(1) a(photo)copy,(2)blurb on abook jacket kop N3

(1)autograph,(2) sign,(3)sine sain N3

(1)diagram,(2)(railway)schedule,(3)diamond daiya N3

(1) glass,(2) grass gurasu N3

(1) knock,(2) fungo(baseball) nokku N3

(1)overcoat,(2) over b N3

(1) pipe,tube,(2)channels,official orotherwise paipu N3

(1)platform,(2)home hmu N3

1

(1) pleasedo for me(precededby -te),(2)reception,beinggiven,get(spoken) chdai N3

(1) service,supportsystem,(2)goods orserviceswithoutcharge sbisu N3

(1) truck,(2)(running)track torakku N3

(abbr)demo,demonstration demo N3

(abbr) kilo-,kilogram,kilometre, kiro N3

(abbr) kilo-,kilogram,kilometre,10^3 kiro N3

2

(at) anytime,always, atall times,never (neg) itsudemo N3

(conj,exp,int) Thankyou arigat N3

(electric)iron airon N3

(fam) you(sing) omae N3

(female)you mightsay m N3

(n) energy(de:Energie) enerug N3

(n) paint(nl: pek) penki N3

(Western)soup spu N3

a brake burki N3 a center sent N3

a little,partially,somewhat,a shorttime,awhile yaya N3

3

about,roughly, asa rule,approximately oyoso N3

absent-minded,block-head,dim,faint,vague bonyari N3

accordingto yoruto N3

Ah!, Oh! a N3 album arubamu N3 all, every arayuru N3

all,altogether,entirely,bejust like,thesplittingimage of sokkuri N3

almost,roughly,approximately hobo N3

also,as Ithought,still,in spiteof,absolutely,of course yahari N3

4

always,usually,every time,never (withneg. verb) itsumo N3

and soshite N3

anyhow,atany rate,anyway,somehowor other,generallyspeaking,inany case tonikaku N3

bag, baggu N3 ball,bowl bru N3

besurprised,beamazed,befrightened,astonishment bikkuri N3

because nazenara N3 beer bru N3

beforelong,soon,at length yagate N3

Belt forwesternclothes beruto N3

bench benchi N3 boy bi N3

5

bun,van(caravan),VAN(value-addednetwork) ban N3

but (still),and yet,nevertheless,evenso,notwithstanding soredemo N3

but,because,even,also,too datte N3

by allmeans,atany cost,nomatterwhat dshitemo N3

by the way,even if,nomatterwhat tokorode N3

camp kyanpu N3 captain kyaputen N3 car k N3 card,curd kdo N3

carefree,atleisure nonbiri N3

case ksu N3

6

chance,opportunity chansu N3

chattering,talk, idletalk oshaberi N3

cheese chzu N3 Christmas kurisumasu N3 classic(s) kurashikku N3 coach kchi N3

code,cord,chord kdo N3

computer konpyt N3

Congratulations!,anauspiciousoccasion! omedet N3

consecutively,throughout,alot zutto N3

considerably,fairly,quite kanari N3

correctly,surely masani N3

cream kurmu N3 Damn it! shimatta N3 dance dansu N3

date,go ona date dto N3

drama dorama N3 dress doresu N3

7

drive,tripby car,driving doraibu N3

each,every,either,respectively,severally sorezore N3

engine enjin N3 Europe yroppa N3

eventually,sooner orlater,of thepreviouslymentioned sonouchi N3

exactly,neatly,sharp pittari N3

expressionof gratitudebeforemeals itadaki masu N3

face of theearth sotto N3

feeldisappointed,bedejected,lose heart gakkari N3

feelingrefreshed,feelingrelieved,neat,trimmed sappari N3

8

fixedly,firmly,patiently,quietly jitto N3

forever, forgood,eternally,as long asone likes,indefinitely itsu made mo N3

free ofcharge, tada N3

frequently,repeatedly,incessantly,eagerly shikirini N3

full,inplenty,ample tappuri N3

game gmu N3

gargle,rinsemouth u gai N3

gettingnervous,irritation iraira N3

gland,grand,(electrical)ground gurando N3

goal gru N3

good,nice,pleasant,ok yoi N3

group gurpu N39

handsome hansamu N3

hello,goodday(daytimegreeting,id) konnichiwa N3

here andthere achikochi N3

hiking haikingu N3

how,howmuch donnani N3

however dakedo N3

however,while,evenif tokoroga N3

humor ymoa N3

I beg yourpardon,excuse me gomennasai N3

ice cream aisukurmu N3 if moshimo N3

if at allpossible dekireba N3

in short,inbrief,inotherwords tsumari N3

increasingly,moreand more masumasu N3

ink inku N3

10

intolerable,unbearable,unendurable tamaranai N3

it,that sore N3 jeans jnzu N3

juice,softdrink,deuce jsu N3

lighter,rider,writer rait N3

locket,rocket roketto N3

lovely,dreamy,beautiful,great suteki N3

lovely,sweet kawairashii N3

Mama mama N3 market mketto N3

may,might,perhaps,may be,possibly kamoshirenai N3

member menb N3 memorandum memo N3 mike maiku N3 mike maiku N3 milk miruku N3

11

miss(mistake,error,failure),Miss misu N3

moreover,furthermore,nevertheless,andyet shikamo N3

must notdo, bad,wrong, notgood ikenai N3

no n N3

nonsense,that'simpossible, masaka N3

not very,not much,remainder,rest anmari N3

nothing nanimo N3 office ofisu N3

often,againand again,frequently shibashiba N3

often,repeatedly,frequently tabitabi N3

on purpose wazato N3 or, possibly aruiwa N3 or,or else soretomo N3 out auto N3

12

passport pasupto N3

path,pass(in games) pasu N3

percent psento N3

perfectly,properly,exactly chanto N3

perhaps osoraku N3 picnic pikunikku N3 pilot pairotto N3 pin pin N3 plan puran N3

playingcards (lit:trump) toranpu N3

plus purasu N3

poor,pitiable,pathetic kawais N3

precisely,accurately kichinto N3

professional puro N3

proprietor,manager,barowner,master (e.g. arts,science) masut N3

quite,entirely,completely marude N3

13

racket,paddle, raketto N3

report,paper repto N3

roughly,inroundnumbers zatto N3

rowingboat bto N3

scissors hasami N3

selfishness,wilfulness,whim wagamama N3

set setto N3

simile,metaphor,allegory tatoe N3

skate(s),skating sukto N3

skiing suk N3

/slowly,atease yukkuri / to N3

smilesweetly,smile,grin nikkori N3

so (conj),accordingly,now,then,thereupon sokode N3

so,like this,in this way konnani N3

sofa,couch sof N3

14

sometime,someday,one day itsuka N3

somewhere,anywhere dokoka N3

sorry,excuse me sumimasen N3

soundasleep,fastasleep gussuri N3

speech supchi N3 stand sutando N3 star sut N3

stinginess,miser,miserliness kechi N3

straight,mischief,ordinary,common nao N3

style sutairu N3

suddenly,casually,accidentally,incidentally,unexpectedly,unintentionallyfuto N3

switch suicchi N3 team chmu N3

tease,prank,trick,practicaljoke itazura N3

tent tento N3

15

terrible,dreadful,terrific,amazing,great sugoi N3

that is,namely,i.e. sunawachi N3

the so-called, soto speak iwayuru N3

therefore desukara N3 these korera N3

tight,close,intense kitsui N3

to be ableto,to beready,tooccur dekiru N3

to finish, toclose, putan end shimau N3

to groan, tomoan unaru N3

to talk,tochat,tochatter shaberu N3

to thatextent, tothat degree annani N3

ton ton N3 top toppu N3 towel taoru N3

16

tunnel tonneru N3 typewriter taipurait N3

unexpected,offensive,Whata thing tosay!,Noway! tondemonai N3

unfortunately,Sorry,but.... ainiku N3

very,considerably,easily nakanaka N3

video bideo N3 violin baiorin N3 welcome irasshai N3

well,now,then sate N3

well,properly,suitably,bestregards,pleaserememberme yoroshiku N3

what,whatkind of donna N3

which,either, one izure N3

whisky uisuk N3 wine wain N3

17

with aclash(thud),witha bang,plump,flop battari N3

withoutchange,asit is (i.e.now) sonomama N3

yacht yotto N3

Yes, Uh-huh, I see, h N3

love ai N3 love, affection aijou N3 sign, signal aizu N3 to love aisuru N3 companion, partner, company aite N3

lamplight, light (in general),brightness akari N3

room, time to spare, emptiness aki N3 obvious, evident, clear akiraka N3 to give up, to abandon akirameru N3

to get tired of, to lose interest in,to have enough akiru N3

handshake a kushi ? N3 devil, demon, evil spirit akuma N3 to dawn, to become daylight akeru N3

to give into custody, to entrust,to deposit azukeru N3

sweat, perspiration ase N3 to give, to present, to award ataeru N3

18

() warm, mild atataka ( i ) N3

vicinity, nearby atari N3

to be hit, to be successful, to beequivalent to ataru N3

to handle, to deal with, to treat atsukau N3

gathering, meeting, assembly,collection atsumari N3

to hit, to apply a patch ateru N3

(1) trace, tracks, mark, sign, (2)remains, ruins, (3) scar ato N3

hole ana N3

to bathe, to bask in the sun, toshower abiru N3

oil abura N3

not very (used as adverb),notmuch amari N3

error ayamari N3 Coarse arai N3 storm, tempest arashi N3 new, fresh, novel arata N3 to express, to show, to reveal arawasu N3 to show, to indicate, to display arawasu N3 embodiment, materialization araware N3

