Janez Štebe, ADP, Univerza v Ljubljani ZMOŽNOSTI MEDNARODNIH ANKETNIH DRUŽBOSLOVNIH PRIMERJALNIH RAZISKAV (priredba predstavitve iz STATISTIČNI DNEVOV

Janez Štebe,ADP, Univerza v Ljubljani

ZMOŽNOSTI MEDNARODNIH ANKETNIH DRUŽBOSLOVNIH

PRIMERJALNIH RAZISKAV

(priredba predstavitve iz STATISTIČNI DNEVOV 2006 za študente Anketne

metodologije, 2007)

1990’ in 2000’: obdobje kontinuiranih mednarodnih

primerjalnih anketnih raziskav• V predstavitvi je poudarek na dveh najuglednejših

akademskih primerjalnih anketnih raziskavah novejšega časa: – International Social Survey Program – ISSP –

Mednarodni program družboslvonih raziskav, in

– European Social Survey (ESS) – Evropska družboslovna raziskava.

• Kakšen je njihov pomen, uporabnost za družboslovno raziskovanje?

Ugotavljanje kakovosti za dani namen:

NA PODLAGI:

• Vsebine

• Uporabljenih metod

• Dostopa do podatkov

Bogata vsebina

• Širok nabor subjektivnih indikatorjev o družbenem življenju in razmerah, tipi podatkov: – stališča, – Prepričanja in ocene družbenih razmer in posameznikovega

položaja , – Poročila o navadah, objektivni podatki

• Pri izboru indikatorjev upoštevajo znanstvene kriterije pomena: – Tako da zadostijo stalno prisotnemu zanimanju za določene teme

in na podlagi akademske radovednosti• Primerjalni značaj s širokim naborom evropskih in držav

sveta, sistematično ponavljanje posameznih tematskih sklopov v časovnih intervalih

Metodološka izpopolnjenost

• Merjenje– Izdelava vprašalnikov za več držav, ki so funkcionalno enakovredna za

dane populacije– Doseči ne le veljavnost samo zase, ampak veljavnost v mednarodnem

okviru– Isti vidiki razlik v jezikih, kulturi in družbeni strukturi, ki naredijo

mednarodno primerjalno razikovanje analitično zanimivo, predstavljajo oviro pri doseganju enakovrednosti merjenja

• Ukrepi za doseganje cilja– Pilotsko testiranje in ustrezen izbor indikatorjev– Ugotavljanje veljavnosti in zanesljivosti– Standardizacija merjenja in kumulativnost indikatorjev

• V okviru analiz je potrebno biti seznanjen s posebnostmi podatkov in pazljiv pri uporabi podatkov, da se izognemo napačnim zaključkom

www.europeansocialsurvey.org

Pristop k zagotavljanju kakovosti

• Izdelava vodičev po postopkih za zagotavljanje standardizacije procesa izdelave podatkov– Vzorčenje, prevajanje, potek izvedbe ankete

• Izvajalci so akademske ustanove z daljšp tradicijo in ugledom v posameznih državah,

• Visoke ciljne stopnje sodelovanja, • Harmonizacija spremenljivk v nacionalnih datotekah, • Podrobna dokumentacija preostalih posebnosti, podrobno

poročanje in pregled indikatorjev izvedbe – korenček in palica

Lahek dostop najširših skupin uporabnikov

• Sekundarna analiza je primarni namen

• Pri pogojih dostopa nimajo izvajalci raziskave nobenih prednosti

• Dostop je olajšan preko mreže podatkovnih arhivov, ki sodelujejo tudi pri spodbujanju širše uporabe podatkov

ESS - 3 main aims

- To produce rigorous trend data about changes in people’s underlying values

- To surmount the longstanding obstacles to comparability in the conduct of cross-

national surveys

- To achieve recognition for reliable social indicators and attitudinal measures

ESS organisation

CentralCoordinating

Team

Scientific Advisory

BoardQ’n Module Design Teams

Methods Group 25+ National Coordinators &

Survey institutes

Country 1 Country 2

Country 3

ETC

Sampling panel

Translation taskforce

Funders’ Forum

Specialist advisory groups

32 participating countries in Rounds 1-3Austria* Ireland* Slovenia* Belgium* Italy Spain* Bulgaria Israel Sweden* Czech Republic Italy Switzerland* Cyprus Latvia Turkey Denmark* Luxembourg UK* Estonia Netherlands* Finland* Norway* France* Poland* Germany* Portugal* Greece Romania Hungary* Russia Iceland Slovakia *all three rounds

