28
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. इंटरनेट मानक !ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-णSatyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफJawaharlal Nehru “Step Out From the Old to the New” जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकारMazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” !ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह Bharthari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and Wall Tiles [CED 5: Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing]

IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

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Page 1: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring andWall Tiles [CED 5: Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing]

Page 2: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer
Page 3: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer
Page 4: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

( Reaffirmed 2006 )

IS : 3464 - 1986

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR

,

PLASTIC FLOORING AND WALL TILES

( Second Revision )

Cop right 1986

INDIAN S T A N D A R D S INSTITUTIONBHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

110002

October 1986

MANAK

NEW DELHI

Page 5: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

D. R..K. JA 11f ( AI,.,,,.,, )SOlO. P. RATBASOl J. K. K. SJKQBAlnA.

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR

PLASTIC FLOORING AND WALL TILES

(Second Revision)

Flooring and Plastering Sectional Committee, BDC ,

ClatJirmaSUBI o. P. MITTAL

8..252, PauebsUa ParkNew Deihl

Mllftbns R./W'Jlftti",SB1\1 S. K. BA...".. Nadonal Tat House. Calcutta

SJlBt D. K. KANUNGO ( .AllmJtJII )SBaI DrNUB A. CHOKBHI Arcoy Industries. Ahmadabad

SJlBI MOKAL D. CHOK8BJ ( AI,.,,..,. )SKILl J. A. D.' C08TA IDdian lnatitute of Architects, Bombay

SHaJS. B. SBIROJIAJfY ( Ifll.",.,. ) .DUUTY DIBBOT ( ABOR ) Ministry or Railway. ( R.ailway Board )

DRUTYB DIOllBcrOB ( B&S ) I ( AltmuJU)DIBBCToJ& M.haruhua Engineerinl Research Institute. Naaik

IlBnABOJl OJ'I'ICD ( AI,,,.,, )SaRI K. V. Gt1BUIW.AJI"I' IDdian Oil CorporatioD Ltd, New Delhi

SUBI G. V. PA1IGABKAB ( .AlImItJU )DB V. S. GtTPTA The Fertilizer ( PJannio, ar. Development) India

Ltd, SindriBaJo D. R. KATBVRJA The Iaatitution of ED,ineen ( India ), CalcuttaSimI S. C. KAPOOR Modera Tile. & MarbJe, New Delhi

SHBI A. C. KUOOB ( AI,.".." )8BBI K. E. S. MANI Bhor Iaduatrl.. Ltd, Bombay

SBBI R.AlldS D. PATEL ( Alima.,,)Smu M. V. MUBtJOAP'Alf CoromaDdeJ Prodorite pyt Ltd, Madras

SUBI R..SRDnVA8" ( AI,.,..,,)DB MORA. RAJ Central BuiJdilll R"earch Imtirute (CSIR),

Roorkee

National Duildin•• O....nizatioD, New DelhiEnaineer-in-Cbief'. Branch ( Miniitry or De(nce),

Army Headquanen, New DelhiMAl S. P. SJlABJIA ( AltmuJU )

( CtnlliIwMI ON ,." 2 )

C> C~1II 1986INDIAN STANDAllDS INSTITUTION

Tbb pubJieatloD b protected under tbe 1..... CoJl1rilJat A" (XIV or 19~7) aDdrepraducdoa Ie whole or iD part by aDy ."111 eKeept wJth written ~i.IOD or til.pubJiIber abaIl be deemed to be aD lDlrlDpmeDt of copyrilht under tbe lAid ACI.

Page 6: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

( CMli"fIItlJr.. ,." I )Mnni",

SO?aBmTJDfDJXO ElfOJ""

III 3464 • 1188

1lI/W',l1Ilitt,PubJJc Worb Department, GovenuneDt 01 TamJI

Nadu, MadraEulotrrlv. bOIIfDB ( AlImuJI,)

StrnBDr'l'JIXDDfG SUBVD'OB o. Central Public Works Depanmeat, New DelhiWORD (CZ)

StTRVftOB 0 .. WORK' ( CZ) ( At""..,.)5BBI P. N. TALlYA. Builder'. AIIociatioD olIDdia, Bombay801 G. RAIIAN, Director GeDeral, lSI ( SM--JiM MImbn)

Director ( Cly EDd )

s.r".~

SBBI A. K. AVA.TRYDeputy Director ( elY Ella ), lSI

Linoleum, Rubber and PVC Subcommittee, DDC 5 : 3

CottNn"DB S. P. MAlnX MiDlatryor Railway., Luclmow

M,mHr,8H.I A. Alos IBM World Trade CorporatioD, New Delhi

SOl R. G. IYBlfGAB ( .,41,,,....,. )SBRt M. BAlOBJ.. National R.ubber ManuCacturen Ltd, Calcutta

SBBI J. CSATTEBlU ( AI",,,.,.)SIIBI G. R.. IJrAIIDAB Directorate General Q( Technical Development,

New DeihlSS.I J, M. GABG (.,41,,,...,,)

SBBI J. D. JOIBI Premier AutomobU. Ltd, BombaySJOlI A. T. MATBYOO Rubber Board, TraV&llcor.SB.I N. M. RAItT Hindustan Moton Ltd, HOOCh1ySBBI B. Roy Eut India Rubber Woru Pvt Ltd, CalcuttaSRBI M. O. VIBliAlfI En~Deer-iD-chier·.Branch ( Ministry or neCence ),

Army Hadquarten. New Delhi

2

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· 18 I 3464 • 1_Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FORPLASTIC FLOORING AND WALL TILES

( Second Revision)

o. FOR E W 0 R D

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the IndianStandards I nstitution on 31 January 1986, after the d raft finalized by theFlooring and Plastering Sectional Committee had been approved by theCivil Engineering Division Council.

