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  • Page 1

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    KERAJAAN MALAYSIA JABATAN KERJA RAYA MALAYSIA

    CAWANGAN JALAN KETUA PENGARAH KERJARAYAIBU PEJABAT JABATAN KERJARAYA MALAYSIA JABATAN KERJARAYA MALAYSIAJALAN SULTAN SALAHUDDIN, JALAN SULTAN SALAHUDDIN50582 KUALA LUMPUR. 50582 KUALA LUMPUR

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR

    ROAD WORKS

  • Page 2

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    ADDENDUM NO. 1

    This Addendum shall be made part of the JKR Standard Specification For Roads Works

    1. Table 4.8 - Gradation Limit For Asphaltic Concrete Clause 4.2.4.2, page S4 21 should read as follows :

    Mix Type

    Wearing Course

    Binder Course

    Mix Designation

    ACW 20

    ACB 28

    B.S Sieve

    % Passing by weight

    37.5 mm

    28.0 mm

    20.0 mm

    14.0 mm

    10.0 mm

    5.0 mm

    3.35 mm

    1.18 mm

    425 um

    150 um

    75 um

    100

    76 -- 100

    64 -- 89

    56 -- 81

    46 -- 71

    32 -- 58

    20 -- 42

    12 -- 28

    6 -- 16

    4 -- 8

    100

    80 -- 100

    72 -- 93

    58 -- 82

    50 -- 75

    36 -- 58

    30 -- 52

    18 -- 38

    11 -- 25

    5 -- 14

    3 -- 8

    2. Table 4.9- Design Bitumen Contents Clause 4.2.4.3, page S4 - 23 should read as follows :

    ACW 20 - Wearing Course

    4.5 -- 6.5 %

    ACW 28 - Binder Course

    4.0 -- 6.0

  • Page 3

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    ADDENDUM NO. 2This Addendum shall be made part of the JKR Standard Specification For Roads Works

    6.2.5.5 Sign Faces

    Sign faces for permanent traffic sign shall be asshown on the Drawing and shall comply withthe Malaysian Standard Specification forReflective Sign Faces Materials (MS 1216). Allretro-reflective sheeting shall be fixed in accor-dance with the manufacturers instruction.

    Unless otherwise agreed by the S.O., signfaces shall be formed from a single piece ofretro-reflective sheeting.

    Where, with the aggrement of the S.O., morethan one retro-reflective sheeting is used, thenumber of sheets shall be kept to a minimum.All faces up to 1 m in size shall be producedwith a single sheet and no joint will be accepted.

    Only vertical and horizontal joint shall be per-mitted and all join in retro-reflective shettingshall be overlapped by not less than 6 mm. Theoverlap in the horizontal joint shall be from thetop and the vertical joint shall be from the left;but joints will be only be accepted for prismaticretro-reflective sheeting.

    Retro-reflective sheeting shall be applied evenly over the whole surface of the sign plateand shall adhere fully. it shall be free fromtwists, cracks, folds or cuts, air bubbles andother blemishes.

    All retro-reflective sheeting used on the samesign shall be carefully matched for colour toproduce a uniform appearance both by day andby night. Non-uniform shades of colour on anyone sign will not be accepted.

    The edges of all the retro-reflective sheetingshall be properly fitted to ensure no delimination of the sheeting from the base substrate.

    where shetting is applied to the extruded section by pressure roller, it shall extend overthe top and bottom edges of this sections by notless than 3 mm.

    Any cut-outlet letters, numerals, symbols andborders shall be of material compatible with thesheeting to which they are applied. They shallbe applied in accordance with the sheetingmanufacturers instruction.

    The finish of all sign faces shall be capable ofpassing the tests described in MS 1216, andand standard of fabrication and workmanshipshall be such that under normal conditions ofservice and proper maintenance, the sign facesshall last not less than 5 years without any seriousblemishes or defects for EngineeringGrade retro-reflective sheeting and 8 years forHigh Intensity and prismatic retro-reflectivesheeting.

    The Contractor shall furnish to the S.O. a letterof warranty for the specified period for all signfaces from the manufacturer of the sheeting orthe sign fabricator.

    The retro-reflective sheeting manufacturer shallfurnish the S.O. written warranty that the fluo-rescent colours shall be durable for a minimum3 years for temporary signs.

  • Page 4

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    6.2.6.1.2 Requirements

    i) Photometric - Coefficient of Retroreflection RA

    when the sheeting applied on aluminiumtest panels is measured in accordance wth ASTM E 810, it shall have minimum coefficient of retro-reflective value as shown in Table I. The rotation angle shall be *90 , the observation angles shall be 0.2 and 0.5, the entrance angles and +50, and the entrance angle (component 1) shall be - 4, +30, and +50, and the entrance angle component 2 = 0.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    ADDENDUM NO. 3This Addendum shall be made part of the JKR Standard Specification For Roads Works

    6.2.6.1 FLUORESCENT ORANGE WIDE ANGLE PRISMATIC RETRO-REFLECTIVE SHEETING FOR THE WORK ZONE

    6.2.6.1.1 Description

    The flurescent orange wide angle prismaticretro-reflective sheeting is specifically designedfor use on rigid substrade work zone signs toprovide high visual impact under nighttime anddaytimedriving condition, including low visibility periods such as dawn, dusk, and overcast days. The sheeting shall consist ofprismatic lenses formed in a transparent flurescent orange synthetic resin, sealed, andbaked with and aggressive presure sensitiveadhesive protected by a removable liner. Thesheeting shall have a smooth surface with a distinctive interlocking diamond seal patternand orrientation marks visible from the face.

    TABLE I

    Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection RA(Candelas per footcandle per square foot)

    (90 Rotation Angle*)

    Observation Angle ( ) Entrance Angle ( ) Orange

    0.20.20.2

    1.50.50.5

    - 4+30+50

    -4+30+50

    20012050

    805020

    * The datum mark (arrow) imprinted on the face of the sheeting shall be the datum mark for testpurposes. For the specified 90 rotation angle, the sheeting shall be positioned on the goniometerso that the direction of this datum mark is perpendicular to the observation plane (this geometry isequivalent to a 90 orientation angle with a presentation angle of 0 in the measurement geometrydescribed in Fed. Test Method Standard 370).

  • Page 5

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    i) Daytime Color

    Color shall conform to the reqiurement of Table II. Daytime color and maximum spectral radiance factor (peak reflectance) of sheeting mounted on aluminium test panels shall be determined instrumentally in accordancewith ASTM E 991.

    The value shall be determined on a HunterLabLabscan 6000 0/45 spectrocolorimeter withoption CMR 559 [or approved equal 0/45(45/0) instrument withcircumferential viewing(illumination)]. Computation shall be done inaccordance with ASTM E 308 for the 2observer.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    TABLE IIColor Specification Limit ** (Daytime)

    Color 1 2 3 4 ReflectanceLimit Y (%)

    X Y X Y X Y X Y Min. Max.

    Orange(New)

    Orange(Weathered)

    .583

    .583

    .416

    .416

    .523

    .523

    .397

    .397

    .560

    .560

    .360

    .360

    .631

    .631

    .369

    .369

    30

    20

    -

    45

    Maximum spectral radiance factor, new : 110%, min.weathered : 60%, min.

    iii) Nighttime Color.

    Nighttime color of the sheeting applied to alumium test panel shall be determinedinstrumentally in accordance with ASTM E 881 and calculated in the u, v coordinate system in accordance with ASTM E 308. Sheeting shall be measured at 0.33 observation and - 4 entrance at 90 rotation. Color shall conform to the requirements of Table III.

    ** The four pairs of chromaticity coordinates determine the acceptable color in terms of the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system measured with standard illuminatant D65.

    TABLE IIColor Specification Limit ** (Nighttime)

    Color 1 2 3 4

    u v u v u v u v

    Orange(New and

    Weathered).400 .540 .475 .529 .448 .522 .372 .534

  • Page 6

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    iv) Resistance to Accelerated Weathering.

    The retro-reflective surface of the sheeting shall be weather resistant and show no appreciable cracking, blistering, crazing, ordimensional change after 1 years unprotected outdoor exposure in south Florida, south-facing and inclined 45 from the vertical, or after 1500 hoursexposure in a xenon arc weatherometer in accordance with ASTM G 26, Type B, Method A. Following exposure, panels shall be washed in a 5% HCL solution for 45 seconds, rinsed throughly with clean water, blotted with a soft clean cloth and brought to equilibrium at standard conditions. After cleaning, the coefficient of retroreflection shall be not less than 100 when measured as in D.2, below, and the color is expected conform to the requirements of Table II and III for weathered sheeting. The sample shall :

    a) Show no appreciable evidence of cracking, scaling, pitting, blistering, edge lifting or curling or more than 1/32inch (0.08 cm) shrinkage or expansion.

    b) Be measured only at angles of 0.2 observation, - 4 entrance and 90 rotation. Where more than one panel of a color is measure, the coefficient or retroreflection shall be the averange of all determinations.

    v) Impact Resistance.

