wrote in Spanish. The chapter ends with a short unfinished sentence:

Makamisa

“Sapagkát nabalitang nasampál si aleng Anday ay wala mandin siláng”

which therefore satisfies the theory of it being unfinished. The novel explores the mysterious ill-temperament of the town curate Padre Agaton. Rizal later restarted work on Makamisa, using Spanish. However, the novel remained unfinished. The draft in Spanish was later translated to Filipino (under the name Etikang Tagalog: Ang Ikatlong Nobela ni Rizal) by Nilo S. Ocampo, of the University of the Philippines Diliman College of Arts and Letters.

Seven characters are mentioned in this 10-page unfinished novel:Padre Agaton (Father Agaton) - the parochial curate of the

fictitious town of Tulig, described as a cheerful, approachable and powerful man who loves the town and is not known for his bad temper. In the story, he has a sudden, unexpected display of anger, the reason for which is yet to be revealed.

Kapitan Lucas (Town captain Lucas) - the gobernadorcillo of Tulig and is in danger of losing his government position if he does not please Padre Agaton on the upcoming Easter fiesta.

Aleng Anday (Miss Anday) - female friend of Padre Agaton and the only person whom the curate loves. She is an extremely disciplined woman whom everybody admires for her generosity

Hanna Malonzo - Manila-raised daughter of Kapitan Lucas, who returned to Tulig for her aunt's funeral

Tenyente Tato (Lieutenant Tato) - lieutenant-general of the guardia civil.

Don Segundo - the Juez de paz or peace officer of the town.

Kapitan Tibo - next-in-line to the gobernadorcillo office.

Ika-17 ng Pebrero 1889 nang isulat ni Jose Rizal – gamit ang wikang Tagalog – ang liham na ito habang ginagawa ang anotasyon sa aklat ni Morga. Isinulat niya ito sa London, limang araw matapos ipaalam sa kanya ni Marcelo H. del Pilar ang isang mahalagang pangyayari sa bayan ng Malolos. Ayon sa pagsasalaysay, ika-12 ng Disyembre 1888 nang may 20 kadalagahan ng Malolos ang naghain ng petisyon kay Gobernador-Heneral Weyler upang magtayo ng isang "panggabing paaralan." Layunin nila na mag-aral ng wikang Español sa ilalim ni Teodoro Sandiko, isang propesor sa Latin. Gayunpaman, hindi sinang-ayunan ni Padre Felipe Garcia, ang kura paroko, ang petisyon.

Sa mga Kababaihan sa Malolos

Naging dahilan ito upang hindi rin pumayag ang gobernador-heneral na maitatag ang paaralan. Sa kabila ng pagtutol, hindi dagliang sumuko ang mga kadalagahan sa kanilang layunin. Patuloy silang nanawagan at nang lumaon, pumayag na rin ang pamahalaan na maitatag ang paaralan, bagama't tumagal lamang ito ng tatlong buwan. Si Señora Guadalupe Reyes ang nagsilbing guro ng mga kadalagahan.

This unfinished manuscript of Rizal was not given a title. It is sometimes also entitled The Lord Gazes at the Philippine Islands or The Divine Wrath. It is quite possibly the early draft of a novel that never came to completion.

The Friars and the Filipinos

Noli Me Tángere (Touch me Not / Don't touch me) – is a novel written by José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, during the colonization of the country by Spain to expose the inequities of the Spanish Catholic priests and the ruling government. The title, in Latin meaning Touch me not, refers to John 20:17 in the Bible (King James Version) as Mary Magdalene tried to touch the newly risen Jesus, He said "Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father."[1] Early English translations of the novel used titles like An Eagle Flight (1900) and The Social Cancer (1912), disregarding the symbolism of the title,

Noli Me Tangere

but the more recent translations were published using the original Latin title. It has also been noted by French writer D. Blumentritt that “Noli me tangere” was a name used by ophthalmologists for cancer of the eyelids. That as an ophthalmologist himself Rizal was influenced by this fact is suggested in his dedication, “To My Country”.

Originally written in Spanish, the book is more commonly published and read in the Philippines in either Filipino or English. Together with its sequel, El Filibusterismo, the reading of Noli is obligatory for high school students throughout the archipelago.

El Filibusterismo (lit. Spanish for "The Filibustering"[1]), also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed,[2] is the second novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli Me Tángere and, like the first book, was written in Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium.

The novel's dark theme departs dramatically from the previous novel's hopeful and romantic atmosphere, signifying the character Ibarra's resort to solving his country's issues through violent means, after his previous attempt at reforming the country's system have made no effect and seemed impossible with the attitudes of the Spaniards towards the Filipinos.

El Filibusterismo

The novel along with its predecessor were banned in some parts of the Philippines as a result of their portrayals of the Spanish government's abuse and corruption. These novels along with Rizal's involvement in organizations that aim to address and reform the Spanish system and its issues led to Rizal's exile to Dapitan and eventual execution. Both the novel and its predecessor, along with Rizal's last poem, are now considered Rizal's literary masterpieces.