IS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987 (Reaffirmed 1997) Indian Standard ... · Part Dead loads Part 2 Imposed loads Part 3 Wind loads Part 4 Snow loads Part Special loads and load combinations

Indian StandardIS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

(Reaffirmed 1997)

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IS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

Indian StandardÝÑÜÛÑÚÐÎßÝÌ×ÝÛÚÑÎ

ÜÛÍ×ÙÒÔÑßÜÍøÑÌØÛÎÌØßÒÛßÎÌØÏËßÕÛ÷ÚÑÎÞË×ÔÜ×ÒÙÍßÒÜÍÌÎËÝÌËÎÛÍ

PART 2 IMPOSED LOADS

(Second

Structural Safety Sectional Committee, BDC 37

Chairman L. V. Î ßÓ ßÕÎ ×Í ØÒ ß

MembersÜ Î Õò Ùò

Í ØÎ× Óò Íò

Òò Õò

Íò Õò ÓßÔ ØÑ ÌÎß (Alternate )Ü Î S. C. Ý ØßÕÎ ßÞßÎÌ ×

ßò Üß Ì Ì ß ø ÷ÝØ×ÛÚ ÛÒÙ×ÒÛÛÎ NDZ II

ÍËÐÛÎ×ÒÌÛÒÜ×ÒÙ ÍËÎÊÛÇÑÎ ÑÚ É Ñ Î Õ Í

ø NDZ ) II ( Ü Î Ðò Üß Ç ß Î ß Ì Ò ß Ó

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Ð ÎÑÚ Üò Òò ÌÎ×ÕØß Alternate ) ßò Ýò Ðò ÍÛÒ Ù Ë Ð Ì ß

ÍØÎ× Óò Óò ÙØÑÍØ Alternate ) Ùò B. ÖßØ ßÙ ×Î Üß Î

Ö Ñ×ÒÌ Ü ×ÎÛÝÌÑÎ ÍÌßÒÜßÎÜÍ ø Þ Í ÷ô ÝÞÍØÎ× Íò Ðò

ÍØÎ× ßò Ðò ÓËÔÔ Alternate )ÍØÎ× Íò Îò

ÍØÎ× Íò Òò ÐßÔ ø AlternateÍØÎ× Øò Òò Ó× Í Ø Î ß

R. K. ( AlternateÍØÎ× Ìò Õò Üò ÓË Ò Í Ø ×

Ü Î Îß Ö Õ Ë Ó ß Î

Ü Î Óò Òò Îß Ñ

ÍØÎ× Íò ÙÑ Ó ßÌØ × Ò ßÇß Ùß Ó Alternate )D R T. N. ÍËÞÞß Î ß Ñ

Íò Êò ÔÑ Ò ÕßÎ ø ÷ÍØÎ× Ðò Õò Îß Ç

ÍØÎ× Ðò Õò ÓËÕØÛÎÖÛÛ ø Alternate ) Íò ÍÛÛÌ Øß ÎßÓ ßÒ

ÍØÎ× S. P. Ý ØßÕÎßÞÑÎÌÇ ø Alternate )

RepresentingEngineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New

Delhi

Bharat Heavy Ltd ( Corporate, Research Development Division Hyderabad

In capacity A-2136, Enclave, New

Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, NewDe

Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR Roorkee

Central Public Works Department, New Delhi

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay, Bombay

Central Water Commission, New Delhi

Institution of Engineers India Calcutta

National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd, New Delhi and Lloyds of India Ltd, Calcutta

National Industrial Development Corporation Ltd, NewDelhi

Ministry of Railways Consulting Engineers, New Delhi

M. N. Dastur Co, Calcutta

Forest Research and Colleges, Dehra Dun

Engineers India New DelhiNational Council for Cement and Building Materials,

New DelhiStructural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR Madras

Gammon India Ltd, Bombay

Indian Engineering Association, Calcutta

Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing New Delhi

( Continued on page 2 )

Copyright 1989BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Act ( XIV of and reproduction in whole orin part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement

of copyright under the said Act.



IS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

( Continuedfrom page 1

Members M. C. SHARMA K. S.

A. K. LAL ( Alternate )SHRI KLIMAR

G. Director ( Civ Engg

RepresentingIndia Meteorological Department, New DelhiNational Buildings Organization, New Delhi

National Building Construction Corporation, Limited,New Delhi

Director General, BIS ( Member

Secretary

ÍØÎ× B. R. Deputy Director ( Civ Engg BIS

Panel on Loads ( Other than Wind Loads BDC 37 P3

Ý±²ª»²»®D R T. N. RA O

DR S. V. LONKAR ( Alternate

MembersDR T. V. S. R. RA O

DR M. N. KESHAVA RAO ( Alternate S. R. M. L.

Õò ÜßÌÌß ø Alternate )Ü Î Ýò Òò ÍËÐÛÎ×ÒÌÛÒÜ×ÒÙ ÛÒÙ×ÒÛ ÛÎ ø Ü ÷

ÛÈÛÝËÌ×ÊÛ ÛÒÙ×ÒÛÛÎ ø Ü ÷ Ê×× ø Alternate )Ü Î H. C. Ê ×ÍÊÛÍÊßÎßÇß

Gammon India Limited, Bombay

Structural Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus,Madras

M. N. Dastur Co Ltd, CalcuttaMetallurgical Engineering Consultants India )

C. R. Narayana Rao, MadrasCentral Public Works Department ( Central Designs

Organization New Delhi

National Council for Cement and Building Materials,New Delhi



IS 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

C O N T E N T S

0.1.2.3.

FOREWORD . . . . . .SCOPE . . . . . . . . .

