Java Ring Seminar Report

7/26/2019 Java Ring Seminar Report

1/22

1. INTRODUCTION

The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters (0.6 inches) in diameter that

houses a 1-million-transistor processor, called an iButton. The ring has 13 !B o"

R#$, 3% !B o" R&$, a real-time cloc' and a Java virtual machine, hich is a piece

o" so"tare that recognies the Java language and translates it "or the user*s computer

s+stem.

#t eleration chool, the rings have een programmed to store electronic cash to

pa+ "or lunch, automaticall+ unloc' doors, ta'e attendance, store a student*s medical

in"ormation and allo students to chec' out oo's. #ll o" this in"ormation is stored

on the ring*s iButton. tudents simpl+ press the signet o" their Java Ring against the

Blue /ot receptor, and the s+stem connected to the receptor per"orms the "unction

that the applet instructs it to. n the "uture, the Java Ring ma+ start +our car. $oile

computing is eginning to rea' the chains that tie us to our des's, ut man+ o"

toda+*s moile devices can still e a it a'ard to carr+ around. n the net age o"

computing, e ill see an eplosion o" computer parts across our odies, rather than

across our des'tops. /igital 2eelr+, designed to supplement the personal computer,

ill e the evolution in digital technolog+ that ma'es computer elements entirel+

compatile ith the human "orm.

The Java Ring, "irst introduced at Java &ne on"erence, has een tested at

eleration chool, an innovative !-1% school 2ust outside &rlando. The rings given

to students are programmed ith Java applets that communicate ith host

applications on netor'ed s+stems. #pplets are small applications that are designed

to e run ithin another application. The Java Ring is snapped into a reader, called a

Blue /ot receptor, to allo communication eteen a host s+stem and the Java Ring.

1


2/22

igure 1.14 5rotot+pe o" stainless steel 2ava ring.

2


3/22

2. HISTORY

n the summer o" 17, /allas emiconductor orp. produced the "irst stainless-

teel encapsulated memor+ devices utiliing the /allas emiconductor 1-8ire

communication protocol. B+ 10, this protocol had een re"ined and emplo+ed in a

variet+ o" sel"-contained memor+ devices. &riginall+ called 9touch memor+9 devices,

the+ ere later renamed 9iButtons.9 5ac'aged li'e atteries, iButtons have onl+ a

single active electrical contact on the top sur"ace, ith the stainless steel shell

serving as ground.

/ata can e read "rom or ritten to the memor+ seriall+ through a simple and

inepensive R%3% serial port adapter, hich also supplies the poer re:uired to

per"orm the ;&. The iButton memor+ can e read or ritten ith a momentar+

contact to the 9Blue /ot9 receptor provided + the adapter. 8hen not connected to

the serial port adapter, memor+ data is maintained in non-volatile random access

memor+ (nli'e electricall+ erasale programmale

read-onl+ memor+ (??5R&$), the


4/22

2.1 The postal security device

or over 10 +ears, /allas emiconductor also has een designing, ma'ing, and

selling a line o" highl+ secure microprocessors that are used in satellite T=

descramlers, automatic teller machines, point-o"-sale terminals, and other similar

applications re:uiring cr+ptographic securit+ and high resistance to attac' +

hac'ers. The >.. 5ostal ervice*s (>5) n"ormation Based ndicia 5rogram 5ostal

ecurit+ /evice peci"ication, intended to permit printing o" valid >.. postage on

an+ 5, provided the "irst opportunit+ to comine to areas o" epertise hen a

secure microprocessor as designed into an iButton the resulting product, named the

Crypto iButton, comines high processor per"ormance, high-speed cr+ptographic

primitives, and eceptional protection against ph+sical and cr+ptographic attac'. or

eample, the large integer modular eponentiation engine can per"orm 10%-it

modular eponentiations ith a 10%-it eponent in signi"icantl+ less than a second.

The ailit+ to per"orm large integer modular eponentiations at high speed is central

to R# encr+ption, /i""ie- Aellman 'e+ echange, /igital ignature tandard (5

176), and man+ other modern cr+ptographic operations.

# special operating s+stem as designed and stored in the R&$ o" the r+pto

iButton to support cr+ptograph+ and general-purpose "inancial transactions -- such as

those re:uired + the 5ostal ervice program. 8hile not a Java virtual machine, the

?commerce "irmare designed "or this application had several points o" similarit+

ith Java, including an o2ect-oriented design and a +tecode interpreter to interpret

and eecute /allas emiconductor*s custom-designed ?-ommerce cript anguage.

