11
http://rmc.upm .• du.my/synthesls' was higher compared to other insecticides tested. Cypermethrin stlowed synergistic values of l3-fold followed by "f"HD-l and chlorpyrifos with lJam<Igc"mptom OIl COCOCI synergistic values of poth 7 and 6-foId, respectiYely for Sungai Tekam population. The DEF gave a synergistic value of 4-fold against all populations tested while MADE a synergistic value of 6-fold against Sungai Tekam population. Tnese results snowed monooxygenases were very active in the Sungai Tekam population. The increased in synergism of DEF indic&ed there were increase in enzyme activities of esterases. ISSN. 0127 - 9394 The Role of Metabolic Enzymes in the Development of Resistance in Cocoa Mirid, Helopeltis 'Iheivora Waterhouse Rita Muhamad Awans. Dzolkhtfll Omar and Tan Soon Guan • TtInI to ,... NIu ., ....... 1., UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st QuaItef (Mar.200S) T opical bioas5ay5 were conducted to the toxicity of dettamethrin, cypermethrin, "tHCH and chlopyrifos against 3 populirtions of H IheNoro namely the cocoa populations (Serdang. Selangor) and Su'" Tekam, Pahang) and tea population (Banting. Selangor). The synergistic effects of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), maleic acid diethyl ether (MADE) and s.s.s-tributyl phosphorotrittlioate (DEF) were also tested using similar technique. Based on the LDso values, the toxicity of the insecticide tested for the Serdang and Sungai Tekam populations were chlopyrifos > "f"HQ-l > cypermethrin > delWnethrin; forthe Banting population was T-HCH > cypermethrin > chlorpyrifos > deltamethrin. The most toxic insecticide was chlopyrifos with LDso value of 3.028 x 10- 2 rngIL for the Sungai Tekam population. The synergism of PBO on cypermethrin A Glance at Research Inventions & Innovations at UPM I Ergonomic Design of Vehicles Using Natural Gas Putra Blok-lnterlocking Load-bearing Hollow Block 2- Spot/iJht The Role of Metabolic Enzymes in the Development of Resistlnce in Cocoa Mirid, Helopeltis Theivoro Wat£!mouse Cost-efficient Production of the Shitake Mushroom on Sii'Ndust Waste 5 Development of Ultrasonic and Microwave Techniques for Detection of Decay in Wooden Cross-Arms Rght against Cancer Cure - Tapioca! 9 Microbial Bioconversion of Domestic Wm-ater Treatment Plant (DWTP) Sludge by LSB and SSB into ErMronmental Friendly Nutrients for Ultimate Disposal Replicnion of New Castle Disease Virus in Breast Cancer Cell Unes ] Seman,: Memories ofthe First Malaysian Veterinary School 4 Natural Spray Dried Pandan (pandanus omary/lifo/ius) Powder: Production and Product Development 10 II 12 c 6&7 B Issue 8• I st Quarter' Mar. 2005

Issue8 •psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/321/1/synthesis_8.pdf · 2014-11-19 · REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE Natural Spray Dried Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Powder: Productionand ~

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Page 1: Issue8 •psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/321/1/synthesis_8.pdf · 2014-11-19 · REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE Natural Spray Dried Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Powder: Productionand ~

http://rmc.upm.•du.my/synthesls'

was higher compared

to other insecticides

tested. Cypermethrin

stlowed synergistic

values of l3-fold

followed by "f"HD-l

and chlorpyrifos withlJam<Igc"mptom OIl COCOCI

synergistic values of poth

7 and 6-foId, respectiYely for Sungai Tekam

population. The DEF gave a synergistic value of

4-fold against all populations tested while MADE

ga~ a synergistic value of 6-fold against Sungai

Tekam population. Tnese results snowedt~

monooxygenases were very active in the Sungai

Tekam population. The increased in synergism of

DEF indic&ed there were increase in enzyme

activities of esterases.

ISSN. 0127 - 9394

The Role of Metabolic Enzymes in theDevelopment of Resistance in Cocoa Mirid,

Helopeltis 'Iheivora WaterhouseRita Muhamad Awans. Dzolkhtfll Omar and Tan Soon Guan

• TtInI to ,...NIu

.,.......1., UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1stQuaItef (Mar.200S)~

Topical bioas5ay5 were conducted to ewl~ the

toxicity of dettamethrin, cypermethrin, "tHCH and

chlopyrifos against 3 populirtions of H IheNoro

namely the cocoa populations (Serdang. Selangor)

and Su'" Tekam, Pahang) and tea population

(Banting. Selangor). The synergistic effects of

piperonyl butoxide (PBO), maleic acid diethyl ether

(MADE) and s.s.s-tributyl phosphorotrittlioate (DEF)

were also tested using similar technique. Based on

the LDso values, the toxicity of the insecticide tested

for the Serdang and Sungai Tekam populations were

chlopyrifos > "f"HQ-l > cypermethrin >

delWnethrin; forthe Banting population was T-HCH

> cypermethrin > chlorpyrifos > deltamethrin. The

most toxic insecticide was chlopyrifos with LDso

value of 3.028 x 10-2 rngIL for the Sungai Tekam

population. The synergism of PBO on cypermethrin

A Glance at Research Inventions &Innovations at UPM I

Ergonomic Design of Vehicles UsingNatural Gas

Putra Blok-lnterlocking Load-bearingHollow Block

2­Spot/iJht

The Role of Metabolic Enzymes in theDevelopment of Resistlnce in CocoaMirid, Helopeltis Theivoro Wat£!mouse

Cost-efficient Production oftheShitake Mushroom on Sii'Ndust Waste

5 Development of Ultrasonic andMicrowave Techniques for Detectionof Decay in Wooden Cross-Arms

Rght against Cancer Cure - Tapioca!

9 Microbial Bioconversion of DomesticWm-ater Treatment Plant(DWTP) Sludge by LSB and SSB intoErMronmental Friendly So~ Nutrientsfor Ultimate Disposal

Replicnion of New Castle DiseaseVirus in Breast Cancer Cell Unes

] Seman,: Memories ofthe FirstMalaysian Veterinary School

4 Natural Spray Dried Pandan (pandanusomary/lifo/ius) Powder: Production andProduct Development

10

II

12

c

6&7

B

• Issue 8 • Ist Quarter' Mar. 2005

Page 2: Issue8 •psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/321/1/synthesis_8.pdf · 2014-11-19 · REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE Natural Spray Dried Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Powder: Productionand ~

_ ••-"'_.' : E2 r

.... 7 1171.....