TERMINOLOGY

IMPOSED LOADS ON FLOORS DUE TO USE AND OCCUPANCY

3.1 Imposed Loads . . .3.1.1 Load Application . . .

Loads Due to Partitions . . .3.23.34.4.14.24.34.44.55.6.6.16.26.36.47.

Reduction in Imposed Loads on FloorsPosting of Floor CapacitiesIMPOSED LOADS ON ROOFS . . .Imposed Loads on Various Types of RoofsConcentrated Load on Roof CoveringsLoads Due to Rain . . .Dust Load . . .Loads on Members Supporting Roof CoveringsIMPOSED HORIZONTAL LOADS ON PARAPETS AND BALUSTRADES

LOADING EFFECTS DUE TO IMPACT AND VIBRATION

Impact for Lifts, Hoists and MachineryConcentrated Imposed Loads with Impact and VibrationImpact Allowances for Crane Girders . . .Crane Load Combinations . . . . . .OTHER LOADS . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX A ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE SHOWING REDUCTION OF UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTEDIMPOSED FLOOR LOADS IN M U L T I-STOREYED B UILDINGS FOR D ESIGN OFCOLUMNS

Page

45566

121212131313131313131314141515161617



×Í èéë ø Ð¿®¬ î ÷ ïçèé

Indian StandardCODE OF PRACTICE

DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THANFOREARTHQUAKE)

FOR BUILDINGS AND PART 2 IMPOSED LOADS

(Second Revision)

0 . F O R

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part 2 ) ( SecondRevision ) was adopted by the Bureau of IndianStandards on 31 August 1987. after the draftfinalized by the Structural Safety Sectional Com-mittee had been approved by the Divi-sion Council.0.2 A building has to perform many functionssatisfactorily. Amongst these functions are theutility of the building for the intended useand occupancy, structural safety, fire safety;and compliance with hygienic, sanitation, venti-lation and day light standards. The design ofthe building is dependent upon the minimumrequirements prescribed for each of the abovefunctions. The minimum requirements pertainingto the structural safety of buildings are beingcovered in this Code by way of laying downminimum loads have to be assumedfor dead loads, imposed loads, snow loads andother external loads, the structure would berequired to bear. Strict conformity to loadingstandards recommended in this Code, it is hoped,will not only ensure the structural safety of thebuildings which are being designed and construct-ed in the country and thereby reduce the hazardsto life and property caused by unsafe structures,but also eliminate the wastage caused by assumingunnecessarily heavy loadings.0.3 This Code was first published in 1957 for theguidance of civil engineers, designers and archi-tects associated with the planning and design ofbuildings. It included the provisions for the basicdesign loads ( dead loads, live loads, wind loadsand seismic loads to be assumed in the designof buildings. its firs! revision in 1964, thewind pressure provisions were modified on thebasis of studies of wind phenomenon and itseffects on structures, undertaken by the specialcommittee in consultation wi th the IndianMeteorological Department. In addition to this,new clauses on wind loads for butterfly typestructures were included; wind coeffi-cients for sheeted roofs, both curved and sloping,were modified; seismic load provisions were delet-ed ( separate code having been prepared ) andmetric system of weights and measurements wasadopted.

E W O R D

With the increased adoption of the Code,a number of comments were received on the pro-visions on live load values adopted for differentoccupancies. Simultaneously live load surveyshave been carried out in America and Canada toarrive at realistic live loads based on actual deter-mination of loading ( movable and immovable )in different occupancies. Keeping this in viewand other developments in the field of windengineering, the Sectional Committee responsiblefor the preparation of the Code has decided toprepare the second revision of IS 875 in thefollowing five parts

Part Dead loadsPart 2 Imposed loadsPart 3 Wind loadsPart 4 Snow loadsPart Special loads and load combinationsEarthquake load is covered in a separate

standard, namely IS which shouldbe considered along with above loads.

0.3.2 This Code Part 2 deals with imposedloads on buildings produced by the intendedoccupancy or use. In this revision, the following

changes have been made:a) The use of the term ‘live load’ has been

modified to ‘imposed load’ to cover notonly the physical contribution due topersons but also due to nature of occu-pancy, the furniture and other equipmentswhich are a part of the character of theoccupancy.

b) The imposed loads on floors and roofshave been rationalized based on thecodified data available in large numberof latest foreign national standards, andother literature. Further, these valueshave been spelt out for the major occu-pancies as classified in the NationalBuilding Code of India as well as thevarious service areas appended to the majoroccupancies.

*Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures(fourth revision

4



The reduction of imposed loads fordesign of vertical supporting membersin b u i l d i n g s h a s b e e nfurther increased from 40 to 50 percent.Provision has been included for signposting of loads on floors in view ofthe different loadings specified. fordifferent occupancies and to avoid possi-ble misuse in view of conversion ofoccupancies.The value of loads on parapets andbalustrades have been revised with itseffect taken both in the horizontal andvertical directions.In the design of dwelling units plannedand executed in accordance withIS an imposed load of

is allowed. Units have been used in the Code.

0.3.3 The buildings and structural systems shallprovide such structural integrity that the hazardsassociated with progressive collapse such as thatdue to local failure caused by severe overloads orabnormal loads not specifically covered thereinare reduced to a level consistent with goodengineering practice.

0.3.4 Whenever buildings are designed for futureadditions of floor at a later date, the number ofstoreys for which columns/walls, foundations, etc,have been structurally designed may be posted ina conspicuous place similar to posting of floorcapacities and both could be placed together.0.4 The Sectional Committee responsible for thepreparation of this Code has taken into account- -

*Guide for requirements of low income housing.

