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SAFE DESIGN, OPEN CITYINTRODUCTIONJerusalem lies at the core of the Israel-Palestine con�ict. Jerusalem is contested space. Negotiations have, until now, not resolved this con�ict. Every new letdown brings renewed strife. Projects of various kinds have been introduced to help, be they physical “visions for Jerusalem”, “People to people” attempts or others. None will bring peace or justice as long as the basic factors of the con�ict are not addressed and resolved in a manner that both parties will recognize.

We believe that the Just Jerusalem Competition will see a number of innovative and insightful entries. But they will, in their approach, presuppose the resolution of the current con�ict in order to work, and therefore be unworkable unless supported by ideas that remove the edge of the con�ict.

We aim to circumvent the stalemate In order to help bring about peace. In the rhetoric around the con�ict, safety and security are key words. We take this rhetoric at face value and propose a way to provide it, thereby defusing the con�ict.

Our goal is to create a safe space around the core of Jerusalem, so that no party can use violence as a pretext for further hostilities, and provide a state of balance that will be conductive for the slow development of trust over time. Our approach simply buys time for negotiated solutions to gain ground, and for a fair and free market economy to develop.

Our methodology is simple:

We de�ne a workable perimeter for the International City of Jerusalem, based on the competition information, Jerusalem 2020 Master Plan, and on our own ground experience, working with and for both sides, since 1995.

We maintain that perimeter and meet strict service levels that allow free �ow of large numbers of personnel, vehicles and materials using the proven methods for Olympic City Security from Sydney 2000, Salt Lake 2002 and Athens 2004.

We employ the three concepts of “Safe Jerusalem”, “Private-Civic-Public Space” and “Land Value Equation” to slowly develop and sustain equal and appropriate socio-economic conditions, ownership and enterprise. This allows for the ideas, concepts and visions of other competition entries.

Our key assumptions are:- That the International City of Jerusalem is open to all visitors regardless of race, religion or provenance.- That no weapons or prohibited items enter, are held or used within the city limits other than by the international civil public safety agency.

The three concepts form the basis of our proposal, addressing safety, the quality of urban space, and protection of ownership of property.

1. A Safe Jerusalem Concept that will allow all residents and visitors access to Jerusalem’s core space through an agreed and workable Perimeter. This perimeter conforms with the urban landscape, with controlpoints for all persons, vehicles and material. The International City of Jerusalem, inside the perimeter, will be searched and cleared of weapons and agreed prohibited items. The Perimeter de�nes a zone that is controlled by a neutral/international entity, recognized by all. The abolition of weapons will be conductive for new economic growth on both sides and create a zone that will be attractive for investment and improvements, the return of trade and business, and the return of professionals in all �elds of civil society.

2. A Public – Civic – Private Concept based on the qualities of urban space at three levels. The PCP Concept provides a framework for physical improvements and interventions at both strategic, long-term levels and temporary “with an attitude” levels, with high visibility and public attention. They aim at improvements in daily life and at bridging gaps, spatial as well as cultural-/civil. They are based on the city’s qualities of public, civic and private space.

3. A Land Value Equation Concept that creates an internationally agreed, independent, objective and supportable determination of land value in Jerusalem at a pre-determined date.. Several source documents will need to be consulted for this including Jerusalem City Council property tax records, The EU Multi- Sector Study, The Jerusalem 2020 Master Plan, the ‘Soldaire’ model in Lebanon, General and Private Waqf records. After an appraisal period the key aim is to establish and publish ‘fair value’ across the International City at a key date, the Land Value Equation (LVE) is then converted to a metric that is common and accepted across the whole area under consideration for the International Jerusalem. Market forces are then (encouraged) allowed to progress under supervision of the Local Government Authority. Land ownership remains una�ected. The consequences of not developing an LVE would be rampant land speculation, “unfriendly take-overs” of property and land in order to e�ect economic domination.

THE PERIMETER

PURPOSE:To create a disarmed space (safe zone) with a perimeter around.

QUALITY:The perimeter is elastic, it can be - modi�ed after more detailed investigation of its viability, and- expanded to new areas, as more neighbourhoods want to join- satellites can be added to the controlled area with perimeters of their own, to include speci�c but separate points of attraction (shown here: the Jerusalem Mall and Railway Station area)

PERIMETER DEVELOPMENT:If 2008 sees the continuation of the con�ict, the implementation of the perimeter and safe zone could become a reality in no more than 4 years, by 2012.