    The retroreflective sheeting applied according to the sheeting manufacturers recommendations to a test panel of alloy 6061-T6, 0.040 (0.10 cn) by 3 (7.6 cm) by 5 (12.7 cm) and conditioned for 24 hours, shall show no cracking outside the impact of 100 inch-pounds (11.3Nm) usinga weight with a 5/8 in. (15.8 mm) diameterrounded tip dropped from a height necessary to generate an impact of 100 inch-pounds, at test temperatures of both 32 F (0 C) and 72 F (22 C).

    vi) Resistance to Heat.

    The retroreflective sheeting, applied to a test panel as in E., above and conditioned for 24 hours, shall be measured in accordance with paragraph. A. at 0.2 observation and - 4 entrance angles at 90 rotation and exposed to 170 + 5F (77 + 3C) for 24 hours in an air circulating oven. After heat exposure the sheeting shall retain a minimum of 70% of the original coefficient of retroreflection.

    vii) Field Performance

    Retroreflective sheeting processed and applied to sign blank materials in accodance with the sheeting manufacturers recommendations, is expected to perform effectively for a minimum of 3 years. the retroreflective sheeting will be considered unsatisfactory if it has deteriorated due to natural causes to the extent that : (1) the sign is ineffectivefor its intended purposed when viewed from a moving vehicle under normal day and night driving conditions; or (2) the coefficient of retroreflection is less than 100 when measured at 0.2 observation and - 4 entrance at 90 rotation. All measurements shall be made after sign cleaning according to the sheeting manufacturers recommendations.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

  • Page 7

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR ROADS WORKS

    CONTENT PAGE

    SECTION 1 General S1-11 to S1-31

    SECTION 2 Earthworks S2-1 to S2-20

    SECTION 3 Drainage Works S3-1 to S3-31

    SECTION 4 Flexible Pavement S4-1 to S4-55

    SECTION 5 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement S5-1 to S5-21

    SECTION 6 Road Funiture S6-1 to S6-22

    SECTION 7 Street Lighting S7-1 to S7-19

    SECTION 8 Traffic Signals S8-1 to S8-33

    SECTION 9 Concrete S9-1 to S9-39

    SECTION 10 Piling Works S10-1 to S10-35

  • Page 8

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    SECTION 1

    GENERAL

  • Page 9

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    SECTION 1 - GENERALPage

    1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT S1-111.2 SCOPE OF WORKS S1-111.3 NOTES, ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT S1-11

    1.3.1 Notes S1-111.3.2 Abbreviations S1-111.3.3 Units of Measurement S1-11

    1.4 PROGRAMME OF WORKS S1-121.5 LIMITATION OF SITE S1-121.6 SUPPLY OF MATERIALS S1-121.7 MATERIALS OF MALAYSIAN ORIGIN S1-121.8 SETTING OUT S1-131.9 DIMENSIONS AND LEVELS S1-131.10 PROTECTION OF WORKS S1-131.11 DESIGN OF TEMPORARY WORKS BY THE CONTRACTOR S1-131.12 CONTRACTOR'S SUPERINTENDENCE S1-141.13 INSPECTION AND TESTS S1-141.14 COVERING UP OF WORK S1-141.15 OFFICE ACCOMMODATION FOR S.O. AND HIS STAFF S1-141.16 VEHICLES FOR THE S.O.'S STAFF S1-161.17 CONTRACTOR'S OFFICE AND ACCOMODATION S1-161.18 MATERIAL TESTING LABORATORY AND STAFF S1-161.19 PROVISION FOR SURVEY INSTRUMENTS AND CHAINMEN S1-171.20 MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING ROADS AND PROTECTION

    OF TRAFFIC S1-171.20.1 Maintenance of Existing Roads, Bridges, Culverts, etc. S1-171.20.2 Temporary Diversions S1-171.20.3 Half-width Construction and Traffic Control S1-181.20.4 Temporary Traffic Signs S1-191.20.5 Temporary Works S1-19

    1.21 LOCATION, TEMPORARY PROTECTION AND TEMPORARYDIVERSION OF PUBLIC UTILITY INSTALLATIONS AND OTHER SERVICES S1-19

    1.22 WATER AND ELECTRICITY SUPPLY S1-201.23 PROJECT SIGNBOARD S1-201.24 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF WORKS S1-201.25 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS AND MICROFILMING S1-211.26 CLEARING UP OF SITE S1-211.27 OPPORTUNITIES FOR OTHER CONTRACTORS S1-21

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    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    Page

    APPENDIX 1A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT S1-22

    APPENDIX 1B SCOPE OF WORKS S1-23

    APPENDIX 1C VEHICLES FOR S.O. AND HIS STAFF S1-24

    APPENDIX 1D LIST OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

    (a) Soil Testing Equipment S1-25(b) Concrete Testing Equipment S1-27(c) Flexible Pavement Testing Equipment S1-27

    APPENDIX 1E SURVEY EQUIPMENT S1-30

    FIGURE 1-1 APERTURE CARD FOR MICROFILM S1-31

  • Page 11

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    SECTION 1 - GENERAL

    1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

    The general description of the project is asgiven in Appendix 1A.

    1.2 SCOPE OF WORKS

    The Works covered in this Contract comprisethe provision by the Contractor at his own riskand cost of all materials, tools, plants, labour,transport and everything else necessary for theconstruction and completion of the Works asgiven in Appendix 1B all to the approval of theS.O.

    1.3 NOTES, ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

    1.3.1 Notes

    i) Any clause in this Specification which relates to work or materials not includedin the Works shall be deemed not applicable.

    ii) Unless stated to the contrary, any dimension of material described meansthe finished or fully compacted dimension.

    iii) All Standards and Codes of Practice referred to in this Specification shall be deemed to be the editions current at the time of Tender. If the Malaysian Standard exists, which the S.O. deems tobe equivalent to the British or other Standard specified, then the Malaysian Standard shall be followed.

    In the event of any discrepancy between the provision of this Specification and the provision within the relevant Standards or Codes of Practice as mentioned in this Specification, then the provision of this Specification shall take precedence.

    iv) The terms "Engineer" and "Superintending Officer" shall be synonymous.

    1.3.2 Abbreviations

    a) M.S. means Malaysian Standards published by the Scientific and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM).

    b) B.S. means British Standards published by the British Standard Institution.

    c) A.A.S.H.T.O. means The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

    d) A.S.T.M. means The American Society for Testing and Materials.

    e) M.D.D. means Maximum Dry Density.

    f) O.M.C. means Optimum Moisture Content.

    g) C.B.R. means California Bearing Ratio.

    h) S.O. means Superintending Officer.

    i) B.Q. means Bill of Quantities.

    1.3.3 Units of Measurement

    All units of measurement used in this Specification and in the Bill of Quantities shall be in accordance with the metric system unless otherwise stated.

    Where British Imperial units are shown or stated the following conversions shallapply :-

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

  • Page 12

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    1 inch = 25.40 millimetres1 foot = 0.3048 metres1 lb = 0.4536 kilograms1 gallon = 4.5461 litres1 lb/sq.in = 6.895 x 10-3 N/sq.mm

    1.4 PROGRAMME OF WORKS

    Within thirty (30) days after the receipt of the Letter of Acceptance of Tender, the Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his approval a programme showing the order of work activities and time schedule in which the Contractor proposes to carry out the Works and shall, whenever required by the S.O. or the S.O.'s representative, furnish in writing, particulars of the Contractor's arrangement for carrying out such worksand of the construction plants andtemporary works, if any, which the Contractor intends to supply, use or construct as the case may be. The submission to and approval by the S.O. or the S.O.'s representative of such a programme or the furnishing of such particulars shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the Contract.

    If at any time it should appear to the S.O. that the actual progress of the Works does not conform to the approvedprogramme referred to herein before, theContractor shall submit for approval, a revised programme showing the modifications to the previously approved programme necessary to ensure the completion of the whole Works within the time set for completion.

    1.5 LIMITATION OF SITE

    The Contractor shall ensure that all his plants, materials, temporary workshops, stores and offices are kept within the Site at locations approved by the S.O.

    Should the Contractor require additional land outside the Site for his workyards, stores, offices, temporary haul roads or any other temporary structures, he shall, on his own, purchase or rent any additional area he may need.

    Areas or area to be rendered as part of the Site shall be subject to the S.O.'s approval.

    1.6 SUPPLY OF MATERIALS

    The Contractor shall place orders for specified materials at such times as will enable him to execute the Works in accordance with his approved programme.

    If the Contractor's failure to supply any material causes any interruption or delayin the progress of the Works, the Government may supply any portion or all of the materials and the cost borne by the Contractor shall be either that as calculated at the current market rates or the actual cost to the Government at the date of supply, including overheads or any other charges, whichever is the greater.

    Any costs incurred under this Section shall be deducted from the Contract Sum. No claim for loss of profit under the conditions of this Contract shall be deemed to have arisen. No action taken under this Section shall in any way affect or modify the right of the Government to claim for damages in theevent of the Contractor's failure to complete the Works by the agreed date.