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.cmllIUlI, 1hIl cb,1Jmr mil al., hqel

A1l:cIdy. Malaytian raccebcn are~ lit buildiD&: m.c:J1i&ed IlBHllbcU tlIIlc.be injeetcdilltotlle~ tofiJbtdi_. ADother1:ret)t act beiDa:upklftId is the aelItioa at c.moa IWllItl:IbeI to rqrIace Iilli:aa far a.-!':IIt, power­d!icinIt ctmpUB: cbipI. c.maJ.y, aIIIOIIIb~ ra..a Ktiritia-.IImba by lmivtnitiellDd rmMmh institulel ia Ma1aysia _:MiIZD.aIIClrO-IIcrtwnjcWSyaI1cmtMBMS);N_d f? t,N- loW_c.:c..;IS: : .. NaDotcdl; NaDc:mcdiciDo IIlIIIllcw:trcw+rs; IIlII N- • I

X 7 '=11.111_' 'i'!->_ lbepiadplBlol~= iM ..JIaMv. -a.Baai-ta&. 1bIl II-.t.t- .....C • -.I~tIIlIb. In l'icw m 1Ibjcd_dKl_

....wtdd:l1bD propcIIit:I: ollhe eIcrDc:lM ca.ap. BylXllllOllirlr'"...,.-......0.~ mapc:tic ar optical~ dtlleobjcct.,..eft hiM. will require~ to ndaIlJ nIilIIIIIt: ..... your aft baiMIS i&,

wIlD your COIIlJIdimn lie, wbIIIlkills ytml' W'ld:fcnD~ hi:Iw to tWa)'Olll"

~.aadbowtothiDk~ IIIbcm. 01: ',•• OOIIIIIdII..nn,tD bepd aI 'the.c;rtialbtriaI.~'wiI1.m III bCki thdz:~ fartrallIl'orlIliI~ laCIId1 !DaD •• dIl. .--.."-wbcRHa"CJClldwolou hIIllrelldy bceD lIIIIl&d: ......A... :I J-U~aad~tatils,~' J 1.-.lIIdII1a,~

lafcrmatD.~, defeace. Mlawd.. mel.~ n.1Ill:. 7 •• dtbia~ IB in the fKt !batPftIdac* CIID be!*- -1IIIIm&. 10 tm- •clIk:ica, -.1 milIimlI of timca~ II[ bc:acI". III aII:Ia:I dac QUI be~in dilyllDd c-. be dlIIl:ibWcd.ill. boua. ProdDccI CIll. _ be Pzo.DillII,pDd.

'J'hrou&II. wcd:ill.N.xcc'" co'ou' ....- e- two dceadct 110, it....p-=e ia die 1IIid-llim:tiel wbm~ • \ 7 kame ...ai1able. Nowtrclwiqrs bl.l'e beea~ tIrouab wtDcb _ em reduce the djJlll'lMjm (dille

object). obtlIn.1bB ~ri' • aad mpIoil bm.

.............: :._6 -.....E~E_.."1171' t :IIII"! .,.~ .......... III: , 5"

7 ......

"£.-

Page 3: Issue8 •psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/321/1/synthesis_8.pdf · 2014-11-19 · REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE Natural Spray Dried Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Powder: Productionand ~

FEATURE

Serdang:Memories ofthe First Malaysian Veterinary School!

Syed Jaialudln'l Drive for AcademicExcellence

WindlofChangeAs UPM continues its forward journey towards

corpoi'Emion, sever.aI changes~ oa:urring I:t the

In._Io"",......_M__jII/II__

~"..".,""'~.,.v.-..ya-.l~

lIIoInnId I'IICN AWQOIL ,.,. ....... ......-.r.,....,...... ............

R...-ozwrx:-l-l...1'GpooIaOiolo e.-cilNr~fella-JJil'II> 11''''''''''''''''_ rmIIouriI1/1f I'IJlMstl, 11'''''''''''' lIIt-"'wiIIlhr1jWor~ lib__ boproll8l1l1f01riN1riDoL BuI4a I>'JSIin;f_".._/ivonod; '- ri -~-f<w

low.tlIId<..-iAl~l£.. mJliA .........tIt-atk~ ..../oIm.IM_-.lV.~_IIISriLabr: .. 1M 1llM'"

Vet School: Brldpl the GapWrthin a span of3 dec:ades, UPM's Vet Sc:hool has

produced DVM graduates for nltlion building,

produced a school of academic scholars whose

excellence has a:ttracted the lrttention ofneighbouring countries for postgraduate studies,

helped to unify two rival Yel:erinary associations into

a single Veterinary Assoc:ia:tion of Mala~ia (YAM),and upper most the ISO recognition. These

achieYefT1ents promise a brighter future ferthe

Serdang Veterinary xr.ool. 0

JloI/J.R-..~~II'IlIl.IIBYSoIll1956tr-1M

U1IiIIumy<l{CqIoft. lh __--*".~Fo4lI>rlPZ~';'I!16Of<w~_IIIC-U~

llIIIIi>I,. UM.tlIId~IIMS tlIId1'llD'" t1IrH JO<W.

university level. In 1999 the staff ofthe animal

science department were moved to the Agriculture

Farulty but the courses taught in the DVM

cuniculum remain unaffected This change alsostref1gthened the teaching in the University

Veterinary Hospital and other professional services.

lIIlfm,'-""__Q/.W__ ~SdIoDI<I{

Jlo8kiM, Ihrn>II ... /I FtmJFt1flIOtIolIon HIlJor~~

"""""'" l'- rqnudJfdiN-"<l{1U _lhjaiAMUPJI,;,1974a_AI"",*", PmJ'uIor,V~0h0It>Il S1lIilI«IIlId1Hallrw

....H.."'IM~"'V.-,ClbIktJlSlutlSu/t1r1l1mDlr15_ .. -'-"..........,hU-""'* ...W/fIIk>_....~III UPM. H.~0J0~<I-"'J<I tnRt4U, lVF,~""""""""""".",.".H.1WJIpIIbIb1ood_1j()_

1IIIWoh1lodwW2J~ ..~_l>«M>tIIl4l'1-1--ill_~"""".-"",*jiNlioIpJI'I1>/lI/WIIo~JI4l1oJpj<i/<rtlQb-...:JeiIU_<I{

""""""'"~-FAO,I.tEt. ACWltlll4smA. 77111f .....R...-o_~"""~.....-.. ...~ZioIIIa&Mw,LoloJII,~ 1JwlW, '1JJooilaiNI, 1Jwlooraig """ l'-1'IIilippiIra.

