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IS 10816 (1984): Methods of sampling zinc and leadconcentrates [MTD 13: Ores and Raw Materials]

Indian

IS: 10816 - 1984

Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING

ZINC AND LEAD CONCENTRATES

Methods of Sampling Sectional Committee, SMDC 4

Chairman

DR K. G. RAMAMURTHY

Members

Representing

Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta

SHRI R. J. PANDEY ( Alternate to Dr K. G. Ramamurthy )

SHRI R. K. ABROL Bharat Steel Tubes Ltd, Ganaur ( Haryana ) SHR~ K. J. SINGES ARORA ( Alternate )

SHR~ S. N. AGARWAL Central Statistical Organization, New Delhi SHR~ S. K. BAGCEII Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Rourkela Steel

Plant ), Rourkela SHRI M. G. BHADE Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur

SHRI H. L. CHADHA ( Alternate ) DR M. M. CHAKRABORTY SHRI A. W. CHAWATHE

The Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur

SHRI D. B. GHOSH Government of India Mint ( Mmtstry of Finance ) Geological Survey of India, Calcutta

SHRI C. N. HARMAN Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd, Shreeramnagar SHRI A. SANGAMESWARA RAO ( Alternate )

SHRI S. S. HONAVAR Italab Private Ltd, Bombay SHRI J. P. PATEL ( Alternate )

SHRI V. B. KHANNP Dire;$;a;e,pneral of Supplies & Disposals,

SHRI P. K. KRISHNAMOORTHY Ministry of Riilways SHRI R. K. DASGUPTA ( Alternate )

SHRI K. S. MAHAPATRA Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur SHRI U. N. SARKAR ( Alternate )

SHRI M. N. MITRA Mitra S. K. Private Ltd, Calcutta SHRI R. N. BANERJEE ( Alternate )

SHRI B. MUKHERJEE Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bhilai Steet Plant ), Bhilai

SHRI M. BHADURI ( Alternate ) SHRI P. K. PAIN National Test House, Calcutta SHRI B. R. PATEL Therapeutics Chemical Research Corporation,

Bombay SHRI M. V. VAIDYA ( ALternate )

( Continued on page 2 )

@ Copyright 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with writtenCpermission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS:10816 - 1984

( Continuedfrom page 1 )

Members

DR PREM NARAIN

Representing

Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi

DR K. G. ANEJA ( Alternate ) DR J. RAJARAM Essen & Co, Bangalore

SHRI V. SHANKARNARAYAN ( Alternate I) SHRI K. N. GURIJRAJACHAR ( Alternate II >

DR M. RANGA RAO Steel Authority of India Ltd, ( R & D Organi- zation ), Ranchi

SHRI A. K. SATSANGI ( Alternate ) DR B. R. L. Row Hindustan Zinc Ltd, Udaipur

SHRI G. L. JETHWANI ( Alternate ) SHRI P. M. SENGUPTA Directtre;-eGeneral of Inspection, Ministry of

SHRI T. K. BHATTACHARJEE ( Alternate ) SHRI R. C. VIDYARATHI Bharat Aluminium Co Ltd

SHRI S. D. JHA ( Afternate ) SHRI D. S. AHLUWALIA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-officio Member )

Director ( Stat )

Secretary SHRI N. SANKAR

Senior Deputy Director ( Stat >, ISI

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IS :10816 - 1984

Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING

ZINC AND LEAD CONCENTRATES

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institu- tion on 10 February 1984, after the draft finalized by the Methods of Sampling Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council.

0.2 For all materials, sampling plays an important role in arriving at the estimate of quality in a scientific manner. The sampling techniques should be such as to give a part or portion which represents the whole lot and gives a complete picture of the materials with regard to all the characteristics. It is also necessary to see that while sampling no constituent of the material is lost because of errors of sampling.