0.2 Indian Standard specifications for PVC asbestos floor tiles, flexiblePVC flooring and polystyrene wall tiles are covered in separte IndianStandard specifications. Methods of tests to assess the qualitative require­ment of these products have been covered in this standard and is anessential adjunct to IS : 3461-1980·, IS : 3462-1986f and IS: 3463-1966t.

0.3 This standard was first published in 1966 and subsequently revisedin 1980. In. this revision, the method of colour fastness to daylight hasbeen given in accordance with IS : 9766·1981 §. Figures for the apparatusfor measuring cur) in the tiles have been given. Grade of ethyl acetateconforming to IS : 229-197211 has been given. Method of conditioningfor test specimen in water has been deleted.

0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with, the final value, observed Or calculated, express­ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordancewith IS: 2-1960'. The number of significant places retained in therounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value inthis standard.

·Specification for PVC aabelto. floor tiles (firs' "tJisi#m ).tSpecification for flexible PVC ftoorilll ( s"orul ,Itli.rio,. ).tSpecificatioD for polystyrene wan tiles.§Speci6eatioD (or flexible PVC compounds.IISpecification for ethyl acetate ( 1".11II ,msi,,, ).-&rRulea tor roundiul off numerical valu. ( r"tU,d).

Page 8: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

II I 34M • 1986

1. SCOPE1.1 This standard covers the methods (or carrying out the following testson flexible PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene walltiles:

Method DfTesta) Dimensionsb) Squarenesac) Dimensional stabilityd) Colour fastness to daylighte) Volatile matterf) Curlingg) Indentationh) Residual indentationj) Resistance to various substancek) Ply adhesionm) Deflectionn) Impactp) Opacityq) Cracks and crazingr) Resistance to heat deformationI) Water absorptiont) Surface spread of flameu) Abrasion resistance

Claw, No.S456789

1011121314151617181920

2. CONDmONING2.1 Unless otherwise specified, all samples shall be conditioned at atemperature of 27 ± 2°C in air for at leut 60 minutes.

3. DIMENSIONS3.1 Object - To determine the length, width and thickness of flexiblePVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles.

9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu.

3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer or any instrument capable of measur­ing to an accuracy of 0'01 mm,

3.2.2 Proc,dur, - Immediately after conditioning 88 given in 2, thethickness of the sheets or rolla shall be measured at twenty scatteredpoint••

Non: - For polyltrene wall tiles the cavity depth or the .pecimea lhall be meas­ured on the rear =iurCace or each til. with suitable depth lau,e.

4

Page 9: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

· IS I Mat • 198'

3.2.3 &port - The average of all the obeervations shall be reported.

3.3 Mea.an.eat 01 Lealth aad Width of Til..

3.3.1 AP/HJrillus - A travelling' microscope or any instrument capableof meuuring to an accuracy 0(0·0}. rnm,

3.3.2 P,oetdu" - Immediately after conditioning 8S given in 2, eachtile shall be measured for length and width at the three-quarter points ineach direction ( SI' Fig. I ).

,= - =1=1='rIt

~

II

t-I.I~' ..". '1_ .,'~i) '4'

~~

..L

'" .:,

FlO. 1 MEASUREMENT 01' LENGTH AND WIDTH OP TILB

3.3.3 Report - The average of the three measurements in eachdirection shall be reported al the length or width of the tile in thatdirection.

3•• Mea.aft_eDt of Width of Sbeet. or Roll.

3.4.1 Apparatus - A steel tap capable of measuring to the nearest3mm.

3.4.2 P,oetdur, - Immediately after conditioning as given in 2, thesheet or roll shall be laid on a flat surface 10 al to fully expose the widthwithout distortions. The width of the specimen shall be measured in atleast three places spaced equally along its length. During measurement,the tap shan be placed as nearly as possible at right angle to the edge ofthe sheet or roll.

3.4.3 Rlport - The average of the reading. shan be reported.5

Page 10: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

GAPO·15mm MAX90

IS I 3464 • 1986

4. SQ,UARENESS

4.1 Object - To check the squareness of PVC asbestos floors tiles,flexible PVC floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles.

4.2 Apparata8 - An L-shaped metal jig comprising two arms each oflength greater than the side of the tile to be tested and of approximatelysome thickness set in the shape of a true right angle on a metal base plate.The plate shall be perfectly flat and free from surface defects.