(1) to appear, to come in sight,to become visible,(2) to expressoneself arawareru N3

to be, to have(used forinanimate objects) aru N3

a certain...,some... aru N3

19

bubble, foam, froth, head onbeer awa N3

to join together, to be opposite,to face, to unite awaseru N3

helpless, pity, sorrow, grief aware N3 plan, suffix meaning draft an N3 memorization, learning by heart anki N3 stability, equilibrium antei N3

information, guidance, leading,to guide annai. suru N3

stomach i N3 committee member iin N3 same as in spoken ie N3 unexpected, surprising igai N3 breath, tone iki N3 / going, iki / yuki N3 force, vigour, energy, spirit ikioi N3 living thing, animal iki mo no N3 how many?, how old? ikutsu N3 how much?, ikura N3 doctor, physician ishi N3 mind, intention ishi N3 will, volition ishi N3 maintenance, preservation iji N3 consciousness, senses ishiki N3

strangeness, abnormality,disorder ijou N3

chair isu N3 spring, fountain izumi N3

20

ago since, before, previous izen N3 board, plank ita N3 greatness idai N3

(sl) to embrace, to hug, toharbour, to entertain idaku N3

to receive, to take food or drink(hum) Itadaku N3

pain, ache, sore, grief, distress itami N3 to come, to arrive itaru N3 market, fair ichi N3

place, situation, position,location ichi N3

moment, time ichiji N3 all at once ichidoni N3 (the) market (as a concept) ichiba N3 best, first, number one ichiban N3

a house, a home, a family, ahousehold ikka N3

a species, a kind, a variety isshi ? N3 a moment, an instant isshun N3

whole life, a lifetime, all throughlife isshou N3

much more, still more, all themore iss N3

(1) one object, one body,(2)what on earth?, really?,(3)generally ittai N3

(1) coincidence, agreement,(2)conformity icchi N3

general, liberal, universal,ordinary, average ippan N3

21

(1) on the other hand,(2)meanwhile,(3) only, simple, inturn ipp N3

removal, migration, movement id N3 cousin (male) itoko N3 rice-plant ine N3 dozing, nodding off inemuri N3 ,life, destiny inochi N3

violation (of law),transgression,infringement, breach iwan N3

clothes ifuku N3 living room (western style) ima N3 before long, even now imani N3 at any time, soon imanimo N3 no, the nose iya N3 since, henceforth irai N3

(1) request, commission,dispatch,(2) dependence, trust irai N3

medical care, medical treatment iry N3 rock, crag iwa N3 celebration, festival iwai N3 to congratulate, to celebrate iwau N3 so to speak iwaba N3 printing insatsu N3 impression inshou N3 retire intai N3 quotation, citation iny N3 fish uo N3 (hon) to visit, to ask, to inquire ukagau N3

22

to receive, to get, to accept, totake uketoru N3

to move, to shift ugokasu N3 rabbit, hare usagi N3 cattle, cow ushi N3 to lose, to part with ushinau N3

afterwards, since then, in thefuture, behind ushiro N3

lie, falsehood, incorrect fact,inappropriate uso N3

to doubt, to distrust, to besuspicious of, to suspect utagau N3

inside uchi N3 universe, cosmos, space uchi ?u N3 to attack, to defeat, to destroy utsu N3 to remove, to transfer, to infect utsusu N3

to sue (a person),to resort to, toappeal to uttaeru N3

to snatch away ubau N3

(1) horse,(2) promoted bishop(shogi) uma N3

be good at, delicious (spoken) umai N3 birth, birth-place umare N3

plum, plum-tree, lowest (of athree-tier ranking system) ume N3

to betray, to turn traitor to, todouble-cross uragiru N3

to get, to gain, to win uru N3 happy, glad, pleasant ureshii N3 to be sold ureru N3

23

rumour, report, gossip, commontalk uwasa N3

fortune, luck un N3

operation, motion, driving, todrive unten. suru N3

motion, exercise, to exercise und. suru N3

handle, grip e N3

eternity, perpetuity, immortality,permanence eien N3

eternity ,perpetuity, immortality eiky N3 influence, effect eiky N3 business, trade, management eigyou N3 satellite eisei N3 nutrition, nourishment eiyou N3 smiling face egao N3

to draw, to paint, to sketch, todepict, to describe egaku N3

feed, bait esa N3 to get, to gain, to win eru N3 circle, money en N3 relation, connection, ties, fate en N3 postponement, adjournment enki N3 acting, performance engi N3 assistance, aid, support enjo N3 speech, address enzetsu N3 musical performance ens N3 diffidence, restraint, reserve en ri ? N3 honourable o N3

24

old age, old person, the old, theaged oi N3

to overtake, to catch up (with) oitsuku N3 king, ruler, sovereign, monarch ou N3 to chase, to run after ou N3 king ousama N3 prince ji N3

to respond, to satisfy, to accept,to comply with, to apply for jiru N3

crossing oudan N3 to finish oeru N3 very, much, greatly ini N3

to cover, to hide, to conceal, towrap, to disguise oou N3

rich family, distinguished family ya N3 hill, height, knoll, rising ground oka N3 open sea oki N3 interior, inner part oku N3

to send, to give to, to award to,to confer on okuru N3

to occur, to happen okoru N3 very young, childish osanai N3

to obtain, to reap, to pay, tosupply, to accept osameru N3

pollution, contamination osen N3 to fear, to be afraid of osoreru N3 terrible, dreadful osoroshii N3 mutual, reciprocal, each other otagai N3 calm, gentle, quiet odayaka N3

25

man otokonohito N3

to fall behind, to be inferior to otoru N3 stomach, tummy onaka N3

ogre, demon, it (i.e., in a gameof tag) oni N3

band (e.g. conduction, valence) obi N3 lunch, noon ohiru N3 to be drowned, to indulge in oboreru N3

memories, recollections,reminiscence omoide N3

mainly, primarily omoni N3 unintentional, spontaneous omowazu N3 swimming oyogi N3 to exert, to cause, to exercise oyobosu N3 to be (animate),to be, to exist oru N3 to lower, to let go down orosu N3 to take down, to launch, to drop orosu N3 sound, note on N3

favour, obligation, debt ofgratitude on N3

warmth ondan N3 temperature ondo N3 passable ka N3

counter for chapters (of a book)section ka N3

meeting, assembly, party,association, club kai N3

counter for occurrences kai N3

26

injury, harm, evil influence,damage gai N3

member, the membership kaiin N3 picture, paintings kaiga N3 foreign, abroad, overseas kaigai N3 account, finance, accountant kaikei N3 settlement, solution, resolution kaiketsu N3 meeting, assembly kaigou N3 diplomacy gaikou N3

start, commencement,beginning kaishi N3

explanation, interpretation kaishaku N3 outing, going out gaishutsu N3 betterment, improvement kaizen N3

pleasant, agreeable,comfortable kaiteki N3

recovery (from illness),improvement, rehabilitation,restoration kaifuku N3

to keep, to raise, to feed kau N3/

to exchange, to interchange, tosubstitute, to replace kaeru N3

aroma, fragrance, scent, smell kaori N3 painter, artist gaka N3

to hold or carry under or in thearms kakaeru N3

price, value, cost kakaku N3 chemistry kagaku N3 to shine, to glitter, to sparkle kagayaku N3 official, duty, person in charge kakari N3