In a matter of a few years, more will want to join for reasons of economy, status and convenience. By another 4 years, in 2018, satellites could already be proli�c, and gradually be included in the main safety zone.

By 2030 the Jerusalem perimeter could since some time have reached a natural maximum extension, partially swallowing the wall/security fence and making it redundant.

FUTURE SCENARIOSFrom a future with a large international and safe city, some political scenarios could be formulated. One is a Two State Solution, with Jerusalem as a shared space and capital with two sovereignties. Another is a Federation Solution, and sees Jerusalem as the shared capital of two confederate states. In both, the perimeter and control regime could become redundant. A third, which could be a future development form either one of the two, is a One State Solution with Jerusalem as its capital.

CRITERIAPRAGMATIC: - perimeter simple to control, few entry points,- safe zone not too big during the initial period (time and cost factors),- functional criteria must be adjusted to size.

FUNCTIONAL:- perimeter is a functional line, minimize negative impacts, follow landscape division lines, main roads etc- functional roads system inside disarmed space- infrastructure for social services: schools, health- infrastructure for tourism: hotels, restaurants etc- urban recreation: commerce, leisure, parks, restaurants, amusement, cinemas, sports, concert halls, playgrounds etc- infrastructure for commercial and industrial service

DESTINATION:- the Old City- other sites of historical and cultural heritage signi�cance- religious sites for all three religions- museums, universities, libraries, think tanks

DEMOGRAPHIC BALANCE:- relative balance in resident population, not exclusive, not disproportional- large enough and diverse enough to be an urban population- include diplomatic and religious representation

Populations, Households and Buildings Included are:(according to the given population table III, 2003)Palestinian residents 50 000 9 500 households (5,3 per hh)Israeli residents 38 000 11 000 households (3,2 per hh)Total: 88 000 20 500 households

Number of buildings to be controlled for arms (approximation):Assumption: - 2,5 households/building- 3/4 of buildings are residential or mixed use, 1/4 non-residential 20 500 households represent 8200 residential and mixed use bldsTotal number of buildings: 11 000 (rough estimate)

Planning Time: Based on the planning and rollout of similar sized operations a total of approx 2 ½ years for planning, preparation and development of the entities, security components and commencing construction. Like in Olympics, any planning would be aligned with the construction logic of the International Jerusalem master planning e�orts for transport, infrastructure, roads, etc. Indicative Costs: This would be further de�ned and needs to be considered against the tangible (economic) and intangible (just) bene�ts. There are several major expenditure categories:- Planning and Program Management overhead (15% of total)- CAPEX on current Master Plan/Infrastructure adjustments. (TBA)- CAPEX for establishing the International Jerusalem entities such as Local Government Authorities, Police, EMS, etc (TBA)- CAPEX for establishing the Security Overlay (Perimeter: $40million, City Wide systems: $35Million, Command Systems: $10Million)- Annual OPEX for all of above including personnel costs (TBA)

PROPOSALOur Initial Perimeter Proposal includes:Inside the perimeter one �nds:- the Old City and the bulk of Jerusalem’s religious sites- east and west side shopping areas such as Ben Yehuda – Ja�a Street and Salah Ed-Din – Az Zahra Street- hotels and YMCA/YWCAs- hospital (Hadassah, clinics)- City Hall, Orient House, Islamic Waqf- Hebrew and Al-Aqsa University campus/units- UNRWA, UN units- International church representation, diplomatic representation, Goethe Institute, British Council, French Cultural Centre etc- central residential neighbourhoods- industry, repair shops (Wadi Joz)- parks and open land, landscape viewpoints (Mount of Olives, Mt Scopus)

SAFE JERUSALEM CONCEPT

1 : 1 2 5 0 0SAFE DESIGN, OPEN CITY

perimeter

main roads

theatres, cineams, concert halls

shopping malls / areas

religious sites: jewish, christian, muslim

parks

sports facilities

cultural heritage sites / museums

hotels

other roads

2008Con�ict!

security fence / wall

SSI SSP

2012Safe - perimeter More want to join

2018 2030-50Maximum perimeter

CAPITAL OF TWO SOVEREIGN STATES THIRD PARTY CONTROL SSI

SSP

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SSP

2030-2050 + 2030-2050 +

CAPITAL OF TWO CONFEDERATE STATESFEDERAL OR THIRD PARTY CONTROL

2050+

CAPITAL OF ONE STATE - PERIMETER OBSOLETE

A D A Y I N T H E L I F EIn order to ‘paint a picture’ of several small hypothetical sce-narios are presented to illustrate some of the components.

