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istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis

istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

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Page 1: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis

Page 2: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

9istoria

nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

saqarTvelos

moswavlis wigni

grifi mieniWa s.s.i.p ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier

(brZaneba N 375, 18.05.2012)

Page 3: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

sarCevi

qarTveli xalxis warmomavloba

I

II

1.

8

2.

13

3. 19

4. 23

saqarTvelos bunebriv-geografiuli pirobebi da

istoriul-geografiuli daxasiaTeba

pirvelyofili adamiani saqarTveloSi. qvis xana.

eneoliTi

Sua da gvian brinjaos xana saqarTveloSi

qarTveli xalxis warmomavlobis sakiTxi

5. 28

6. 31

7. 34

8.

37

9. 40

10. 45

11. 51

12.

56

13. 60

14.

65

15.

69

16.

74

17. 78

18. 84

19. 89

20.

93

21. 97

22.

102

23. 105

daiaeni – diaoxi

kolxa (kolxeTi) miTsa da sinamdvileSi

kimerielebisa da skviTebis Semosevebi

egrisis (kolxeTis) samefo

Zv. w. VI-I saukuneebSi

farnavaz mefe da misi epoqa

saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobebi antikur xanaSi

antikuri saqarTvelos religia da kultura

feodaluri urTierTobis Casaxva da gavrceleba

saqarTveloSi

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba

qarTveli xalxis brZola dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg

IV s-is bolos da V s-is pirvel naxevarSi

vaxtang gorgaslis gamefeba da moRvaweobis

pirveli periodi

qarTlis brZola iranis batonobis winaaRmdeg

vaxtang gorgaslis meTaurobiT

saqarTvelo VI saukuneSi

iranelTa gandevna qarTlidan

saqarTvelo VII s-is pirvel naxevarSi

arabebis pirveli gamoCena qarTlSi, `dacvis

sigeli~. arabebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelo arabTa batonobis xanaSi

saqarTvelos ganTavisufleba arabTa

batonobisagan

axali feodaluri samefo-samTavroebis

warmoqmna saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelo ZvelaRmosavlur da antikur xanaSi

saqarTvelo adrefeodalur xanasa da ganviTarebuli feodalizmis dasawyisSi (IV-XI ss)

III

13

19

31

33

60

67

69

78

87

Page 4: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

saqarTvelos `oqros xana~

24. 110

25.

115

26.

118

27. 123

28. 136

29.

141

30. 146

saqarTvelos gaerTianebis wina periodi

qarTuli qveynebis erT saxelmwifod

gaerTianebis istoriuli pirobebi da

Taviseburebani

bagrat III – erTiani Suasaukunovani saqarTvelos

pirveli mefe

qarTuli kultura IV-X saukuneebSi

giorgi I. bagrat IV

saqarTvelo-selCukebis urTierToba XI

saukuneSi

ganviTarebuli feodalizmis xanis kultura

III

IV 31. 153

32.

157

33. 161

34.

165

35.

169

36. 173

37. 177

38. 181

39.

185

40.

191

41.

193

daviT IV-is gamefeba

daviT aRmaSeneblis RonisZiebebi

amierkavkasiidan TurqTa gasadevnad

didgoris brZola da misi Sedegebi

saqarTvelo _ kavkasiis gamaerTianebeli

saxelmwifo

saqarTvelo daviT aRmaSeneblis memkvidreebis

dros

Tamaris gamefeba da saSinao politikuri krizisi

saqarTvelos sagareo politika XII-XIII ss. mijnaze

saqarTvelo _ wina aziis uZlieresi saxelmwifo

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTareba XII s. da

XIII saukunis dasawyisSi

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo wyobileba XIII saukunis

dasawyisSi

qarTuli kultura XII saukunesa da XIII s.

dasawyisSi

42.

198

43. 204

44.

212

45. 218

laSa-giorgis mefoba da jalal ad-dinis

Semosevebi. monRolTa batonobis damyareba

brZola monRolTa batonobis winaaRmdeg

giorgi brwyinvale da saqarTvelos erTianobis

aRdgena

qveynis daSla samefo-samTavroebad

qarTuli saxelmwifos degradacia da daSla

V

88

120

134

153

161

171

182

200

207

Page 5: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

61.

306

62.

310

63. 315

64.

318

ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyroba da misi

Sedegebi

ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis

politikuri Sedegebi

1832 wlis SeTqmuleba

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv-ekonomikuri

mdgomareoba XIX s.-is 30-50-ian wlebSi

saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi

VIII

46.

226

47.