27

to take (e.g. time, money, etc),tohang kakaru N3

to suffer from kakaru N3 key kagi N3 to restrict,to limit,to confine kagiru N3

to draw,to paint,to sketch,todepict,to describe kaku N3

furniture kagu N3

learning,scholarship,erudition,knowledge gaku N3

picture frame gaku N3

resolution, resignation,readiness, preparedness kakugo N3

certainty, reliability, soundness kakujitsu N3 scholar gakushi ? N3 study,learning gakush N3 to hide,to conceal kakusu N3 magnification, enlargement kakudai N3 affirmation, confirmation kakunin N3 scholarship, study, learning gakumon N3

to hide, to be hidden, to concealoneself, to disappear kakureru N3

shade, shadow, other side kage N3 shade,shadow,other side kage N3 to be lacking kakeru N3

addition and subtraction,allowance for kagen N3

the past,bygone days,theprevious kako N3

basket,cage kago N3

28

to surround,to encircle kakomu N3 conflagration,fire kasai N3 pastry kashi N3 housework,domestic chores kaji N3 wise,clever,smart kashikoi N3 singer kashi ? N3 number,figure kazu N3 to earn income,to labor kasegu N3 to count kazoeru N3

mold,model,style,shape,data-type kata N3

shoulder kata N3

solid,hard (esp. metal, stone),unpolished writing katai N3

persons,this and that,here andthere,everywhere katagata N3

shape, form katachi N3 sword,saber,knife,engraving tool katana N3 to talk,to tell,to recite kataru N3 win,victory kachi N3 value,worth,merit kachi N3 energy,liveliness kakki N3 term (school) gakki N3

shape,form,posture,suitability,appearance kakk N3

action,activity katsud N3 conjugation,practical use katsuy N3 to be sad,to mourn for,to regret kanashimu N3

29

(not) always,(not) necessarily,(not) all,(not) entirely kanarazushimoN3

(1) gold,(2) gold general (shogi)(abbr) kane N3

possible,practicable,feasible kan N3 share,stock,stump (of tree) kabu N3

to put on , wear, cover (one's)head, kaburu N3

to mind,to care about,to beconcerned about kamau N3

patience,endurance,perseverance gaman N3

(1) first volume,(2) superiorquality,(3) governmental kami N3

god kami N3 thunder kaminari N3 hair (head) kaminoke N3

(school) subject,curriculum,course kamoku N3

(abbr) Tuesday kayou N3 empty kara N3 pattern gara N3

to cut (hair),to mow (grass),toharvest karu N3

they (usually male) karera N3 river kawa N3 river,stream kawa N3

skin,hide,leather,fur,pelt,bark,shell kawa N3

leather kawa N3 can,tin kan N3

30

perception,intuition,the sixthsense kan N3

thinking,thought,ideas,intention kangae N3 sense,sensation kankaku N3 audience,spectator(s) kankyaku N3 environment,circumstance kanky N3 welcome,reception kangei N3 sightseeing kank N3 observation,survey kansatsu N3 feeling,sense,impression kanji N3 thanks,gratitude kansha N3 a patient kanja N3

calculation,counting,consideration kanj N3

emotion(s),feeling(s),sentiment kanj N3 to feel,to sense,to experience kanjiru N3 admiration,Well done! kanshin N3 concern,interest kanshin N3 to concern,to be related kansuru N3

(1) complete,completion,(2)perfection,accomplishment kansei N3

perfection,completeness kanzen N3

being deeply moved,excitement,impression,deep emotion kand N3

supervision,control,superintendence kantoku N3

control,management (e.g. of abusiness) kanri N3

completion,conclusion kan ry N3 relation,connection,relevance kanren N3

31

member of the Diet, congress orparliament giin N3

memory,recollection,remembrance kioku N3

temperature kion N3 machine,mechanism kikai N3 Diet,congress,parliament gikai N3 period,term kikan N3 organ,mechanism,facility,engine kikan N3 enterprise,undertaking kigi ?u N3 to be effective kiku N3 humour,temper,mood kigen N3 climate kik N3 bank,coast,shore kishi N3 birthplace kiji N3 article,news story,report,account kiji N3 engineer,technician gishi N3 reporter kisha N3 wound,injury,hurt,cut kizu N3 expectation,anticipation,hope kitai N3 returning home kitaku N3 precious,valuable kichou N3 chairman gichou N3

to notice,to recognize,tobecome aware of kizuku N3

to be pleased with,to suit kiniiru N3 entry,filling in of forms ki ni ?u N3 commemoration,memory kinen N3 function,faculty kin N3

32

pitiful,a pity kinodoku N3 contribution,donation kifu N3 hope,wish,aspiration kibou N3 foundation,basis,standard kihon N3

settlement,conclusion,regulation,rule kimari N3

-like,-looking,-looked kimi N3 strange,queer,curious kimi ?u N3 duty,obligation,responsibility gimu N3 question,problem,doubt,guess gimon N3 reverse,opposite gyaku N3 ex- ky N3

class, grade, rank,school class,grade ky N3

globe,sphere,ball ky N3 / nine ky / ku N3 holiday,day off,furlough kyka N3 rest,break,recess,intermission kykei N3 sudden,precipitous,radical kygeki N3

absorption,suction,attraction kysh N3

relief,aid,rescue kyjo N3 rapid (e.g. progress) kysoku N3 suddenly kyni N3

salary,wages kyry N3

skillful,handy kiy N3

text book kykasho N3

33

game,match,contest kygi N3 manners gyougi N3

supply,provision kyky N3

teacher (classroom) kyshi N3 teaching,instruction,professor kyji ? N3

emphasis,stress,stressed point kychou N3

commonness,community kyts N3

cooperation,association,collaboration,joint kyd N3

be afraid,dread,dismay,terror kyfu N3

cooperation,collaboration ki ?uryoku N3

herculean strength,mountaincarrier-guide ki ?uryoku N3

permission,approval ki ?ka N3 a bureau, department kyoku N3 a pole kyoku N3 huge,gigantic,enormous ki ?dai N3 to hate,to dislike,to loathe kirau N3 fog,mist kiri N3 cloth,piece,cut,chop kire N3

(1) to cut well,to be sharp,(2) tobreak (off) kireru N3

record,minutes,document kiroku N3 argument,discussion,dispute giron N3

(1) gold,(2) gold general (shogi)(abbr) kin N3

34

(1) silver,silver coin,silver paint gin N3 No Smoking! kinen N3 amount of money kingaku N3

safe,vault,treasury,provider offunds kinko N3

prohibition,ban kinshi N3 money,cash kinsen N3 metal kinzoku N3 modern ages kindai N3

tension,mental strain,nervousness kinch N3

muscle,sinew kinniku N3 finance, monetary circulation, kinyuu N3 (abbr) Friday kiny N3 nine ku N3 sentence ku N3 (male) (vulg) to eat kuu N3

(by) chance,unexpectedly,suddenly gzen N3

stink, smelly (bad) kusai N3 chain kusari N3 to rot,to go bad kusaru N3

a habit (often a bad habit),peculiarity kuse N3

pipe,tube kuda N3 concrete,tangible,material gutai N3 (hon) to give,to confer kudasaru N3

down-train (going away fromTokyo) kudari N3

pain,agony kutsuu N335

distinction,differentiation,classification kubetsu N3

class,group,team,set kumi N3 association,union kumiai N3 to put together kumu N3

cloudiness,cloudy weather,shadow kumori N3

grade,rank,about kurai N3

living,livelihood,subsistence,circumstances kurashi N3

to live,to get along kurasu N3

to repeat,to do something overagain kurikaesu N3

to go mad,to get out of order kuruu N3 painful,difficult kurushii N3 to suffer,to groan,to be worried kurushimu N3 year end,sunset,nightfall,end kure N3 troubles,hardships kur N3 to append,to sum up,to add (up) kuwaeru N3

knowing very well,detailed,full,accurate kuwashii N3

to join in,to accede to,toincrease,to gain in (influence) kuwawaru N3

native Japanese reading of aChinese character kun N3

army,force,troops gun N3 army,troops guntai N3 practice,training kunren N3 under,below,beneath ge N3 respect,honour keii N3

36

management,administration keiei N3

plan,project,schedule,scheme,program,to plan keikaku. suru N3

business climate, condition,state keiki N3

experience, to experience keiken. suru N3

tendency,trend,inclination keikou N3 warning,advice keikoku N3 calculation,reckoning keisan N3 notice,bulletin keiji N3 a police detective keiji N3 (fine) art,the arts ge iji ?tsu N3 contract,compact,agreement keiyaku N3 go by the way,via keiyu N3

injury (to animate object),hurt, toinjure kega. suru N3

drama,play geki N3 theatre,playhouse gekij N3 make-up (cosmetic) keshou N3 result,consequence kekka N3 defect,fault,deficiency kekkan N3 after all,eventually kekkyoku N3 determination,resolution kesshin N3 absence,non-attendance kesseki N3 decision,determination kettei N3 faults,defect,weakness ketten N3