ISO 9001The year 2000 _ the Vet School reaching a

milestone - ISO 900 I award - that no other vetsc::hool in the world has accomplished. At a special

ceremony I:tthe school auditorium, the PrimeMinister of Malaysia Dr. Mah;dhir Molwnad

presented the certificate to the Dean ofthe School

Professor Sheikh Omar.

R...-o__~ l'- ISM;" 1119I. H. mintllUl'nJf-<I{1uIllIIIIJ.ltq/'rldrtd1tM III die..,. <Ie iIo1_tIftn-r J7_ ....IIIIiI'ImIIJ 1«:#lror<f1lllWoh 21 __ ......qIIIlQ/. UPM. lh J1ra

"""""-t ... QjforhU"",,-/If UBC, UPJI•

lh'----.,doT/IIII~""bII1ItsIf<l{dw~V.......,.~,.,..__tn-Jl.w.,r;a. Sril.-bl,

1JwlW,~DII.M~2"iIIIIJrIIbIN,U""_~

On sua:eeding Omar as

Dean of the Faculty in1978, Syed believed thl:t

the academic staff ought

to ext:eI in research and

despatched most of theacademic staff fer their

PhDs. Currently over-40of the 50 awlemk: sWf in

the Vet SdlOOI naveobtained their PhD

PoltJ:raduate Tralnl...Academic staff returning with their PhD degrees

wen! qualified to aa:ept pos1lJ"aduate students for

M5, MVM and PhD degrees rom Mala~ia, Middle

East oountries (lroq,/ran. Sudan. Ethiopia) Indonesia,Thailand, Myanmar and Olin.. ay Ncr.oember 2004,

the school has produced 65 PhD graduates while 39nave yet to complete.

The DVM curriculumThe 5-year DVM curriculum was "tailored to I'T'leeI:

the needs o( the government Yel:erinary service,

enablingYel:erinarians to approach liYestock:

problems in an irrt:egrlrted manner. An Animal

Industry project in the final semester ofthe course

made students to submit a 'minI" thesis. The S-year

DVM oourse started witt1 a blrtc:h of 10, the

enrolment aven1lJI!id 30 but in the late 1980's, it rosesharply to 75 and has remained constant thereafter.At the end of 2004, overall populltlion ofstudems in

the DVM prowamme was 360.

PnJjuIor Dr. Sy«1JalabIddbI Sy«1 SalIm

(1978-1983)~es from UPM, UK (l.ondoo, Cambridge, ~ocing,BristD( Glasgow; Dublin,~ Edinburgh). USA

(ComeIi. CaJifOrniaJ AusIr.iIia (Melbourne, Mutdoch,

QJeensJancV Canada (GueIf*i) and japan (K)oto).

Infrutructu...At outset the faculty was homeless. Subsequently,

the university approved RM I0 million for the Farulty

complex of two buildings. In 1975, the Animal

Science oc;c;upied the first building while the

Pathology and Clinial Studies shared oII1er fill:ilities.

Unfortunately Dr. Whitlic:k. the Canadian surgeon.

had no space but to convert a female toilet to a fully

air<anditioned sUJiery to perform some of the best

orthopedic surgeries on dogs and c:ats. Finally in early

1978, the Clinical and the Pathology Deparbnents

and the Dean's Office moved to the second building

ready to herald the gradum:ion of the first bm:h of

DVM graduates.

71wn.trlolllll tIS m. FGCIdty ofVIteI'iIwyMrdidtre a1IdA>timW Sckltce _ m JIP U __ oftM thru pu-ur~·afUPMiAl971

First Malaysian Veterinary SchoolOctober 4, 1971, witnessed tne birlt1 ofthe

Malaysian Veterinary School. The two DepartmentsofAnimal Science. Univenity of Malaya's (KualaLumpur) ..,d the College ofAgriaJlture (Serdv.g),

were combined to form one of the three foundidionfatuities in a new univel"5ity ill: Serding - UPM.

And fort.hl~ next. 25 years, Professor Om..Abdul

RahITWl (1971-1978) and his successors, Professor

Syed JalaJudin, (1978-1983), Pn::rfes50r Abdul Lnf

Ibrahim (1983-1993), Pn::rfes50r Tengku Azmi (1993­

1997) and I'n::rfessor Sheikh OITlill" Abdul Rahman

(1997-2001), have led the Vet School to produce

847 DVM graduates by the el'ld of 2004 and

excelled in veterinary education and research,

acknowledged worldwide.

For most of the Twentieth Century, Malaysians

were trained either in Pakistan and India or inAustralia, Canada and UK The former, named

Indo-Pakgradues, could be emplo)'ed in the

government sector only as Assistant VeterinaryOfficers (AVOs) whereas the llitter. were appointedas Vetenn"ry Officers ryO) and enjoyed bettersalillies because of their eligibility for registmion with

the Royil College ofVe\:erinary Surgeon (RC\IS)

(UK) iI'1d~ the privilege ofusing the title MRCVS.

Omar'1 Dream for Revs RecopltionOmar embarked on a

¥ery ambitious mission

hoping to deovelop the

schoollrt UPM of

exceptional quality. His

main objective was to

combine batt1 veterinary

medicine and animalscience in a single

ProfuIl<H'Dr. OmarAbdKI curriculum to suit the,.".,..

(1971-197«) oountry's needs as wellsas enthusiastic to gilin RCVS recognition. He also

named it the Farulty ofVeterinary Medicine andAnimal Sciences so as to avoid moving Animal

Science component elsewhere.

.,......., UPM R&D Digest, /£sue 8, 1stQu.1rter(Mar.200S)

Page 4: Issue8 •psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/321/1/synthesis_8.pdf · 2014-11-19 · REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE Natural Spray Dried Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Powder: Productionand ~

REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE

Natural Spray Dried Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Powder:

Production and ~Product Development

Tan Chin Ping, S.K. Loh, Y.B. Che Man, A Osman and S.A.H. Nazimah

Drying is an ancient process used to preserve foods. It

is the most common food preservation process.

With literally hundreds of variants actually used in drying

of particulate solids, pastes, continuous sheets, slurries or

solutions, it provides the most diversity among food

engineering unit operations. The quality offood

powders is based on variety of properties depending on

the specific application. In general, the final moisture

content, the insolubility index, therheological properties

and the bulk density are of primary importance.

In recent years,

natural food

ingredients have

been recognized for

their health­

promoting qualities.