233

48. 237

49. 244

50.

249

51. 252

52. 256

53.

262

54. 268

55. 272

56.

277

57. 281

58.

287

59. 292

60. 299

qarTveli xalxis brZola ucxoel dampyrobTa

winaaRmdeg XV saukunis bolos da XVI saukunis

pirvel naxevarSi

saqarTvelo XVI saukunis meore naxevarsa da XVII

saukunis dasawyisSi

brZola yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg

muslimi mefeebis mmarTveloba qarTl-kaxeTSi

saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri

ganviTareba XVI-XVII saukuneebSi

qarTuli kultura

vaxtang VI. qarTli XVIII saukunis I meoTxedSi

samarTali da etiketi Sua saukuneebis

saqarTveloSi

Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is erToblivi mefoba

qarTl-kaxeTi XVIII saukunis 50-ian wlebSi

qarTl-kaxeTis erT samefod gaerTianeba.

urTierToba ruseTTan

solomon I

saqarTvelo ruseT-TurqeTis omis Semdeg.

georgievskis traqtatis momzadeba

georgievskis traqtati

qarTuli kultura XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi

saqarTvelo XVI-XVII ss.-Si. brZola yizilbaSebisa da osmalebis winaaRmdeg

saqarTvelo XVIII saukuneSi

VI

VII

233

237

242

257

268

281

287

306

315

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65. 320

66. 324

67.

328

68.

336

69. 340

70. 345

71.

351

72.

356

75.

375

76. 380

77.

386

78. 390

79. 396

80. 403

81.

412

73. 362

74.

368

saqarTvelo XIX saukunis Sua xanebSi

qarTuli kultura XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi

feodaluri wyobilebis krizisi ruseTsa da

saqarTveloSi

aWaris SemoerTeba da erovnuli moZraobis

xasiaTi XIX s-is II naxevarSi

glexTa moZraoba da xalxosnebi

qarTuli kultura XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi

saqarTvelo ruseTis pirveli (1905-1907)

revoluciis periodSi

saqarTvelo ruseTis pirvel da meore

revoluciebs Soris

sabWoTa ruseTis mier demokratiuli

saqarTvelos dapyroba

sabWoTa reJimis damyareba

qarTveli xalxis brZola sabWoTa ruseTis

winaaRmdeg 1921-30 wlebSi

saqarTvelo da meore msoflio omi

saqarTvelo ssrk-Si meore msoflio omis Semdeg

qarTuli kultura sabWoTa periodSi

saqarTvelo gardaqmnis (`perestroikis~)

periodSi

saqarTvelo oqtombris gadatrialebis dros

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis

Camoyalibeba

saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika

VIII

X

IX

damoukidebeli saqarTvelo

XI 82.

417

83.

422

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadeba da

saomari konfliqtebi

saqarTvelo damoukideblobis periodSi.

`vardebis~ revolucia. integracia

evrostruqturebSi

324

328

345

356

368

390

396

413

420

Page 7: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

8

Tavi pir

vel

i

winareistoriuli xana

rogorc yvela xalxis, ise qarTveli xa-lxis ganviTarebaze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdenda is bunebriv-geografiuli garemo, romelSic mas saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi uxdeboda cxovreba. saqarTvelo ori didi kontinentis – evropisa da aziis Sesayarze mdebareobs. misi miwa atarebs im didi cvli-lebebis kvals, rasac Cveni planeta milio-nobiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi ganicdida.

erT dros kavkasiis mTeli teritoria zRviT iyo dafaruli. sxvadasxva geolo-giuri movlenis Sedegad xmeleTi ramden-jerme amoizida, iyo mZlavri vulkanuri amofrqvevebi. Semdeg miwis zedapiri kvlav qveviT iwevda da teritoriis did nawils isev zRva iWerda. daaxloebiT 25 milioni wlis win mTaTa warmomqmnelma Zalebma kvlav amoswia xmeleTi, ris Sedegadac warmoiqmna kavkasiis qedis mTaTa sistema, xolo 10-15 milioni wlis win Camoyalibda aWara-TrialeTisa da sxva qedebis sistema, romlebic dRes qmnian samxreT saqarTvelos mTianeTs. aRniS-nuli geologiuri movlenebis Sedegad kaspiis zRva mowyda Sav zRvas da maT Soris kavkasiis yeli gaCnda. am droidan iwyeba saqarTvelos teritoriis Tana-medrove reliefis Camoyalibeba. daaxloebiT 1 milioni wlis win saqarTvelos bunebrivma pirobebma TiTqmis iseTi saxe miiRo, rogoric amJamad aris. adre hava SedarebiT ufro Tbili iyo, magram drodadro adgili hqonda gamyinva-rebas, romlis drosac maRalmTiani adgilebidan dablobisaken moemarTeboda myinvarTa uzarmazari masebi, rasac mohyveboda acieba da bunebrivi pirobebis Secvla. CvenSi gamyinvareba oTxjer ganmeorda. sabolood, ramdenime aTasi wlis win Camoyalibda saqarTvelos is bunebriv-geografiuli garemo, romel-Sic amJamad uxdeba adamians cxovreba.

