Isitivanje Brana

8/10/2019 Isitivanje Brana

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SADRAJ:

1. UVOD...........................................................................................................................2-5

2. MEHANIKE I OPTIKE METODE ISPITIVANJA.............................................5-11

3. ELEKTRINE I ELEKTRO AKUSTINE METODE ISPITIVANJA...............11-14

4. ELEKTRINI INSTRUMENTI ZA MJERENJE DEFORMACIJA, POMAKA INAPREZANJA U STIJENI.........................................................................................14-15

5. EOFIZIKE METODE ISPITIVANJA................................................................15-1!

!. SPECIJALNE FIZIKE METODE ISPITIVANJA.....................................................1!

". METEOROLO#KA I DRUA MJERENJA................................................................1!

$. EODETSKE METODE ISPITIVANJA................................................................1!-1$

%. ZAKLJUAK................................................................................................................1$

1&. IZVORI I LITERATURA............................................................................................1%

1


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1. UVOD

Brana'( )*+(/+ 0)/+ 0*( *+ 0**/) 6 7'(/ 8)*+(/) + 9+9*:7 + 9( 0*;/+ *+8/+ ( 8/ ;*+/( )/(. T 9( 08+/'( */( (/(*)'( 6 8+ /++0+/'( 09*; 7 (=: 0*>'+. U 06+//97 0?7+ ;'?+7+ ;*+/( 96@( 8+>*/) *+.

Slika 1 Brana Daniel-Johnson, Quebec, Kanada,je raslanjena brana sa lukovima

V*9( ;*+/+ 0*(7+ /+>/ 90*9+6'+/'+ 6+ ( 9 Gravitacione brane 9 7+9/(, +/+9 0*((@/ ;(/9( ;*+/(, '( 9(

'(6+/' +/'9: 96+ 90*9+6'+' 96'> 9'7 (@/7. O+6( 7 6+8 /+8. O 0**+8*(/( +@/9 : ;*+/+ '( 9+;6/9, '+ 9(+/+68*+ + *) '(6+.

Slika 2 Gravacijska brana Klinje (1!"#$od%

2


3/20

Lune brane/+8+' 9( ;*+/( >' '( 6>/ 0*(9'( *6/'9) ;6+, ;66+. O0(*(=(/'( 0*(/9( )6+/7 /+ ;(. S)*/9 9+;6/9/9*?'( 9 B8> 7(:+/>7 +*+(*9+7+ 7+(*'+6+ /9*?' /99 (7(6'+. O/( 9 (/7>/'( )*++?/:, ;*@( 9()*+(, +6 8+:'(+' ;6'( '(( B/*+/'+.

Slika & Brana 'ola, rancuska

Ralanjene brane 9( 9+9'( / 9 90 6 00*( /+ '(9( 96+/'+' 06>( 6 9. S+ 90+ 7*+ + 0*(/9 /+ 6 0(*(=(/'( '(/)06'+. I('+ '( 9 ( 96/'(/( /+ 00*( 6 /*+B*(

6 96/'(/ /+ 00*( 6 /*+B*(

3


4/20

Slika ) Brana Khajoo, *ran

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5/20

2. (*%A3456* 4 O#456* (*#OD* 4S4#4VA3JA

M(:+/>( 0>( 7(( ;:++' 7'(*(/'+ 9+ *(/7 >+/'(7 *'(/907++, (B*7+?'+ 8)/+ /+ 0*90+>/7 +>+7+. I/9*7(/ 8+ + 7'(*(/'+ 9

9+6/7 9+*7+ 9+ 997.

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Slika + rijenosni klinomear sa .rodu/nom ba0om i le/ajevima

De-or0etar 96@ 8+ 7'(*(/'( (B*7+?'+ *(6+/: 07++ 87( + '(/+7(+6/+ *+'/ )*+(/+ 6(@+'+, (*+6/' 6 :*8/+6/' *+/. T7 0*'(/9/7/9*7(/7 7) 9( 7'(* 6+6/( 0'(/+>/( 6 )*0/( (B*7+?'( 8@+;*+/) 0*+?+ /+ ;*+/.

Slika " rijenosni deormear

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6/20


7/20

Slika 7.iki koordimear

Slika ! Koordinani visak i koordimear

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8/20

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9/20

Slito0etar. T*+/96+*/ 07+? /*6*+/( +>( 9'(/9' 7+9, 90 (7(6'/(06:( 0 */++7+ , , Z, /9 /+ 9+'+6 '(6 ;*+/( *+?'+/*6*+/( +>( , 7'(*( 9( 07= *7(*+, 6/7(*+ 9*(/( >(6>/(?'(. S9+ '( 08/+ 0 /+87 967(+* (7(6'/+ 06)+.