    1.7 MATERIALS OF MALAYSIAN ORIGIN

    Materials of Malaysian origin where available must be used by the Contractorto the exclusion of imported materials and this requirement shall be allowed for in his tender.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

  • Page 13

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    Under no circumstances shall the Contractor be permitted to use imported materials unless he can prove to the satisfaction of the S.O. that the materials are not available locally, or ifavailable are not of an acceptable standard.

    1.8 SETTING OUT

    Before commencing the Works at any location, the Contractor shall provide and install precast concrete reference beacons on both sides of the road centre-line at a spacing of 300 metres. The beacons shall be firmly sited at rightangles to the centre-line at a distance from the centre-line of 15 metres or suchother distance as directed by the S.O. The beacons shall be not less than 75 mm square in plan and shall project at least 600 mm above the surrounding ground. Each beacon shall be clearly marked with its chainage and elevation above datum.

    The Contractor shall take all practicable steps to safeguard the beacons including fencing and concreting-in where necessary in the opinion of the S.O. and shall immediately replace any damaged beacons. The Contractor shall give the S.O. not less than 24 hours notice of his intention to set out or give levels for any part of the Works in order that arrangements may be made for checking.

    1.9 DIMENSIONS AND LEVELS

    All temporary benchmarks, reference markers and levels as shown on the Drawings shall be checked on the Site by the Contractor at his own expense and be confirmed by the S.O.

    Before the Works or any part thereof arecommenced, the Contractor shall verify the levels of the existing ground surface within areas where earthworks are to be performed and the locations and bed levels of water-courses. These may differ from the locations and levels shown on the Drawings owing to changes which could have taken place during the interval between the original survey and construction.

    The levels and dimensions taken by the Contractor jointly with the S.O. shall form the basis of measurement of the relevant work quantities.

    1.10 PROTECTION OF WORKS

    From the commencement of the Works to the date the Works are taken over by the Government, the Contractor shall take full responsibility for the care thereof together with all temporary works and in case any damage, loss or injury shall happen to the Works or to any part thereof or to any temporary works from any cause whatsoever, he shall at his own cost repair and make good the same so that at completion, the Works shall be in good order and condition andin conformity in every respect with the requirements of the Contract and the S.O.'s instructions. The Contractor shallalso be liable for any damage to the Works occasioned by him in the course of any operations carried out during the Defects Liability Period.

    1.11 DESIGN OF TEMPORARYWORKS BY THE CONTRACTOR

    Unless otherwise provided in the Drawings, the Contractor shall submit tothe S.O. for his approval, 2 copies of all working or shop drawings produced by him including all drawings made by his approved sub-contractors for all temporary works.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

  • Page 14

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    Such submission shall be made at least two weeks before the temporary work isscheduled to commence. Notwithstanding the approval by the S.O., the Contractor is solely responsiblefor the adequacy and safety of his work and for any necessary modification or addition whenever found necessary by the S.O.

    1.12 CONTRACTOR'S SUPERINTENDENCE

    The Contractor shall provide all necessary superintendence during the execution of the Works and as long thereafter as the S.O. may consider necessary for the proper fulfillment of the Contractor's obligations under the Contract.

    A competent Site Agent, whose appointment shall be approved by the S.O., shall be employed by the Contractor for management on Site. The Site Agent shall have the authority to receive instructions from the S.O. andto act on behalf of the Contractor. The Site Agent shall be stationed on Site for the whole duration of the Contract and shall not be replaced without the approval of the S.O.

    If the Site Agent needs to be absent fromSite for more than three (3) consecutive days, he shall give prior notice to the S.O. who may require the Contractor to temporarily appoint another Site Agent.

    1.13 INSPECTION AND TESTS

    The S.O. or his representative may at any stage of the Works carry out inspection, measurement and tests on any part of the Works to ensure compliance with the requirements of thisSpecification and of the Drawings.

    The Contractor shall provide thenecessary attendance whenever required by the S.O. or his representative.

    Notwithstanding any tests which may have been carried out off the Site, the S.O. shall be empowered to order further tests of any materials or goods tobe made on the Site and to reject such materials or goods should they fail to pass such tests on Site.

    When required by the S.O., the Contractor shall submit a copy of the result of any quality control test carried out by the Contractor on his own during the progress of the Works.

    1.14 COVERING UP OF WORK

    Before any part of the Works is permanently covered up, the Contractor shall give due notice to the S.O. for the inspection and measurement of dimensions. The S.O. shall attend without unreasonable delay for the purpose of examination andmeasurement unless he considers it unnecessary and advises the Contractor accordingly.

    1.15 OFFICE ACCOMMODATION FORS.O. AND HIS STAFF

    The Contractor shall provide and maintain a site office for the use of the S.O. and his supervisory staff, all in accordance with the relevant Drawings inclusive of all furniture and fittings as shown on the Drawings.

    The Contractor is permitted to provide a relocatable site office as an alternative tothe JKR designed type shown on the Drawings.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

  • Page 15

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    The quality of such a relocatable site office shall be of equivalent standard butnot inferior to the JKR designed type and shall be equipped with similar furniture and fittings as indicated in the JKR designed site office.

    Where a relocatable site office is to be provided, the Contractor shall submit details of the relocatable site office together with his tender. Such details should include the name of the manufacturer, floor area and layout, list of furniture and fittings and brochures if available. The Contractor shall alsoindicate whether the proposed site officeis new or otherwise.

    Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the site office is to be sited, constructed and positioned as approved by the S.O.

    The Contractor shall make proper arrangements for and pay all charges in connection with conservancy. The site office shall comply with local building by-laws. It shall be erected or provided by the Contractor within four (4) weeks from the date of possession of Site.

    On completion of the Works, the Contractor shall further maintain the siteoffice till the end of the Defects LiabilityPeriod unless otherwise directed by the S.O. and thereafter remove from the Sitethe site office with all furniture and fittings which become the property of the Contractor.

    Where electricity and piped water are available from public utility authorities, the Contractor shall arrange for the site office to be connected to the electricity and water supplies.Otherwise, the Contractor shall supply the site office with electric power from generators and shall provide an adequate supply of water for washing and potable filtered water for drinking purposes.

    Sanitary facilities with disposal to septic tanks located not nearer than 5 m from the building shall be provided.

    The office shall be illuminated by fluorescent fittings giving a general levelof illumination of at least 2 lumens/ sq.m. Additional lighting in the form of wall or deck lamps shall be provided where required by the S.O. Lighting to toilets and corridors may be by tungsten filament bulbs.

    Thermostatically controlled air-conditioners capable of maintaining a temperature below 23C in the office shall be provided.

    The Contractor shall arrange for the installation of a telephone with a separate connection to the telephone exchange for the exclusive use of the S.O. at all times. The telephone shall also be be fitted with 4 extensions unlessnot required by the S.O. The Contractorshall be responsible for the connection to such exchange and the payment of rental for the telephone services but the Government shall reimburse the Contractor for the cost of making calls.

    Where a telephone exchange is not within practical distance, an automatic mobile telephone such as the ATUR (Automatic Telephone Using Radio) service shall be provided.

    The Contractor shall keep the offices accessible at all times and in every way habitable for working purposes throughout the duration of the Contract.The Contractor shall also provide such labour and cleaning materials as are required to maintain the site office in a thoroughly clean and sanitary condition.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

  • Page 16

    Standard Specification For Road Works

    Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

    1.16 VEHICLES FOR THE S.O.'S STAFF

    The Contractor shall provide new vehicles as listed in the B.Q. and Appendix 1C for the sole use of the S.O.and his staff at all times. All necessary fuel, oil and lubricants, general maintenance, comprehensive insurances and roadtax shall be provided by the Contractor together with a licensed and competent driver for every vehicle. Replacement vehicles shall be provided when normal vehicles are not available such as during periods of servicing, maintenance or repair. The vehicles willrevert to the Contractor at the completion of the Contract unless otherwise stated in the B.Q.

    1.17 CONTRACTOR'S OFFICE AND ACCOMODATION

    The Contractor shall provide and maintain a suitable office for himself and his staff in a position or positions to be approved by the S.O.

    In addition, the Contractor shall provideand maintain temporary accomodation and living facilities, stores, workshops, etc., including all necessary services for water supply, drainage and lighting for his staff. Before any work can commence the Contractor shall submit to the S.O. details of the proposed buildings and services and shall obtain the S.O.'s approval together with any necessary approval in writing from the relevant statutory authority.

    The Contractor shall be responsible for all fees and other charges or expenses incurred in connection with such office and housing and shall keep the whole area in a clean, tidy and well drained condition.

    When instructed by the S.O., the Contractor shall remove all such buildings and appurtenant works from the Site, clean up the area and restore it to its original condition.

    The Contractor shall provide adequate first aid facilities appropriate to the size and composition of his staff and labour force. The Contractor shall afford the S.O.'s site staff full use of the services and facilities as and when required.

    1.18 MATERIAL TESTING LABORATORY AND STAFF

    The Contractor shall provide and maintain a laboratory at the Site throughout the duration of the Contract.Earthworks and pavement construction will not be permitted to commence until the laboratory and necessary equipment have been provided.