Therefore, much

interest has been

Image ofspray-dried pandan powder devoted to .scanned at xBOO prepanng flavonng

and coloring

compounds from natural sources by extraction,

purification and isolation. In Malaysia, many fruits, plants,

spices, and herbs contain natural flavoring and coloring

compounds. The leaves of pandan (Pandanusamaryllifolius) have a strong aroma and are widely used

in South East Asia as flavoring compound for various

food products, such as bakery, sweets and even home

cooking. The preparation of pandan extract for cooking

is troublesome and difficult, since it involves many steps

such as washing, trimming, blending and filtration. With

this reason, Malaysian tends to search for altemative way

to overcome this problem using artificial pandan flavor

and artificial green color from the market. These artificial

color and flavor are use because they are convenient to

use as compared to traditional way of preparing the

pandan extract. In recent years, natural food ingredients

have been recognized for their health-promoting

qualities.

A study on the production of spray-dried pandan

powder was conducted and optimized using response

surface (RSM). Optimization ofthe dehydration process

is performed to ensure rapid processing conditions

yielding an acceptable-quality product and a high­

throughput capacity. Optimum conditions of 170°C inlet

temperature and 6 rpm feed rate, with a constant outlet

temperature of 90°C, were established for producing

spray-dried pandan powder as an edible coloring and

flavoring powder. The study also evaluated the effect of

different types of carbohydrates, namely maltodextrin

and gum arabic, in the production of spray-dried pandan

powder. Product development of home made pandan

ice cream was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness

of spray-dried pandan powder as an ingredient in food.

A combination of maltodextrin and gum arabic gave

better results than using only maltodextrin or gum arabic

in the formulation of spray dried pandan powder in

terms of physicochemical properties and sensory scores.

In general, the optimum condition for the formulation of

pandan ice cream using spray dried encapsulated pandan

powder was established. The developed drying

techniques can be applied to produce encapsulated

flavor and color powder fro use in various food

products. 0

Spray Dried Pandan powder

GOLD - UPM Invention and Research Exhibition2002 (PRP 2002).

Faculty ofFood Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

Tel: +60389468418E-mail: [email protected]

Tel: +603 8946 7248E-mail: [email protected];

[email protected]

Two strains L 2161 and L2 were found to outperformthe rest and offers exciting possibilities forcommercialization with this new technology. 0

'MI\*We have formulated precise temperature-light-humidity-aeration regimes for 20 commercial strains wherebyspecial fruiting techniques and substrate supplementationare employed to maximize yield.In the selection for high biomass strains a modifiedchemical (chitin assay) technique is used that is superiorto one based on visual estimation.

Department ofPlant ProtectionFaculty ofAgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

GOLD - UPM Invention & Research Exhibition2002 (PRP2oo2).

We have perfected a new precision technology for acost-efficient, high-yield production ofthe shiitakemushroom:

2. Establish precise environmental and culturalconditions for each strain.

3. Select objectively high biomass strains.

Using morphogenetic markers in the form ofdevelopmental enzymes such as extracellular laccase andcarboxymethylcellulase, we have overcome the majorproblem of determining when the mushroom is 'ready'to be fruited. We have found that laccase for example,increases during mycelial growth, peaks when growth ismaximum, and decreases rapidly thereafter just prior tofruiting. A sudden drop in this enzyme's activitytherefore constitutes the signal to expose bags to initiatefruiting.

Tan Yee-How, Mohd Noor Abd Wahab and Ganisan Krishnen

Cost-efficient Production of theShitake Mushroom on Sawdust Waste

However this technology gave inconsistent yield andquality resulting from the failure to:

I. Pinpoint the exact time for opening the bags toinitiate fruiting.

This biotechnologyinvolved inoculatingmycelia (spawninto supplementedsawdust packed inplastic bags,creating syntheticlogs. After spawn­run, when thesubstrate appeared Shiitake mushrooms grown on naturalvisually to be fully wood logspermeated by mycelia with patches of brownpigmentation, the bag was exposed for fruiting withspecial techniques employed.

The shiitake (Lentinu/a edodes, commercially thepremier mushroom in the world has traditionally

been cultivated on hardwood logs. However due to adwindling supply, long gestation period (2-3 years) andlow yield (8-10%), this production method has becomeobsolete. A new technique with a six-fold increase inyield and 90% reduction in incubation time wasdeveloped by us (Tan & Chang, 1989).

Shiitake mushrooms cultivated on synthetic 'logs' ofsawdust

~ Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.2005)

Page 5: Issue8 •psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/321/1/synthesis_8.pdf · 2014-11-19 · REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE Natural Spray Dried Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Powder: Productionand ~

REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE

Development of Ultrasonic and Microwave Techniques for

Detection ofDecay in Wooden Cross-ArmsKaida Khalid, Mohd. Hamami Sahri, Sidek Abd. Aziz, Lai Sook Kean,Ng Kok Cheang and Roslim Mohd.

Tel: +60389466605E-mail: [email protected]

Department ofPhysicsFaculty ofScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

..Tapioca! 61

MAKNA Award - National Cancer Council ofMalaysia Award 2004

MTSF Award - Malaysia Toray ScienceFoundation Award 2004

Department ofBiomedical ScienceFaculty ofMedicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

Tel: +60389468440E-mail: [email protected]

- UPM Invention and Research Exhibition2002 (PRP 2002).

3rd Prize - UPM Invention and ResearchExhibition 2000 (PRP 2000).

rrttm*However no detailed study has been carried out yet

to evaluate the cancer chemopreventive activities of

bacteriocin. By knowing the potential of the

bacteriocin to fight various malignancies, this work is

proposed to assess its anti-tumour promoting activity

on mice induced with skin cancer. Our preliminary

tests indicated that seven types of cancer, including

cervical, ovarian, breast and leukaemia, could be

prevented by eating tapa! ubi. 0

Applying this detection system, the transit times

along L-L direction for sound wood, incipient wood,

and cracked wood fall under the ranges of lOOms to

200lJ.S, 200j.Ls to s00lJ.S, and above sOOj.Ls

respectively. To complete the study, several

prototypes have been developed, which can be used

for field-testing or maintenance work 0

reduce the total plasma cholesterol concentration

and the Enterobacteriaceae counts significantly as

compared to the control group. Under the study

conducted at UPM, the bacterioicin UL4 also

exhibited positive in vitro cytotoxic activities towards

a few cancerous cell lines, for instances breast

carcinoma (estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 and

estrogen receptor-negative MDA MB231), cervical

adenocarcinoma (HeLa), ovarian cancer (CaOV3)

and acute promyelocytic leukaemia (HL60) cells.

moisture content especially at EMC. This method is

managed to detect inner decay up to 2 cm from the

surface of the wood. In ultrasonic method, an

investigation has been done to find suitable method

of measurement, especially detection of decay under

the metal block

Various types ofmicrowave wood meter (A) wood moisture meter and decay level detection in wooden cross-arm(B) wood densitometer (e) computer-assisted wood densitometer

Latifah showing a sample ofthe bacteriocin extractedfromfermented tapioca

Ultrasonic transit timemeter and a sample holder

Latifah Saiful Yazan, Foo Hooi Ling, Raha Abdul Rahim and Loh Teck Chwen

UPM scientists are researching the possibility of

using tapai ubi, or fermented tapioca, as a

prevention against cancer.