Core questionnaire - structureSocio-political attitudes•Trust in institutions•Political interest & participation•Socio-political orientations•Multi-level governance

Values and quality of life•Underlying moral & social values•Social inclusion & exclusion•National, ethnic, religious allegiances•Well-being, health, security

Socio-demographic background variables•Demographic composition•Educational & occupational background•Financial circumstances•Household circumstances

Rotating modulesRound 1 (2002):

- Immigration

- Citizenship, involvement and democracy (CID)

Round 2 (2004):

- Family, work & well-being

- Economic morality in Europe

- Health and care seeking

Round 3 (2006):

- Personal and Social Well-being: Creating indicators for a flourishing Europe

- The Timing of Life: The organisation of the life course in Europe

ESS Round 1 response rates

0102030405060708090

Country

Re

sp

on

se

ra

te (

%)

ISSP: The four founding members agreed to

• jointly develop modules dealing with important areas of social science

• field the modules as a fifteen-minute supplement to the regular national surveys (or a special survey if necessary)

• include an extensive common core of background variables

• make the data available to the social science community as soon as possible.

Questionnaire drafting

• The topics for the ISSP yearly surveys are developed over several years by a sub-committee and are pre-tested in various countries.

• The annual plenary meeting of the ISSP then adopts the final questionnaire.

• ISSP questions need to be relevant to all countries and expressed in an equivalent manner in all languages.

• The questionnaire is originally drafted in British English and then translated into other languages.

The ISSP marks several new departures in the area of cross-

national research• the collaboration between organisations is not ad

hoc or intermittent, but routine and continual. • makes cross-national research a basic part of the

national research agenda of each participating country

• by combining a cross-time with a cross-national perspective, two powerful research designs are being used to study societal processes.

Study Profiles http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/index.htm

• 2008 - Religion III • 2007 - Leisure and Sports 2006 - Role

of Government IV • 2005 - Work Orientations III • 2004 - Citizenship • 2003 - National Identity II • 2002 - Family and Gender Roles III • 2001 -

Social Relations and Support Systems ('Social Networks II')

• 2000 - Environment II • 1999 - Social Inequality III • 1998 - Religion II • 1997 - Work Orientations II • 1996 - Role of Government III

• 1995 - National Identity • 1994 -

Family and Changing Gender Roles II • 1993 - Environment • 1992 - Social Inequality II • 1991 - Religion • 1990 - Role of Government II • 1985/1990 -

Role of Government I and II • 1989 - Work Orientations • 1988 - Family and Changing Sex Roles • 1987 - Social Inequality • 1986 -

Social Networks and Support Systems • 1985 - Role of Government

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/index.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/2003_National_Identity_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/2002_Family_III.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/2001_Social_Networks_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/2001_Social_Networks_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/2000_Environment_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1999_Social_Inequality_III.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1998_Religion_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1997_Work_Orientations_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1996_Role_of_Government_III.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1995_National_Identity.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1994_Family_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1993_Environment.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1992_Social_Inequality_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1991_Religion_I.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1990_Role_of_Government_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/85_90_Role_of_Government_I_II.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1989_Work_Orientations_I.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1988_Family_I.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1987_Social_Inequality_I.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1986_Social_Networks.htm

http://www.gesis.org/en/data_service/issp/data/1985_Role_of_Government_I.htm

Methodological characteristics

• The sample is a national representative random sample of the adult population, designed to achieve a minimum of 1,000 cases.

• Documented data files of each national group, together with technical details of the survey methods, are to be sent to the Data Archive without delay. The Data Archive will offer individual national datasets as well as a combined dataset to the scientific community.