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AN INTERNATIONAL JERUSALEMThe International Jerusalem will have ownership, management and control exercised by di�erent elements just like the operation of a normal public company with shareholders, managers and a board.

The ownership of land in International Jerusalem will be those that own the land on the day the e�ective date of Land Value Equation.

The Management of International Jerusalem would be in the hands of a third party professional service (Local Governing Authority) such as a municipal council sta�ed by international third party (with local) based on contemporary selection criteria. They are responsible for implementing The Charter. Both Sovereign State of Israel (SSI) and Sovereign State of Palestine (SSP) would initially provide monitors to oversee their interests. Security and Policing would likewise be done by professional (international) third party secondee’s or contractors.

Control and oversight would be thru a board of governors made up of senior leaders from represented religions, international organizations and business.

Domicile would be based on contemporary requirements in EU countries. International Jerusalem residents would typically have a speci�c ID card and also one (or more) passport for other residency. Workers, visitors, VIPs would all have an appropriate ID device speci�c to International Jerusalem.

An Integrated Secure Perimeter will de�ne International Jerusalem. Access Control will be via a number of Main Access Gateway’s (MAG) and Local Access Gateway’s (LAG). Goods and Material would enter via a Material Screening Facilites (MSF) using Logistics Certi�cations Programs. The Integrated Secure Perimeter may NOT necessarily contain a Perimeter Fence but may make use of existing buildings and/or geographical features with modi�cations. The Integrated Secure Perimeter System should seek to make maximum use of other extant perimeters such as border regimes, road ways, building facades/faces and linkages/routing/pathing with Tra�c & Transportation

The area de�ned by the perimeter will need to undergo periods of Lock Down and Security Sweep with the whole area being divided into logical zones for searching. This would be supported by temporary perimeter systems until the complete International Jerusalem was completed.

Vehicles approaching International Jerusalem will be directed into lanes that bypass the International Jerusalem or lanes for entry into International Jerusalem under a Tra�c Master Plan. Vehicles will have the option to make use of a Park & Ride/Walk facility under the Tra�c & Transportation program. All vehicles will be searched and shall display a Permit if they choose to enter through a Main or Local Access Gateway.

The security command and control will be exercised from a security command centre that has representation form all key stakeholders and international/third party presence.

See further technical descriptions in the appendix.

International visitors, arriving by commercial aircraft at neighbouring Sovereign State Point of Entry (POE). Mr & Mrs Jones from New York �nally get to visit International Jerusa-lem – a very personal and religious experience for them – after so many years of con�ict there. They booked their tickets through a certi�ed Travel Agent in New York and the airline sta� correctly annotated their luggage tags and boarding passes. Upon arrival they exit the aircraft with the 15 other people on their tour and follow the signage for ‘International Jerusalem’. They are channelled through immigration and customs and into a small fenced o� Transport Mall. They sip co�ee as they notice their baggage is loaded onto a nominated bus and a Security o�cer places seals across the bus luggage compartments. Soon they are o� along the motorway. They notice that beside the driver there is a very polite unarmed but uniformed man (with a radio) also on the bus – he points out passing landmarks. They see the turn o� for International Jerusalem and soon approach a control-point. A uniformed man looks at the Bus Permit and asks the driver a few questions. In less than 15 seconds they continue and approach what looks like a toll-gate. Their bus is marshalled to the far right lane where they are stopped for 20 seconds while a security o�cer goes around the bus – must be checking the seals – the driver jokes with other passengers; ’why they bother, he says, we have a GPS vehicle locating system �tted so they would know if we diverted or stopped anyway’. They continue past the ‘Welcome to International Jerusalem’ sign and within 15 minutes are checking into their Hotel.

