IS 9137-1978

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    Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

    Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to

    information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,

    and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest

    to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of

    education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the

    timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

    !"#$% '(%)

    !"# $ %& #' (")* &" +#,-.Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

    Invent a New India Using Knowledge

    /0)"1 &2 324 #' 5 *)6Jawaharlal Nehru

    Step Out From the Old to the New

    7"#1&"8+9&"), 7:1&"8+9&")Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

    The Right to Information, The Right to Live

    !"# %& ;

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