The feeding trial results demonstrated that it could

Lactobacillus plantarum UL4 (Lactic Acid Bacteria)

isolated from local tapai ubi (fermented tapioca,

Manihot esculanta) is able to produce bacteriocin

(designated as bacteriocin UL4) that shows broad

inhibitory activities towards a numbers of pathogens,

such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcuspneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonellatyphimurium, Enterococcus faecium and Listeriamonocytogenes. Bacteriocin UL4 not only can

withstand high temperatures up to 121°C for

15 minutes but is also stable at temperatures below

15°C for up to 60 days.

............1

In this project the microwave reflection technique

and ultrasonic method which is based on the transit

time have been developed of in-situ measurement.

In this study, we categorize the decay on the wood

into three stages of decays namely severely decay,

incipient decay and sound

wood. In microwave

method these stages can be

related to the amount of

water that can be absorbed

by weathered wood and

secondly on the wood

density at particular

As for pH tolerence, the bacteriocin UL4 is also

tolerable to broad pH range, which includes acidic

(pH 2-5) and basic (pH 7-8) pH. The physiological

effects of bacteriocin UL4 have been studied by

feeding to post weaning rats as feed additive.

Most ofthe cross­

arms of the 275

kVand 123 kV

transmission lines in

Malaysia and certain

counties are using

hard wood especiallyA wooden cross-arms as part of from Chengal species.the transmission-line tower Due to natural

weathering this wooden cross-arms is degraded and

decayed. For safety reason there is a need for a

simple, light, and accurate nondestnuctive decay

detection.

Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.2005) ~

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THROUGH THE LENS

ResearchHappenings

DYNAIIIIC FORCE: Prot. Ksitlo. KI101id. 'R&D win IIIIIpUPM p""""'" 1t._IIdI..'

ATYOUR SERVICE: Th'Iormll' ~C Dir1ocIor,""". Mohd. Shahwahld dU~1'G hll C~rclIWI'III1<s at 1M lunctior1

Lecturer's Month (27-29 December 2005)

INlIRa.I!D: Dr. FaHhru1-flu1 """".,;jun, DllputyDi_. Rt.lC (rigN) IICru\I.o'Ii"'g ISO proctdura whilllIllJItapho. KMIIII (c.m.), _.~I_,RhIC IndMoIwrrI&d Azlln (1IlI}, Adminirtnti.. orIicIr. NSPEMthaw-.__dumg "" ISO IfI<lI1ahDp

­FACIG llE FACTS: 190 willl'!llip UPM acadIlrrioilnlIn filling llllmagi inl<IrrollIonaI

ISO Template Workshop (18J~ 2005)

SEAL OF APPROVALI: ~.R8tl'1-.>yMunloncly b~eIIngtn. Prln» Mlnll!llr DIDJc Sorl AbdLiIah Atrnlld _

National IntellectnalProperty Day 2005 (U MDT. 2005)

MORE ""0 tit UPII: RMwch M"'*"lIOl'rl'lilnt0snlrlI argln_1rwenIIan, _ <I. 1rn:7JdDn20ClIl Exhiblion hlld atvllioul Fao:oJli-. Inrtitutes RECOGNT10N OF COH11'IIIWT1DN: Judgel"""""" 1111>~ fI<lm 1-18 March 2OO!i Mu.ti~ wchibit.1or.1fIWdo

Invention, Research and Inoovation 2005 (PRPI2005) (1-19 MDT. 2005)---r::--

MaInysia Toray Science Foundation Award (MTSF) (13 Dec 2004)

PARADIGM -.uIH!RS: I dllcu""",,, '" great...-EllPAraNG HORIZONI UPM'a ..,II'" PolandCSMId a~ lor lL111n1 """'rmIc DDI1I1bc'atIonBbGtweanUPM &.......-Ied F'cIhlh ..._

COIliNG TOCMTIII!R: U'M'a \/leaChWlcellor, I'rofMloor D8to' Dr. ~. MDhd.ZDroIr:lla I!IIrdUl bLlklrc:l gacxt,oIll witholIiciIIa from WUT

- -F05TERIING TES: Vllft tlw_ u........rWIy<1 TochnclOCJll (Wlm, Paland~ l,PM,& 4­"'"rTtler~

Vice-chancellor's Visit to Poland (27Nov-5 Dec 20(4)

IN RECOONrT1ON: Do. l..&lbh (1IfI} and Lm Moon Nian(axlrama ~ght). lila \we rwcIplarU cflha MIIKNI'. c.nearR-.:h "-d.2OOol with c/I'Iclal, rJ! t.\loKNA

QUEST FOIl: EXCEL1.ENCE:ll', "I'"~tI1.MTSF_ """"" YBDlltIJ< Prof. [}'. Mdld R..,jdin, Parliamlll'Uly__ by YB 0.10 Sri Dr JlIl'IIIlldn MoMJarjis, 1110 lion. Il4IrUliIr orSoiInc. T«tIrology.IMDWtlon I'IiIk:I an 13 0IIc 2004

IIT1iF I'rt. P1_.1Ii1lun e-.onr.frDm 1IIlt: Prd. MDhd._d form.. RMGDi_. Do, lJItif&l191i1u1...,d 'l'B1"Q.T...,S,i0.>' Do. so,.l JaIIIudln Syed SIIIm,et.Irm...,. Eurninlllkln~

FARI!WI!L1.: Word' 01 k1nd.- by lI1a<V;gong daputy diractor, RMC, Auoc, Prof. Dr.Sld"a1lha_~ klnchaon on 14,1&'12005

CARlNClI GI!ST1IRI!: M&'111l11rc:1 Edllo,.N~ "-rc:I_lOk4ln ofllflP1lCiation on behaW of Publication &. PromotionlklIt,lWCfrcm Dr. SklIII<.