# compiler as also ritten to compile the high-level language representation o" the

cript anguage to a +tecode "orm that could e interpreted + the ?-ommerce

=$. #lthough the ?-ommerce "irmare as intended primaril+ "or the >5

application, the "irmare supports a variet+ o" general electronic commerce models

that are suitale "or man+ di""erent applications. The ?-ommerce "irmare also

supports cr+ptographic protocols "or secure in"ormation echange such as the imple

!e+-$anagement "or nternet 5rotocol (!5) developed + un $icros+stems nc.

The ?-ommerce iButton and the /! "or programming it are descried in detail on

the r+pto iButton home page.

4


5/22

3. CO!ON"NTS

The main components o" the 2ava ring are "olloing4-

J#=# =RT># $#A


6/22

3.2. R$

Java ring contains 13' o" non-volatile random access memor+. 5rogram and data is

stored in this non-volatile random access memor+ .This non-volatile random access

memor+ o""ers high read;rite speed and also provides temper resistance through

instantaneous clearing o" all memor+ hen tempering is detected. This process is

called rapid eroiation. The


7/22

The 2ava ring contains 3%' o" R&$ .# special 'ind o" operating s+stem called

?commerce operating s+stem hich is ased on 2ava and J=$ is stored in the R&$.

This operating s+stem handles all the operation hich is happening in the iButton. t

is stored in R&$ ecause it is not supposed to e altered + the user. The r+pto

iButton hardare plat"orm o""ers a uni:ue set o" special "eatures epressl+ designed

to prevent private 'e+s and other con"idential in"ormation "rom ecoming availale

to hac'ers.

The silicon die containing the processor, R&$, and


8/22

n the 2ava ring real time cloc' gives the eact time o" the da+. The real time cloc'

can continuousl+ run up to more than 10 +ears + the energ+ provided the lithium

ac'up.

n addition, the processor itsel" is driven + an unstailied ring oscillator operating

over a range o" 10 to %0 megahert, so that the cloc' "re:uenc+ o" the processor is

not constant and cannot e determined + eternal means. This di""ers "rom the

design o" alternative devices in hich the processor cloc' signal is in2ected + the

reader and is there"ore eactl+ determined + the host processor. ?ternal control o"

the cloc' provides a valuale tool to hac'ers, since the+ can repetitivel+ c+cle such a

processor to the same point in its eecution simpl+ + appl+ing the same numer o"

cloc' c+cles. ontrol o" the cloc' also a""ords a means to induce a calculation errorand there+ otain in"ormation that can ultimatel+ reveal secret encr+ption 'e+s. #

3%-'ilohert cr+stal oscillator is used in the Java iButton to operate the time-o"-da+

cloc' at a constant and ell-controlled "re:uenc+ that is independent o" the processor

cloc'. n addition, the processor itsel" is driven + an unstailied ring oscillator

operating over a range o" 10 to %0 megahert, so that the cloc' "re:uenc+ o" the

processor is not constant and cannot e determined + eternal means. This di""ers

"rom the design o" alternative devices in hich the processor cloc' signal is in2ected

+ the reader and is there"ore eactl+ determined + the host processor. ?ternal

control o" the cloc' provides a valuale tool to hac'ers, since the+ can repetitivel+

c+cle such a processor to the same point in its eecution simpl+ + appl+ing the same

numer o" cloc' c+cles. ontrol o" the cloc' also a""ords a means to induce a

calculation error and there+ otain in"ormation that can ultimatel+ reveal secret

encr+ption 'e+s. # 3%-'ilohert cr+stal oscillator is used in the Java iButton to

operate the time-o"-da+ cloc' at a constant and ell-controlled "re:uenc+ that is

independent o" the processor cloc'.