A set of feeler gauges or travelling microscope capable of measuringto 0·01 mm,

4.3 Procedure - Immediately after conditioning as ~iven in 2, the tileshall be placed against the jig, each corner in turn being inserted into theright angle and one side of the tile held against one side of the jig withlight pressure, Any gap between the sides of the tile and the metal armsshan be measured with the feeler gauge or miscroscope ( s" Fig. 2 ).

METAL JIG

TIL E

FIG. 2 MaTHoD OP CHECKING SQ,UARBNBSS0' TILE

f.4 Report - The gap measured shall be reported.

5. DIMENSIONAL STABILITY

5.1 Object - To determine the dimensional stability of PVC flexibleflooring and PVC asbestos floor tiles.

6

Page 11: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

, 18: 3464 • 1986

5.2 App....ta.

5.2.1 A circulating air oven having thermostatic control that willmaintain a temperature of 80 ± 2°C and equipped with horizontal rigidmetal plates or wired shelves for supporting the test piece. The shelvesshall be at least 25 mrn larger than' the test piece in each direction.

5.2.2 A travelling microscope or suitable scale capable of measuring toan accuracy 0(0·01 mm,

5.2.3 A steel plate 180 x 180 mm and 12-5 rom thick for keeping thetest piece flat during measurement.

5.3 Te.t Speclmell-Test specimen shall not be less than 200 X 200 mm.Three sets of equally spaced reference _marks shall be marked along eachlinear dimensions of the surface of the test specimen the marks in eachset being 180 mm apart ( s« Fig. 3). Two test specimens shall be tested ..

-- 180mm -

~

~. f'I

~tu

~ ~~

0~.

coII.....~~

H

~.

,~

~=--~=--~=---~= .....Flo. 3 REFERBNCB MARKS ON TEST SPECIMEN

5.4 Procedure - Immediately after conditioning as given in 2, the testspecimen shall be placed on a perfectly flat surface with the 12-5 mmthick .teel plate on top of it, and the distance between each pair of marksshall be measured to the nearest 0'01 mm. The steel plate shall then beremoved and test specimen shan be placed horizontally on one of the

7

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18 I 3464 • 1986

shelves of the oven, with itl wearing surface upwards and maintained ata temperature of 80 ± 2°0 for aix hours, The teat piece ,hall then beremoved from the oven allowed to cool to room temperature and thenshall again be conditioned as given in 2. The distance between each pairof reference marks shall then be measured.

5.5 Repo..t - Any change in the distance between each pair of marksshall be calculated as a percentage of the original distance and theaverage value of the changes in the distance of the three pairs of marksin each linear direction shall be reported as the dimensional stability inthat direcdon,

6. COLOVR FASTNESS TO DAYLIGHT

6.1 ObJeet ~ To determine the colour fastness to daylight of flexiblePVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles.

6.2 The colour fastnels shall conform to 4.3 of IS : 9766-1981-.

7• VOLATILE MATTER

7.1 Object - To determine the volatile matter contained in PVCasbestos floor tiles.

7.2 Apparat1l8

7.2.1 A circulating air oven having thermostatic control that willmaintain a temperature of 100 :I: 2°0.

7.2.2 Balan« - Capable of measuring to 0'01 g.

7.3 Te.t Specime. - Test pieces each measuring 200 X 50 mm shallbe cut from tile samples.

7.4 Proeeclare - The test piece shall be weighed individually to thenearest 0'01 g and then placed in the oven and maintained at a tempera­ture of 100 ± 2°C for 6 hours. At the end of this time, they shall beremoved, allowed to cool in air to 27 ± 2°0 and reweighed.

7.5 Report - The loss in mass shan be expressed as a percentage of theoriginal mass, and the average value. calculated to the nearest 0-1 per­centage shall be recorded.

8. CURLING

8.1 Object - To determine the amount of curl in ftexible PVC flooringand PVC asbestos floor tiles.

*Specificatlon Cor flexible PVC compound••

8

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18.'4M.1916

1.2 Apparahd

8.2.1 A curl gauge of sufficient length to span the diagonal. of thespecimen and equipped with a dial gauge graduated at 0·1 mm intervals,suitably located so as to measure the curl at the centre of the specimen.A suitable apparatus is shown in Fig. 4.

DIAL GAUGE READING0·11ft'" DtAL CONTINUOUS0-100 (REMOVE MAINSPRING OF DIAL GAUGETO REDUCE LOAD ONSPECIMEN)

,..--------- .. -'-'-------"I ,

FlO. 4 TYPICAL ApPARATUI FOR CURLING T.ST

9

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IS I 3.64 • 1986 .

.8.2.2 Flat slabs of plate glass at least 5 mm thick, or marble slabs atleast' 30 mm thick, or similar non-metallic non-warpable material.The slabs shan be larger than the specimen and shall not exceed200 X 200 mm,

8.2.3 Water bath of such size that the slabs can be partially immenedto within :i mm of their upper surface.

8.2.-1 Wick material consisting of two sheets of absorbent paper.

8.3 Te.t Spec:lmea - Test pieces each measuring 150 X 150 mm shallbe flat enough not to rock when either face is placed on a plane surface.The gap between the tile surface and a light straight edge placed oneach pair of diagonally opposite corners shall not exceed 0·1 mm,Two test specimens shall be tested.