Monday getsuybi N3

conclusion ketsuron N337

smoke,fumes kemuri N3 ticket,coupon,bond,certificate ken N3 prefecture ken N3 a couter for house ken N3 quarrel,(drunken) brawl,failure kenka N3 opinion,point of view kenkai N3 limit,bound genkai N3 cash,ready money,mercenary, genkin N3 language gengo N3 health,sound,wholesome kenk N3

inspection (e.g. customs,factory),examination kensa N3

present,up to now,nowadays,modern times,current genzai N3

reality genjitsu N3 phenomenon genshou N3

present condition,existing state,status quo genji ?u N3

construction,establishment kensetsu N3

nowadays,modern times,present-day gendai N3

construction,architecture kenchiku N3

be found,aim,estimate,guess,approx kent N3

consideration,examination,investigation,study,scrutiny kent N3

actual spot,scene,scene of thecrime genba N3

constitution kenp N3 right,privilege kenri N3

38

afterwards,since then,in thefuture go N3

suffix for language,word go N3 love,tender passion koi N3

thick (as of color, liquid),dense,strong koi N3

lover,sweetheart koibito N3 good luck,fortune kun N3 lecture,address ken N3

effect,effectiveness,efficacy,result kka N3

coin kka N3 high price kka N3

wonderful,gorgeous,splendor,pomp,extravagance gouka N3

success,passing (e.g. exam),eligibility goukaku N3

exchange,interchange,reciprocity kkan N3

aviation,flying kk N3 scene,spectacle kkei N3 sum total,total amount goukei N3

attack,strike,offensive,criticism,censure kgeki N3

contribution,services kken N3 advertisement kkoku N3

company,friendship,association,society,acquaintance ksai N3

the latter ksha N3 organization,composition ksei N3 high speed,high gear ksoku N3

39

action,conduct,behaviour,mobilization kd N3

robbery,burglary gout N3 happiness,blessedness kfuku N3 fairness,impartial,justice khei N3 candidacy kho N3

consideration,taking intoaccount kri ? N3

to exceed,to cross over,to cross koeru N3 ice,hail kri N3

to freeze,to be frozen over,tocongeal kru N3

misunderstanding gokai N3 language study gogaku N3 breath,respiration koky N3

home town,birthplace,oldvillage,historic village koky N3

national language kokugo N3 blackboard kokuban N3 subjugation,conquest kokufuku N3 national,people,citizen kokumin N3 grain,cereal,corn kokumotsu N3 here koko N3 hip koshi N3

break-down,failure,accident,outof order kosh N3

individual,private person,personal,private kojin N3

to go over (e.g. with audience) kosu N3 state,country,nation kokka N3

40

National Diet,parliament,congress kokkai N3

national or state border kokky N3 bone fracture kossetsu N3 parcel,package kodutsumi N3 thing,matter,fact,circumstances koto N3 to differ,to vary,to disagree kotonaru N3 proverb,maxim kotowaza N3 to refuse,to decline,to dismiss kotowaru N3 flour,meal,powder kona N3 this kono N3 liking,taste,choice konomi N3 to like,to prefer konomu N3 dust,dirtrubbish gomi N3 wheat komugi N3 hut,cabin,shed,(animal) pen koya N3

time,about,toward,approximately (time) koro N3

to kill korosu N3 to fall down,to fall over korobu N3 now,this time,lately konkai N3 from now on,hereafter kongo N3 congestion, konzatsu N3 difficulty,distress konnan N3 today,this day konnichi N3 engagement,betrothal konyaku N3

disorder,chaos,confusion,mayhem konran N3

difference,variation sa N3

41

on the occasion of,circumstances sai N3

highest,supreme,the most saikou N3 property,fortune,assets zaisan N3 last,final,closing saish N3 in the middle of sa ichi ?u N3 least,lowest,worst saitei N3 talent,ability sain N3 trial,judgement saiban N3 ingredients,material zairyou N3 happiness,blessedness saiwai N3 border,boundary,mental state sakai N3

to go against,to oppose,todisobey,to defy sakarau N3

the highest, the peak, prime sakari N3

work,operation,manufacturing,fatigue duty sagyou N3

work,opus,performance,production sakuhin N3

produce (e.g. agricultural),crops sakumotsu N3 cherry blossom,cherry tree sakura N3 alcohol,sake sake N3 to shout,to cry sakebu N3

(1) to avoid (physical contact ),(2) to ward off,to avert sakeru N3

to support, to hold, maintain sasaeru N3

to point,to put up umbrella,toplay sasu N3

seat zaseki N3

42

(1) to invite,to ask,(2) to tempt,tolure,to induce sasou N3

(1) token,label,(2) ticket,(3)charm satsu N3

author,writer,novelist,artist sakka N3 composition,setting (of music) sakkyoku N3 desert sabaku N3

discrimination,distinction,differentiation sabetsu N3

manners,etiquette,propriety sah N3 varied,various samazama N3 to awaken samasu N3 to wake,to wake up sameru N3

(1) left and right,(2) influence,control,domination sayuu N3

plate,dish sara N3

furthermore,again,after all,moreand more,moreover sarani N3

to leave,to go away saru N3 monkey saru N3 uproar,disturbance sawagi N3 participation sanka N3 reference,consultation sank N3

approval,agreement,support,favour sansei N3

oxygen sanso N3 walk,stroll sanpo N3 family name,lineage,birth shi N3 poem,verse of poetry shi N3 / four shi / yon N3

43

happiness,good fortune,luck,blessing shiawase N3

jet aeroplane jettoki N3 jet aeroplane jettoki N3 immediately,readily,directly jikani N3 to scold shikaru N3 equation,formula,ceremony shiki N3 earnestly,immediately,exactly jiki N3 time,season,period jiki N3 payment,allowance shiky N3 stimulus,impetus,incentive shigeki N3 resources shigen N3 event,affair,incident jiken N3 instant,time,moment jikoku N3 suicide jisatsu N3 fact,truth,reality jijitsu N3 expenditure,expenses shishutsu N3

circumstances,consideration,conditions,situation,reasons jiji ?u N3

poet shijin N3 by oneself,personally jishin N3 to sink,to feel depressed shizumu N3 nature,spontaneous shizen N3 thought,idea shis N3 tongue shita N3

(1) order,precedence,(2)circumstances,(3) immediate(ly) shidai N3

situation,present state of affairs jitai N3

44

to abide (by the rules),to obey,tofollow,to accompany shitagau N3

therefore,consequently,inaccordance with shitagatte N3

preparation, to prepare shitaku. suru N3

intimate,close (e.g. friend) shitashii N3 seven shichi. nana N3 quality,nature (of person) shitsu N3 unemployment shitsugyou N3 experiment jikken N3

implementation,materialization,realization jitsugen N3

practice,performance,execution(e.g. program),realization jikk N3

practical,actual condition,statusquo jissai N3

enforcement,enact,put intopractice,carry out,operation jisshi N3

indeed,truly,surely jitsuni N3 as a matter of fact,by the way jitsuwa N3 disappointment,despair shitsubou N3 branch store (office) shiten N3 leadership,guidance,coaching shid N3 automatic,self-motion jid N3

thing,article,goods,dignity,article(goods),counter for mealcourses shina N3

rule,control,direction shihai N3 play,drama shibai N3

45

lawn shibafu N3 payment shiharai N3 to pay shiharau N3 death,mortality shibou N3 funds,capital shihon N3 sisters shimai N3 pride,boast jiman N3 business,office work jimu N3

to denote,to show,to point out,toindicate shimesu N3

(1) to comprise,to account for,tomake up (of),(2) to hold,tooccupy shimeru N3

under,below,beneath shimo N3 frost shimo N3 debt,loan,liabilities shakkin N3 hindrance,intrusion jama N3 week sh N3 a state, province, county sh N3 10,ten j N3 gun j N3

surroundings,circumference,environs shi N3

harvest,crop,ingathering shkaku N3 week,weekly shkan N3

religion shky N3

importance,stress,seriousconsideration jshi N3

46

finding employment,inauguration shshoku N3

amendment,correction,revision,modification shsei N3

congestion (e.g. traffic),delay,stagnation jtai N3

serious,important,grave,weighty jdai N3 resident,housing jtaku N3 group,mass shdan N3

concentration,focusing the mind shchi ?u N3

income,receipts,revenue sh ni ?u N3

citizens,inhabitants,residents,population jmin N3

important, momentous,essential, principal, major jy N3

repairing,mending shri N3 doctrine,rule,principle shi ?gi N3 lodging shukuhaku N3 surgical operation shujutsu N3 Prime Minister shush N3 means,way,measure shudan N3

claim,request,insistence,assertion shuch N3

graduate from,come from shusshin N3

attendance,presence, to attend

shusseki.suru N3

departure, to depart

shuppatsu.suru N3

47

publication shuppan N3 capital city shi ?to N3 housewife, shi ?fu N3 chief,main,principal,major shuy N3 demand,request ji ?you N3 variety,kind,type shi ?rui N3 order,turn jun N3 moment,second,instant shunkan N3