IS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

the prevailing practices in regard to loadingstandards followed in this country by the variousmunicipal authorities and has also taken note ofthe developments in a number of countries abroad.In the preparation of this Code, the followingnational standards have been examined

a) BS 6399 Part 1 1984 Design Loading forBuildings Part I: Code of Practice forDead and Imposed Loads. British Stand-ards Institution.

b) AS 1170, Part 1-1983 SAA LoadingCode, Part I Dead and Live Loads.Australian Standards Institution.

c) NZS 4203-1976 New Zealand StandardGeneral Structural Design and DesignLoading for Building. Standards Associa-tion of New Zealand.

d) ANSI. A 58.1 StandardBuilding Code Requirements for MinimumDesign Loads in Buildings and OtherStructures.

National Building Code of Canada ( 1977 )Supplement No. 4. Canadian StructuralDesign Manual.

DIN 1055 Sheet 3 1971 Design Loadsfor Buildings Live Load ( West GermanLoading Standards IS0 2103-1986 Loads due to use andoccupancy in residential and public build-ings.IS0 Determination of Impos-ed Floor Loads in Production Buildingsand Warehouses. lnternational Organiza-tion for Standardization.

SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part 2) covers imposed loads*( live loads to be assumed in the design of build-ings. The imposed specified herein, areminimum loads which should be taken into con-sideration for the purpose of structural safety ofbuildings.1.2 This Code does not cover detailed provisionsfor loads incidental to construction and specialcases of vibration, such as moving machinery,heavy acceleration from cranes, hoists and thelike. Such loads shall be dealt with individuallyin each case.

2. TERMINOLOGY2.0 For the purpose of this Code, the followingdefinitions shall apply.

*The word ‘imposed load’ is used through out insteadof ‘live load’ which is synonymous.

2.1 Imposed Load The load assumed to beproduced by the intended use or occupancy of abuilding, the weight of movable parti-tions, distributed, concentrated loads, load dueto impact and vibration, and dust load but ex-cluding wind, seismic, snow and other loads dueto temperature changes, creep, shrinkage, differ-ential settlement, etc.2.2 Occupancy or Use Group The principaloccupancy for which a building or part of a build-ing is used or intended to be used; for the pur-pose of classification of a building according tooccupancy, an occupancy shall be deemed toinclude subsidiary occupancies which are contin-gent upon it. The occupancy classification isgiven from 2.2.1 to 2.2.8.

2.2.1 Assembly Buildings These shall includeany building or part of a building where groupsof people congregate or gather for amusement,recreation, social, religious, patriotic, Civil, traveland similar purposes, for example, theatres,motion picture houses, assembly halls, city halls,

5



IS 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

marriage halls, town halls, auditoria, exhibitionhalls, museums, skating rinks, gymnasiums,restaurants ( also used as assembly halls placesof worship, dance halls, club rooms, passengerstations and terminals of air, surface and otherpublic transportation services, recreation piersand stadia, etc.

2.2.2 Business Buildings These shall includeany building or part of a building, which is used fortransaction of business ( other than that coveredby 2.2.6 ); for the keeping of accounts and recordsfor similar purposes; offices, banks, professionalestablishments, court houses, and libraries shallbe classified in this group so far as principal func-tion of these is transaction of public businessand the keeping of books and records.

2.2.2.1 buildings The buildingsprimarily to be used as an office or for office pur-poses; ‘office purposes’ include the purpose ofadministration, clerical work, handling money,telephone and telegraph operating and operatingcomputers, calculating machines; ‘clerical work’includes writing, book-keeping, sorting papers,typing, filing, duplicating, punching cards ortapes, drawing of matter for publication and theeditorial preparation of matter for publication.

2.2.3 Educational Buildings These shallinclude any building used for school, college orday-care purposes involving assembly for instruc-tion, education or recreation and which is notcovered by 2.2.1.

2.2.4 Industrial Buildings These shall includeany building or a part of a building or structure inwhich products or materials of various kinds andproperties are fabricated, assembled or processedlike assembly plants, power plants, refineries, gas

mills, dairies, factories, workshops, etc.

2.2.5 Institutional Buildings These shall includeany building or a part thereof, which forpurposes, such as medical or other treatment incase of persons suffering from physical and mentalillness, disease or infirmity; care of infants, con-valescents of aged persons and for penal or cor-rectional detention in which the liberty of theinmates is restricted. Institutional buildingsordinarily provide’ sleeping accommodation forthe occupants. It includes hospitals, sanitoria,custodial institutions or penal institutions likejails, prisons and reformatories.

2.2.6 Mercantile Buildings -These shall includeany building or a part of a building which is usedas shops, stores, market for display and sale ofmerchandise either wholesale or retail. Office,storage and service facilities incidental to the saleof merchandise and located in the same buildingshall be included under this group.

Residential Buildings These shall includeany building in which sleeping accommodation is

provided for normal residential purposes with orwithout cooking or dining or both facilities( except buildings under 2.2.5). It includes one

multi-family dwellings, apartment houses lodging or rooming houses, restaurants,

hostels, dormitories and residential hotels.

2.2.7.1 Dwellings These shall include anybuilding or. occupied by members of single/multi-family units with independent cookingfacilities. These shall also include apartmenthouses ( flats

2.2.8 Storage Buildings These shall includeany building or part of a building used primarilyfor the storage or sheltering of goods, wares or

like warehouses, cold storages,freight depots, transity sheds, store houses, gara-ges, hangers, truck terminals, grain elevators,barns and stables.

3. IMPOSED LOADS ON FLOORS DUE TOUSE AND OCCUPANCY

3.1 Imposed Loads The imposed loads to beassumed in the design of buildings shall be thegreatest loads that probably will be produced bythe intended use or occupancy, but shall not beless than the equivalent minimum loads specifiedin Table 1 subject to any reductions permittedby 3.2.