The ‘day trippers’ from Israel. Miriam and Danny got the SMS message about the party in Jerusalem while they were at the beach. No time to go home, they decide to go straight there after picking up the others. After a 45 minute drive the signage is channelling them into the lane marked International Jerusalem. Now the usual argument begins – do we take the car in or use the Park and Ride? They decide to Park and Ride. They approach a check-point where they are stopped – ‘where have you come from’, ‘where are you going’, ‘will you use Park and Ride’ and ‘how long do you intend to stay’ are the usual questions which they answer – they produce ID’s and the security o�cer applies an adhesive vehicle permit to the windscreen. They reach the beginning of the Main Access Gateway and are marshalled into the large car park – they grab their day-packs and move through a ‘mag and bag’ check and onto a mini bus that goes down town – great! Enough time for some shopping on Ben Yehuda thinks Danny…

The Vendor delivering goods. Mr Khoury is running late with his beverage deliveries. His company is a ‘self certi�ed’ company under the Logistic Certi�cation Program, so both he and the other driver were background checked and trained. He pulls into the company warehouse and the special area set aside for deliveries to International Jerusalem. The loadmaster is just running the last pallet through the X-Ray machine, Mr Khoury notices a Police o�cer looking on –must be a random inspection. The Pallet is loaded and in his mirror he sees the company loadmaster apply the special seals to the doors of his refriger-ated truck. The loadmaster then walks around checking underneath the vehicle and waves Mr Khoury out. The Police O�cer takes some notes – always a worry because any breaches will bankrupt the company or at least he will lose his job. He approaches the Forward Control Point where a security o�cer halts him – checking his permit and manifest. The security o�cer asks a couple of questions about where he is going, and then waves him on. He approaches the Main Access Gatway and is marshalled into the far right line, he is stopped again while a security o�cer checks the seals and underneath – a policeman is concentrating on him and barks an order – he is directed over to a resolution lane – “oh no I am going to be late again” Mr Khoury thinks as the police o�cer approaches…

The Family Weekend. The Qadan and Tarazi families are neighbours in Gaza City. They are o� for a weekend in Al-Quds. They have bought tickets for the Secure Passage Bus that will take them all there. Upon entering the bus, all are checked, along with the baggage that will be sealed in a separate compartment. The bus is a special colour that does not stop and has an unarmed security o�cer on board with a radio. The journey takes about 90 minutes and they are all excited as the pass under the ’International Jerusalem’ signpost. Other signs are for Greater Jerusalem (East and West). They approach a Control Point and undergo e�cient, quick, and pleasant checks on the vehicle, the driver and some technology for satellite tracking. They see many friends, on Thursday nights, many Palestinians now come in from Gaza and the West Bank. The Qadans will attend Friday prayer at the Haram al-Sharif, and the Tarazis will visit the Greek Orthodox Church for Mass during the weekend. For both families, these are important undertakings. But they also look forwards to seeing the Old City again, and going to the Jerusalem Mall (a satellite area) for shopping and to see movies. This satellite area is easily accessible by the secure light rail shuttle that leaves from the old Jerusalem Railway Station. There will, de�nitely, also be time for the new, great amusement park near the southern perimeter. The children, of course, are extremely excited.

The Resident Shopping. Shulamit Zohar is a resident of West Jerusalem outside the secure perimeter. She likes to shop on BenYahuda, which is now inside the satellite Secure Perim-eter. Shulamit drives into the designated lane for her Local Access Gateway, she has a Vehicle Permit clearly displayed on her front window. As she approaches the Forward Control Point an unarmed but uniformed Security person asks her destination. After her response he places a small sticker on her VP/vehicle, wishes her a nice day (she knows him from the night shift) and she continues. As usual she sees the Police always nearby, several times when she has had visitors in her vehicle they have asked her to stop. She approaches the Local Access Gatway, her Vehicle Permit (with sticker) is interpreted and she is marshalled into the left hand bay. She pops the ‘hood and trunk’ as one security o�cer checks them both while the other runs a mirror quickly around underneath the vehicle. They don’t check the small bags because she is a resident and they know she will park in the shopping centre car park (where there is a bag check) and they have annotated her VP as such. She is moving again in less than a minute.¬

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1 : 1 2 5 0 0SAFE DESIGN, OPEN CITY

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Vehicle Barrier System

Controlled Vehicle Pathing with Vehicle Permit Checkpoints

Vehicle Screening Area & Material Transfer Area

P C P C O N C E P T- PUBLIC - CIVIC - PRIVATE -

The PCP CONCEPT consists of four blocks:

PROGRAMMING PUBLIC SPACE

THEMATIC ENHANCEMENT

STRATEGIC IMPROVEMENT

TEMPORARY HAPPENING- culture & art -

The urban fabric is a rich source for experience, investigation, discovery, experi-mentation, movement and daily undertakings. Given security and equal citizens’ rights, it is wonderfully open to the positive friction that is a result of human and spatial diversity. In this sense, the city is the antidote of prejudice. Seen from a democratic point of view, the urban fabric o�ers the best possible environment for tolerance, participation, expression and compassion – again, given rights and equal opportunity.