saqarTvelos teritoriis bunebriv-geografiuli daxasiaTeba

CrdiloeTis mxridan saqarTvelos maRalmwvervalebiani da mudmivi myinva-rebiT dafaruli kavkasionis qedi esazRvreba, samxreTiT ki vrcladaa gaSlili mcire kavkasionis mTaTa sistema, anu saqarTvelos samxreTi mTianeTi. TviTon kavkasionidan samxreTisaken ramdenime SedarebiT mcire simaRlis qedi eSveba, romelTagan lixis, anu suramis qedi saqarTvelos or nawilad – dasavleT da aRmosavleT nawilebad hyofs. am mTebis maRlobebze SesaniSnavi sazafxulo saZovrebia, ufro qvemoT mTis kalTebi xSiri tyiTaa dafaruli. mTagoriani ad-gilebi TandaTan zegnebsa da dablobebSi gadadis. CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis

1. saqarTvelos bunebriv-geografiuli

pirobebi da istoriul-geografiuli

daxasiaTeba

I saqarTvelo da qarTveli xalxis

warmomavloba

guria

Page 8: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

9

saqar

Tvel

o d

a qar

Tvel

i xal

xis war

mo

mavl

oba

mTaTa masivebs Soris moqceulia saqarTvelos bari. dasavleTiT kolxeTis bari samkuTxedis for-mi saa, romlis fuZe Savi zRviske-naa miqceuli. misi yvelaze da bali adgili – kolxeTis dablobi Zve-lad gauvali WaobiT iyo dafaru-li. kolxeTis dablobi mTebis mi-marTulebiT TandaTan maRldeba da zeganSi gadadis. es adgilebi gansakuTrebiT xelsayreli iyo dasasaxleblad da meurneobis warmoebisaTvis.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos bari Sedgeba ramdenime nawilisagan: Sida qarTlis, qvemo qarTlisa da kaxeTis bari. aqac es dablobi adgilebi zegne-bsa da maRlobebSi gadadis. hava dasavleT saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT mSralia, amitom soflis meurneobisaTvis xelovnur morwyvas aq didi mniSvneloba aqvs.

saqarTvelos hava, iseve, rogorc misi reliefi, didi mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba. maRalmTian adgilebSi hava mkacria, dablobSi ki igi TandaTan rbildeba. zegnebsa da dablobebSi ZiriTadad zomieri hava batonobs, Tumca adgil-adgil aqac didad gansxvavebuli klimaturi raionebia. magaliTad, SavizRvispireTSi hava nestiani da subtropikulia, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barSi zogan rbili da zomierad mSralia, samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi ki uda-bnos cxeli sunTqvac aRwevs.

saqarTveloSi mravladaa didi da mcire mdinareebi. isini saTaves iReben rogorc kavkasionis mTavar qedze da mis ganStoebebze, ise samxreT mTianeTSi. mdinareebi aTeulobiT xevebs qmnian da Semdeg erTvian ufro did mdinareebs – mtkvars, rions, Woroxs, alazans da sxv., an uSualod zRvas uerTdebian. es didi mdinareebi (mtkvari, rioni) Zvel droSi sanaosnodac iyo gamoyenebuli.

saqarTvelo mdidaria sasargeblo wiaRiseuliT: madneuliT, saTbobiT, saSeni masaliT. madneulidan aRsaniSnavia spilenZisa da rkinis sabadoebi, romlebsac didi mniSvneloba hqondaT aq metalurgiis adreve warmoqmnisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.

saqarTvelos istoriis Seswavlisas Cven SevxvdebiT istoriul-geografiul saxelwodebebs, romlebsac saqarTvelos esa Tu is kuTxe an mxare atarebda garkveul periodSi. istoriuli movlenebis swori da TvalnaTeli warmodgeni-saTvis unda vicodeT am mxareebis (anu qarTuli `qveynebis~) adgilmdebareoba da istoriuli sazRvrebi. drodadro maTi saxelwodebebi icvleboda, sazR-vrebi ufro vrceli xdeboda, farTovdeboda, zogjer ki piriqiT, mcirdeboda – `qveyana~ ufro patara kuTxeebad iyofoda.