favourable,doing well,O.K.,allright junchou N3

turn (in line),order of things junban N3

preparation,arrangements,provision,reserve, to prepare junbi. suru N3

small shou N3 (1) chapter,section,(2) medal shou N3 prize,award shou N3

use,application,employment,utilization shiyou N3

(1) first volume,(2) superiorquality, ji ?u N3

obstacle,impediment (fault),damage shgai N3

scholarship shgakukin N3

passenger ji ?ukyaku N3

proceeding to the capital(Tokyo) ji ?ukyou N3

48

state of affairs,situation,circumstances ji ?ukyou N3

conditions,terms ji ?uken N3 noon,mid-day shougo N3 honesty,integrity,frankness shjiki N3 common sense jshiki N3

daughter,young lady,virgin,maiden,little girl shji ? N3

just a minute,small quantity shsh N3

symptoms,condition shji ?u N3

to produce,to yield,to resultfrom,to arise,to be generated shjiru N3

condition,situation,circumstances,state jtai N3

invitation, to invite shoutai. suru N3

improvement,advance,progress ji ?utatsu N3 jest,joke ji ?udan N3

consent,acceptance,assent,admitting, to consent shouchi. suru N3

superiority,first class,very good ji ?utou N3 collision,conflict shoutotsu N3 trader,shopkeeper,merchant shnin N3

recognition,acknowledgement,approval,consent,agreement shnin N3

boys,juveniles shounen N3

trade,business,commerce,transaction,occupation shoubai N3

49

consumption,expenditure shhi N3

commodity,article of commerce,goods,stock,merchandise shouhin N3

fire fighting,fire department shoubou N3 information,(military) intelligence ji ?uhou N3 proof,verification shoumei N3 queen ji ?ou N3 employment shoku N3

occupation,business shi ?kugyou N3

meal, to have a meal shokuji. suru N3

dining table shokutaku N3 commodity,foodstuff shokuhin N3 plant,vegetation shokubutsu N3 food,foodstuff shokumotsu N3 appetite (for food) shokuyoku N3

food shoku ry N3

provisions,rations shokury N3

study shosai N3 woman,girl joshi N3 helper,helpmeet,assistant,tutor ji ?shu N3

slowly,little by little,gradually,steadily,quietly jojoni N3

signature shomei N3 books shomotsu N3 actress ji ?yuu N3

50

processing,dealing with,treatment,disposition,disposal shori N3

documents,official papers shorui N3 notice shirase N3 buttocks,bottom shiri N3

(1) mark,(2) symbol,(3)evidence shirushi N3

castle shiro N3

going on to a higher levelschool, shingaku N3

nerve,sensitivity shinkei N3 seriousness,earnestness shinken N3 (religious) faith,belief,creed shink N3 traffic lights,signal,semaphore shingou N3

artificial,manmade,human work,human skill,artificiality jink N3

serious shinkoku N3 medical examination shinsatsu N3 race (of people) jin shi ? N3 to believe,to place trust in shinjiru N3

(human) life (i.e. conception todeath) jinsei N3

relative shinseki N3 fresh shinsen N3 heart (organ) shinzou N3 the body shintai N3 height (of body),stature shinch N3 discretion,prudence shinch N3

worry,concern,anxiety,care, toworry shinpai. suru N3

51

refereeing,trial,judgement,umpire,referee shinpan N3

character,personality,person,man,personage,talented man jinbutsu N3

progress,development shinpo N3 close friend,buddy shinyuu N3

confidence,dependence,credit,faith shiny N3

reliance,trust,confidence shinrai N3 pshcyology, mental state shinri N3 mankind,humanity jinrui N3 sandbank su N3

nest,rookery,breeding place,beehive,cobweb su N3

figure (e.g. Fig 1),drawing,picture,illustration zu N3

(1) level, standard, (2) waterlevel suijun N3

recommendation suisen N3 extremely zuibun N3 sleep suimin N3 number,figure suu N3 numeral,figure suuji N3 the end of,powder sue N3 figure,shape,appearance sugata N3

(1) to open,to become empty,(2)to be less crowded suku N3

to rescue from,to help out of sukuu N3 to surpass,to outstrip,to excel sugureru N3 anything of,not one bit sukoshimo N3

52

to pass,to spend,to go through,to tide over sugosu N3

muscle,string,line suji N3 to advance,to promote,to hasten susumeru N3

to recommend,to advise,toencourage,to offer (wine) susumeru N3

headache zutsuu N3 already,too late sudeni N3 wonderful,splendid,magnificent subarashii N3

all,the whole,entirely,in general,wholly subete N3

all,whole,entire,complete,overall,pan subete N3

to be finished sumaseru N3 to do suru N3 thereupon,hereupon suruto N3 pointed,sharp surudoi N3 height,stature sei N3 (logical) true,regular sei N3 sex,gender sei N3 cause,reason,fault sei N3 a tax zei N3 character,personality seikaku N3

accurate,punctuality,exactness,authenticity,veracity seikaku N3

century,era seiki N3

claim,demand,application,request seiky N3

tax,duty zeikin N3 clean seiketsu N3

53

restriction,restraint,limitation seigen N3 success,hit seik N3 production,manufacture seisan N3 due form,official,formality seishiki N3 mind,soul,heart,spirit,intention seishin N3 adult seijin N3

at the most,at best,to theutmost,as much (far) aspossible seizei N3

results,record seiseki N3 manufacture,production seizou N3 luxury,extravagance zeitaku N3 growth,grow to adulthood seich N3 system,institution,organization seido N3 youth,young man seinen N3

manufactured goods,finishedgoods seihin N3

government,administration seifu N3 raw food seibutsu N3 life,existence seimei N3

sorting,arrangement,adjustment,regulation seiri N3

cough seki N3 coal sekitan N3 duty,responsibility sekinin N3 oil,petroleum,kerosene sekiyu N3 world,society seken N3 theory setsu N3

54

positive,active,proactive sekkyoku teki N3

plan,design sekkei N3

absolute,unconditional,absoluteness zettai N3

equipment,device,facilities,installation setsubi N3

destruction,extinction zetsumetsu N3 economising,saving setsuyaku N3 certainly,without fail zehi N3 to condemn,to blame,to criticize semeru N3

looking after,help,aid,assistance, to look after sewa. suru N3

good,goodness,right,virtue zen N3

all members (unanimity),allhands,the whole crew zenin N3

major subject,special study senk N3

country-wide,nation-wide,wholecountry,national zenkoku N3

the other day,a few days ago senjitsu N3 the former zensha N3 (1) player (in game),(2) team senshi ? N3 advance,drive,progress zenshin N3

(1) wholly,entirely,completely,(2)not at all (with neg. verb) zenzen N3

whole,entirety,whatever (is thematter) zentai N3

selection,choice sentaku N3 so s N3 elephant zou N3

55

noise son N3 increase,addition zouka N3

operation,management,processing ssa N3

/

cleaning,sweeping, to clean, tosweep sji / sjisuru N3

imagination,guess szou N3 succession,inheritance szoku N3

/

consultation,discussiontoconsult, to discuss

sdan /sdansuru N3

equipment,installation,apparatus schi N3 suitable,fair,tolerable,proper st N3 speed,velocity,rate sokudo N3 bottom,sole soko N3

(1) organization,(2) structure,construction,(3) tissue,(4)system soshiki N3

to pour (into),to irrigate,to pay,tofill,to feed (e.g. a fire) sosogu N3

to raise (child),to be brought up,to grow (up) sodatsu N3

sleeve sode N3

to furnish,to provide for,to equip,to install sonaeru N3

the,that sono N3 side,edge,third person soba N3 crude,rough,plain,humble somatsu N3 loss,disadvantage son N3 damage,injury,loss songai N3