We de�ne three levels of urban space, public, civic and private. They are distinctly di�erent, although there is intermittent space as well.

Public space is shared but rarely appropriated. It can be symbolic, representative for state and political purpose, or recreational etc. It is orderly, well kempt. Thus, although shared, it has a quality of anonymity. Also, it is easily controlled. Inter-ventions in public space will be aimed at he symbolic, and can be very signi�cant in representing common interest. Good public space in a culturally and ethnically diverse city has the capacity of bridging di�erences by bringing people together for events, recreation and celebration.

Civic space is not symbolic or representative. But it is bustling: civic is where the day-to-day goings-on take place. It is intimate but basically shared. It is not appropriated by anyone, although distinct groups are prevalent. Typically, this is street level urbanity. It is not easily controlled. Attempts at controlling civic space characterize repressive regimes. Good civic space is building blocks in a secure city. Good civil space can help bridge di�erences when fear is taken away and what the city o�ers in trade, retail and leisure takes over.

Private space is important to the city. A distinct quality of the city is that borders between public and private are clearly legible. Typically, private space is repre-sented by gardens, back yards etc. It may very well be common, but for a restricted group such as the tenants of a house or residents of a city block with a common back yard. In the urban fabric, private space depends on civic space as the gate to the city. Good private space is safe and plays an important role as refuge. The quality of private space depends on civic and public space.

Some urban space in Jerusalem becomes privatized because it is religiously speci�c (for example Mea Shearim). This introduces the necessity for “House Rules” in respect for speci�city, and in order to avoid con�ict. Such enclaves are no threat to the quality of the city as long as they do not interfere in normal movement. But privatized space, including various forms of upper-class refuges, has no real contribution inside the perimeter and is left outside.

We propose programs for public and civic space. Private space is not the primary concern of this proposal. Interventions in private space will come as a natural result of improvements elsewhere.

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c i v i cc i v i cc i v i c / s e m i - p r i v a t e

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The Zone along the Old City Wall is in several places underused and could be given programs that would make them more attractive to use. This could involve the use of both hard surfaces

and water in addition to grass, trees and soil. The map and photo images represent abstractions of how the interventions could be. On the central map, parks and open areas are shown in

green. They represent areas that could be improved to enhance their public status and value. For the large park to the south, we propose a large amusement park. Amusement parks are unbeatable people attractors, and will o�er leisure without provocation to families from all

walks of life. The exposure that this o�ers will hopefully be conductive for unprejudiced play and growing tolerance and respect.

INTERVENTIONS IN PUBLIC SPACE

PROGRAMMING PUBLIC SPACEWe propose programs to expose the potential of public

space and to introduce a quality that will bring people there, irrespective of background. Contacts may take

time, but hopefully be the result of a return to peace and normality. The programs represent grand improvements, are long-term oriented and have a permanent character.

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DamaskusGate

New Gate

Herod Gate

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Emek Refa´im

Street

walk / bicycle pathbus loopbicycle pathbicycle path

1: christian quarter2: muslim quarter3: jewish quarter4: armenian quarter5: jewish quarter - German Colony -6: muslim quarter - Bab ez Zahra -

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INVESTIGATION

EXAMPLES : from left : Olivier, Michael De Feo aka Flowerguy, Patrick Smith, background picture from www.woostercollection.com, Bruxselles: autor’s pictures

Salah Ad-Din Street: BEFORE Salah Ad-Din Street: AFTER

TEMPORARY HAPPENINGS, - CULTURE AND ART - is a proposal for direct action. By bringing Palestinian, Israeli and international artists to Jerusalem we aim to create varied and changing venues for the production of art and expression of culture, in cooperation with people on a neighbourhood level. The cooperation across former division lines will set an example and draw positive attention to this proj-ect, and hopefully be conductive of growing trust, respect and belief in a common better future.