    The said laboratory shall be in accordance with the Drawings and shall be equipped as indicated in Appendix 1D. It shall be maintained in a clean and tidy condition to the satisfaction of the S.O. The laboratory shall be adequately supplied with water and electricity.

    The laboratory shall be used exclusively by the S.O. and his staff. However the Contractor shall provide helpers to assistthe S.O. as and when requested.

    All laboratory equipment shall become the property of the Contractor on completion of the Works.

    On completion of the Works, the building shall be removed from the Site and the Site left in a neat and tidy condition.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

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    1.19 PROVISION FOR SURVEYINSTRUMENTS AND CHAINMEN

    The Contractor shall provide for the soleuse of the S.O. and his staff all such instruments, equipment and chainmen asthe S.O. may require to enable him to check the accuracy of the Contractor's setting out and any measurements taken.The chainmen shall have knowledge of Bahasa Malaysia or English and as far as possible the same men shall be provided throughout the Contract period.

    The instruments and equipment to be provided are as listed in Appendix 1E.

    The Contractor shall be responsible throughout the Contract period for all such instruments, equipment and chainmen and shall ensure that the instruments and equipment are at all times in good working condition and adjustment. All instruments and equipment shall remain the property of the Contractor on completion of the Works.

    1.20 MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING ROADS AND PROTECTION OF TRAFFIC

    1.20.1 Maintenance of Existing Roads, Bridges, Culverts, etc.

    The Contractor shall maintain all sections of existing roads and all bridges, drains and culverts included therein within the Site to the conditions at the time of possession of Site for the full duration of the Contract. Such maintenance shall include routine activities such as grass cutting, clearing of drains, patching of potholes, etc.

    He shall also be responsible for maintaining the free flow of traffic on these sections of existing road.

    The Contractor shall arrange for the conveyance of materials and plants so asto cause minimum damage to existing roads and installations and minimum inconvenience to the public. He shall not deposit any earth, rubbish or materials upon any road, street, pavement or footway to cause hindranceor obstruction of vehicles or pedestrians.

    The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage caused by any work carried out by him or by construction traffic to any existing roads or installations from whatsoever cause arising thereof and shall repair, maintain and reinstate the same to their original condition to the satisfaction of the S.O. The Contractor shall also keep such roads clear ofslurry, boulders and loose earth which may be dropped in the course of transportation.

    Upon failure on the part of the Contractor to fulfill his obligations under this Section, the S.O. may take whatever action and any means necessary to satisfy the requirements and all costs incurred by the S.O. shall be deducted from any monies due or to become due to the Contractor under this Contract.

    1.20.2 Temporary Diversions

    Temporary diversions shall be constructed wherever the Site isintersected by existing roads, footpaths, cycle tracks, access to properties, etc.

    Such diversion ways shall be of a standard of construction at least equivalent to that of the original road, path, track or access.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

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    They shall be constructed in advanceof the closure of the existing ways and regularly maintained, for as longas required, in a satisfactory condition. On completion of thework, the original ways shall be reinstated to their original condition to the approval of the S.O. At least fourteen (14) days notice in writing of any proposed temporary diversions of traffic shall be given to the S.O. for his approval.

    Where access roads are to be permanently closed by theconstruction of the Works, as shown on the Drawings, diversion ways shall not be required. Such closures shall not be effected until any specified alternative access has been provided and only with the written approval of the S.O.

    The Contractor shall maintain reasonable access to all properties adjoining the Works where suchaccess exists during construction, and shall ensure that all the necessary fences, planking and gangways are adequately lit to the satisfaction of the S.O.

    Where the Contractor proposes to use existing local streets astemporary diversion ways, he shall give at least fourteen (14) days notice in writing of his proposal to the S.O. for his approval. The Contractor shall maintain and/or reinstate these temporary diversion ways to their original condition throughout the entire duration of the temporary diversion, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

    If the Contractor fails to maintain and/or reinstate these temporary diversion ways to the satisfaction of the S.O., the S.O. shall have the rightto carry out these works himself and all costs incurred shall be deducted from the Contract Sum.

    Where, in the opinion of the S.O., a detour is not feasible, constructionon existing public roads shall be undertaken only over half of the full width of the roadway at any time. The lengths of such half-width construction shall be kept as short as is practicable.

    For all temporary diversions, the Contractor shall provide, install and maintain adequate temporary construction signs in accordance with Sub-Section 1.20.4.

    1.20.3 Half-width Construction and Traffic Control

    Where half-width construction is necessary, work on culverts shall be completed and the embankment adjacent to them must be reinstated so that at least half the full width shall be available for use by the public at all times.

    In the event of the operation of single-way traffic becomingnecessary and when approved by the S.O. on any particular length of the Works or on the Works or on the approaches to the Works, the Contractor shall maintain through traffic routes by providing a width ofat least 3 metres for single-way traffic. He shall also provide approved electrically operated signals for traffic control on each of the affected lengths and any additional traffic signs as may be directed.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

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    The electrical signal lights shall be automatic in operation, but the S.O. may, at any time, require them to be hand operated by a competent operator.

    The Contractor shall make suitable arrangements for emergency servicing of the electrically operated traffic signals to be available at all times. Manually operated "Stop/Go"signs shall only be used with the prior approval of the S.O.; and shall, if so approved, be of the size, colour and type as shown on the Drawings and complying with the requirementsof the ARAHAN TEKNIK(JALAN) 2C/85 (Manual on Traffic Control Devices for Temporary Signs and Work Zones Control), published by Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, Kuala Lumpur.

    At least fourteen (14) days notice in writing of any proposed single-way traffic system shall be given to the S.O. for his approval before such a system can be implemented.

    1.20.4 Temporary Traffic Signs

    The Contractor shall at all times takefull and sufficient precautions to ensure the safety of all traffic through and around the Work Site and of traffic that is diverted owing to the Works.

    To this end the Contractor shall erect and maintain on the Site and at prescribed points on the approaches to the Site, all traffic signs, signals and warning lights necessary for the direction and control of traffic. The sizes of all such signs and the lettering and wording thereon shall be as shown on the Drawings and approved by the S.O. before erection.

    Construction and excavation shall besign posted and, during periods of darkness, shall be lit to the approval of the S.O.

    Temporary traffic signals shall comply with the requirements of theARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2C/85 published by Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, Kuala Lumpur and shall be reflectorised and kept clean and legible at all times.

    The Contractor shall position, cover or remove these signs as may be directed by the S.O.

    1.20.5 Temporary Works

    The Contractor shall provide, maintain and remove on completion of the Works all temporary works including diversion ways, tracks, staging, bridging, etc., and shall make them safe and suitable in everyrespect for carrying all plants and materials and for all purposes relatedto the Works.

    1.21 LOCATION, TEMPORARYPROTECTION AND TEMPORARY DIVERSION OF PUBLIC UTILITYINSTALLATIONS AND OTHER SERVICES

    The Contractor shall be responsible for locating the positions of all public utilityinstallations, including water mains, overhead and underground cables, pipes,sewers and drains and all service connections to buildings, and where necessary, shall adopt such methods of excavation as may be required by the appropriate authorities or owners to ensure that no damage is caused to them.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

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    The Contractor shall make good, at his own expense, any damage caused by him to the existing services to the approval of and in accordance with the instruction of the appropriate authority or owner concerned, and shall keep the Government indemnified at all times from all claims, costs and expenses which may arise on account of any damage (whether permanent, temporary or recurring) to the said services.

    All such installations which are encountered in the course of the Works shall be adequately supported, slung-up, strutted or otherwise protected from injury to the satisfaction of the respective authority.

    The temporary diversion or relocation of any service within or outside the Works to permit the construction of the Works shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Where a service is required to be interrupted or relocated the Contractor shall inform and obtain the approval of the S.O. who shall notify the appropriate authority or owner of the required removal and/or relocation.

    Temporary diversion shall mean works involved in the diversion of services that will be reinstated to their original position and condition on completion of the works in the affected areas. In planning his work for the diversion or relocation of services, the Contractor shall make reasonable allowance for the time necessary to obtain the S.O.'s approval for the work and for theappropriate authorities or owners to authorise the work, obtain the necessary materials and carry out the work.

    The Contractor shall not be entitled to any extension of time due to his failure to allow for a reasonble period of time necessary for obtaining approval and completing the work.

    1.22 WATER AND ELECTRICITYSUPPLY

    The Contractor shall provide at his own risk and cost all water, lighting and electric power where required for use in the Works and shall pay all costs, fees and charges and comply with all safety regulations and statutes in connection therewith.

    The Contractor shall also provide and maintain temporary water storage together with any distribution piping which may be necessary.

    1.23 PROJECT SIGNBOARD

    The Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain signboards at locations to be decided by the S.O. and pay all charges in connection with this, including obtaining permission, licences and fees, etc. Each sign board shall comply with the design and specification as shown onthe Drawings. On completion of the project, the Contractor shall dismantle and clear away the signboards as directed by the S.O.