FOIl. TIlE IIECOIID:: fImt """ (frcm laI'I3:Na)WI. Do. Sid.., fl1zaI: bact< raw (from1at'I): ...... lalhan, N.maznlta I!o. NMlmI

KIIOWIlIGIIE, KlIOWIlIG YOU: Dr SklIII<. 'hulng _01 wIad"'" w1th hili uN! mamw.-- ('Irom IafI) Nurhll>nlta,ZAlh., I!o. NMlmI

l"IIH.-n..:wcp_oI___hoi:>' 1D oon\Inua1O do'" b.. ...,d IxIl:*flJ....,qu..lty_pltlI~

~'...AU. "1.ElI: RMG _enJoying 1hsI' ........ dumgDo. Sidllk', fInwaIllu1chaon

~ .,.......,1., UPM R&D Digest, b:sue 8, 1stQuatte" (Mar.200S) SpIt......, UPM R&D Digest. Issue 8, 1stQualter(Mar.200S) ~

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Ergonomic Design ofVehicles Using Natural Gas

REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE

Rosnah Mohd. lusuft', Lo Woon Chek, Barkawi Sahari and M.M.H. Megat Mohamad

Example ofbi-fuelled NGV available in the market- Volvo S80 (OEM)

Tel: +60389466342E-mail: [email protected]

Installation ofCNG containerin the luggage compartmentofthe vehicle

Department ofMechanical andManufacturing EngineeringFaculty ofEngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

Since natural gas vehicles offer many benefits, from

improving public health and the environment, it is said

that NGVs are leading the way to a better tomorrow­

today.@

container, space availability and requirement, additional

weight to the vehicle, ease of maintenance, assembly

and disassembly of new components create new impact

on the vehicle design. The impact of these changes to

the design of the vehicle from the ergonomics aspects

will be considered, evaluated and analyzed to ensure

comfort, safety and ease not only to the users but

maintenance and assembly operators. Various design

configurations will be considered using human modeling

tools such as ManneQuinPro and ENVISION/Ergo. The

design ofthe natural gas vehicle considers among other

things, frequency of refueling, speed, travel distance and

that the performance of the vehicle is at least level with

that of a petrol-fuelled car.

However, the use of natural gas in vehicles provides

other challenges such as the safety and design changes

required to the vehicle. The location ofthe mounted

In Malaysia, there are currently about 7,000

vehicles powered by natural gas, mostly

conventionally fuelled vehicles that have been

converted to run on natural gas. The fuel system uses a

combustible natural gas (CNG) conversion kit which is

added to a vehicle without any major modifications to

the vehicle's system. Natural gas is not only more

environmental friendly, it is also cheaper as the cost of

CNG fuel is only about a third of that of petrol. Since its

benefits to the environment and public health, its

abundance and cheaper cost, the use of natural gas as

the sale energy source has been considered in car

design.

The use of natural gas in vehicles (NGVs) as

an altemative fuel is increasing worldwide.

Compared with vehicles fuelled by

conventional diesel and gasoline, NGVs can

produce significantly lower amounts of

harmful emissions such as nitrogen oxides,

particulate matter, and toxic carcinogenic

pollutants and reduce emissions of carlbon

dioxide. In US the growth of NGVs are

expected to increase to 12 million in 20 I0

(Guo, 1996). Japan, although an importer of

natural gas, had made plans to increase NGV

up to 3000 and CNG fueling stations by 2000

sites in the year 2000.

The Interlocking Hollow Load bearing

~~ Block Building System has won many

National and Intemational awards and has

been granted Patents under UK Patent number

GB2361254B and Malaysian Patent number

MYI15629A.@HalfBlockCOTner BlockStretcher Block

PutraBlok-Interlocking Load-bearing Hollow BlockMohd. Razali Abdul Kadir, Abang Abdullah Abang Ali, Mohd. Salleh Jaafar, Abdul Aziz Abdul Samad,Rahinah Ibrahim, DN. Trikha and Waleed A.M. Thanoon

UTRA BLOK is an invention of the Housing Research

Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia. lt is a new,

innovative, interlocking load bearing, hollow block

building system, designed to satisfY the modular

coordination requirement as a part ofthe 'open'

Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) concept.

The main idea of Interlocking Hollow Block System

(IHBS)-PUTRA BLOK is the elimination of the mortar

layers. The blocks are interconnected through the

provision of protrusions and grooves. The elimination of

mortar layers in the IHBS will speed up construction and

reduce the number of skilled and unskilled worlkers

required to construct identical mortar blocks.

The interlocking block system is therefore being

promoted as a new building technique that will not only

result in reduced costs but will speed up the

construction process as a result of the elimination of

mortar layers. As they are light with self-aligning features,

the interlocking hollow blocks can be assembled much

faster compared to the conventional mortar masonry

construction.

Three different interlocking block units were developed

to assemble a wall unit i.e. comer block. Half block and

Putra interlocking load bearing hollow black units

the Stretcher block

In addition, the assembled blocks provide continuous

hollow voids that can be used to host ties or stiffeners in

vertical and horizontal directions. Unskilled labor,

although not familiar with the system, found it easy and

simple for construction purposes. No formworlk was

used in the construction of the house. The lintels or

beams were embedded in the block thus further

reducing construction time.

SILVER - British Inventions Society 2004(BIS, London, UK)

SILVER - Ideas-Inventions-New Products 2004(lENA, Germany)

CIDB Award - Construction Industry DevelopmentBoard Award 2002

- International Exhibition ofInventions, NewTechniques & Products 2001, Geneva

Department ofCivil EngineeringFaculty ofEngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

Tel: +6038946 7849E-mail: [email protected]

~ Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.2005)

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TIl: +603 8946 6268, 89466183E-IIUJil: t'[email protected]

1JqMufIrImI ofC1Mmit:al and

~J!.IIP-rinI

Faculty of1!llIIIIHrlIttUlfiwrlitihtmM~43400 UPJl, &"*",, &blforM_

CIR11pIUiMRI <f<'tim rrowIIo EwduaIiDfI ofcom rmwill& wiI1Iwill IWJ:CfJ1IIiKMlI "" fr/1llker DI1III[HJ$fSofIWKlIltdge

•- British /nventiolll Society 2004 (BIS.l.multm. UK).

Spedal SILVER - British /nYe1ltion:r Society 2004(BIS,l.multm. UK).

SILVER -ldeos-/nYe1ltion:r-New Product.r 2004(lENA. Gemumy).

•- UPMlnvMtion oi Ruearch bhibititm2002 (PRP 2(02).

SILVER - Expo SciuJce and Technology 2002(EXPO SoiT2002).

additional wutes. Obviously. it has potential toprovide dUi.1 benefits; firstly, it ensures the ultil'Tatedisposal ofwastes and, secondly; it provides a valueadded end product The process is simple, low costand easy to operate. Obviously, it is convenient andeffective method for ensuring a congenii.1environment for human beings.