8.t Pl'ocedare - The slab shall be placed in the water bath 10 that thewater level is approximately 3 mm below that of the slab surface. Thewick material shall be so arranged that it coven the slab surface andextends into the water on all 4 side. of the slab. The test piece thenshall be placed with its wearing face upwards, on the wick material andshall be allowed to remain there for a period of 72 hours during whichthe temperature of water shall be maintained at 27 ± 2°C. At thebeginning and end of this period the gap between the test piece surfaceand a light straight edge placed on each pair of diagonally oppositecorners shall be determined to the nearest 0·1 mm,

8.5 Report - The average of the amount of curling obtained for eachtest piece shal! be reported as the amount of curling.

9. INDENTATION

9.1 Object - To determine the amount of indentation obtained at27 ± 2°0 and 46 ± 2°0 for PVC asbestos floor tiles.

9.2 l.d••tatloD at 27 ± 2°0

9.2.1 Apparatus

9.2.1.1 Indmtation ust - Consisting essentially of a rod with a hemis­pherical end of 6-35 mm diameter through which a load of 9 N ( 0-9 kgf)and a total load of 136 N ( 13-6 kgf) can be applied to the surface of thetest piece and a dial gauge from which the amount of indentation can beread.

9.2.1.2 Flat rilid piau - At least 6-35 mm thick for supporting thetest piece during the test.

9.2.1.3 Wain balh, - That can maintain the required temperature,

9.2.2 T,s'Sp,ei".,,, - The test pieces shall be whole size tiles.

10

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· IS I 3464· 1986

9.2.3 P,oc,." - The test piece together with the indenting rod shallbe maintained at a temperature of27 :t 2°C for at lealt 60 minutesin air prior to testing. T he test piece shall then be placed on thehorizontal flat rigid plate with the base of the indentation tester restingon ita surface, The hemispherical end of the indenting rod shall beapplied to the surface of the test piece under a load of 9 N ( O·y kgf)and the reading of the dial gauge noted. An additional loadof 127 N ( 12-7 kgf ) shall then be applied to the indeming rod within 5seconds. and the reading of the dial gauge l-rninute and lO-minute afterthe application of this load shall be noted _ The difference between thesereadings and the original one shall be the J minute and 10 minutesindentations respectively.

9.2.4 Rlport - Readings shall be taken at three scattered point. on theteat piece an~ the average shan be reported.

9.3 IDdeatatloD •• " ± 2°C

9.3.1 Apparatus - Same as in 9.2.1.

9.3.2 T ,sl Specimen - Same as in 9.2.2.

9.3.3 Prosedu« - The procedure shall be the same as in 9.2.3 exceptthat the test piece and the indenting rod shall be maintained in the waterbath at a temperature of 46 ± 2-0 for at least 15 minutes prior totesting and the additional load of 127 N ( 12·7 kgf) shall be applied to theindenting rod within 5 seconds, and reading of the dial gauge shall betaken 50 seconds after the application of this load.

9.3.4 &/Jort - Reading. shall be taken at three scattered points on thetest piece and the average shall be reported.

10. RESmUA.L INDENTAnON

10.1 Object - To determine the amount of residual indentation obtainedat 27 ± 2°C on PVC flexible flooring and PVC asbestos floor tiles.

10.2 Apparata8

10.2.1 Indlftlalio" Tesur - Consisting essentially of a smooth steel platefor supporting the test piece and an indenting tool in the form of acylindrical steel rod of 4-5 mm diameter at the final contact point throughwhich a load of 360 N ( 36 kgf) can be applied. The edge of theindenting tool shall have a radius of 0·15 mm,

10.2.2 Dial gauge capable ofexertiDg a pressure of0·14 ± 0·035 NJmml

( 1-4 ± 0·35 kg£/cmJ ) on a foot not more than 4 mm in diameter.

10.3 Te.t SpecbDea - Four telt piece. each measuring 50 )( 50 mmshall be cut from different tiles or from widely separated parts of thespecimens in case of roll or sheet.

11

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IS I 3464 - 1916

lO.~ Proceda... - The thicknesl of the test piece .hall be measured toan accuracy of 0·01 mm. It shall be then placed on the steel plate of theindentor. The indentator shall be allowed to relt on the wearing surfaceand the reading on the dial gauge noted. A load of 360 N ( 36 kgf )shall be applied to the wearing surface for a period of 10 minutes, bymeans of the indenting tool. The pressure shall be applied at the saDiepoint at which the thickness was measured. At the end of 10 minutesthe load shall be completely removed from the test piece and the testpiece is allowed to stand at a temperature of 27 ± 2°0 for a period of60 minutes. At the end of this time the depth of indentation shall bemeasured at the point of indentation to the nearest 0·01 mm,

10.5 Report - The average of the values for all the telt pieces shall bereported.

11. RESISTANCE TO VARIOUS SUBSTA.NCES

11.2 App....ta. - A suitable tester consisting of a horizontal tablerotatable about a vertical axis and a loading beam which rotates in avertical plane about a horizontal shaft. The table is 100 mm in diameterand may be rotated by hand. The teat specimen i. fixed securely to itby clamps (SI' Fig. 5). The loading beamlivot. about 100 mm fromthe axis of the rotating table, can be adjuste vertically to allow theloading beam to remain horizontal whatever thickness of specimen isused. The loading beam is arranged to apply a load of 5 N ( 0·5 kgf) toa scratch tool of tungsten carbide 4-8 mm wide and ground to a radiusof 25 mrn, held at a shear angle of 22° to the direction of the motion ofthe specimen and its leading edge at an angle of 45° to the specimen.