Culture and Art aim at encouraging interaction between West and East Jerusalem. TEMPORARY HAPPENINGS, for example temporary art projects, music or dance performances, activate the city and encourage residents and visitors to explore Jerusalem. The GRID can be a tool to spread action and interaction within the perimeter at even intervals. The artists will be given a point, or an area close by, in which they have to work. Exploring this grid becomes a di�erent way of discover-ing the city at urban arbitrary but geometrically �xed points.

In addition, both the process of art production and the results will have e�ects on two di�erent levels. One is that people, both residents and visitors, will want to come and see. This will help proliferate teashops and food vendors to areas of town with little to o�er, and thus boost local economies. Another is that the intro-duction of art and art happenings will trigger local improvements on buildings streets, gardens and landscape. When city authorities in Barcelona, after the fall of Fascism, started a program of making small local parks and street corner improve-ments, private owners in the neighbourhoods almost immediately took to improving their properties too. This lesson is universal, and it will work I Jerusalem when people will trust that their rights are respected.

CLOSING REMARKS

Your reading of our submission has probably taken you on what is (compared to other entries) a relatively plain journey. There are no ‘visionary’ design features, no grand avenues, no massive public spaces; just a commitment to take what we know now, add in and develop tried and tested concepts, apply and align them to the local environment and set o� on a visionary path to a Just Jerusalem in 2050.

We have stepped you through from the day after tomorrow until 2050 allowing Jerusalem to go through four phases on its visionary path. We have put a physical perimeter around the core of current Jerusalem and explain how it is implemented and managed during similar sized activities, i.e. Olympics. This Safe Jerusalem Concept buys Jerusalem time to allow the three concepts to take hold: The Public-Civic-Private concept of living together allows all to interact in their city, and the Land Value Equation becomes the engine for growth and prosperity for all.

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INTERVENTIONS IN CIVIC SPACE

STRATEGIC IMPROVEMENTS are aimed at the street level where urbanity is at its most intense. We name the Ben Yehuda – Ja�a Street – Nahalat Shiv’a area in the West, somewhat neglected but with great potential, and Salah Ed-Din Street – Az-Zahra area in the east, the core of East Jerusalem outside the Old City. The regeneration of the Mamilla area is an ongo-ing example.

Salah Ed-Din Street is the core commercial street in East Jerusalem outside the Old City. It is constricted and too full of cars. They could be diverted, and business transportation limited to early morning hours. Thus one could transform Salah Ed-Din into an easygoing street full of pleasant shops selling on pavements, teahouses serving pedestrians outside, shaded streetscape etc, all with emphasis on universal access. Some of the best bookstores and spice-shops in the region are already there.

Neighbouring streets could undergo the same improvements, and back yards and rooftops could be converted into restaurants and co�ee-shops. This doesn’t take a great deal of funding but does involve coordinated action. Tourists and visitors will be queuing up to come to Jerusalem after the perimeter is established, so the investment will soon be proven pro�table.

THEMATIC ENHANCEMENT aims at exposing the many layers of Jerusalem in terms of ethnicity, religion, cultural history, landscape etc. This could be achieved as mere maps highlighting themes such as “Christian”, “Roman” “Mameluk” or “Biol-ogy”, or actual improvements of various speci�c themes. It also re�ects the con-cept of Jerusalem as a “mosaic”.

The objective of thematic trails as ingredients within the perimeter is to enhance awareness among national and international visitors to Jerusalem, as well as residents.

TRAILS :- historical - British mandate - Ottoman period - architectural (incl. comtemporary ) - Biblical - neighbourhood - explore the various neighbourhoods within the perimeter with its diversity in religion and culture - cross-section of Jerusalem, illuminated path - religious - Muslim tour - Jewish tour - Christian tour - TTT : tolerant tourist trail, includes sites representing all three religions

- shopping - traditional markets fruits, spices, souvenirs - modern markets malls, shops, main streets - books, artefacts, art, handicrafts

The Neigbourhood trail is shown on the map to the left. The diagram to the right shows the Christian tour.

christian

BUS STOP

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WALK PATH

This collage shows a vision of the illumanted path. Our own photos combined with pictures from Raisio Market Square, Vesa Honkonen architects.

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This collage shows a vision of the illumanted path. Our own photos combined with pictures

SAFE DESIGN, OPEN CITY