Floors shall be investigated for both theuniformly distributed load ( UDL ) and the cor-responding concentrated load specified in Table 1and designed For the most adverse effects butthey shall not be considered to act simultaneously.The concentrated loads specified in Table 1 maybe assumed to act over an area of x m.However, the concentra ted loads need notbe considered where the floors are capable ofeffective lateral distribution of this load.

All other structural elements shall be investi-gated for the effects of uniformly distributed loadson the floors specified in Table 1.

ÒÑÌÛ 1 Where in Table 1, no values are given forconcentrated load, it may be assumed that the tabula-ted distributed load is adequate for design purposes.

ÒÑÌÛ 2 The loads specified in Table are equiva-lent uniformly distributed loads on the plan area andprovide for normal effect of impact and acceleration.They do not take into consideration special concentra-ted loads and other loads.

ÒÑÌÛ 3 Where the use of an area or floor is notprovided in Table 1, the imposed load due to the useand occupancy of such an area shall be determinedfrom the analysis of loads resulting from:

weight of the probable assembly of persons;weight of the probable accumulation of equipmentand furnishing;weight of the probable storage materials; andimpact factor, if any.

6



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øÝ´¿«» íòïô íòïòï ¿²¼ìòïòï

SLNo.

ÝÔßÍÍ×Ú×ÝßÌ×ÑÒ

( 2 )

UNIFORMLY

LOAD ( UDL )

( 3 )

i ) RESIDENTIAL

a) Dwelling houses:1) All rooms and kitchens2) Toilet and bath rooms

3) Corridors, passages, staircasesincluding tire escapes and storerooms

2’0

ìòë

4) Balconies 3.0

b) Dwelling units planned and cd in accordance with IS :

only:Habitable rooms, kitchens,

toi let and 2) Corridors, passages and stair-

cases including fire escapes3) Balconies

Hotels, hostels, boarding houses,lodging houses, dormitories,residential clubs:

3)

4)

6)

Living rooms, bed rooms anddormitoriesKitchens and laundriesBilliards room and public

Store roomsDining rooms, cafeterias andrestaurants

roomsRooms for indoor gamesBaths toiletsCorridors, passages, staircasesincluding fire escapes, lobbies-- as per the floor serviced( excluding stores and the like )but not less than

Balconies

d) Boiler rooms and plant rooms tobe but not than

2’0

4.52.7

2.5 2.7ïòè

2’03’0

CONCENTRATEDLOAD

( 4 )

per metre run concen-trated at the outer edge

ï�ì


4.5

Same as rooms to whichthey give access but witha minimum of

per metre run trated at the outer edge

5’0 6.7

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IS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

ÚÔÑÑÎ ÔÑßÜÍ ÚÑÎ Ü×ÚÚÛÎÛÒÌ ÑÝÝËÐßÒÝ×ÛÍ

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION CONCENTRATEDNo. LOAD

LOAD ( UDL )

e) Garages:Garage floors ( including ing area and repair workshops )for passenger cars and vehiclesnot exceeding tonnes grossweight, including access waysand ramps to be calculatedbut not less thanGarage floors for vehicles notexceeding tonnes grossweight ( including access waysand ramps ) to be calculatedbut not less than

5’0

ii) EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGSClass rooms and lecture rooms( not used for assembly purposes )Dining rooms, cafeterias andrestaurantsOffices, lounges and staff rooms

Dormitories

Projection roomsKitchens

Toilets and bathroomsStore roomsLibraries and archives:

1) Stack room/stack area

2) Reading rooms ( without sepa-rate storage )

3) Reading rooms ( with separatestorage

Boiler rooms and plant rooms tobe calculated but not less thanCorridors, passages, lobbies, stair-cases including fire escapes as perthe floor serviced ( without account-ing for storage and projectionrooms ) but not less thanBalconies

3’0

2.5 2.7

2.75’0

4.5

for a minimumheight of m

per metre heightbeyond m

4’0

4.5

4.5

4’5

4.5


per metre run trated at the outer edge

iii) INSTITUTIONAL a) Bed rooms, wards, dressing rooms,

dormitories and lounges

b) Kitchens, laundries and tories

2’0 1.8

4 5

( Continued )

8



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OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONNo.

( 2 )

c) Dining rooms, cafeterias andrestaurants

Toilets and bathroomse) X-ray rooms, operating rooms,

general storage areas -to be cal-culated but not less than

f) Office rooms and OPD roomsg) Corridors, passages, lobbies and

staircases including fire escapes as per the floor serviced but not lessthan

h) Boiler rooms and plant rooms tobe calculated but not less than

j) Balconies

iv) ASSEMBLY BUILDINGSa) Assembly areas:

1) with fixed 2) without fixed seats

b) Restaurants ( subject to assembly museums and art galleries andgymnasia

c) Projection roomsd) Stages

Office rooms, kitchens and laundriesf) Dressing roomsg) Lounges and billiards rooms

Toilets and bathroomsj) Corridors, passages, staircases

including fire escapesk) Balconies

m) Boiler rooms and plant roomsincluding weight of machinery

Corridors, passages subject to loadsgreater than from crowds, such aswheeled vehicles, trolleys and thelike. Corridors, staircases and pas-sages in grandstands

CONCENTRATEDDISTRIBUTED

LOAD ( UDL )

( 3 )

3’0

2’54’0

LOAD

( 4 )

4’5

2’7

4.5

Same as the rooms towhich they give access butwith a minimum of

1’5 per metre run trated at the outer edge

4’05’0

3’02’0

4’0

Same as rooms to whichthey give access but witha of

7’5

3.6

4.5

4.5

2.7

4.5


4’5

4.5

v) BUSINESS AND OFFICE BUILDINGS ( see 3.1.2 )

a) Rooms for general use with separate 2’5storage

b) Rooms separate storage 4.5

Continued )