11.3 T••t R.aleat.

11.3.1 ]$o/Jrop,l Alcohol - S" IS : 2631-1976-.

11.3.2 Light Mitllral Oil - minimum' aniline point 66°0.

11.3.3 Cotton S,ed Oil- S" IS : 543-1968f.

11.3.4 To percent aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

11.4 Te.t Spedm•• - Three setl of five teat pieces each measuring50 x 75 mm shall be cut from the tiles or from the specimen sheet. orrolls.

11.4.1 p"paralion of llu Tut S/Hcimm - ODe test piece from each setshall be set aside for checking the sharpne.s of the scratch tool and theremainder shall be immersed individually in each of the above reagents

• Specification for iso-propy1alcohol (./it" ,,,,.,.. ).fSpecification for cotton Iteel oil ( 'IHlld ,mn. ).

12

Page 17: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

II. 3464· 1986

for a period of 46 ± 1 hours. The test pieces shall be immersed in thereagents maintained at a temperature of 27 ± 2°0 and shall be main­tained' at that temperature for the duration of the test. If more than onetest piece is Immersed in a single container it shall be separated by •distance of approximately 3 mm from other test piece to ensure thateach teat piece is fully immened ~n the medium. The test pieces in eachcontainer shall be limited to thole cut from one tile or from one sheet offlooring. At the end of the immersion period, the test pieces shall beremoved from the immersion medium. blotted ( not rubbed ) with a lOft

absorbent tissue and immediately examined visually from any colourchanges and then subjected to scratch test.

ROTATABLE TABLE

.--.----..4-3I.. 19----1

ENLARGED DETAIL OFSCRATCH TOOL

SCRATCH TOOL

SHAFT

AU dim.naioDi in millimetre-.

Fro. 5 TEITBR FOIt RBlZ'TANCB TO VARIOU' SV8STANOU

13

Page 18: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

18 I 3t64 • 1986

11.4.2 P"plUtJlion of Scrateh T DDI - The scratch tool shall produce ascratch of 1'1 to 1'4 mm in width when unimmened test pieces are testedin accordance with 11.5. If it produces a scratch greater than 1'4 mmwidth, it shall be dulled to produce the required width by drawing itacross unimmersed test pieces. Care shall be taken in handling andstoring the tool to ensure that the cutting edge is Dot damaged.

11.5 Proeeclare for Mallia, tlae Scratcb - The test piece shall beclamped firmly on the table by means of the test piece holder. Theloading beam with the scratch tool in position shall be gently lowered,until the scratch tool rests on the test piece under a total load of 5 N( O'S kgf). The tool shall be at least 6'35 mm from any edge of the testpiece at all times. The table shall be rotated slowly and steadily by hand,in a counter clockwise direction) until a scratch of 25 mm in length isobtained, The loading and the width of the scratch shall be measuredto the nearest 0·1 mm at three equally spaced places. The order of test­ing shall be, firstly an unimmersed test piece and then those that havebeen immersed in the order al given in 11.3. The order of testing shallbe repeated until the required number of telt pieces have been tested.

11.6 aeport

11.6.1 Scratch RuisllJnc, - The average of the three sets of values shallbe recorded to the nearest 0'01 mm as the scratch resistance of the testpiece to that substance.

11.6.2 Colour - An unimmersed test piece and an immersed one fromeach set shall be placed on a plane surface beside each other and exami­ned in a bright or north light for any change in colour in the immersedtelt piece..

12. PLY ADHESION

12.1 Object - To determine the ply adhesion of PVC flexible flooring.

12.2 Apparat.. - A tensile testing machine having the rate ofmovement of 280 ± 25 rnm per minute of the driven grip measured be­fore each series of tests with the machine at zero load. The machineshall be capable of reading to 0 ± 2 N ( 0'2 kgf).

12.3 Te.t Realeat - Ethyl acetate of pure grade conforming toIS : 229-1972*.

12.4 Te.t Speclme. - Six test pieces each measuring 150 X 50 mmshall be cut from the specimens, having the long axis parallel to thegrain and equal number at right angles to the Irain.

·Specification for ~thyl acetate ( s.tIIUI ,lDisioll ).

14

Page 19: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

12.5 Pro~a~e - The width of each test piece shall be measured atthe three-quarter points and the average shall be regarded as the widthof the test piece. Three paralIel linea shall be marked on the surface ofeach test piece (I" Fig. 6). Each test piece shall then be supportedvertically for a period of 45 minutes in ethyle acetate to a depth of notmore than 20 mm. After immenioD that part of the laminate whichhas beeen in the solvent shall be separated by hand but without undueforce. (Wet PVC tend to break ealily.) The teat pieces shall then beallowed to dry at a temperature of 27 ± 2°0 until all the solvent halevaporated and in any case for not less than 90 minutes. Each teat pieceshall then be separated in the tensile testing machine. The load forseparation of 75 mm marked section of the test piece shall be noted andthe average of six readings recorded.