56

respect,esteem,reverence,honour sonkei N3

existence,being sonzai N3 respect,esteem,regard sonchou N3 rice field ta N3 other (esp. places and things) ta N3

stand,rack,table,support,counter for machine dai N3

title,subject,theme,topic dai N3

physical education,gymnastics,athletics taiiku N3

temperature (body) taion N3

convention,tournament,massmeeting,rally taikai N3

the air, atmosphere taiki N3 price,payment,cost,charge daikin N3 tedium,boredom taikutsu N3 stay,sojourn taizai N3 ambassador taishi N3

considerable,great,important,significant,a big deal taishita N3

target,object (of worship, study,etc),subject (of taxation, etc) taishou N3

cabinet minister daijin N3 to face,to confront,to oppose taisuru N3 great war,great battle taisen N3 usually,generally taitei N3 attitude,manner taido N3

president,chief executive daitoury N3

57

majority,mostly,generally taihan N3

representative,representation,delegation,type,example,model daihyou N3

most part,greater part,majority daibubun N3 awful,dreadful,terrible,very taihen N3 arrest,apprehension,capture taiho N3 sun,solar taiyou N3 flatness,level,smooth,calm,plain taira N3

representation,agency,proxy,deputy,agent dairi N3

continent tairiku N3

to throw down,to beat,to bringdown,to blow down taosu N3

however daga N3 mutual,reciprocal tagai N3 treasure takara N3 so,therefore dakara N3 house,home,husband taku N3 to ascertain, confirm tashikameru N3

more or less,somewhat,a little,some tash N3

to help,to save,to rescue tasukeru N3 mere,sole,only tada N3 battle,fight,struggle,conflict tatakai N3 to fight,to battle,to combat tatakau N3 to strike,to clap,to dust,to beat tataku N3

at once,immediately,directly,inperson tadachini N3

to stand up tachiagaru N3 standpoint,position,situation tachiba N3

58

to pass,to lapse tatsu N3 to reach,to get to tassuru N3

only (use with a word whichindicates numbers) tatta N3

length,height tate N3 valley tani N3

another person,unrelatedperson,outsider,stranger tanin N3

(1) seed,(2) material,(3) cause,source tane N3

handbreadth,bundle taba N3 counter for occurrences tabi N3 travel,trip,journey tabi N3 perhaps,probably tabun N3 ball,sphere,coin tama N3 globe,sphere,ball tama N3 bullet,shot,shell tama N3

casually,unexpectedly,accidentally,by chance tamatama N3

to be silent damaru N3 useless,no good,hopeless dame N3 trial,test tameshi N3 to attempt,to test tamesu N3

news, tidings, information,correspondence, letter tayori N3

to rely on,to have recourse to,todepend on tayoru N3

someone,somebody dareka N3

step,stair,flight of steps,grade,rank,level dan N3

59

unit,denomination,credit (inschool) tani N3

word,vocabulary,(usually)single-character word tango N3

a boy, a man, a male danshi N3 simplicity tanjun N3 birth tanj N3

organization,association, agroup dantai N3

(in) charge tantou N3 mere,simple,sheer tannaru N3 simply,merely,only,solely tanni N3 earth chi N3 (social) position,status chii N3 area,region chiiki N3 wisdom, intelligence, advice chie N3 basement,underground chika N3 difference,discrepancy chigai N3

(phrase) sure,no mistaking it,forcertain chigainai N3

lately,recently,nowadays chikagoro N3 the earth chiky N3 district,section,sector chiku N3 lateness,late coming chikoku N3 prefectural governor chiji N3 knowledge,information chishiki N3 father chichioya N3 intelligence,brains chinou N3 horizon chieisen N3

60

area,locality,district,region,thecoast chih N3

tea cha N3 inside,middle,among chi ?u N3 annotation,explanatory note chi ?u N3 centre,central,center,middle chi ?uou N3 middle school,junior high school chi ?ugaku N3 (1) used,second-hand,old chi ?uko N3

suspension, stoppage,discontinuance, interruption chshi N3

parking (e.g. car) chshi ? N3

lunch,midday meal chshoku N3

center,core,heart,pivot,emphasis,balance chshin N3

notice,attention,observation chi ?umoku N3 order,request chi ?umon N3 long time period chouki N3

investigation,examination,inquiry,survey chousa N3

condition, form, shape, tune,tone,key chshi N3

top,summit,peak chi ?ujou N3

(bank) savings chokin N3

direct,immediate,personal,firsthand chokusetsu N3

author,writer chosha N3 pair,couple,set tsui N3 finally,at last tsuini N3

61

passage through,passing tska N3 commuting to school tsgaku N3 passage,passing tsk N3

to run to,to lead to,tocommunicate,to understand tsjiru N3

correspondence,communication,news,signal tsshin N3

to be caught,to be arrested tsukamaru N3 to seize,to catch,to grasp tsukamu N3 tiredness,fatigue tsukare N3 moon,month tsuki N3

association,socializing,fellowship tsukiai N3

in succession,one by one tsugitsugi N3

to take (seat, position),to get (ajob) tsuku N3

to pour (into),to irrigate,to pay tsugu N3

to attach,to join,to add,toappend tsukeru N3

earth,soil tsuchi N3 sequel,continuation tsuzuki N3 bundle,package,parcel,bale tsutsumi N3

(1) service, business, job(2)Buddhist religious services tsutome N3

(1) service,duty, tsutome N3

to tie,to fasten,to connect,totransfer (phone call) tsunagu N3

always,constantly tsuneni N3 horn tsuno N3 wings tsubasa N3

62

crime,fault,indiscretion tsumi N3

to pack,to shorten,to work out(details) tsumeru N3

to pile up tsumoru N3

rainy season,rain during therainy season tsuyu N3

painful,heart-breaking tsurai N3 fishing tsuri N3 companion,company tsure N3 meeting,rendezvous,encounter deai N3

to meet by chance,to comeacross,to happen to encounter deau N3

proposal,proposition,suggestion teian N3 fixed term teiki N3

resistance,opposition, electricalresistance, teikou N3

presentation,submission,filing teishutsu N3

degree,amount,grade,standard,of the order of (following anumber) teido N3

bus or tram stop te iri ?ujo N3

enemy,rival teki N3 incident,affair,happening,event dekigoto N3 to fit,to suit tekisuru N3

pertinent,appropriate,adequate,relevance tekisetsu N3

moderate tekido N3 applying tekiy N3 as (much) (soon) as possible dekirudake N3

63

sleight of hand,conjuring trick,magic,juggling tejina N3

iron tetsu N3 philosophy tetsugaku N3 help,helper,assistant tetsudai N3 thoroughness,completeness tettei N3 railroad tetsud N3

all night,all night vigil,sleeplessnight tetsuya N3

then, in that case,if so dewa N3 time,labour tema N3 but,however demo N3 type,pattern,archetypal tenkei N3 weather tenk N3 electron denshi N3 tradition,convention dentou N3 nature,spontaneity tennen N3 counter for occurrences do N3 question,query toi N3 party (political) tou N3 tower,pagoda tou N3

examination paper,examinationscript touan N3

identity,sameness,similarity ditsu N3 copper coin dka N3 at that time,in those days tji N3 verb dshi N3

simultaneous(ly),concurrent,same time,synchronous dji N3

64

arrival touchaku N3 morals dtoku N3 voting,poll touhyou N3

identical,equal to,same (kind),like dy N3

coworker,colleague,associate dry N3 road,highway dro N3 10,ten t N3

to let pass,to overlook,tocontinue tsu N3

in accordance with ~,following~,~ Street,~ Avenue tri N3

to pass,to pass through trisugiru N3

city tokai N3

(1) time,hour,(2) occasion,moment toki N3

to unfasten, to solve toku N3 poison,toxicant doku N3 pride,triumph,prosperity tokui N3 reading dokusho N3

bachelorhood,single,unmarried,celibate dokushin N3

distinctive feature,characteristic tokuchou N3

peculiarity,uniqueness,characteristic dokutoku N3

independence (e.g. Ind. Day),self-support dokuritsu N3

to come untied,to come apart tokeru N3 mountain-climbing tozan N3

65

town,city,municipal,urban toshi N3

( months and years

toshitsuki (nengetsu) N3

books tosho N3 old people,the aged toshiyori N3

to close (e.g. book, eyes),toshut tojiru N3

just (now, at the moment, etc.) totan N3 plot of land,lot,soil tochi N3

abruptly,suddenly,unexpectedly,all at once totsuzen N3

to reach todoku N3 to skip over,to omit tobasu N3 to jump out,to rush out,to fly out tobidasu N3 to fasten,to turn off,to detain tomeru N3 friend,companion,pal tomo N3 sharing with,participate in tomoni N3

// Saturday doybi N3

tiger tora N3

to take up,to pick up,todisqualify,to confiscate,todeprive toriageru N3

great effort,exertion,endeavour,effort dori ?ku N3

which (of three or more) dore N3

to come off,to be taken off,to beremoved toreru N3

mud doro N366

name,reputation na N3 subject, contents, substance, naiy N3 relation,relationship naka N3

to drain,to float,to shed (blood,tears),to cruise (e.g. taxi) nagasu N3

middle,half,semi,halfway,partly nakaba N3

company,fellow,colleague,associate nakama N3

scene,view,prospect,outlook nagame N3 to view,to gaze at nagameru N3 stream,current nagare N3

to stream,to flow,to run (ink),tobe washed away nagareru N3

without nashi N3 riddle,puzzle,enigma nazo N3 consent,assent,understanding nattoku N3 et cetera,etc.,and the like nado N3 seven na na N3 what nani N3 something nanika N3 saucepan,pot nabe N3

(1) draft (beer),(2) raw,unprocessed na ma N3

(1) draft (beer),(2) raw,unprocessed na ma N3

to be idle,to neglect namakeru N3 wave nami N3 tear nami da N3 to be worried,to be troubled nayamu N3