Slika 11 Sliomear

K6/7(+* +'( 0*7'(/( /+);+, /9/ *+?' +>( 9*/ 8;( 90*( 9+ */+/7 97 '(7(/' /86 6>/: ;*+/+.

#e0eljne 8ice i vr"ce. O+' 99+ 8+ 7'(*(/'( 9+9' 9( /+*9( @?( 6 *0?(8+()/( 87( +>( /+ / ;++/'( *(6+/: 07++ 9+ +>/


10/20

Slika 12 >emeljna vr.ca ? @una brana Granarevoa% mjerno mjeso, b% mjerni ureAaj

De-or0iraju$a cijev 96@ 8+ /*6 *+//( 97?+/'+. T '( 09(;/ 8*+(/+9+6'+ >(6>/+ ?'( '7 9( ;6+@( (*+6/+ ;


11/20

9.*L*6#R453* 4 *L*6#RO 7 A6US#453* (*#OD*4S4#4VA3JA

I/9*7(/ ' 9( 8+9/+' /+ 7 0*/?07+ *9( 9( 8+ 7'(*(/'+ /+ /(0*90+>/7+>+7+, 9+ +6'/97 0*'(/97 87'(*(/: *'(/9 (70(*+*(, (B*7+?'+,

07++, /+0*(8+/'+ 8)/+.

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12/20

(6(*+9>/: (/87(+*+, ' 9( 8+9/+' /+ 0*/?0 0*7'(/( B*((/?'(;**+'=( @?( 96'( 0(*(=(/'+ ' 06>+, ': '( '(/+ (B*7+;6/+ + *)+*+. T(/87(* 7) ; 8*+(/ /+ 0*/?0 0*7'(/( 79) 6 0(87(*'9)0*+ /+ ;+8 +*?/) *9+6+, + 7) ; 6'/ 9+ (6(*+9>/7 7+/7(*7.T+(* 7) ; (6(*/9.

Slika 1) lekroakusini en0omear 0a beon,8% krua elina .loa, B% verikalna vibriraju=a /ica ,% elekroma$ne

*le'trini 0ano0etri 96@( 8+ 7'(*(/'( 6++ (, 0*/) 6++ 8)/+ /+/(0*90+>/7 +>+7+ :*(:/>( )*+(/(.

Slika 1+ lekrini manomear

*le'trini &ilato0etar 96@ 8+ /*6 *++ 90'/?( +*+/'(, 8++*+/'(, 97?+/'(.E6(*>/ 6+7(+* 7@( ; /+ 0*/?0 0*7'(/( B*((/?'( 0*+.

12


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14/20

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15/20

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16/20

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@. (*#*OROLO6A 4 DRUGA (J*R*3JA

T+ 7'(*(/'+ ;:++' *()9*+?' 9: 0+++ ' 9 /(0:/ 8+ /(*0*(+?'*(86++ 90+/'+ + /: (79'+ '(6 ;*+/( (7(6'7+. Z 0*+ (B*7+?' 0*>' 67+.

. G*OD*#S6* (*#OD* 4S4#4VA3JA

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*(7(/97 /(*+67+ *((/: *+8/+ ( +76+?'.H*8/+6/+ 08?'+ /*6/: +>++ *('( 9( trigonometrijskim presjecanjemnaprijed ili metodom aliniranja. V9/9( *+86( *(' 9(preciznim geometrijskimnivelmanom ili trigonometrijskim nivelmanom /+ +>+7+ /(0*90+>/7 8+)(7(*'9 /(6*+/'(.

1!


17/20

P*'(+ ;*+/( 7*+ ;:++ 0*'(+ 6+6/( 7**)/7(*'9( 7*(@(. F9/+;+8+ 7**)/7(*'9( 7*(@(, +6( 9( 0+@+' /*6/( +>( /+ ;*+/, 7*+ ;(8+/+ 8+ *'(/+?'9( +>( 7**)/7(*'(9( 7*(@(.

Slika 2< # iksna ba0a mikrori$onomerijske mre/e i ra0lika o.a/anja

1"


18/20

C. ;A6LJU5A6

R/ 8+

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1$


19/20

1. 4;VOR4:

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L4#*RA#URA:

1. HIDROTEHNIKE RAEVINE, /')+ 1? ro# dr# ear Soji=,di.l# in$# $raA#, S.li 1!!3# $od#

2. ISPITIVANJE KONSTRUKCIJA? 5adoje Cukoi=, Beo$rad 1!!#$od#

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