....----150-------.JAll dimenaioDi in millimetrea.

Flo. 6 PLY ADHESION TaT PmcB

12.6 Report - The ply adhesion for each test piece shaH be calculatedin kN/m as follows:

PI dh· == Average load of separation ( N )y a esion Width of test piece ( mm )

12.6.1 The lowest value shall be reported.

13. DEFLECTION

13.1 Object - To determine the amount of deflection of PVC asbestolfloor tiles.

13.2 Appa...ta. -

13.2.1 Two parallel steel rods of 6·35 mm diameter with their centresspaced 200 mm apart. shall be provided for supporting the teat piece. Athird steel rod of the same diameter shall occupy a position midway

15

Page 20: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

1113464 -1986

between and parallel to the IUpports and Ihall be attached to a mecha­nism whereby it may be moved in a plane perpendicular to the surfaceof test piece at the rate of 100 ± 3 mm per minute.

13.2.2 A Icale or gauge shall be provided to measure the deflection ofthe test piece at a point midway between the supports to the nearest 1 mm,

13.3 Te.t 8peelmea - Test pieces each measuring 200 )( 50 mm shanbe cut from separate tiles, having the long axis parallel to the grain andequal number at right angles to the grain_

13." Proc:ed.re - Immediately after conditioning as specified in 2, thetest piece shall be supported, wearing surface upwards, on the twoIupporting rods so that itl centre line i. in midway between them. Thecentre line of the test piece shall be then deflected downwards at the rateor tOO ± 3 mm per minute by moving the third rod till deflection of atleast 25 mm i. attained without break.

13.5 aeport - The average amount of deflection without break shallbe reponed.

1~ IMPACT

14.1 Object - To determine the resistance to impact of PVC asbestosfloor tiles.

14.2 Apparata8

14.2.1 l"'pMI Tuln - Conaisting essentiaUy of three steel balls each25 mm diameter, equally spaced on a circle, 125 mm in diameter, on arigid steel bue plate weighing not Jesl than 4-5 kg including the mass ofthe balls,

It.2.2 A device suitable for the release and guidance of a freely fallingweight to the centre of the circle formed by three balls from the heightspecified shall be used,

14.2.5 Wright - Spherical steel baUs of 25 mm diameter and weighing65 ± 1 g.

1~3 T••t Spedmea. - Test pieces each measuring 150 X 150 mmshall be cut from different tiles.

It.. Procedure - After conditioning al given in 2, the telt piece shallbe supported on the three balle of the apparatus wearing race down, Theweight shall be allowed to CaU freely from the speclfied height 10 as toItrike the test piece at the centre. The weight shall be dropped 4 timeslucceuively in cue of 3. 2-5 and 2, mm thick tiles and only once

16

Page 21: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

(or 1·5 mm thick tile. The height from whicb the weight should bedropped shall be as follows:

Thieknm HIi,hI of J),op

mm500300200125

14.5 Report - The test pieces shall be examined visually for cracks ingood illumination and without flexing.

15. OPACITY

15.1 Object - To determine the opacity of polystyrene wall tiles.

15.2 Appa...ta.

15.2.1 BQS' PI"" - The base plate shall consist of two pieces of opaqueglass of approximately equal size, one black and the other white. cemen­ted to a rigid base. The portion of these plates not covered by thetiles shall be marked out.

15.2.2 The total reflectanees for Iigbt incident normally, whencompared to that of magnesium oxide, rated as 100 percent, shall not begreater than 5 percent for the black glass and shall be equal to 85 .± 2-5percent for the white glass.

15.2.3 Lamp - A 200-W gas-filled tungsten filament lamp, clear type.

15.3 Te.t Spedmea - The test pieces shall be whole size tiles.

15.4 Procedure - The base plate shall be placed directly under thelamp at a distance of 600 mm from it. Each test piece shall be tested inturn, by placing cavity side down on the base plate. The portion ofthe tile overlying the black and white surfaces shall be examined visuallyfrom all direction. with the eyes shielded from direct rays of the illumi­nating lamp.

15.5 Report - Record any contrast observed when the tiles are placedon the black and white surface,

16. CRACKS AND CRAZING

16.1 Object - To detect the existence· of cracks and crazing onpolystyrene wall tiles.

16.2 aea.eDt - White spirit with a boiling range of 145 to 200°0 andan aromatic content of between 16 to 22 percent.

17

Page 22: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

18 • 346t • 1986

16.3 T..t Speclme. - The test pieces shall be whole size tiles.

16.4 Procedure - The test piece shall be kept vertically withouttouching each other in a suitable rack, and kept immersed for 60 ± 2seconds in the white spirit, maintained at 27 ± 2°C.

16.4.1 The rack with the test pieces shall then be drained for at least30 minutes at 27 ± 2°0.

16.5 Report - The test pieces shall be examined visually immediatelyafter the 30-minute draining in a well lighted area, for any cracks orcrazing of the surface and the average shall be reported.