• Mode of interviewing: personal interview, face to face or by telephone, self-completed drop-off, mail

ISSP Methodological Research

• The ISSP Methodology Group consists currently of actually five groups working on different areas of cross-cultural methods, all concerned with issues of equivalence: – translation

– mode effects

– demographic comparability

– non-response

– questionnaire design

Slovenia is officially contributing to ISSP project since the independence,

1990• Part of a research project Slovene public opinion survey

conducted by Public opinion and mass communication research centre, University of Ljubljana

• 15 thematic modules of ISSP bring Slovenia into a world map with potentials of cross-country and longitudinal comparative analysis

• Research infrastructure – publication output is broader then members of a research team only

• Ad hoc financial support inside basic research projects and program scheme does not correspond to a infrastructure character of ISSP – there is a risk of failing to fulfil obligations of membership in international collaboration

Type of survey

General social survey

Applied public opinion research

Minicensus

Typical representative

ESS, ISSP Eurobarometer European Quality of Life Survey

Main purpose Advanced social science research

Informing daily political decisions

Societal benchmarking

Target users (nonexclusive)

Science, education

EU Commission, national governments

Governmental and nongovernmental organisations

Support, organisation

Scientific institutes, national research projects

EU commission National governmental and international organisations


Tuji arhivi družboslovnih podatkov in specializirani projekti

• CESSDA - Council of European Social Science Data Archives • CSES - The Comparative Study of Electoral System • EES - European Election Studies • ESS - European Social Suvey • EVS - European Values Study • FFS - Fertility and Family Surveys • ICPSR – The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social

Research • IFDO – International Federation of Data Archives • ISJP - International Social Justice Project• ISSP - International Social Survey Programme • Volivne raziskave Vzhodne Evrope - Wahlstudien aus Osteuropa


ESS/ISSP Data Access

• http://zacat.gesis.org

• http://ess.nsd.uib.no/

• [email protected]

http://zacat.gesis.org/

http://ess.nsd.uib.no/



Dostop do drugih mednarodnih mikropodatkov

• http://www.esds.ac.uk/International/access/micro.asp

• http://www.esds.ac.uk/International/access/keyDatasets.asp


• Preostanek je namenjen predstavitvi Arhiva družboslovnih podatkov in iskanju ter naročanju podatkov


Naloge Arhiva• Poizvedovanje in pridobivanje podatkov• Ravnanje s podatki• Posredovanje in razširjanje podatkov

uporabnikom


Viri podatkov• Akademski raziskovalni projekti• Po naročilu vlade (npr. PB), iz virov

Statističnega urada,• Tržne in javnomnenjske raziskave

(Mediana, CATI, Gral – Iteo), • Iz tujih arhivov


Splošni pogoji in omejitve uporabe• Podatki se izročijo samo za določen namen• Uporabnik se zavezuje skrbeti za takšno

ravnanje s podatki, da je ohranjena tajnost podatkov

• Seznanjena uporaba (upošteva metodološka in konceptualna izhodišča ter omejitve raziskave)

• Citiranje podatkov po modelu navajanja literature


Kako do podatkov?

Preko predstavitvene strani ADP na Internetu

http://www.adp.fdv.uni-lj.si/



Poglejmo kako izgleda opis raziskave v primeru raziskave

Slovensko javno mnenje 2002/2: “Evropska družboslovna raziskava”.




METODOLOGIJA (podatki o raziskavi)

• Datum zbiranja podatkov• Geografsko pokritje / enota• Enota za analizo• Populacija• Tip vzorca• Uteževanje• Način zbiranja podatkov


Nesstar je

virtualna podatkovna knjižnica, ki omogoča iskanje, lociranje, pregledovanje in snemanje mnogo raznovrstnih statističnih in drugih podatkov in metapodatkov.





Iskanje spremenljivke


Napredno iskanje


Rezultat iskanja besede “OTROKA”










http://zacat.gesis.org

Documents

Janez Štebe, ADP, Univerza v Ljubljani ZMOŽNOSTI MEDNARODNIH ANKETNIH DRUŽBOSLOVNIH PRIMERJALNIH RAZISKAV (priredba predstavitve iz STATISTIČNI DNEVOV