    1.24 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF WORKS

    The Contractor shall provide a camera of reasonable quality for the purpose of taking record photographs and slides of the Works as and when directed by the S.O. The Contractor shall bear the costsof providing the film, development of film, printing two (2) copies of each exposure in 3R size and documenting the photographs in suitable albums.

    The negatives of the photographs shall be the property of the Government and no prints from these negatives may be supplied to any person or persons exceptwith the approval of the S.O.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

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    A suitably typed caption shall be affixed to the reverse side of each photograph describing the subject and the time at which it was taken. One copy of each photograph shall be signed by the Contractor and the S.O.

    1.25 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS AND MICROFILMING

    Drawings for recording as-built construction details of the Works shall be prepared by the Contractor and shall be certified by the S.O. or his representative. The originals, in good quality transparencies, and two (2) printed copies of all as-built drawings shall be supplied by the Contractor to the S.O. progressively as sections of the Works become completed. All drawingsshall be completed within one month after the completion of the respective section.

    As-built drawings shall be A1 size (838 mm x 584 mm) unless otherwise approved by the S.O.

    The Contractor shall also microfilm the as-built drawings using 35.0 mm film with the aperture card format as shown in Figure 1-1 and submit the same to theS.O.

    1.26 CLEARING UP OF SITE

    The Contractor shall make every effort to keep the Site in a reasonably clean and tidy condition for the duration of theWorks. He shall, in addition, from time to time on the completion of any area of the Works or where directed by the S.O.,remove rubbish, surplus materials, or any other construction debris from such areas as may be attributable to his work under this Contract and generally leave them in a satisfatory condition, to the approval of the S.O.

    On completion of the Works, the Contractor shall remove all rubbish, debris and surplus materials from the Site and leave the whole Site in a neat and tidy condition to the satisfaction of the S.O.

    1.27 OPPORTUNITIES FOR OTHER CONTRACTORS

    The Contractor shall, when required by the S.O., afford all reasonable opportunity to any other Contractors employed by the Government and their workmen and to the workmen of the Government and of any other duly constituted authorities who may be employed in the execution on or near the Site of any work not included in the Contract.

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

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    APPENDIX 1A

    GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

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    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

    APPENDIX 1B

    SCOPE OF WORKS

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    APPENDIX 1C

    VEHICLES FOR S.O. AND HIS STAFF

    All vehicles shall be NEW and of the types listed below :-

    Type A - 2000 c.c. four-door, air-conditioned saloon car;

    Type B - 1600 c.c. five-door, air-conditioned estate car;

    Type C - 1500 c.c. four-door, air-conditioned Proton Saga;

    Type D - 2000 c.c. four-wheel-drive, air-conditioned Trooper or equivalent with hard top;

    Type E - 2250 c.c. four-wheel-drive, air-conditioned long-wheel- base Land Rover or equivalent with hard top.

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    APPENDIX 1D

    LIST OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

    The Contractor shall provide and maintain the following testing laboratory equipment which shallbecome the property of the Contractor at the end of the Contract :-

    No.

    (a) Soil Testing Equipment

    (1) Moisture content tins - 76 mm x 25 mm with lids. 25

    (2) Electric balance of 1 kg capacity, accurate to 0.1 g with a tare correction of not less than 100 g. 1

    (3) Electric forced draught oven, capacity of 0.08 cu.m. 1

    (4) Atterberg limit machine calibrated with a grooving device as specified in B.S. 1377. 1

    (5) Glass plates - 457 mm x 609 mm x 6 mm. 2

    (6) Linear shrinkage moulds - 254 mm. 5

    (7) Spatulas - 152 mm. 2

    (8) 203 mm diameter B.S. sieves - 75 mm, 63 mm, 50 mm, 37.5 mm, 28 mm, 25 mm, 20 mm, 14 mm, 12.5 mm, 10 mm, 9.5 mm, 6.3 mm, 5 mm, 4.75 mm, 3.35 mm, 2.36 mm, 2 mm, 1.18 mm, 600 um, 425 um, 300 um, 212 um, 150 um, 75 um. Lid and pan together with vibrating machine. 1 of each

    (9) 203 mm diameter B.S. sieves - 75 um, 425 um. 2 of each

    (10) Wash sieves - 75 um. 2

    (11) Sample splitter - 50 mm. 2

    (12) Sample splitter - 12 mm. 2

    (13) Balance of 10 kg capacity, accurate to 1 g. 1

    (14) Standard compaction hammer, electric motor operated, as specified in B.S. 1377. 1

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    No.

    (15) Standard compaction mould as specified in B.S. 1377. 1

    (16) Compaction mould extruder as specified in B.S. 1377. 1

    (17) Steel scoop. 1

    (18) Rubber mallet. 1

    (19) Measuring flasks - 1000 c.c. 2

    (20) Vernier calipers - 152 mm. 1

    (21) Steel rule - 305 mm. 1

    (22) Compression machine suitable for laboratory and field C.B.R.'s with all fittings necessary for field and laboratory operation as specified in B.S. 1377. 1

    (23) C.B.R. moulds fitted with collars and base plates for compaction and soaking and tripods for small measurement fitted with dial gauges having 0.01 mm divisions and 25 mm travel as specified in B.S. 1377. 10

    (24) 2.26 kg surcharge weights - ring type. 6

    (25) 2.26 kg surcharge weights - horseshoe type. 9

    (26) Complete field density kit, sand replacement type suitable for volume measurement of 0.005 cu.m to an accuracy of not less than 0.0001 cu.m as specified in B.S. 1377. 2

    (27) Hand auger suitable for boring to depths of 3 m and supplied with 100 mm diameter heads suitable for boring in cohesive and cohesionless soils. 1

    (28) Crowbar, pick and spade. 1 of each

    (29) Drying pans - 406 mm x 406 mm x 76 mm. 6

    (30) British Standard 1377 - "Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes", latest edition. 1

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    (b) Concrete Testing Equipment

    No.

    (1) 152 mm x 152 mm x 152 mm standard concrete test cube steel moulds as specified in B.S. 1881. 6

    (2) Slump cones with tamping rods as specified in B.S. 1881. 2

    (3) Compacting factor apparatus as specified in B.S. 1881. 1

    (4) Tank for curing of concrete specimens to accomodate 50 Nos. x 152 mm cubes in layers not more than 50 mm deep. 1

    (c) Flexible Pavement Testing Equipment

    (1) Metal tray, 0.6 m square or similar suitable for measuring spray rates of bituminous materials and spread rates of cover aggregate for surface dressing. 4

    (2) Metal thickness gauge (or set of slotted sleeves) as specified in M.S. 30 fordetermination of aggregate flakiness index. 1

    Additional items required for asphaltic concrete and/or bituminous Macadam :-

    (3) Balance of 2 kg capacity, accurate to 0.1 g suitable for weighing samples suspended in liquid. 1

    (4) Steel moulds for Marshall test specimens (100 mm diameter) with base, extension collar, extraction collar and extraction plate as specified in B.S. 598. 6

    (5) Extractor for removing Marshall test specimens from moulds without distortion or shock as specified in B.S. 598. 1

    (6) Compaction hammer and automatic compactor for Marshall test specimens as specified in B.S. 598. 1 of each

    (7) Compaction pedestal and mould holder for Marshall test as specified in B.S. 598. 1 of each

    (8) Thermostatically controlled hot plate. 1

    (9) Thermometers for use in laboratory and in asphaltic mixes for Marshall test as specified in B.S. 598. 2 of each

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    No.

    (10) Rubber and heat resistant gloves. 2 pairs of each

    (11) Filter papers - 100 mm diameter. As needed

    (12) Containers for heating aggregates and bituminous materials. As needed

    (13) Pavement coring machine of the thin-walled diamond bit type for obtaining 100 mm diameter samples of bituminous surfacings. 1

    (14) 100 mm diameter thin-walled diamond bits for use with pavement coring machine. As needed

    (15) Tools for cutting and trimming pavement cores. As needed

    (15) Metal bottles of suitable capacity for bitumen extraction by direct determination as specified in B.S. 598. As needed

    (16) Machine to rotate the bottles about their longitudinal axes at a speed of between 10 rev/min to 30 rev/min as specified in B.S. 598. 1

    (18) Volumetric flasks of suitable capacity. As needed

    (19) Centrifuge capable of developing an acceleration of 25,000 m/sq.second as specified in B.S. 598. 1

    (20) Filtration apparatus for extraction of bitumen by direct determination as specified in B.S. 598. 1

    (21) Recovery apparatus for extraction of bitumen by direct determination as specified in B.S. 598.

