( )

(IX ) , ,

( XIII ) ( ) ( , , )

() (1480) IV (1533 - 1584)

(XVII ) (1598 - 1613) (1613 - 1917) - ( 1667)

(XVIII ) I (1689 - 1725) , ( ) : (1741 - 1762) II (1763 - 1796) : ,

( XIX ) I (1801 - 1825) . . 1801. : 1812. , (1814) I (1825 - 1855) ( ) (1853.-1856.)

II (1855 - 1881) , , ; (1878) II ( 1881) III (1881 - 1894) (1894)

II (1894.-1917.) (1904 -1905) 1905 -1907. 17. (1905): () : , , , - ( ) . (1906 - 1911)

, 1917. () / 1917. (1918 -1921)

- (1922) (1918 - 1956) .. (1939)

(1941.-1945.) ( 1941) 1944. ( 1945) 27

(1945.-1989.) , ( 1949) ()

( 1953) . , (1956) (1962)

(1964) (1979 -1989)

(1982) . (1985) ( 1989) 1991. -