17. RESISTANCE TO HEAT DEFORMATION

17.1 Object - To determine the amount of deformation to heat onpolystyrene walJ tiles.

17.2 Tnt SpecbneD - The test pieces shall be whole size tiles.

17.3 Procedure - The test pieces shall be kept vertically withouttouching each other in a wire basket, and immersed for 10 minutes in5 Iitres of water maintained at a temperature of 70 ± 2°C.

17.3.1 The basket with the test pieces shall then be placed in air at atemperature of 27 ± 2°C for at least 10 minutes.

17.3.2 The faces of the tiles shall be examined for changes inappearance. The deformation of the edges from a straight line shall beassessed by ·using a straight edge and feeler gauge.

17.4 Report - Visible changes in appearance and the deformation onthe edges of the tiles from a straight line shall be examined, and theaverage reported.

18. WATER ABSORPTION

18.1 Object - To. determine the percentage water absorption ofpolystyrene waJl tiles.

18.2 Te.t Specimen. - Test pieces measuring 50 X 50 mm shall becut out from different tiles.

18.3 Procedure - The hessian backing of the test piece shall be removedand weighed. The test piece shall then be Immersed completely indistilled water maintained at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C for 24 hours.ImmediatelyJ after removal from water, the surfaces of the test piece shallbe wiped dry with filler paper and reweighed.

18

Page 23: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

IS 13464 -191&

18.3.1 The water absorption of the test piece shall be calculated atfollows:

Ms-MlPercentage water absorption ~ ---u-1

- X 100

where

MI == mass (g) of the test piece after Immersion, andM 1 =:. mass (g) of the test piece before immersion.

18.4 Repol't - The average of all the determination. shall be reported.

19. SURFACE SPREAD OF FLAME

19.1 ObJeet - To determine the area of char of the polystyrene waJltiles.

19.2 Apparata. aad Material.

19.2.1 Sp,cim,,, Support - Suitable means shall be provided for support­ing the specimen during the test at an angle of 45°. with the upper andlower edges of the plane of support being horizontal. Thie may beaccomplished by resting the specimen on four points; but it is necessary,whatever method of support be employed, that: (a) the central portioD ofthe specimen shall not be shielded from the flame. (b) the lupportl shallnot prevent acce.. of air from combustion, and (c) the apparatul shallbe such that the progress of the test can be observed. A Buitableapparatul is shown in Fig. 1_

19.2.2 FltItIII 80",e, - A ftat bottomed cup of 2-2 mm in internaldiameter and 7 mm in depth shall be placed on a support composed ofcorkboard. The cup Ihall be made of sheet iron about 0·8 mm thick. Itshall be 10 supported that the centre of itl bue is 25 mID vertically belowa point on the lower surface of the telt piece, 75 mm from its lowerhorizontal edge, and midway between the inclined edges,

19.2.3 Aleohol- Absolute ethyl alcohol conforming to IS : 321-1964••

19.3 Te.t Spedlllea. - The test pieces .hall be whole size tiles.

19.4 Proceclare

19.4.1 Place the specimen on the test appararua, Place 1 ec of absoluteethyl alochol in the cup from a suitable pipette or other meaDi and ignite( with the test specimen in place) by a small gas or oil jet or other suit­able source of heat, which shall be removed u soon as the alcohol islighted. The cup shall be at room temperature before each test. The testshall be made in a draft-free room or enclosure with a subdued light.

·Specification Cor absolute alcohol ( ,IIIUIll).

19

Page 24: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

11"'"' 00 STANDARDBRASS TUBING

e

.---..--...~S5

r~~_200_---'

SECTION xxOETAI. OF CUP SUPPORT

•N

3",,,, • STEEL ROOWELD TO UPRtGHT

w.04~

DETAIL OF CUP

CUP

All dimeDliona In miJlimetree.

Flo. 7 ApPARAnJI POR TESTING SUJUrAC. Spa.AD 0. FLAME

19.4.2 One minute after the fuel has been exhausted, extinguish anyflame and glow on the specimen, and determine the area of char. If theduration of flaming is less than one minute, extinguish any smouldering,and measure the area of char. Determine the area of char by cuttingslots approximately along the major and minor axis of the elliptical char

20

Page 25: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

area. Determine the length of these axil by taking the terminal of eachline as that point where a definite charring or decomposition of theflooring material has taken place.

19.5 CalCal.tIOD aDei Report

19.5.1 Using the major and minor axis, a and h, of the area of chardetermined in accordance with 19.4.2 as thOle of. true eUiple. calculatethe area of char as follows:

ftabArea of char = -4-

19.5.2 Report the area of char and the duration of flaming.

20. ABRASION RESISTANCE

20.1 Object - To determine the resistance to wear of PVC asbestosfloor tiles.

20.2 Apparata. - The Du PODt Croydon abrasion tester with thefollowing components ( s" Fig. 8 ).

FlO. 8 Du PONT CROYDON ABRAIION TEITER

20.2.1 A disc which carries an abrasive surface is mounted on a ahaftand rotated at a uniform speed 34 rev/min ·to 40 rev/min. The provisionof a revolution counter i. desirable.

21

Page 26: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

18 I :H64 • 1916

20.2.2 The test piecesare mounted, with their faces on the abrasive ona bar. diametrically disposed acro•• the disc 10 that the centre of eachspecimen in 63'5 mm from the centre of retation.