saqarTvelos centraluri mxarea qarTli. misi saxelwodebidan momdinare-obs `qarTveli~ da `saqarTvelo~. qarTli Sedgeba calkeuli nawilebisagan: Sida, qvemo da zemo qarTlisagan. Sida qarTls dasavleTiT lixis qedi esazR-vreboda, CrdiloeTiT kavkasionis mTavari qedi, aRmosavleTiT – md. aragvi,

svaneTi

Page 9: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

10

Tavi pir

vel

i

samxreTiT – TrialeTis qedi. qvemo qarTli ki TrialeTis qedis samxreTiT mdebareobda da mdinareebis – algeTisa da xramis xeobebs moicavda. igi da-savleTiT javaxeTis, xolo samxreTiT bambaki-erevnis qediT iyo SemosazRvru-li. zemo qarTli anu mesxeTi, aerTianebda md. mtkvris Semogarens, mdinaris saTavidan taSiskaramde da Woroxis auzs – saTavidan aWariswylis xeobamde.

qarTls aRmosavleTiT kaxeT-hereTi esazRvreboda. adre kaxeTi md. ivrisa da alaznis zemo wels moicavda, hereTi ki – am mdinareebis Sua da qvemo wels. XV saukunidan es ori qveyana erTianad kaxeTad iwodeba.

dasavleT saqarTvelo uZveles xanaSi egrisad moixseneba. XI-XIII saukuneebSi saqarTvelos am mxares imereTi daerqva. TandaTanobiT imereTi dasavleT sa-qarTvelos erT nawils ewoda, romelic lixis qedsa da md. cxeniswyals, raWis qedsa da mesxeTis qeds Soris iyo moqceuli. cxeniswylis dasavleTiT anakofia-mde odiSi anu samegrelo mdebareobda. nikofsiis (dRevandeli axali aTonis) Crdilo-dasavleTi ki afxazeTs ekava. XVIII s. dasawyisSi afxazeTis samTavros samxreT-aRmosavleTis sazRvarma md. enguramde gadmoiwia.

mdinare rionis samxreTiT, mesxeTis qedsa da Sav zRvas Soris, guria mdeba-reobda. ukidures samxreT-dasavleTiT ki aWara da lazeTi, anu WaneTi mdeba-reobda.

dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi svaneTs, leCxumsa da raWas ekava (raWa-leCxums Zvelad Takvers eZaxdnen). saqarTvelos sazRvari kavkasionis qedis iqiTac gadadioda, sadac mdebareobda xevi, dvaleTi, TuSeTi, nawilobriv xev-sureTi, piraqeT – mTiuleTi, fSavi da xevsureTis didi nawili. fSav-xevsureTi adre fxovis saxeliT iyo cnobili.

quTaisi

zugdidi

axalqalaqi

TbilisiTelavi

soxumi

axalcixe

kaxi

foTi

baTumi

gori

saqarTvelos

istoriul-geografiuli mxareebi

p i r o b i T i a R n iSv n e b i

dedaqalaqi

dasaxlebuli punqti

saqarTvelos Tanamedrove

sazRvari

© M.Shekiladze, 2012

Page 10: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

11

saqar

Tvel

o d

a qar

Tvel

i xal

xis war

mo

mavl

oba

wya ro 1

vaxuSti bagrationi, XVIII saukunis didi qarTveli mecnieri

– istorikosi da geografi:

`matiane ganarCevs keTilsa da borotsa, matiane aRamaRlebs

keTilis qmnulebasa da hgmobs ukeTurT qmnulebasa, matiane

metyvelebs WeSmaritsa da ara scbis da mowmobs sxvaTa da

sxvaTa, matiane ganamxnobs kacsa da erTgul hyofs qveynisad,

matiane acnobebs naTesavT Camomavlobasa da dasdebs Tavsa

sarwmunoebisaTvis da moyvarul hyofs moyvassa moyvasisa

mimarT~.

ilia WavWavaZe:

`daviwyeba istoriisa momaswavebelia eris suliT da xorciT

moSlisa, darRvevisa da warwymedisac. warsuli mkvidri

safuZvelia awmyosi, rogorc awmyo – momavlisa. romelia

simagre Cveni cxovrebisa da romeli sifuye da sisuste,

amas axsnis xolme marto istoria. da Tu igi daviviwyeT,

maSin dagviviwynia Cveni cxovrebis saTave, Cveni cxovrebis

saZirkveli da Tu es asea, raRazed unda davamyaroT Cveni awmyo,

Cveni mermisi?~

ivane javaxiSvili:

`saWiroa xalxma icodes Tavisi warsuli sazogadoebrivi

cxovrebis istoria... unda icodes, rasakvirvelia, utyuari,

WeSmariti istoria da ara gazviadebuli, yalbi~.

gamoCenili qarTveli moRvaweni `saqarTvelos istoriis~ mniSvnelobis

Sesaxeb:

wya ro 2

wya ro 3

r matiane – vaxuSti

bagrationi aq `matianes~

istoriis mniSvnelobiT

xmarobs.

r ara scbis – ar ayalbebs.

leqsikoni

Page 11: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

1. romeli qedi yofs saqarTvelos or nawilad – dasavleT da aRmosavleT

saqarTvelod?

2. saqarTvelos romeli didi mdinareebi ekuTvnis Savi zRvis auzs?

3. sad iRebs saTaves da romel zRvas uerTdeba md. mtkvari?

4. wyaroebSi motanili mosazrebebis daxmarebiT gadmoeciT, ra mniSvneloba

aqvs saqarTvelos istoriis Sewavlas.

klasSi samuSao

1. saqarTvelos fizikur rukaze moxazeT istoriuli qveynebisa da

kuTxeebis sazRvrebi: qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis, odiSis (samegrelos),

guriis, aWaris, afxazeTis, svaneTis, raWa-leCxumis, fSav-xevsureTis)

sazRvrebi.

2. daxazeT saqarTvelos sqematuri istoriuli ruka aRniSnuli mxareebis

saxelebiT. Semdeg gakveTilebze gamoiyeneT Tqven mier daxatuli ruka.

saSinao davaleba

kavkasionis erT-erTi ulamazesi mwvervali – uSba

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Page 12: istoria 9 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis · 2019-11-12 · 9 istoria nodar asaTiani, mariam lorTqifaniZe, farnaoz lomaSvili, roin metreveli, giorgi sanikiZe, giorgi oTxmezuri

paleoliTi, neoliTi, eneoliTi

ukanaskneli xanis gamokvlevebiT dad-genilia, rom adamiani warmoiSva 2 milion-ze meti xnis win afrikis kontinentze. adamians danarCeni cocxali arsebebidan ganasxvavebda mTavari – iaraRis damza-debis unari. am uZvelesi adamianis mier masalad ZiriTadad qva iyo gamoyenebuli. qvis iaraRis gaumjobeseba da pirvelyo-fili adamiani fizikurad Tav dapirvelad Zalian nela viTardeboda. mecnierebi am xanas paleoliTs uwodeben.

uZvelesi adamianis universalur iaraRs Tavdapirvelad uxeSad damuSavebuli qvis xelnajaxi warmoadgenda. TandaTan, xangr-Zlivi gamocdilebis Sedegad igi am iara-Rebs aumjobesebda, ufro mravalferovans xdida maT. qvis xelnajaxTan erTad igi ukve amzadebda qvis danebs, safxekebs, wveta-nebs. qvis iaraRebis ganviTareba TviT ada-mianebsac cvlida, uviTarebda azrovnebas. garegnuladac sul ufro uaxlovdeboda Tanamedrove adamians.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze bevrga-naa aRmoCenili pirvelyofili adamianis cxovrebis nakvalevi. ukanasknel xans na-qalaqar dmanisis teritoriaze aRmoCnda uZvelesi adamianis winapris (`hominidis~) sadgomi, sadac misi Zvlovani naSTebi (Ta-vis qala, qveda yba kbilebiT da sxv.) da qvis primitiuli iaraRebi iyo napovni.

dmaniseli `adamiani~ saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze daaxl. 1,8-1,7 mln wlis winaT unda gamoCeniliyo da rogorc Cans, Semdeg igi samxreT kavkasidan gansaxlda evropisa da aziis kontinentebze.

kacobriobis istoriis gariJraJze, rodesac Sromis iaraRebi jer kidev me-tad primitiuli iyo da sakvebis mopove-ba – sakmaod rTuli, uZvelesi adamiane-bi upiratesad calkeul jgufebad cxo-

2. pirvelyofili adamiani saqarTveloSi

dmanisSi aRmoCenili hominidis Tavis

qala. Zv.w. 1.75 mln w.

dmanisis arqeologiuri gaTxrebi

frangi mecnieri, elizabet dene aRadgens

dmaniseli adamianis saxes

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