    (22) Pressure filter of appropriate size, air pump and funnel for extraction of bitumen by direct determination as specified in B.S. 598. 1 of each

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    No.Further items required for asphaltic concrete :-

    (23) Wire basket of 6.5 mm or smaller mesh with wire hanger as specified in M.S. 30, for determination of specific gravity and water absorption of aggregates. 1

    (24) Airtight container of similar capacity as wire basket above. 1

    (25) Gas jar - 1.5 litre. 1

    (26) Pyconometer - 1 litre. 1

    (27) Warm air blower. 1

    (28) Mechanical mixer of 2 kg capacity, for preparation of asphaltic concrete mixtures. 1

    (29) Thermostatically controlled water bath for Marshall test specimens as specified in B.S. 598. 1

    (30) Steel Marshall testing head as specified in B.S. 598. 1

    (30) Compression testing machine with proving ring, capable of applying loads of up to at least 22 kN at a constant rate of strain of 50 mm + 3 mm per minute and recording the maximum load achieved as specified in B.S. 598. 1

    (31) Dial gauge and mounting assembly for measuring Marshall test flows of up to 10 mm with accuracy of + 0.1 mm as specified in B.S. 598. 1

    Testing which is specifically required in the Contract and any test defined in quoted BritishStandard Specifications which are required to ensure compliance with the Contract but cannot bedone in the Site testing laboratory shall be carried out at approved laboratories off the Site. Thesetests shall be carried out as directed by the S.O. The cost incurred by the Contractor shall bedeemed to have been included in the tendered rates.

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    APPENDIX 1E

    SURVEY EQUIPMENT

    The Contractor shall provide and maintain the following instruments and equipment for the purpose of measurements and setting out. These shall become the property of the Contractor at theend of the Contract :-

    1 No. Theodolite of direct read out accurate to 1 second.

    2 No. Automatic levels - Wild NA2 or Koni 007 or equivalent.

    2 No. Levelling staves - 5 m aluminium.

    1 No. 50 m x 5 mm steel measuring band divided throughout and numbered at 5 m intervals.Divided over first 30 m at 1 m intervals. Divided over first 5 m at 50 mm intervals.

    1 No. Repair set for the same.

    2 No. 30 m steel box tapes, white face.

    2 No. 30 m fibreglass box tapes.

    10 No. 2.5 m ranging rods.

    2 No. 1 m spirit level, steel or aluminium.

    2 No. Survey umbrellas.

    Templates, straightedges, canvas bags, pegs, hammers, parangs, etc.

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    Figure 1.1

    APPERTURE CARD FOR MICROFILM

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    SECTION 2

    EARTHWORKS

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    SECTION 2 - EARTHWORKS

    Page

    2.1 CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING TOPSOIL S2-35

    2.1.1 Description S2-352.1.1.1 Clearing S2-352.1.1.2 Grubbing S2-352.1.1.3 Stripping Topsoil S2-35

    2.1.2 Construction Methods S2-352.1.2.1 Areas To Be Cleared S2-352.1.2.2 Areas To Be Cleared, Grubbed and Stripped Of Topsoil S2-362.1.2.3 Topsoil S2-362.1.2.4 Timber S2-362.1.2.5 Structures S2-372.1.2.6 Disposal Of Material S2-37

    2.2 EARTHWORKS S2-38

    2.2.1 Definitions S2-38

    2.2.2 General Requirements S2-39

    2.2.3 Roadway Excavation S2-392.2.3.1 Dimensional Tolerances S2-392.2.3.2 Separation and Stockpiling of Suitable Material S2-402.2.3.3 Removal of Excavated Material From Site S2-402.2.3.4 Removal of Unsuitable Material S2-402.2.3.5 Replacement of Unsuitable Material Under Standing Water S2-402.2.3.6 Widening Cuts S2-402.2.3.7 Excavation of Rock S2-412.2.3.8 Storage and Handling of Explosives S2-422.2.3.9 Blasting S2-422.2.3.10 Safety Measures S2-422.2.3.11 Insecure Material S2-43

    2.2.4 Earth Embankment S2-432.2.4.1 Material S2-432.2.4.2 Borrow Pits S2-432.2.4.3 Placement of Fill Material S2-432.2.4.4 Compaction S2-44

    2.2.5 Rock fill Embankment S2-45

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    2.2.6 Embankment Over Soft Ground S2-462.2.6.1 Foundation Treatment S2-462.2.6.2 Surcharge and Staged Construction S2-462.2.6.3 Settlement Markers S2-462.2.6.4 Settlement Records S2-47

    2.2.7 Subgrade S2-47

    2.2.8 Protective Vegetation for Erosion Control S2-482.2.8.1 Topsoil S2-482.2.8.2 Turfing S2-482.2.8.3 Seeding S2-48

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    SECTION 2 - EARTHWORKS

    2.1 CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING TOPSOIL

    2.1.1 Description

    This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil in the areas designated hereunder and/or shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., and of clearing only in other areas designated hereunder and/or shown on the Drawingsand/or directed by the S.O., all as specified herein and as required by the S.O. The work shall also includethe demolition and disposal of structures in said areas, except whereotherwise provided for in the Contract, as specified herein and as required by the S.O.

    2.1.1.1 Clearing

    Clearing shall consist of the cutting and/or taking down, removal and disposal of everything above ground level, including objects overhanging the areas to be cleared such as tree branches, except such trees, vegetation, structures or parts of structures, and other things which are designated in the Contract to remain, or be removed by others, or which the S.O. directs are to be left undisturbed. The materialto be cleared shall include but not necessarily be limited to trees, stumps (parts above ground), logs, brush, undergrowth, long grasses, crops, loose vegetable matter and structures (except those structures whose removal or clearance is otherwise provided for in the Contract).

    Clearing shall also include thelevelling of obsolete dikes, terraces, ditches, etc., unless otherwise directed by the S.O.

    2.1.1.2 Grubbing

    Grubbing shall consist of the removal and disposal of surface vegetation, the bases of stumps, roots, the underground parts of structures, and other obstructions to a depth of at least 0.50 metre below ground level, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

    2.1.1.3 Stripping Topsoil

    Stripping topsoil shall consist of the removal of topsoil to an average depth of at least 100 mm below ground level, and its stockpiling for use in the Works, and/or its disposal, as directed by the S.O.

    2.1.2 Construction Methods

    2.1.2.1 Areas To Be Cleared

    The entire road reserve area shall be cleared as described above, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O.

    Clearing shall be carried out to the extents deemed necessary andapproved or directed by the S.O. in areas outside the road reserve where channel excavation or other work is required.

    In areas which are to be cleared only, and in which grubbing and stripping topsoil are not required, the methods of work shall be such as will not unduly damage the surface vegetation and topsoil, and care shall be taken

    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

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    not to disturb the topsoil and the root systems of grasses and other surface vegetation. No topsoil shall be removed from such areas, except as directed by the S.O., and any topsoil, grasses andother surface vegetation otherwise removed or disturbed shall be replaced and made good at theContractor's own expense, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

    2.1.2.2 Areas To Be Cleared,Grubbed and Stripped Of Topsoil

    Except as otherwise shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall be carried out in all areas of roadway excavation and in all areas where embankment is to be constructed,except that grubbing and stripping topsoil shall not be carried out in those areas where :-

    i) embankment is to be constructed on earth designated as swamp or soft ground;

    ii) embankment is to be constructed to a height at the centre-line of 1.50 metres or more on ground with a cross-slope of not more than 1(vertical) to 30 (horizontal).

    Clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shallbe carried out to the extents deemed necessaryand approved or directed by the S.O. in areasboth inside and outside the road reserve wherechannel excavation or other work is required.

    Except where further excavation is required,holes and cavities in the ground surface afterclearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall befilled with materials similar to the adjacentground, and such fill shall be compacted to adry density similar to that of the surroundingmaterial, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

    This work shall be considered incidental to the work of clearing,grubbing and stripping topsoil, and shall not be measured for payment.

    2.1.2.3 Topsoil

    Topsoil to be stockpiled for the Works shall be sufficiently fertile to promote and support the growth of vegetation, and shall betaken from such areas where clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil is required as approved or directed by the S.O. Before stockpiling, topsoil shall be separated from objectionable materials, all to the satisfaction ofthe S.O. The Contractor shall arrange for stockpile sites either within or outside the road reserve, at his own expense, and all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

    Otherwise, topsoil removed during grubbing and stripping operations shall be separated from objectionable materials and spread within the road reserve or borrow areas, or otherwise disposed of, as approved or directed by the S.O.

    2.1.2.4 Timber

    The ownership of timber is vested in the Government. Saleable timber shall be trimmed and stacked in accordance with the requirements of the appropriate Government agency, in accessible places within the road reserve as approved or directed by the S.O.

    The Contractor shall have the right to use unsaleable timber (or saleable timber when permission is granted in writing by the

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    appropriate Government agency or authority) for his own purposes in connection with the Contract, always provided that heshall comply with the requirements of the S.O. agency or authority) for his own purposes in connection with the Contract, always provided that heshall comply with the requirements of the S.O.

    2.1.2.5 Structures

    Major structures are those which cannot practicably be cleared by bulldozer and/or hydraulic excavator, whose demolition requires pneumatic tools, explosives and/or other specialised equipment. A brief description of each major structure (if any) and depth to which extent it shall be demolished is given in the Bill of Quantities.

    All fences, buildings, structures, and encumbrances of anycharacter within the limits of the road reserve, except those to be removed by others or designated to remain, shall be demolished and removed by the Contractor.