67

to change,to be of use,to reachto naru N3

to become naru N3 rope,hemp na wa N3 Why?,What for? nande N3 by all means,everything nan demo N3

somehow,anyhow,one way oranother nantoka N3

to suit,to match,to become,to belike ni au N3

odour,scent,smell,stench nioi N3 poor (at),weak (in),dislike (of) niga te N3

to grasp,to hold a (thing) inone's hand, grip nigiru N3

sun,sunshine,day ni chi N3 ordinary,regular,everyday,usual ni chi ji ?u N3 Sunday ni chi y N3 sunlight ni kk N3 daytime,broad daylight ni cchuu N3

Japan

nippon. nihon N3

entry to school or university,matriculation ni ?ugaku N3

entrance,admission,entering nyj N3

popularity nin ki N3 human being,man,person ni n gen N3

to extract,to omit,to surpass,todraw out,to unplug nuku N3

68

to come out,to fall out,to beomitted nukeru N3

cloth nu no N3 to get wet nureru N3 root ne N3 value,price,cost,worth,merit ne N3 desire,wish,request negai N3 to desire,to wish,to request negau N3 (1) mouse,rat, nezumi N3 price,cost nedan N3 zeal,enthusiasm nesshin N3 tropics nettai N3

to devote oneself, be devotedto, be crazy about necch suru N3

year nen kan N3 months and years nen ge tsu N3 whole year,always,everyday nen j N3 age,era,period,date nen dai N3 age,years nen rei N3 field no N3 ability, talent, a Noh play n N3 farmer,farm family n ka N3 agriculture n gyo u N3 farmers,peasants no umi n N3 ability,faculty no uri ?ku N3 eaves noki N3

to leave (behind, over),tobequeath,to save,to reserve nokosu N3

69

remnant,residue,remaining,left-over nokori N3

to take on board,to give a ride noseru N3 to remove,to exclude,to except nozoku N3 wish,desire,(a) hope nozomi N3

to desire,to wish for,to see,tocommand (a view of) nozomu N3

afterwards,since then,in thefuture nochi N3

throat nodo N3

to lengthen,to stretch,to reachout,to grow (beard) nobasu N3

to stretch,to extend,to makeprogress,to grow (beard, bodyheight) nobiru N3

to state,to express,to mention noberu N3 to arise,to ascend,to go up noboru N3 place,field (physics) ba N3 ash hai N3

rainy season,rain during therainy season ba iu N3

delivery,distribution hai tatsu N3 actor,actress,player,performer hai y N3 grave,tomb haka N3 fool,idiot,trivial matter,folly baka N3 doctorate,PhD hakase N3 to measure,to weigh,to survey hakaru N3 to wear,to put on (lower body) haku N3 to breathe out, to vomit haku N3 clapping hands,applause hakushi ? N3

70

enormous,vast bakudai N3 explosion,detonation,eruption baku hatsu N3

museum

hakubutsukan N3

violent,vehement,intense hageshii N3 (personal) bankruptcy hasan N3

end (e.g. of street),edge,tip,margin,point hashi N3

origin,beginning hajimari N3 to unfasten,to remove hazusu N3 flag hata N3 skin wa da N3 naked,nude wa da ka N3 field hatake N3 20 years old, hatachi N3 work,labor hataraki N3 discovery,detection,finding hakken N3 issue (publications) hakk N3 departure of a vehicle hassha N3 to punish,to penalize bassuru N3 development,growth hattatsu N3 development,growth hatten N3 announcement,publication happy N3 invention hatsu mei N3 to discuss,to talk together hanashiau N3 to part,divide,separate hanasu N3 to separate,to set free hanasu N3

to be separated from,to leave,togo away,to be a long way off hanareru N3

71

counter for birds,counter forrabbits hane N3

width,breadth wa ba N3 mother wa wa oya N3

to omit,to eliminate,to curtail,toeconomize habuku N3

scene,setting (e.g. of novel) ba men N3 abdomen,belly,stomach hara N3

field,plain,prairie,tundra,moor,wilderness hara N3

needle,hand (e.g. clock) hari N3 to stick,to paste haru N3 counter for a number ban N3 extent,scope,sphere,range han i N3 opposition,resistance han k N3 crime han zai N3 judgement,decision han da n N3 offender,criminal han ni n N3 sale,selling,marketing han bai N3 light hi N3 damage hi gai N3 comparison hi kaku N3

to run somebody over (withvehicle),to knock someonedown hiku N3

tragedy hi geki N3 aviation hiko u N3 knee,lap hiza N3

emergency,extraordinary,unusual hiji ?u N3

72

beautiful person (woman) bijin N3 forehead,brow hitai N3 date,dating hizuke N3

inevitable death,desperation,frantic,inevitable result hisshi N3

(1) to pull,to draw,to stretch,todrag,(2) to pull the ball(baseball) hipparu N3

negation,denial,repudiation hi te i N3 single word hitokoto N3 crowd of people hito gomi N3 equal hitoshii N3 alone, hitori N3

one by one,each,one at a time hitorihitori N3

criticism,judgement,comment hi han N3 criticism,review,commentary hi hyou N3 secret,secrecy himi tsu N3 delicate,subtle bimyou N3 (1) string,cord,(2) pimp himo N3 table (e.g. Tab 1),chart,list hyou N3 cost,expense hiyo u N3 second (60th min) by N3

valuation,estimation,assessment,evaluation hyou ka N3

expression,presentation,representation (math) hyge n N3

facial expression hyj N3

73

equality (a),impartiality,evenness by d N3

fame,reputation,popularity,arrant hyou ban N3

surface,outside,face,appearance hyou men N3

to spread (out),to extend,tostretch,to reach to,to get around hirogaru N3

elegance, grace, dignity, hin N3 bottle bin N3 way,means bin N3 un,non,negative prefix fu N3 nothing,naught,nil,zero bu N3 dividing,part bu N3

anxiety,uneasiness,insecurity,suspense fu an N3

scenery f kei N3

married couple,husband andwife fu ufu N3

flute,pipe fue N3

wrong,bad,improper,unjustifiable,inadvisable fuka N3

weapon,arms,ordinance bu ki N3 dress, clothes fukus N3

to hold in the mouth,to bear inmind fukumu N3

bag,sack fuku ro N3

unhappiness,sorrow,misfortune,disaster,accident,death fuko u N3

tune,tone,knot,knob,point fushi N3 safety,peace,quietness bu ji N3

74

mystery,curiosity fushigi N3

discomfort,disability,inconvenience,destitution fuji yuu N3

wife,Mrs,madam fuji n N3 woman,female fuji n N3 injustice,unfairness fusei N3

to defend (against),to protect,toprevent fusegu N3

insufficiency,shortage,deficiency,lack,dearth fusoku N3

stage (theatre) buta i N3 twins,a twin futa go N3 again,once more,a second time futatabi N3

usually,habitually,ordinarily,always fudan N3

an edge, a brim, a rim, fuchi N3 to hit,to strike butsu N3

prices of commodities,prices (ingeneral) bukka N3

material,substance busshi tsu N3 physics butsu ri N3 writing brush fu de N3

ship,boat,watercraft,shipping,vessel,steamship fu ne N3

portion,section,part bu bun N3

complaint,discontent,dissatisfaction fu e i N3

dissatisfaction,displeasure,discontent,complaints,unhappiness fuma n N3

75

disadvantage,handicap,unfavorable,drawback furi N3

(1) to wave,to shake,to swing,(2) to sprinkle,(3) to cast (actor),to allocate (work) furu N3

to shiver,to shake,to quake furueru N3

to touch,to be touched,to touchon a subject,to feel,to violate(law, copyright, etc.),to perceive,t fureru N3

bath furo N3 dividing,part,segment bun N3 sentence bun N3

atmosphere (e.g. musical),mood,ambience fun iki N3

analysis bun seki N3 civilization,culture bun mei N3

field,sphere,realm,division,branch bun ya N3

wall,fence e i N3

equilibrium,balance,average,mean e iki n N3

peace,harmony e iwa N3 (not) particularly,nothing betsuni N3

to abate,to decrease,todiminish,to shorten herasu N3

to decrease (in size or number),to diminish,to abate heru N3

goblin,ghost,apparition,bugbear hen ka N3/

study, work, to study, to sell (athing) cheap

be n ky.suru N3

76

change,modification,alteration hen k N3 box lunch be n tou N3 side h N3 Act (law: the X Act) h N3 pole,rod,stick bou N3 risk,venture,adventure bou ken N3 direction,course,way hk N3 report,information h koku N3 gem,jewel h seki N3/

broadcast,broadcasting, tobroadcast h s. suru N3

abundance,wealth,plenty,bounty h fu N3

method,manner,way,means,technique h h N3

persons,this and that,here andthere,everywhere hb N3

call,visit h mon N3

to bark,to bay,to howl,to bellow,to roar,to cry hoeru N3

cheek (of face) h N3 some, other place, the rest hoka N3 pride hokori N3 dust hokori N3

guarantee, security, assurance,pledge, warranty hosho u N3

preservation, conservation,storage, maintenance hozo n N3

degree,extent,bounds,limit hodo N3 footpath,walkway,sidewalk hodo u N3

77

Buddha,merciful person,Buddhist image,the dead hotoke N3

bone ho ne N3 flame ho no o N3 cheek (of face) hoho N3 to smile hohoemu N3 to praise,to admire,to speak well homeru N3 moat hori N3

truth,reality hont. honto N3

the person himself honni n N3 genuine article hon mo no N3 space,room,time,pause ma N3 lost (stray) child maigo N3 to entrust to another,to leave to makaseru N3 curtain,bunting,act (in play) maku N3 defeat,loss,losing (a game) make N3 grandchild ma go N3 diligent,serious,honest majime N3 to increase,to grow masu N3

first (of all),to start with,about,almost,hardly (with neg. verb) mazu N3

poor, needy mazushii N3 again,and mata N3 yet,still,more,besides mada N3 (1) town, city machi N3 mistake machigai N3