3.). I*utto+

8


9/22

igure 3.C.14 structure o" the iButton

The 2eel o" the 2ava ring is the 2ava iButton .t contains the one million transistor

processor single chip trusted microprocessor ith poer"ul 2ava virtual

machine(J=$) housed in rugged and secure stainless steel case. The r+pto iButton

hardare plat"orm o""ers a uni:ue set o" special "eatures epressl+ designed to

prevent private 'e+s and other con"idential in"ormation "rom ecoming availale to

hac'ers. igure shos a detail o" the internal construction o" the r+pto iButton. The

silicon die containing the processor, R&$, and


10/22

the cloc' provides a valuale tool to hac'ers, since the+ can repetitivel+ c+cle such a

processor to the same point in its eecution simpl+ + appl+ing the same numer o"

cloc' c+cles. ontrol o" the cloc' also a""ords a means to induce a calculation error

and there+ otain in"ormation that can ultimatel+ reveal secret encr+ption 'e+s. #

3%-'ilohert cr+stal oscillator is used in the Java iButton to operate the time-o"-da+

cloc' at a constant and ell-controlled "re:uenc+ that is independent o" the processor

cloc'.

i'e a smart card, an iButton does not have an internal poer source. t re:uires

connection to a reader ('non as a Blue /ot Receptor) in order to e supplied ith

poer and to receive input and send output. >nli'e some smart cards, there are

currentl+ no contactless iButtons4 the+ re:uire ph+sical contact ith a reader to"unction.

There are iButtons that measure temperature ("or "ood storage and transport)@ have an

electronic / ("or ph+sical access to uildings)@ and store e-cash ("or purchases oth

in stores and via the e). or e-commerce applications, the iButton can support

Java ard %.0;&penard standards in addition to proprietar+ so"tare. iButtons have

an advantage over conventional smart cards in term o" durailit+ and longevit+. The

stainless steel casing gives iButton a "ar greater ailit+ to survive in arange o"temperatures -- all versions are "unctional "rom -0 to DE0 -- and in a much

harsher range o" environments (such as eposure to salt ater and long term

eposure to ph+sical impacts) than the plastic smart card. or e-commerce and

personal / usage, iButtons can e mounted on a range o" personal accessories4

atch, ring, 'e+ chain, or dog tag.

#mong the ma2or successes "or the iButton have een its use in Tur'e+ as an epurse

"or the mass transit s+stem@ in #rgentina and Brail "or par'ing meters@ and in the

>nited tates as Blue $ailo attachments that improve postal e""icienc+.

10


11/22

igures 3.C.%4 /i""erent t+pes o" iButtons availale in the mar'et

3.,. *&U" DOT R"C"!TOR

The read;rite operation in the 2ava ring is done + the lue dot receptor provided +

the R%3% serial port adapter. The DS1'-2DDR/ is a part o" the /10% series. t is

a 1-8ire netor' cale designed to connect an+ serial or >B 10ireport adapter

that has a R#11 ac ith up to to i*utto+s simultaneousl+. The /10%/-/R7

Blue /ot receptor cale can touch an+ iButton "or reading, ut can onl+ retain the C

version iButtons.

!e+ eatures4-

oiled cale "or connecting iButtons to 1-8ire netor's (7 "t hen "ull+

etended). onvenient, o""-the-shel" connectivit+.

or momentar+ (3;C $icroan) or delled contact (C $icroan onl+).

#dhesive pad "or mounting on o2ects.

upports "or up to to iButtons at once.

an e used ith an+ ?/ host adapter e:uipped ith a RJ11 2ac'

(A#E,/0R)

The /10% series incorporates "our asic t+pes o" connectors, 1-8ire RJ-11,iButton, Touch-and-Aold 5roe, and Blue /otF Receptor. The /10% series o" 1-

11


12/22

8ire netor' cales provides connectivit+ "or iButtons. The cales are designed to

connect an+ >B, serial or parallel port 1-8ire adapter to an+ iButton. Both, the

iButton proe cales and the Blue /ot receptor cales can touch an+ iButton, ut can

onl+ hold the C version iButtons. The /10%BR7 is the onl+ cale that connects to

the /101 iButton Aolder. The applications o" the /10%-series 1-8ire netor'

cales range "rom so"tare protection and access control to asset management and

thermal monitoring through handheld computers. Button and 1-8ire are registered

trademar's o" /allas emiconductor orporation. The /10%/ Blue /ot Receptors

are iButton reader;proes that provide a convenient pipeline into the 5 "or iButton-

to-5 communication. The receptor*s cale connects to a >B, serial or parallel-port

1- 8ire adapter, hichever t+pe o" port +ou ish to use. The receptor itsel" easil+

a""ies to an+ accessile spot on the "ront o" the 5. The user can elect a :uic'

in"ormation trans"er ith a momentar+ touch o" the iButton to the Blue /ot. or

hands-"ree operation the iButton can e snapped into the Blue /ot and remain there.