Both, solid strte bi~rsion ofdomesticwastewater 1relltment plant sludge into compost(SSB), and liquid state biOCOl1Yersion of sewage1relltment plant sludge (LSB) are Pltent-pendingunder Mili.ys;ii.n Patent registridion numberPI 2ODJOH2, i.nd PI 20030'41 respectively. 0

The SSB process is nirtula\ non-haurdous i.ndenvironmentally fTiendly compared to i.J1)' one oftheexisting conventional i.nd aclwnced techniques forwastewatersludge management and disposal.Moreoverthe SSB tec:fvlique is permi.Ilent andsustainable. The end product is a value addedorganic fertilizer and therefore will not genenrte any

Generollly,tnis technique has opened i. newbio\:edlnological app~ in the economicimportance of"treating lower (S I% wlw ofTSS)and/or higher (:S4% wlw ofTSS) DWTP sludge bythrough enhandng the biosolids accumullllion,biosepantl:ion and biodegrad<tl:ion of treated sludge.This may contribute to better sludge mi.nagementstrwI:egies in such a -mrs as (i) biosolids iCQJmul.tiontIW: can be used as pre-treillment mnerW for rolpidand effective composling by solid strtebiOCOl1Yersion (Vil!il:ez et ai, 2000, Molla, 2002)because it has large amounts of orpnic mlJtter,macro- and micro-nutrients and tnere exist microbesfor quick bioconversion i.lld (M) biodewadl!ion ofDWT'P sludge supematAnt tIW: can be disposedwithout any furthertreabnent and meets thestandard values required for discharge OLBS, 1999).

modified by decomposition and humifiaIlion tnrouitla wide variety of biological changes (Vuorinen, 2lXX».Generolily biologial oxidation is i. dehydrogenirtionprocess and dehydrogenase; are i. very imporWltgroup of enzymes forthe composting process (Fanget ai, 1998). MorecMlr, the organic N is mineralizedto ammonia. by ammonifica:l:ion reactions as a resultof tne microbii.1 activity. Then the lJTYT10niaundergoes different processes such as, vol.tilization,ilTYT1obilizalion. denitriflCirtion and nitriliation basedon different sitUlrtions (Sanchez-Monedero et 01.,2001).

RESEARCH UPDATE

In the SSB (solid strte bioconversion) process tneend product is i. value lidded orxanic fertilizer(compost) whidl exhibited superior potentii.1 inplant grawIh and development. MasUy, tne processwas conducted under laboratory conditions. In tneSSB process, IWK domestic wast:ew.rter sludge (fromdrying bed or LSB) wtth 8-10% solids content wasoll"ed followed by separwtion of foreiwl particles andmade more or less homogenous. Then it wassterilized after i.ddition of bulking I'Taterials (sawdustand rice straw) i.nd optimized process factors suchas, co-substl'ilte, pH, ON ratio, and moisture leYel.Finally the 6% mixed furta! mixed inocula(approxim.tely 35 x 103 sporeslmQ was used forinoculation and incu~ 75 dil)'S for bioconversion.

Generally in the SSB process tne enhanced microbialgrawIh for excretion of several enzymes helps thebiological oxidation of the organic substl'ilte. Theaerobic biodewadl!ion converts tne substrate intoCOlo H20 i.lld relWiely sl:i.bIe humus substinces.The long cluined arbon compounds becomessimpler ones. Therefore tne organic materials are

REGULARS

Microbial Bioconversion ofDomestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (DWTP)Sludge by LSB and SSB into EnvironmentalFriendly Soil Nutrients for Ultimate Disposal .et

l*

A. Fakhru'I-Razi, A.H. Molla and HZ. A1am

The L.5B (liquid stAte bioool1llel"5ion) process was~Iopedwith controlled condition in a

labor.ttory. In the L.5B process, the "filamentous fungiwas isolated (Fakhru1-Razi et aI., 2002a) from itsrelevant sources (wastewiJter. DWTP sludge andsludge cake). Immobilized illd/or c:rTInpped wut:eparticles of Indah Watx!s" Konscrtium O'vVK) DWTPsludge was carried out 1I1rouItJ 1I1e filamentousmycelial forma:tion of pelletslflocs (S I%wlw ofTSS).This has enhanced the settling and dewateri~

characteristics. and biosolids accumulation (2.5% wlwofTSS) ofthe~ sludge (Alim eta/.. 2001 b).The fungal growtI1 and its secondary metabolites i.e.enzymes influenced 1he reduction ofsoluble organicsubstances present in the sludge and acceler.rted thebioconversion process significantly (Friedrich et aI.,1983. 1987: Jin et a/. 1999: Alam et aJ.. 2001 b). Inhigher solids c.ontent sludge (:!Ii: 4% wlw ofTSS). themicroorpnisms only errtnpped the solid particles,compressed the treated sludge with their filamentousmycelia ttliIl: modified the porosit¥ structure ofbiosolids and enhanced the dewlrtefabilitylfitterability(Hamdi and Ellouz, 1992; Friedridl et aI., 1986) asweD as bio-acaJmllli.tion of tre;rted DWTP sludge(FakIY1J1-Razi et aI., 2002b).

....in Cocoa Mirid, Helopeltis Theivora Waterhouse_F.-p..,o..,--c,,,-,,,---,--.,, These results

indiarted th<tl: thisenzyme might.

also play a role inmetabolism ofdllorpyrifos,cypermethrin and

deltamethrin forllanNlgr'YfllP/fltllDnytJlllllCOCOllIIItxM i.llthe popul;rtion

tested. The resistance r.rtio of25-fold for

cypermethrin in the Banting population and 13-fold

for chlopyrifos in the Sungai Tel<.am population were

higher compared to Serdang popullttion (susceptiblepopulation). The Sungai TeIwn popull!ion showed

increasing tolerance towards the insecticides testedcompared to Banting i.IlCI Serdang popullllions.

Results indici.teclthe impending resistance in the

mirids. Formullllion of chemical management is

necessary to be integrated into the pest

mar.agement of the pest Effective resistance

mar.agement in agricultural insect pests depends on

early detection of tne problem and rapid assimillllion

of tne information on the resistant popullttlon.0

SILVER- UPMlnvMtionfllldRuearchExhibition 2002 (PRP 20(2).