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×Í æ èéë ø Ð¿®¬ î ÷ ïçèé

TABLE 1 IMPOSED FLOOR LOADS FOR DIFFERENT OCCUPANCIES

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION CONCENTRATEDNo. DISTRIBUTED LOAD

LOAD ( UDL

( 3 ) ( 4 )

c) Banking halls 3’0 2.7d) Business computing machine rooms

( with fixed computers or similarequipment

e) Records/files store rooms andstorage space

3’5 4.5

5’0 4.5

f) Vaults and strong room to becalculated but not less than

5’0 4.5

g) Cafeterias and dining rooms

h) Kitchensj) Corridors, passages, lobbies and

staircases including fire escapes asper the floor serviced (excludingstores ) but not less than

k) Bath and toilet rooms Balconies

2.7

4.5



n) Stationary stores

p) Boiler rooms and plant rooms tobe calculated but not less than

q) Libraries

vi) MERCANTILE BUILDINGSa) Retail shopsb) Wholesale shops to be calculated

but not less thanc) Office rooms

d) Dining rooms, restaurants and cafe-terias

e) Toilets

f) Kitchens and laundries

g) Boiler roooms and plant rooms to be calculated but not less than

h) Corridors, passages, staircasesincluding fire escapes and lobbies

j) Corridors, passages, staircases sub-ject to loads greater than fromcrowds, such as wheeled vehicles,trolleys and the like

k) Balconies

for each metre ofstorage height

see No. ii )

2’5

3’0

2’7

2.7

4’5

6.7





IS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

TABLE 1 IMPOSED FLOOR LOADS FOR DIFFERENT OCCUPANCIES Contd

O CCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONNo.

( 2 )

vii) INDUSTRIAL

Work areas without machinery/equipmentWork areas with machinery/equip-ments

1) Light duty To be 2) Medium duty ted but not3) Heavy duty J less than

Boiler rooms and plant rooms tobe calculated but not less than

and dining rooms

Corridors, passages and staircasesincluding fire escapes

Corridors, passages, staircases sub-ject to machine loads, wheeledvehicles be calculated but notless than

KitchensToilets and bathrooms

viii) STORAGE BUILDINGS

Storage rooms ( other than co ldstorage ) warehouses to be calcu-lated based on the bulk density ofmaterials stored but not less than

Cold storage -- to be calculatedbut not less than

Corridors, passages and staircasesincluding fire escapes as per thefloor serviced but not less than

Corridors, passages subject to loadsgreater than from crowds, such aswheeled vehicles, trolleys and thelike

Boiler rooms and plant rooms

UNIFORMLY

( UDL )

( 3 ) ( 4 )

2.5

10.0

2’0

CONCENTRATEDLOAD

4.5

4.54.5

6.7

4.5

per eachmetre of storage heightwith a minimum of

per eachmetre of storage heightwi th a minimum of15

4.5

4.5

*Guide for requirements of low income housing. unrestricted assembly of persons is anticipated, the value of UDL should be increased to

fixed seats’ implies that the removal of the seating and the use of the space for other purposes isimprobable. The maximum likely load in this case is, therefore, closely controlled.

loading in industrial buildings ( workshops and factories ) varies considerably and SO three loadingsunder the terms ‘light’, ‘medium’ and ‘heavy’ are introduced in order to allow for more economical designs butthe terms have no special meaning in themselves other than the imposed load for which the relevant floor is design-ed. It is, however, important particularly in the case of heavy weight loads, to assess the actual loads to ensurethat they are not in excess of 10 in case where they are in excess, the design shall be based on the actualloadings.

various mechanical handling equipment which are used to transport goods, as in warehouses, workshops,store rooms, etc, the actual load coming from the use of such equipment shall be as-ertained and design shouldcater to such loads.

ïï



IS : 875 ( Part 2 )

NOTE 4 While selecting a particular loading, thepossible change in use or occupancy of the buildingshould be kept in view. Designers should not neces-sarily select in every case the lower loading appropriateto the first occupancy. In doing this, they might intro-duce considerable restrictions in the use of the build-ing at a later date and thereby reduce its utility.

N OTE 5 The loads specified herein which arebased on estimations, may be considered as thecharacteristic loads for the purpose of limit statemethod of design till such time statistical data areestablished based on load surveys to be conducted inthe country.

N OTE 6 When an existing building is altered by extension in height or area, all existing structural

parts affected by the addition shall be strengthened,where necessary, and all new structural parts shall bedesigned to meet the requirements for building there-after erected.

NOTE 7 The loads specified in the Code does notinclude loads incidental to construction. Therefore,close supervision during construction is essential to

that overloading of the building due to loadsby way of stacking of building materials or use ofequipment ( for example, cranes and trucks ) duringconstruction or loads which may be induced by floor tofloor propping in multi-storeyed construction. does notoccur. However: if construction loads were of shortduration, increase in stresses in the case ofworking method or permissible decrease in loadfactors in limit state method, as applicable to relevantdesign codes, may be allowed for.

NOTE 8 The loads in Table 1 are grouped togetheras applicable to buildings having separate principaloccupancy or use. For a building with multiple occu-pancies, the loads appropriate to the occupancy withcomparable use shall be chosen from other occupancies.

ÒÑÌÛ 9 -- Regarding loading on machine rooms storage space used for repairing lift

machines, designers should go by the recommendationsof lift manufacturers for the present. Regarding theloading due to false ceiling the same should be con-sidered as an imposed load on the roof/floor to whichit is fixed.

Load Application The uniformly distri-buted loads specified in shall be appliedas static loads over the entire floor area underconsideration or a portion of the area which-ever arrangement produces critical effects on thestructural elements as provided in respectivedesign codes.