    Materials designated in the Contract or directed by the S.O. to be salvaged, shall be carefully removed and stored, and shall be the property of the Government.

    2.1.2.6 Disposal Of Material

    Unwanted material from clearing,grubbing and stripping topsoil (including the demolition of structures) shall be disposed of asapproved or directed by the S.O.

    Combustible material including all timber (except timber to be salvaged or used), all brush, stumps, roots, vegetation and other combustible refuse may be piled up within the road reserve and burned, where burning is allowed.

    All burning shall be subject to the prior approval of the relevant Government authorities, and shall be carried out in conformance with all pertinent regulations. Burning shall also be carried out at such places and at such times andin such a manner as to prevent fire from damaging vegetation and property within the road reserve designated to be preserved, and from spreading to areas adjoining the road reserve and damaging vegetation and property therein.

    Should the clearing, grubbing and stripping of topsoil be carried out at a time when burning is not permitted, the Contractor may pile up combustible materials within the road reserve outside the limits of the road works, and burn it at a time when burning is permitted.

    Where burning is not permitted at any time, or theContractor elects not to burnunwanted material, combustible material shall be disposed of together withincombustible material.

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    Incombustible material, includingwhere appropriate the remains of burning, shall be disposed of in a safe and tidy manner at solid waste dumps outside the Site, unless otherwise approved or directed by the S.O. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for making the necessary agreements, and payingexpenses and claims arising from the use of such solid waste dumps whether on Government or private land.

    2.2 EARTHWORKS

    2.2.1 Definitions

    (a) Formation Level

    Formation level means the top surface of the subgrade.

    (b) Subgrade

    Subgrade means that part of the embankment or existing ground in cutting which is immediately below the subbase or lower subbase of the road pavement and shoulders.

    (c) Common Excavation

    Common excavation shall mean excavation in any materials which are not rock or artificial hard materials as defined in Sub-Sections 2.2.1 (f) and (g).

    (d) Unsuitable Materials

    Unsuitable materials shall include :-

    i) running silt, peat, logs, stumps, perishable or toxic material, slurry or mud, or

    ii) any material

    - consisting of highly organic clay and silt;

    - which is clay having a liquid limit exceeding 80% and/or a plasticity index exceeding 55%;

    - which is susceptible to spontaneous combustion;

    - which has a loss of weightgreater than 2.5% on ignition;

    - containing large amounts of roots, grass and other vegetable matter.

    Materials that are soft or unstable merely because they are too wet or too dry for effectivecompaction are not to be classified as unsuitable, unless otherwise classified by the S.O.

    (e) Suitable Materials

    Suitable materials shall mean those materials other than the unsuitable materials defined in Sub-Section 2.2.1 (d) above.

    (f) Rock

    Rock shall mean material found in ledges or masses in its original position which would normally have to be loosened either by blasting or by pneumatic tools or,if excavated by hand, by wedges and sledge hammers. It shall not include material which can be loosened with a track-type tractorwith mounted and drawn ripper of the following descriptions :-

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    i) Tractor Unit : Equipment with a minimum weight of 20 tonnes and nett horse power rating of 200 brake horse power or more. The tractor unit is to be in good condition and operated by experienced personnel skilled in the use of ripping equipment;

    ii) Ripping Unit : The ripper to be attached to the tractor shall be themost efficient parallelogram type recommended by the tractor or ripper manufacturer. The ripper shall have a single shank in good working condition with sharpened cutting point.

    Boulders or detached pieces shall only be regarded as rock if they individually exceed 0.5 cubic metre.

    (g) Artificial Hard Material

    This shall mean any hard artificial material which would require the useof blasting or approved pneumatic tools for its removal but shall exclude individual masses less than 0.5 cubic metre.

    2.2.2 General Requirements

    The work shall include the excavation of all types of material, backfilling, compaction, forming embankments and slopes, etc., as is necessary for the completion of the Works up to the formation levels, inaccordance with the lines, grades, dimensions, shapes and typical cross- sections shown on the Drawings and to the approval of the S.O.

    The Contractor shall provide where necessary temporary water courses, ditches, drains, pumping or other means of maintaining the earthworks free from water. Such provision shall include carrying out the work of forming thecuttings and embankments in such a manner that their surfaces have at all times a sufficient gradient to enable them to shedwater and prevent ponding.

    In pumping out excavations and in the lowering of water tables the Contractor shall pay due regard to the stability of all structures.

    Adequate means for trapping silt shall be provided on all temporary drainage systems. Similar arrangements shall be made for all earthworks including excavations whether for pile trenches, foundations or cuttings.

    Should the surface of completed areas be damaged by erosion or by any other cause the Contractor shall at his own cost make good such areas to the satisfaction of the S.O.

    The Contractor shall exercise care in preventing wastage of suitable material needed for embankment or fill construction.

    2.2.3 Roadway Excavation

    2.2.3.1 Dimensional Tolerances

    Slopes in cutting shall be trimmed mechanically to neat and even surfaces which shall have gradients not steeper than that shown on the Drawings. Widths of excavations shall not exceed the dimensions shown on the Drawings by more than 300 mm, unless otherwise approved by the S.O.

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    2.2.3.2 Separation and Stockpiling of Suitable Material

    Where excavation reveals a combination of suitable and unsuitable materials, the Contractor shall, wherever the S.O. considers it practicable, carry out the excavation in such amanner that the suitable materialsare excavated separately for use in the Works without contamination by the unsuitable materials. The Contractor shall stockpile separately material for subgrade as specified in Sub- Section 2.2.7.

    2.2.3.3 Removal of Excavated Material From Site

    No excavated material shall be removed from the Site except on the direction or with the approval of the S.O. Should the Contractor be permitted to remove suitable materials from the Site to suit his operational procedure, then he shall make good any consequent deficit of fill material arising there from, at his own expense. Unless designated dump sites have been shown on the Drawings, the Contractor shall dispose of surplus suitable material at his own dump areas outside the Site as approved by the S.O. In doingso, the Contractor shall comply with statutory requirements such as payment of royalties, environmental protection, etc.

    2.2.3.4 Removal of Unsuitable Material

    Unsuitable material shall beexcavated to such depth and over such area as directed by the S.O. and be transported and disposed of in an approved manner. Unlessapproval of the S.O. to dump andspread the unsuitable materials within the Site is obtained, the Contractor shall be responsible for providing his own dump site for such unsuitable materials. The Contractor shall comply withstatutory requirements such as payment of royalties, environmental protection, etc. Voids created due to removal of unsuitable material shall be backfilled with suitable material compacted to a dry density not less than that of the surrounding material or that specified for the respective part of the earthworks or as directed by the S.O.

    2.2.3.5 Replacement of Unsuitable Material Under Standing Water

    Where it is decided by the S.O. that replacement of unsuitable material shall be done under standing water, voids created due to removal of unsuitable material shall be backfilled with hard clean crushed rock, natural gravelor sand having grading within therespective limits specified in Table 2.1.

    2.2.3.6 Widening Cuts

    The S.O. may instruct the Contractor or the Contractor himself may elect to obtain material for the Works by widening cuts. In the latter case, the Contractor shall first request permission in writing from the S.O.

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    TABLE 2.1 - GRADING LIMITS OF MATERIALS FOR REPLACEMENT OF UNSUITABLE MATERIAL

    Where the rock is of satisfactory quality, the Contractor may elect to crush and screen it to produce aggregates required for concrete, roadbase, subbase, or other purposes.Excavated rock needed for earthwork construction which the Contractor elects so to use for producing select materials shall be replaced at the Contractor's own expense by borrow of satisfactory quality approved by the S.O.

    Otherwise, excavated rock shall be used in the construction of embankment and fill, to the fullest practical extent, in either of the two following ways :-

    i) excavated rock shall be broken down to a maximum particle size of 400 mm and used as rock fill as described in Sub-Section 2.2.5;

    ii) excavated rock shall be broken down to a maximum particle size of 150 mm, blended with suitableearth fill material in a proportion not exceeding 1 rock to 1 earth, and used as common fill.

    The Contractor may only waste excavated rock with the approval of the S.O. Excavated rock needed for earthwork construction which the Contractor elects to waste shall be replaced at the Contractor's own expenseby borrow of satisfactory quality approved by the S.O.

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    B.S. Sieve Size

    % Passing By

    Weight

    Crushed Rock or

    Gravel

    63.0 mm 37.5 mm 20.0 mm 10.0 mm

    100 85 - 100 0 - 20 0 - 5

    Sand

    10.0 mm 5.0 mm

    1.18 mm 300 um 150 um

    100 90 - 100 45 - 80 10 - 30 2 - 10

    2.2.3.7 Excavation of Rock

    Rock excavation shall be carried out by methods appropriate to Site requirements as approved by the S.O. Where explosives shall be used, the relevant security regulations dealing with purchase, transport, handling, storage and usage of explosives shall be complied with.

    All material from rock excavations shall be used as far as is practicable in the Works.

