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Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2

Islam Expands

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Islam Expands. Chapter 10 Section 2. Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni. Sufi Abbasids Al- Andulas Fatimid. Key Terms. Muhammad had not named a successor Abu-Baker loyal friend Caliph- means successor or deputy. Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Islam ExpandsChapter 10

Section 2

Key Terms

CaliphUmayyadsShi’aSunni

SufiAbbasidsAl-AndulasFatimid

Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam

Muhammad had not named a successor

Abu-Baker loyal friend

Caliph- means successor or deputy

Right Guided Caliphs

Umar, Uthman, and Ali all had know Muhammad

Rule was called caliphate

Jihad-striving against evil

Encouraged and justified expansion

Right Guided Caliphs

634 AD Muslim state controlled Arabia

Umar second caliph conquered Syria and Egypt

Uthman and Ali expanded territory from Atlantic ocean to Indus River

Reasons for Success

Muhammad had expressed desire to spread Islam

Victories a sign of Allah’s support

Gave energy and inspiration

Willing to struggle

Reasons for Success

Muslim armies well trained and disciplined

Weakness in other empires

Persecuted people often welcomed invaders

Attracted to message of equality and hope

Treatment of Conquered People

Muslims allowed conquered people to keep their religions

Christians and Jews paid a poll tax in exchange for exception of military duties

Subject to various restriction

Could not spread religion but could be officials and scholars

Internal Conflict Creates Crisis

656 Uthman murdered

Ali rightful rulerChallenged by

Muyawiya governor of Syria

Ali was assassinated

Umayyads-family that came to power

Internal Conflict and Crisis

Moved Muslim capitol to Damascus

Made controlling conquered territories easier

Surrounded themselves with wealth and ceremony

Started a split

Sunni- Shi’a Split

Majority of Muslims adopted Umayyads rule

Shi’a- party of AliCaliph needed to be a

descendant of Muhammad

Sunni- Umayyads became know as followers of Muhammad’s example

Sufi-life of poverty and devotion

Control Extends Over Three Continents

Abbasid came to power in 750

Murders the Umayyad family

Abh al-Rahmanb escaped to Spain

Set up Umayyad caliphate

Abbasids Consolidate Power

Moved capitol to Baghdad

Key route gave caliphs access to trade good

Developed strong bureracracy

Treasury kept track of money flows

Special department managed the army

Rival Groups Divide Muslim Lands

Abbasids taxed land, imports and exports, and non-Muslim wealth

Rival groups divide Muslim lands

1258 Fatimid caliphate was formed

Desecendant from Muhammad’s daughter Fatima

Muslim Trade Networks

Started in Africa and spread to the Red Sea

Muslim trade networkEngaged in sea trade

with the worldLand connected

China, India, Europe and Africa

Merchants needed a single language

Single currency

Muslim Trade Networks

Muslims set up banks in cities (money changers)

Offered letters of credit (sakks)

Could exchange it for cash in any other city

Europe pronounced it as check

Muslim Trade Networks

Cordoba-10 century had a population of 200,000

Paris had 38,000City attracted, poets,

philosophers, and scientists

Cordoba, Damascus, Cairo and Baghdad fueled period of immense achievements in the arts and sciences