In the design of floors, the concentrated loadsare considered to be applied in the positions whichproduce the maximum stresses and where deflec-tion is the main criterion, in the positions whichproduce the maximum deflections Concentratedload, when used for the calculation of bending andshear are assumed to act at a point. When usedfor the calculation of local effects, such as crush-ing or punching, they are assumed to act over anactual area of application of x m.

3.1.2 Loads Due to Light Partitions In officeand other buildings where actual loads due tolight partitions cannot be assessed at the time ofplanning, the floors and the supporting structuralmembers shall be designed to carry, in addition toother loads, a uniformly distributed load persquare metre of not less than 339 percent of

weight per metre run of finished partitions,subject to a minimum of 1 provided totalweight of partition walls per square metre of thewall area does not exceed and thetotal weight per metre length is not greater than

3.2 Reduction in Imposed Loads on Floors3.2.1 For Floor Supporting Members

Except as provided for 3.2.1.1, the followingreductions in assumed total imposed loads onfloors may be made in designing columns, loadbearing walls, piers, their supports and founda-tions.

Number of Floors Reduction in Totaling the Roof) to be Carried Distributed Imposed

by Member under Load on all Floors toConsideration be Carried by the

Member underConsideration

( Percent )

2345 10Over 10

0

20304050

3.2.1.1 NO reduction shall be made for anyplant or machinery which is specifically allowedfor, or in buildings for storage purposes, ware-houses and garages. However, for other buildingswhere the floor is designed for an imposed floorload of or more, the reductions shownin 3.2.1 may be taken, provided that the loadingassumed is not less than it would have been if allthe floors had been designed for withno reductions.

Ò ÑÌÛ case if the reduced load in the lowerfloor is lesser than the reduced load in the upper floor,then the reduced load of the upper floor will beadopted.

3.2.1.2 An example is given in Appendix Aillustrating the reduction of imposed loads in amulti-storeyed building in the design of columnmembers.

3.2.2 For Reams in Each Floor Level Wherea single span of beam, girder or truss supportsnot less than 50 of floor at one general level,the imposed floor load may be reduced in thedesign of the beams, girders or trusses by 5 per-cent for each 50 area supported subject to amaximum reduction of 25 percent. However, noreduction shall be made in any of the followingtypes of loads:

a) Any superimposed moving load,

12



IS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

Any actual load due to machinery orsimilar concentrated loads,The additional load in respect of partitionwalls, and

Any impact or vibration.NOTE The above reduction does not apply to

beams, girders or trusses supporting roof loads.3.3 Posting of Floor Capacities Where a or part of a floor of a building has been designedto sustain a uniformly distributed load exceeding

and in assembly, business, mercantile,industrial or storage buildmgs, a permanent noticein the form as shown in the label, indicatingthe actual uniformly distributed and/or concentrat-ed loadings for which the floor has been structu-rally designed shall be posted in a conspicuous

in a position adjacent to such floor or onsuch part of a floor.

DESIGNED IMPOSED FLOOR LOADING

DISTRIBUTED.

CONCENTRATED,

INDICATING D ESIGNED IMPOSED FLO O RLOADING

NOTE The lettering of such notice shall beembossed or cast suitably on a tablet whose leastdimension shall be not less than m and located notless than m above floor level with lettering of aminimum size of 25 mm.

NOTE 2 If a concentrated load or a bulk load hasto occupy a definite position on the floor, the samecould also be indicated in the label above.

4. IMPOSED LOADS ON ROOFS4.1 Imposed Loads on Various Types of Roofs On flat roofs, sloping roofs and curved roofs, theimposed loads due to use or occupancy of thebuildings and the geometry of the types of roofsshall be as given in Table 2.

4.1.1 Roofs of buildings used for promenade or to assembly purposes shall be designed

for the appropriate imposed floor loads given Table 1 for the occupancy.4.2 Concentrated Load on Roof Coverings Toprovide for loads Incidental to maintenance, unlessotherwise, specified by the Engineer-in-Charge, allroof coverings ( other than glass or transparentsheets made of fibre glass shall be capable ofcarrying an incidental load of concen-trated on an area of 12.5 cm* so placed as to

maximum stresses in the covering, Theintensity of the concentrated load may be reducedwith the approval of the Engineer-in-Charge,

where it is ensured that the roof coverings wouldnot be without suitable aids. In anycase, the roof coverings shall be capable of carry-ing the loads in accordance with 4.4 andsnow load/wind load.

4.3 Loads Doe to Rain On surfaces whose posi-tioning, shape and drainage systems are such as tomake accumulation of rain water possible! loadsdue to such accumulation of water and the ed loads for the roof as given in Table 2 shall beconsidered separately and the more critical of thetwo shall be adopted in the design.4.4 Dust Load Jn areas prone to settlementof dust on roofs ( example, steel plants, cementplants provision for dust load equivalent toprobable thickness of accumulation of dust maybe made.4.5 Loads on Members Supporting Roof Cover-ings Every member of the supportingstructure which is directly supporting the roofcovering(s) shall be designed to carry the moresevere of the following loads except as providedin 4.5.1

a) The load transmitted to the membersfrom the roof covering(s) in accordancewith 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4; and

b) An incidental concentrated load of concentrated over a length of cm

placed at the most unfavourable positionson the member.

NOTE Where it is ensured that the roofs would betraversed only with the aid of planks and ladders cap-able of distributing the loads on them to or moresupporting members, the intensity of concentratedload indicated in may be reduced to withthe approval of the Engineer-in-Charge.

4.5.1 In case of sloping roofs with slope greaterthan members supporting the roof such as trusses, beams, girders, etc, may be desig-ned for two-thirds of the imposed load on or roofing sheets.