20.2.3 The specimens are held in contact with the abrasive by a forceof 36-2 N (3-62 kgf) by any suitable means free from friction and ableto follow axial movement of the specimen holder as wear takes place [ Ifthe abrasive disc is also horizontal, dead weight may be used; jf theabrasive disc is vertical, a wire led through a central hole in the shaftwith a weight of 36·2 N ( 3-62 kgf) attached at the rear may be used, alin the current design of the Du Pont machine ].

20.2." A lever arm attached to the specimen holder is provided withmeans ( weights and/or a spring balance) to restrain rotation and enablemeasurement of frictional torque to be made, if desired.

20.2.5 "The abrasive in the form of an annular disc of 165 mm outsidediameter with a central hole of70 mm diameter for fixing the disc tothe rotating member.

20.2.5.1 Silicon carbide abrasive grains conforming to IS: 715( Part 2 )-1976* mounted on stiff paper have been found to be suitableand the paper backing shall have the following characteristics:

a) The weight or paper substance shall be at least 224 gJm2 with atolerance of ± 5 percent, and

b) The paper and the adhesive used to bond the abrasive grainsshall be waterproof so that a minimum of softening occurs undermoist conditions,

20.2.6 Paper shall be capable of at least 6 houn useful life and shallgenerally be discarded when the rate of weight loss from the standardcompound has fallen by about 10 percent, but not more, of the rate ofloss at the first measurement after the running-in period.

20.2.7 The abrasive surface is continuously cleaned by means of airjets, directed on the working surface at two positions between the speci­mens, The air supply is at a pressure of not less than 0-175 N/mmt(1-75 kgf/cm2 ) and free from oil or water,

20.2.8 On each side there is a set ofjets radially disposed and consist­ing of three l-mm holes, 5 mm apart, arranged to leave a space of about6 mm between the jets and the surface of the abrasive. The addition ofstiff bristle brushes, set at an angle to the track, is advantageous in somecircumstances, but their use is optional.

·Specification Cor coated abrasives: Part 2 Special and mechanized application( ,hi,d,ft1ISUm ).

22

Page 27: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

20.3 Te.t Sped.... - The test pieces shall be 200 x 200 mm andapproximately· 10 mm thick. the neceslary lpecimen thicmeal .hall b.arrived at by cementing several layers on top of each other. Two teatpieces shall be tested at the same time and compared with two teat piecesof the standard comparison rubber compound.

20.4 eo.dltto.... of til. T••t a"-elm•• - Each specimen shall beconditioned as given in 2-

20.5 Sta.darel Compari.oD Rabbe.. - This.hall conform .. givenbelow:

3-0

60-0

SIIJ"dard CompormdPdtU b, W,ight

100·04·0S·O

60'0

Compounding In,,,dunll

Natural rubber, smoked sheet, RMA 1Zinc oxideStearic acidE.P.C. blackH.A.F. blackDi-( 2 ethyl hexy) ) phthalateParaffin oilWhitingBenzothiazyl disulphideMercaptobenzthiazoleSulphurPhenyl-beta-naphthylamineCycJohexylbeozthiazyl sulphenamideCuring time and temperature 40 min at 153-0

NOTlI - A hilh Itandard of mixiD. technique aball be employed in the prep....­tiOD of the compound to emure proper dilpenioD or the insredieDu.

20.6 Proeedare

20.&.1 The test shall be carried out at 27 ± 2°0. Mount the test pieeeain the holder without undue di.tortion of the abraded surface, but withno possibility of movement of the test piece. on the bar of the lampleholder.

20.6.2 Allow a running-in-period to give even leating of the specimenson the abrasive without weighing_ In the case of a new abruive dise,use preferably the &rst 20 minutes for running-ln, before startiDI actualweighing.. Change of cutting power appears to be 1... rapid after thilinitial period.

23

Page 28: IS 3464 (1986): Methods of Test for Plastic Flooring and ... · PVC flooring, PVC asbestos floor tiles and polystyrene wall tiles. 9.2 Mea.aremeat 01 Thlcbu. 3.2.1 Apparatus - A micrometer

II, MM· 1981

28.6.3 Arrange the specimens replaced for succeesive run. to rub inthe lame direction on the abrasive.

20.8.4 Employ systematic reversal of order in a set of tests to overcomebias due to gradual change of abrasive cutting power.

20.6.5 Record the duration of test in terms of revolutions of theabrasive.

20.7 Repo..t ••d Espre••loD olae.alt. - Exprels results as a figureof merit or abrasion resistance index of which higher values denote betterperformance derived as follows:

Ab ' • • d S 100rUlOD resIstance In ex .. T X

where

S =- volume )0.1 in mIll 000 revolutions of the abrasive, fromthe standard comparison rubber compound; and

T a. volume loss in mIll 000 revolutions of the abrasive, fromthe telt pieces of the PVC flooring material.

20.7.1 Obtain the volume loues derived from weight losses by dividingthe latter by the density of the specimen, determined by the usual weightof air and water method. The values of Sand T as well as the type ofabrasive used and the temperature of test shall be stated,

24