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    2.2.3.8 Storage and Handling of Explosives

    Proper buildings or magazines, with separate compartments for detonators, in suitable positions for the storage of explosives in manner and quantities to be approved shall be provided. The prevention of any unauthorised issue or improper use of any explosivebrought on the Works shall bethe responsibility of the Contractor and only experienced and responsible men shall be employed to handle explosives for the purpose of the Works.

    2.2.3.9 Blasting

    Explosives shall be used in the quantities and manner recommended by the manufacturers. Blasting shall be restricted to such periods as the S.O. may prescribe. If, in the opinion of the S.O., blasting would be dangerous to persons or property or to any finished work, or is being carried on in a reckless manner, he may prohibit it, and order the rock to be excavated by other means. The use of explosives in large blasts, i.e. exceeding 9 kg of explosive, as in seams, drifts, shafts, pits, or large holes, is prohibited unless authorised in writing by the S.O. Such authorisation shall not in any way relieve the Contractor of his liabilities under the Conditions of Contract.

    All necessary precautions shall betaken to preserve in the soundest possible condition the materials below and beyond the lines of all excavations. Delayed blasting to reduce shock waves shall be usedto avoid damage to concrete and other works already completed. As the excavation approaches its final lines, blasting shall be carried out by means of parallel drill holes perpendicular to the toe of the excavation and parallel to the finally required face.

    2.2.3.10 Safety Measures

    When blasting is carried out closeto properties or roads, appropriatesafety rules shall be strictly adhered to. Where necessary or as directed by the S.O., the use ofheavy mesh blasting mats shall be used to ensure that no damage is caused to persons or property on or off Site. Special care shall be taken in wet ground to ensure that individual explosions are reduced to such size as to preclude damage to any buildingsor structures. Plaster shooting will not be permitted within 400 metres of any building or structure. If traffic on any road or railway has to be interrupted for blasting operations, the Contractor shall obtain approval of his schedule for such interruption from the appropriate authorities and shall prove to the S.O. that he has obtained it, prior to the interruption.

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    2.2.3.11 Insecure Material

    The slopes of cuttings shall becleared of all rock fragments which move when prised witha crow-bar. Where, in the slopes of cuttings, layers of rock and soft material alternate and the S.O. considers that the slope, immediately after dressing, will not permanently withstand the effect of weather, the Contractor shall excavate any insecure material to an approved depth and build up the resulting spaces with grade 15P/20 concrete or masonry using rock similar to the adjoining natural rock so as to ensure a solid face.

    2.2.4 Earth Embankment

    2.2.4.1 Material

    Fill materials for use in forming embankments shall be the suitable material obtained from excavation in cuttings. Where the quantity of such materials is inadequate, the Contractor shall obtain suitable materials from the designated borrow pits or from his own borrow pits which have been approved by the S.O.

    2.2.4.2 Borrow Pits

    The Contractor shall be responsible for locatingborrow pits. Designated borrow pits shown on the Drawings only indicate to the Contractor potential areas for borrow. Whether the Contractor obtains materials from the designated or his own borrow pit, it shall be his responsibility to ascertain the suitability of the pit with respect to the quantity and quality of the materials, whichshall be subject to the approval of the S.O. The Contractor shall pay all necessary fees, taxes or royalties to the appropriate authorities and observe all relevant regulations. The Contractor shall keep the borrow pits free from pondingwater and the excavation neat and tidy and shall carry out necessary erosion protection measures as instructed by the S.O.

    2.2.4.3 Placement of Fill Material

    All fill materials shall be deposited in layers. The loosedepth for each layer of fill shall be determined from the trial compaction. Each layer shall extend over the full width of the fill area and shall be compacted in accordance with the requirements of Sub-Section 2.2.4.4. Each compacted layer shall be maintained at all times with a sufficiently even surface in order to drain away the sur face water.

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    Where embankment is to be constructed on ground with a cross-slope flatter than 1(vertical) to 10 (horizontal) but steeper than 1 (vertical) to 30 (horizontal), the foundation material, except where this is rock, shall be scarified to a depth of 100 mm, blended with embankment fill material and compacted as described in Sub-Section 2.2.4.4.

    Where embankment is to be constructed against existing embankment or on ground with across-slope of 1 or more (vertical)to 10 (horizontal), the foundation shall be excavated in all materials(including hard rock) to form benches with horizontal and vertical faces from which construction of the embankment shallproceed. The benches shall be contiguous beneath the full width of the embankment, and shall be of a suitable width to accomodateconstruction equipment such as motor-graders, trucks, rollers, etc.Scarifying of the horizontal and vertical faces of the benches shallnot normally be required, and thematerial excavated in forming thebenches may normally be used asfill in the embankment as approved by the S.O.

    2.2.4.4 Compaction

    (a) General

    All materials used in embankments and as fill elsewhere shall be compacted as soon as practicable after being placed and spread.

    Compaction shall be undertaken to the requirements of this Section by plant approved by the S.O.All compaction requirements shall be controlled by means of field density measurement.

    For compaction of embankment slope, the Contractor may either extend each compacted layer beyond the design slope surface by at least 600 mm and then trim back to the required slope angle, or he may employ a tow type roller to compact thesloping surface.

    (b) Compaction Trials

    The B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer method) shall be used in determining the moisture versus density relation of soil.

    The Contractor shall submit tothe S.O. for his approval the proposed method of compaction for each main type of material to be used in the embankment. This shall include the type of compaction plant for each type of material and the number of passes in relation to the loose depth of material to achieve desired compaction. The maximum compacted thickness for fill shall be limited to 300 mm unless otherwise approved by the S.O. The Contractor shall carry out field compaction trials, supplemented by any necessary laboratory investigations, as required by the S.O.

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    This shall be done by using the procedures proposed by the Contractor for earthworks and shall satisfy the S.O. that all the specified requirements regarding compaction can be achieved. Compaction trials with the main types of material likely to be encountered shall be completed before the works with the corresponding materials will be allowed to commence. Each trialarea shall be not smaller than 8 m x 15 m.

    (c) Degree of Compaction

    The whole of the embankment below the top 300 mm of the subgrade shall be compacted to not less than 90% (for cohesive material) or 95% (for cohesionless material) of the maximum dry density determinedin the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test(4.5 kg rammer method).

    (d) Field Density Testing

    Field density tests on each layer of compacted earth fill shall be carried out using the sand replacement method in accordance with B.S. 1377 or by using other means of testing of comparable accuracy approved by the S.O.

    (e) Moisture Control

    Each layer of earth fill shall be processed as necessary to bring its moisture content to a uniform level throughout the material, suitable for compaction. The optimum moisture content as determined by the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer method) shall be used as a guide in determining the proper

    moisture content at which each soil type shall be compacted. Water shall be added, or the material aerated and dried to adjust the soil to the proper moisture content to obtain the required density. A satisfactory method and sufficient equipment as approved by the S.O. shall be used for the furnishing and handling of water.

    If the natural water content of suitable materials is too high for the proper compaction to be carried out, the Contractor can either bring down the moisture content by aeration or drying or alternatively replace it withsuitable materials of compactable moisture range at his own cost.

    2.2.5 Rock fill Embankment

    Rock used in rock fill embankments shall be of maximumparticle size of 400 mm so that it canbe deposited in horizontal layers, each not exceeding 500 mm in compacted depth and extending over the full width of the embankment except for any specified external cover to slopes or new formation level. The materials shall be spread and levelled by a crawler tractor weighing not less than 15 tonnes. Each layer shall consist of reasonably well graded rock and all large voids shall be filled with broken fragments before the next layer is placed. The top surface and side slopes of embankments so formed shall be thoroughly blinded with approved fine graded material to seal the surface.

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    There shall be a transition layer between rock fill and earth fill or thetop 300 mm of subgrade of at least 300 mm compacted thickness. This shall consist of uniformly graded crushed rock between 6 mm and 150mm as approved by the S.O.

    Each layer of rock used as rock fill in embankments shall be systematically compacted by at least 12 passes of a vibrating roller with a static load per 25 mm width of roll of at least 45 kg or a grid roller with load per 25 mm width of roll of at least 200 kg or other approved plant.

    2.2.6 Embankment Over Soft Ground

    2.2.6.1 Foundation Treatment

    Prior to forming embankment over soft ground, the soil overwhich fill material shall be placed shall be given strength improvement treatment as specified and to the details as shown on the Drawings or as directed or approved by the S.O. Treatment by means of replacement of unsuitable material shall be as specified in Sub-Sections 2.2.3.4 and 2.2.3.5.

    The first layer or layers of fill materials shall be deposited over the full width of the embankment and berms in thicknesses and compacted as approved by the S.O. The Contractor shall provide compaction plant suitable for working over soft ground.

    2.2.6.2 Surcharge and Staged Construction

    Where indicated in the Contract or directed by the S.O., the embankment shall be built todifferent heights in stages with or without surcharge with allowancefor consolidation time periods in between stages, all in accordance with the Contract. Where surcharge is specified, the Contractor shall be responsible for the provision of surcharge material and the removal and disposal of excess material on