5. IMPOSED HORIZONTAL LOADS ONPARAPETS AND BALUSTRADES

5.1 Parapets, Parapet Walls and Balustrades Parapets, parapet walls and balustrades togetherwith the members which give them structuralsupport shall be designed for the minimum loadsgiven in Table 3. These are expressed as horizon-tal forces acting at handrail or coping level. Theseloads shall be considered to act vertically also but

simultaneously with the horizontal forces.The values given in Table 3 are minimum valuesand where values for actual loadings are available,they shall be used instead.5.2 Grandstands and the Like-Grandstands,stadia, assembly platforms, reviewing stands andthe like shall be designed to resist a horizontalforce applied to seats of per linear metre

13



IS 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

along the line of seats and per linearmetre perpendicular to the line of the seats.These loadings need not be applied simultaneously.Platforms without seats shall be designed to resista minimum horizontal force of ofplan area.

6. LOADING EFFECTS DUE TO IMPACTAND VIBRATION

6.0 The crane loads to be considered under impos-ed loads shall include the vertical loads, eccentri-city effects induced by vertical loads, impact

factors, lateralacting acrossrespectively.

and longitudinal braking forcesand along the crane rails

6.1 Impact Allowance for Lifts, Hoists and Machi-nery The imposed loads specified in 3.1 shall beassumed to include adequate allowance for ordi-nary impact conditions. However, for structurescarrying loads which induce impact or vibration,as far as possible, calculations shall be made forincrease in the imposed load, due to impact orvibration. In the absence of sufficient data for

ÌßÞÔÛ î ×ÓÐÑÍÛÜ ÔÑßÜÍ ÑÒ ÊßÎ×ÑËÍ ÌÇÐÛÍ ÑÚ ÎÑÑÚÍ

TYPE OF ROOFNo.

(1) (2)i) Flat, sloping or curved roof

slopes up to and includ-ing 10 degreesa) Access provided

ø ìòï

UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTEDIMPOSED LOAD MEASUKED

ON PLAN AREA

(3)

b) Access not providedexcept for maintenance

ii) Sloping roof with slope greaterthan 10 degrees

iii) Curved roof with slope of lineobtained by joining spring-ing point to the crown withthe horizontal, greater than10 degrees

For roof membrane sheets or l es s

for every degree increase in slopeover 10 degrees

( )

y = the height of the highest

point of the structuremeasured from its spring-ing; and

I = width of the roofsingly curved and

shorter of the two sidesif doubly curved

Alternatively, where structuralanalysis can be carried out forcurved roofs of all slopes in asimple manner applying the lawsof statistics, the curved roof shallbe divided into minimum 6 equalsegments and for each segmentimposed load shall be calculatedappropriate to the slope of thechord of each segment as given in( i ) ( ii ) above

M INIMUM IMPOSED LOADMEASURED ON PLAN

(4)

3.75 uniformly distributedover any span of one metrewidth of the roof slab and 9 uniformly distributed over thespan of any beam or truss orwall

uniformly dis tr ibutedover any span of one metrewidth of the roof slab and

uniformly distributed over span of any beam or truss

or wall

Subject to a m i n i m um o f

Subject to a minimum of

NOTE The loads given above do not include loads due to snow, rain, dust collection, etc. The roof shallbe designed for imposed loads given above or for snow/rain load, whichever is greater.

NOTE 2 For special types of roofs with highly permeable and absorbent material, the contingency of roofmaterial increasing in weight due to absorption of moisture shall be provided for.

14



IS 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

TABLE 3 HORIZONTAL LOADS ON PARAPETS, PARAPET WALLS AND BALUSTRADES

( 5.1

No.ËÍßÙÛ ßÎ Û ß INTENSITY OF HORIZONTAL

LOAD, RUN

Light access stairs-gangways and the like notmore than 600 mm wide

0.25

ii) Light access stairs. and thelike, more than 600 mm wide: stairways,landings, balconies and parapet walls( private and part of dwellings

0.35

iii) All other stairways, landings and balco-nies, and all parapets and handrails toroofs except those subject to overcrow-ding covered under iv )

iv) Parapets and balustrades in place ofassembly, such as theatres, cinemas,churches, schools, places of entertain-ment. sports, buildings likely to be over-crowded

2’25

In the case of guard parapets on a floor of multi-storeyed car park or crash barriers provided incertain buildings for fire escape, the value of imposed horizontal load ( together with impact load ) may bedetermined.

such calculation, the increase in the imposed loads 6.2 Concentrated Loads with andshall be as follows:

Structures

For frames supporting liftsand hoists

For foundations, footingsand piers supporting liftsand hoisting apparatus

For supporting structuresand foundations for lightmachinery, shaft or motorunits

For supporting structuresand foundations for reci-procating machinery orpower units

ImpactAllowance

Min100

40 percent

Vibration Concentrated imposed loads withimpact and vibration which may be due to instal-led machinery shall be considered and providedfor in the design. The impact factor shall not beless than 20 percent which is the amount allow-able for light machinery.

20 percent

50 percent

6.2.1 Provision shall also be made for carryingany concentrated equipment loads theequipment is being installed or moved for

and repairing.