(1) pine tree,(2) highest (of athree-tier ranking system) matsu N3

78

deep red,flushed (of face) makka N3 straight (ahead),direct,upright massugu N3 really,truly,entirely,completely mattaku N3 festival,feast matsuri N3

to study (in depth),to learn,totake lessons in manabu N3

mimicry,imitation,behavior,pretense mane N3

to invite maneku N3 beans,peas mame N3

to protect,to obey,to guard,toabide (by the rules) mamoru N3

circle,full (month),perfection,purity,suffix for ship names maru N3

round,circular,spherical marui N3 to turn,to revolve mawasu N3

circumference,surroundings,circulation mawari N3

by any chance manichi N3 satisfaction manzoku N3 body,main part,oneself,sword mi N3

fruit,nut,seed,content,goodresult mi N3

seeing one off,farewell,escort miokuri N3 friend,ally,supporter mi kata N3

splendid,magnificent,beautiful,admirable migoto N3

to be full,to rise (tide),to mature,to expire michiru N3

dense, thick mitsu na N3

79

to recognize,to appreciate,toapprove,to admit,to notice mitomeru N3

enquiry,expression of sympathy,expression of concern mimai N3

present,souvenir miyage N3 capital miyako N3 strange,unusual my N3

day after tomorrow mi ?ugonichi N3

future (life, tense) mi rai N3 charm,fascination,glamour mi ri ?ku N3 all,everyone,everybody minna N3 nothing,naught,nil,zero mu N3

facing,opposite,across thestreet,other side mukai N3

meeting,person sent to pick upan arrival mukae N3

to face muku N3 to turn towards,to point mukeru N3 disregard,ignore mushi N3

cavity,tooth decay,decayedtooth,caries mushi ba N3

rather,better,instead mushiro N3 to tie,to bind,to link musubu N3 futility,uselessness muda N3

daze,(in a) trance,ecstasy,delirium,engrossment muchuu N3

breast,chest mune N3 free,no charge muryo u N3 sprout me N3

80

clear up,clarify,define mei kaku N3 to order,to command,to appoint meijiru N3 master,expert meiji n N3

order,command,decree,directive,(software) instruction mei rei N3

trouble,bother,annoyance meiwaku N3 (sl) meals,food meshi N3 rarely (with neg. verb),seldom mettani N3

a mask, the face, the surface,an aspect, a side, men N3

cotton,padding men N3 license,permit,licence,certificate men ki ? N3 trouble,difficulty,care,attention mend N3

to apply for,to make anapplication mshikomu N3

apology,excuse mshiwake N3 blanket mo ufu N3 to burn moeru N3

purpose,goal,aim,objective,intention mo ku te ki N3

mark,objective,target mo ku hyou N3

// Thursday

mo ku y /mo ku y bi N3

letter (of alphabet),character moji N3 to raise,to lift up,to flatter mochiageru N3 to use,to make use of mochiiru N3 of course,certainly,naturally mochiron N3 most,extremely mottomo N3

quite right,plausible,natural,butthen,although mottomo N3

81

(1) origin,original,(2) former moto N3 basis moto N3 to restore,to put back,to return modosu N3

to be grounded on,to be basedon,to be due to,to originate from motozuku N3

to seek,to request,to demand,towant,to wish for,to search for,topursue (pleasure),to hunt (ajob), motomeru N3

person mono N3 sounds mono oto N3 tale,story,legend monogatari N3 things,everything mono goto N3 pattern,figure,design mo y N3 to receive morau N3 phrase,complaint monku N3 letter (of alphabet),character mon ji N3 use,service,role,position yaku N3 approximately,about,some yaku N3 translation, a version yaku N3

part,assigning (allotment of)parts,role,duties yaku wari N3

rent ya chin N3 trouble,burden,care,bother yakkai N3 inn,lodging yado N3 to employ,to hire yatou N3 roof ya ne N3

to tear,to violate,to defeat,tosmash,to destroy yaburu N3

to retire yameru N382

only,sole,unique yuii tsu N3 to say y N3

courage,bravery,valour,nerve,boldness yuu ki N3

validity,availability,effectiveness yk N3 superiority,excellence yuu sh N3 overall victory,championship ysho u N3 friendship,fellowship yjo u N3 friend yuu jin N3 able,capable,efficient,skill yuu n N3 mail,postal service yuu bin N3 evening ybe N3

advantageous,better,profitable,lucrative yuu ri N3

floor yuka N3 pleasant,happy yukai N3

export, to export

yu shutsu.suru N3

to turn over,to assign,to handover yuzuru N3

abundant,wealthy,plentiful,rich yutaka N3

importation,import,introduction,to import yu ni ?u. suru N3

to permit, to allow, to approve,to forgive yurusu N3

evening,night yo N3 dawn,daybreak yo ake N3 way,manner,kind y N3

to get drunk,to becomeintoxicated y N3

83

easy,simple,plain yo ui N3 cheerful, lively, merry y ki N3 request,demand,requisition y ky N3

care,precaution,guarding,caution yjin N3

aspect,state,appearance ysu N3

in a word,after all,the point is ..,in short .. ysuruni N3

element yo uso N3 gist,main point y ten N3 day of the week y bi N3

expectation,assume willhappen,forecast yoki N3

to cross (e.g. arms),to traverse yokogiru N3 estimate,budget yosa n N3

to cease,to abolish,to resign,togive up yosu N3

prediction,estimation yo soku N3 midnight,dead of night yo naka N3 society,the world,the times yo no naka N3 extra,excess,surplus yobu n N3 forecast,prediction yo h N3

prevention,precaution,protectionagainst yob N3

reading yomi N3 bride,daughter-in-law yome N3

surplus,composure,margin,room,time,allowance,scope,rope yo y N3

84

(a) joy,(a) delight,rapture,pleasure,gratification,rejoicing,congratulations,felicitations yorokobi N3

(hon) good,OK,all right,fine,verywell,will do,may,can yoroshii N3

four yon N3 ,for (10 days),next (year) rai N3 comfort,ease raku N3

profits,gains,(political,economic) interest rie ki N3

understanding,comprehension ri kai N3 (the) land riku N3

clever,shrewd,bright,sharp,wise,intelligent riko u N3

divorce riko n N3 ideal ri s N3 rate,ratio,proportion,percentage ritsu N3

splendid,fine,handsome,elegant,imposing,prominent,legal,legitimate rippa N3

studying abroad ry gaku N3

fashionable,fad,in vogue,prevailing ry k N3

quantity,amount,volume,portion(of food) ry N3

change,money exchange ry ga e N3 fee,charge,fare ryki n N3 instance,example,case rei N3 expression of gratitude rei N3 manners,courtesy,etiquette rei gi N3

85

calm,composure,coolness,serenity rei sei N3

queue,line,row retsu N3 train (ordinary) resshi ? N3

practice, to practice ren sh. suru N3

association (of ideas),suggestion ren s N3

serial,consecutive,continuity,continuing ren zo ku N3

the aged,old person r jin N3 manual labor,toil,work r d N3 to argue,to discuss,to debate ronjiru N3 controversy,dispute ro n s N3 thesis,essay,treatise,paper ro n bun N3 ring,hoop,circle wa N3 parting,separation,farewell wakare N3 side waki N3 to divide,to separate wakeru N3 only,merely,a little,small quantity wazuka N3 cotton,padding wata N3 topic,subject wa dai N3 laugh,laughter,smile warai N3 to divide,to cut,to break,to halve waru N3

abuse,insult,slander,evilspeaking waru kuchi N3

we wareware N3 bay,gulf,inlet wan N3

86