'~~ofP~FacMlly ofA,riclIltureU"mniti Pwra Jlalaylu,43400 UPM, s.ro-,. s.z-,orM_Tel: +603 8946 71A4E-mail: rita@!J8ri..6.IJ1.!!du.my

8yntItesIs. UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.ZOOS) fI

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Dr.Sidek Abd. Aziz, outgoingdeputy director,Publication, Promotion &System Unit, RMC

Fakhru1joined Universiti Putra Malaysia in 1981 and becamehead of the Department of Chemical and EnvironmentalEngineering, Faculty ofEngineering from 1st July 1998 till 31Jan 2004. He was awarded a MARA Scholarship to pUISuetertiary education at Leeds University in 1976. He obtainedhis Doctorate in Environmental Engineering in 1994 from theUniversity of Newcastle upon Tyne (UK).

nAssociate Professor Dr. Sidek Hj. Abd. Aziz, outgoing deputydirector, Research Management Centre left the Centre on 15January 2005 with reflective memories of his sheer hard workand commitment to the Centre. Ever since his appointmentwith RMC in November 2001 as the head of the Publication,Promotion & System Unit, he was actively involved inconducting and successfully organising various exhihitions atboth national and international levels. In a nutshell, the unitowes its success to his creditibility.He could now be reached at 03 89466682 (faculty), or viaemail [email protected].(Turn to centre page for pictorial news.)

• From Page Twelve

Read this - a call forcontributions!!Ifyou have any contributions comprising feature articles

or research write-ups that you would like uS to publish inthe esteemed columns of Synthesis, or any suggestions

that you may wish to make for the forthcoming issues,please send them to: The Managing Editor, Synthesis,

Publication, Promotion and System Unit, ResearchManagement Centre, 4th Floor, Administration Building,

43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia or via the

Internet to [email protected] [email protected]

The editor reserves the right to edit articles for clarity andspace before publication.

He has to his credit received several national and internationalawards for various research achievements. In addition, he hasalso received the Emerald Highly Commended Award 2003,and the Swiss Inventors and Patent Holders Special Awardrecently at lENA 2004 in UK and Germany. In addition, heholds various international professional affiliations.

Fakhru1-Razi's research interests are in the areas ofenvironmental engineering, nanotechnology; and safety andemergency management. He has more than 170 publicationsof which over 70 are in various journals related toenvironmental engineering, nanotechnology, and emergencyand disaster management.

RMCUpdatesThe Publication & Promotion Unit of the Research ManagementCentre (RMC), UPM is now known as Publication, Promotion &

System Unit.

FactFile

n Dr. Fakhru'I-Razi Ahmadun, Associate Professor and Lecturerin Environmental Engineering from the Faculty ofEngineering took over as the new incoming deputy directorResearch Management Centre effective 16 January 2005. Dr.Fakhru'l heads the Publication, Promotion & System Unit ofthe Research Management Centre. He could be reached at 038946 6183 (RMC), 03 8946 6304 (faculty), or via email [email protected]

nDr.Fakhru'/-RaziAhmadun,incoming new deputy director,Publication, Promotion &System Unit, RMC

Tel: +60389468439, 86567840/43/45E-mail: [email protected]

Bronze - Institute ofBioscience Exhibition 2004,UPM.

Bronze - UPM Invention & Research Awards 2003(PRP 2003).

First Prize - Best Confocal Micrograph, Langkawi,2003.

SILVER - International Exhibition for Inventions,Innovations, Technology & Industrial Design(I-TEX2003).

GOLD - UPM Invention & Research Awards 2002(PRP 2002).

This study had proven that this local strain of NOV

can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cell

lines. This study also suggests that this virus appeared

to be well replicated in breast cancer cells. 0

infection. Meanwhile at 72 hours, virus budding

became more dominant and a lot of virus particles

were released into cytoplasmic region leading to

explotion ofthe cancer cells into fragments known

as apoptotic bodies.

Faculty ofMedicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

Immunolabelling ofNDV with polyclonal antibody inMCF-7cellline--{A) control (B - D) 24, 48 and72 hours post-inoculation (B-D).

Replicalion ofNDV - Transmission electron micrograph ofMCF-7 cells at 12 hours post-infection. Note virus particles(VP) and accumulation ofnucleocapsids (N) in the cytoplasm

Fauziah Othman, Aini, I., Asmah, R., Omar, AR., Manaf, M., Malin, J., Zolkapli, E.,Nor Asiah M.N., Narayani, M., Hadiyatul-Hanim, M.TH and Tengku-Shahrul, T.M.Y

These features indicate the occurrence of apoptosis.

This reseanch also demonstrated that AF 2240 strain

of NOV is capable of replicating in the cytoplasm of

tumor cells. Within the cytoplasm, inclusions were

fomred by accumulations of viral nucleocapsids

surrounded by 'fuzzy' electron dense material.

Electron microscopy has shown that nucleocapsids

appeared in the cytoplasm at 6 hours and 12 hours

post-infection. To confer this, immunolabelling

technique was applied to detect the presence of

NOV using CLSM. At 24 hours post-infection,

particles accumulate and inclusions closely aligned

the plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane as

particles prepared to bud. Nucleocapsids aggregate

within the cytoplasm and virus budding at vacuolar

membrane were also observed at 36 hours post-

The objective of this study is to investigate the

replication and morphological changes of breast

cancer cell lines (MCF-7) infected with AF 2240

strain which is a velogenic Malaysian strain of NOV.

The breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 is maintained in

complete media RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10%

fetal calf serum and I% antibiotic penicillin­

streptomycin in an atmosphere of 5% C02 at 37"C.

Morphological features of infected cells and virus

replication were studied by using transmission

electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser

scanning microscope (CL5M) and observation was

done for 6, 12, 24, 36 and 72 hours post-infection.

TEM observation revealed that AF 2240 strain of

NOV induced apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cell

lines. When thin sections of infected cells were

examined, the effect of infection was observed.

Infection was associated with condensation of

chromatin, shrinkage of total cell volume, membrane

blabbing and constriction of both nucleus and

cytoplasm into membrane bound apoptotic bodies.

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women

in most part of the world and refers to malignant

tumor that is developed from the breast.

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the

potential use of cytolytic viruses to cause selective

destruction of tumors. A few viruses have shown to

induce apoptosis of tumor cells such as mumps virus,

nipah virus, adenovirus and Newcastle disease virus

(NOV). NOV vaccines have been reported to be

effective in some patients with advance cancer who

had exhausted conventional cancer treatment.

Infection of cells with virus often stimulates cellular

self-destruction mechanism, known as apoptosis.

~ Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.2005)

Replication of New Castle Disease Virus in

Breast Cancer Cell Lines~

~__R_ES_E_A_R_C_H_U_P_D_A_T_E !

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