6.3 Impact Allowances for Crane Girders Forcrane gantry girders and supporting columns, thefollowing allowances shall be deemed to cover allforces set up by vibration, shock from slipping orslings, kinetic action of acceleration, and retarda-tion and impact of wheel loads

Type of Load Additional Load

a) Vertical loads for electric overhead cranes 25 percent of maximum static loads forcrane girders for all classes of cranes

25 percent for columns supporting Class and Class IV cranes

10 percent for columns supporting Class Iand Class II cranes

No additional load for design of founda-tions

b) Vertical loads for hand operated cranes 10 percent of maximum wheel loads forcrane girders only

(Continued)

15



IS rart

c) Horizontal forces transverse to rails:

1) For electric overhead cranes withtrolley having rigid mast for suspen-sion of lifted weight ( such as soakercrane, stripper crane, etc

2) For all other electric overhead cranesand hand operated cranes

d) Horizontal traction forces along therails for overhead cranes, either electri-cally operated or hand operated

-10 pe rcent of weight of cr ab and theweight lifted by the cranes, acting on anyone crane track rail. acting in either direc-tion and equally distributed amongst allthe wheels on one side of rail track

For frame analysis this force shall beapplied on one side of the frame at a timein either direction

-5 percent of weight of crab and the weightlifted by the cranes, acting on anyonecrane track rail, acting in either directionand equally distributed amongst thewheels on one side of rail track

For the frame analysis, this force shall beapplied on one side of the frame at a timein either direction

-5 percent of all static wheel loads

Forces specified in ( c and ( d shall beconsidered as acting at the rail level and beingappropriately transmitted to the supporting sys-tem. Gantry girders and their vertical supportsshall be designed on the assumption that either ofthe horizontal forces in ( c ) and ( d ) may act atthe same time as the vertical load.

NOTE-&e IS : for classification1 to 4 ) of cranes.

6.3.1 Overloading Factors in Crane SupportingFor all ladle cranes and charging

cranes, where there is possibility of overloadingfrom production considerations, an overloadingfactor of 10 percent of the maximum wheel load-ing shall be taken.

6.4 Crane Load Combinations In the absenceof any specific indications, the load shall be as indicated in the following sub-clauses.

6.4.1 Vertical Loads In an aisle, where morethan one crane is in operation or has provisionfor more than one crane in future, the followingload combinations shall be taken for verticalloading:

Two adjacent cranes working in tandemwi th f ul l l oad and wit h according to a andFor long span gantries, where more thanone crane can come in the span, the girdershall be designed for crane fully loadedwith overloading according to 6.3(a)plus as many loaded cranes as can be

*Code of practice for design, manufacture, erectionand testing ( structural portion of cranes and hoists(first revision

accommodated on the span but withouttaking into account overloading accordingto a ) to give the maximum effect.

6.4.2 Lateral Surge For design of columnsand foundations, supporting crane girders, thefollowing crane combinations shall be considered:

6.4.3

For single-bay frames Effect of onecrane in the bay giving the worst effectshall be considered for calculation of surgeforce, and

For multi-bay frames Effect of twocranes working one each in any of twobays in the cross-section to give the worsteffect shall be considered calculationof surge force.

Tractive Force

6.4.3.1 Where one crane is in operation withno provision for future crane, tractive force fromonly one crane shall be taken

6.4.3.2 Where more than one crane is inoperation or there is provision for future crane,tractive force from two cranes giving maximumeffect shall considered.

NOTE Lateral surge force and longitudinal tive force actingacross and along the crane rail respec-tively, shall not be assumed to act simultaneously.However, if there is only one crane in the bay, thelateral and longitudinal forces may act together simul-taneously with vertical loads.

7. OTHER LOADS7.1 Dead Load Dead load includes the weightof all permanent components of a building includ-ing columns, floors, roofs, finishes

16



and fixed permanent equipment and fittings thatare an integral part of the structure. Unit weightof building materials shall be in accordance withIS 875 ( Part 1 )-1988:

7.2 É·²¼ Ô±¿¼ óó The wind load on buildings/structures shall be in accordance with IS ( Part 3 7.3 Seismic load on buildings/structures , in accordance with

IS :

7.4 Í²±© Load Snow loading on buildingsshall be in accordance with IS 875 ( Part 4 988.7.1 Special Ô±¿¼ ¿²¼ Ô±¿¼ Special loads and load combinations shall be inaccordance with 875 Part 5 )-1988.

*Criteria for resistant design of structures revision

ß Ð Ð Û Ò Ü × È ß

Clause íòîòïòî

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE SMOWING REDUCTION OF UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTEDIMPOSED FLOOR LOADS IN MULTI-STOREYED FOR DESIGN

OF COLUMNS

A-l. ‘I he total imposed loads from different floorlevels ( including the roof) coming on the central

Floor loads exceed

column of a multi-storeved building with mixedoccupancy ) is shown Fig. I. Calculate the

A-l.1 Applying reduction coefficients in dance with 3.2.1, total reduced floor loads on the

reduced imposed load for the design of column column at different levels is indicated along withmembers at different floor levels as given in 3.2.1. Fig. 1.



Floor Actual FloorNo. from Load Coming on

Top Columns at DifferentFloors,

Loads for which Columns are to beDesigned,

( 30 + 40 50 ) (1 ) = 96

( + 50 50 0 4 ) =

+ 40 + 50 + 50 + 45 50 ) l -0 . 4 ) =

( 30 + 50 50 + 45 50 i -- = 213

30 50 + 50 + 40 + 45 + 50 + 50 40 ( 1 ) 237

( 30 + + 50 50 + 45 50 + + 40 40 ) ( 1 261

261 adopt for design

( l - 0 5 ) = 2 6 5

30 + + 50 + 50 + 40 + 45 + 50 +

( 30 + 40 50 50 + 40 + 45 50 5040 40 55 + 55 70 )

( 1 = 327.5

( 30 + 50 50 + 40 + 45 + 50

( 1 ) 367’5

ÔÑßÜ×ÒÙ Ü ÛÌ ß× ÔÍ

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Documents

IS : 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987 (Reaffirmed 1997) Indian Standard ... · Part Dead loads Part 2 Imposed loads Part 3 Wind loads Part 4 Snow loads Part Special loads and load combinations