?ach receptor contains to Blue /ots to accommodate instances here multiple

iButtons are re:uired "or a transaction. # compan+*s polic+ ma+, "or eample, re:uire

oth an emplo+ee and a supervisor to authenticate access to sensitive in"ormation

stored on a netor' server.

igures3.64 di""erent t+pes o" lue dot receptor in the mar'et

12


13/22

3.4. 10IR" INT"R5$C"

B+ simpl+ touching each o" the to contacts e can communicate to an+ o" theiButtons + using 1-8ire protocol. The 1-8ire inter"ace has to communicationspeeds. tandard mode is at 16'ps and overdrive mode at 1%'ps. 1-ire protocol isused "or communication eteen 5 and the lue dot receptor over the 1-ire


14/22

'. 0OR(IN6

ince 2ava ring is programmed ith the applets and the programming is done

according to our application and this ill speci"ic "or the speci"ic user. #ll

in"ormation o" the user is stored in the 2ava ring.

igure .14 ho 2ava ring is used to open the door

>ser simpl+ has to press the signet o" the 2ava ring against the lue dot receptor and

the s+stem connected to the receptor per"orms the "unction that the applets instruct it

to.2ava ring has the user pro"ile and the same pro"ile is present in the door emedded

s+stem also, hen the user press the signet o" the 2ava ring against the 2ava ring

reader hich is emedded at the handle o" the door the data is trans"erred "rom the

ring to door s+stem, i" the pro"ile is authentic means user is authentic to open the

door the applets president in the ring instruct the door to open. n"ormation is

trans"erred eteen iButton and a 5 ith a momentar+ contact, at up to 1%! its

per second. To do that one presses iButton to the Blue /ot receptor, a G1C pipeline

into 5. The Blue /ot stic's to an+ convenient spot on the "ront o" a 5 and is

caled to the serial or parallel port in the ac'. #ccording to the /allasuperconductor*s in"ormation, over 1 million iButtons are currentl+ in circulation.

ist o" the ma2or users include the >.. 5ost &""ice, entire truc' "leet "itted ith

iButtons that trac' vehicle maintenance@ itiens o" stanul, Tur'e+, ho store

digital cash in the iButton, using the device as a small change purse on their mass

transit s+stem. t as also said that the >.. 5ostal service has approved the

cr+ptographic iButton as a 5ostal ecurit+ /evice to e used in its 5 5ostage

program that allos individuals to donload postage o"" the nternet and print it

"rom their on printers

14


15/22

ince their introduction, iButton memor+ devices have een deplo+ed in vast

:uantities as rugged portale data carriers, o"ten in harsh environmental conditions.

#mong the large-scale uses are as transit "are carriers in stanul, Tur'e+@ as

maintenance record carriers on the sides o" R+der truc's@ and as mailo identi"iers

inside the mail compartments o" the >.. 5ostal ervice*s outdoor mailoes. The+

are orn as earrings + cos in anada to hold vaccination records, and the+ are

used + agricultural or'ers in man+ areas as rugged sustitutes "or timecards.

The iButton product line and its man+ applications are descried at /allas

emiconductor*s iButton 8e site, hich is listed in the Resources section. ?ver+

iButton product is manu"actured ith a uni:ue 7-+te serial numer and carries a

guarantee that no to parts ill ever have the same numer. #mong the simplestiButtons are memor+ devices that can hold "iles and sudirectories and can e read

and ritten li'e small "lopp+ dis's. n addition to these, there are iButtons ith

passord-protected "ile areas "or securit+ applications, iButtons that count the

numer o" times the+ have een reritten "or securing "inancial transactions,

iButtons ith temperature sensors, iButtons ith continuousl+ running date;time

cloc's, and even iButtons containing poer"ul microprocessors. n"ormation is




caled to the serial or parallel port in the ac'. #ccording to the /allas

uperconductor*s in"ormation, over 1 million iButtons are currentl+ in circulation.




transit s+stem. t as also said that the >.. 5ostal service has approved the


program that allos individuals to donload postage o"" the nternet and print it.

15


16/22

). S"CURITY

The 2ava ring provides ver+ high degree o" securit+ "or the con"idential data that is

stored in the


17/22

cr+stal oscillator is used in the Java iButton to operate the time-o"-da+ cloc' at a

constant and ell-controlled "re:uenc+ that is independent o" the processor cloc'.

).1. S"CURITY THROU6H #$%$ RIN6 IN C$R

igure C.14 ho 2ava ring is used in securit+ o" car

The un concept car*s securit+ is ased on a Java ring that contains a pro"ile o" the

user. Hou connect the Java ring to a ring receptor in the car, and the car 'nos, ased

on +our pro"ile, hat +ou are alloed to do. or eample, a ring given to a mechanicor valet allos that person to see the dashoard and drive 0 miles per hour ithin a

one loc' radius, ut no "aster or "arther. n a "amil+ here oth the husand and

i"e drive the car, each has individualied settings, so that hen the+ enter the car,

their environments are con"igured to the pro"iles on their rings. Java rings are

authoried through 5ersonal denti"ication


18/22

,. $!!&IC$TION

The 2ava ring is used initiall+ as rugged portale data carriers o"ten in harsh

environmental condition. t is used "or man+ real orld application e.g. "or opening

the door ,in the e-an'ing application "or getting the alance in +our account, logging

in +our personal computer, providing securit+ in +our car. iButton memor+ devices

have een deplo+ed in vast :uantities as rugged portale data carriers, o"ten in harsh

environmental conditions. #mong the large-scale uses are as transit "are carriers in

stanul, Tur'e+@ as maintenance record carriers on the sides o" R+der truc's@ and as

mailo identi"iers inside the mail compartments o" the >.. 5ostal ervice*s outdoor

mailoes. The+ are orn as earrings + cos in anada to hold vaccination records,

and the+ are used + agricultural or'ers in man+ areas as rugged sustitutes "or

timecards.

igure 6.14 application o" 2ava ring "or getting account alance o" a user through

internet

This demonstration shos ho an e-an'ing application (Jini client) tries to connect

to a an' server (Jini service) to retrieve the current account alance o" that user.

ince all an' data must e treated con"idential, the an' server interacts ith the

securit+ in"rastructure that is installed at the an', e"ore it responds to the

application. The an'Is securit+ in"rastructure demands that the user must

authenticate him to get the permission. There"ore an authentication scheme is started

at user side that as's the user to push her Java Ring on the Java Ring reader. nside

the Java Ring resides a Java interpreter that eecutes cr+ptographic routines to

per"orm that tas'. #"ter the authentication process on the Java Ring, the an' 'nos

the identit+ o" the user and that she is reall+ the one, she pretends to e. Then the

18


19/22

an' service can send the con"idential and personalied data to the e-an'ing

application that displa+s the current account alance.

igure 6.%4 application o" 2ava ring "or con"iguring +our car component according to+our pre"erences.

Java rings are authoried through 5ersonal denti"ication


20/22

>ser simpl+ has to press the signet o" the 2ava ring against the lue dot receptor and

the s+stem connected to the receptor per"orms the "unction that the applets instruct it

to.2ava ring has the user pro"ile and the same pro"ile is present in the door emedded

s+stem also, hen the user press the signet o" the 2ava ring against the 2ava ring

reader hich is emedded at the handle o" the door the data is trans"erred "rom the

ring to door s+stem. " the pro"ile is authentic means user is authentic to open the

door the applets present in the ring instruct the door to open. n"ormation is




caled to the serial or parallel port in the ac'. #ccording to the /allas

uperconductor*s in"ormation, over 1 million iButtons are currentl+ in circulation.




transit s+stem. it as also said that the >.. 5ostal service has approved the


program that allos individuals to donload postage o"" the nternet and print it

"rom their on printers.

20


21/22

4. CONC&USION

Java ring is highl+ durale ecause o" its rugged and secure stainless pac'ing. t is

used in personal computing. /allas emiconductor has produced more than %0

million ph+sicall+-secure memories and computers ith hard-shell pac'aging

optimied "or personal possession. The Java iButton, there"ore, is simpl+ the latest

and most comple descendant o" a long line o" products that have proven the+ to e

highl+ success"ul in the mar'etplace. 8ith its stainless steel armor, it o""ers the most

durale pac'aging "or a class o" products that li'el+ ill su""er heav+ use and ause

as personal possessions. The iButton "orm "actor permits attachment to a ide

variet+ o" personal accessories that includes rings, atchands, 'e+ "os, allets,

racelets, and nec'laces, so the user can select a variation that suits his or her

li"est+le.

21


22/22

R"5"R"NC"S

1K http4;;.2avaorld.com

%K http4;;.electronics.hostu""or's.com

3K http4;;.people.uchicago.edu

22

Documents

Java Ring Seminar Report