0.3 In the case of zinc/lead concentrates when obtained from the mill, the important constituents looked for is zinc/lead and moisture. The concentrates will have normally particle size of - 150/rm ( 70% ) with contents of zinc/lead and moisture varying with different batches of concentrates. Hence, the variation will have to be considered while formulating a suitable sampling procedure. Generally at manufactur- ing end zinc/lead concentrates may occur as a heap from the dryer through conveyor or loaded in trucks or wagons for despatch. Usually, lump formation does not occur but in case there is any, the lumps can be easily crushed to powder without much difficulty.

0.4 In reporting the result of a test or analysis, if the final value, observed or calculated is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accor- dance with IS : 2-1960*.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard describes the methods of sampling at manufacturing site and also from bags, wagons, trucks barges or ships of a consignment of zinc/lead concentrates for estimating zinc/lead and moisture content.

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

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IS:10816 - 1984

2. DEFINITIONS

2.0 For the purpose of brevity the term zinc concentrate in this stan- dard will mean lead concentrate also.

2.1 Lot - Consignment or portion thereof comprising zinc concentrates obtained from a single source and same process of manufacture.

2.2 Increment - The amount of material taken by a sampling device at one time.

2.3 Gross Sample - The quantity of sample obtained by blending all the increments from one lot.

2.4 Moisture Sample - The sample to be used for determining moisture content of a lot.

2.5 Laboratory Sample - A quantity of sample obtained from a hom- ogenized sampled by reducing it by coning and quartering or by any division method in successive stages.

3. GENERAL RULES FOR SAMPLING

3.1 Lot - When a consignment of zinc concentrate is offered for sampling it is necessary to verify that the entire quantity is from the same source and preferably from the same batch of manufacture. If not, then it is necessary to constitute two or more lots depending on the source and batch number. Each lot shall be sampled separately and assessed for moisture and zinc content. A lot satisfying the above conditions shall not however exceed 500 tonnes by mass.

3.2 Generally zinc concentrates are to be sampled from (a) trucks/ wagons (b) heaps (c) bags (d) ships (e) barges and (f) pipeline system. The last situation is not dealt with in this standard because of its specialized nature.

3.3 Zinc concentrates will be in the form of a slurry if the moisture content is beyond 10 percent. When it is transported on truck or wagon, the concentrate settles down and moisture comes to the top collected as water and will continue on the top of the bed of concent- rate in the truck. This happens certainly if the concentrates are shifted from the site to the trucks within a period of 12 hours. Due to exposure to atmospheric conditions, the zinc concentrate loses moisture and consequently moisture content decreases. Hence, for proper estimation of moisture at different stages, care should be taken to see that samples are sealed as quickly as possible and should be representative to avoid, possible errors.

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IS:10816- 1984

4. SAMPLING PROCEDURES

4.1 Sampling from Trucks/Wagons

4.1.0 When a lot is transported to a truck or wagon, the moist- concentrate generally do:s not flow. But if the moisture is less than two percent it may get blown away by the wind.

4.1.1 In a lot, the number of wagons and trucks are to be ascertained first. Samples have to be drawn from each wagon or truck in a number of increments. For taking increments suitable sampling device known as sampling pipe as shown in Fig. 1 could be used. For a truck having the dimensions 3.5X2.5 metre with depth around 0’6-0’7 metre, the samples may be distributed as follows. The length of the truck as well as the width can be divided into 4 and 3 equal parts respectively. There will be then 12 rectangles and from the centre portion of each of the rectangle an increment of 0’5 kg can be drawn reaching to a depth of 300 mm. A typical distribution of such points is shown in Fig. 2. In the case of wagons also a similar scheme can be followed.

020mm f

i 8 80mm

FIG. 1 SAMPLING PIPE

4.1.2 The increments gathered from each wagon/truck by using the sampling pipe shall be collected on a non-absorbent cloth ( plastic or rubber ) and this may be successively subjected to coning and quarter- ing so that at every stage the quantity is halved and ultimately a final sample of minimum 500 ml ( 2 kg ) is arrived. This sample shall be kept in a well stoppered bottle or polythene bags with necessary details (truck/wagon number, date and time of sampling, etc). There will be as many sample containers as the number of trucks/wagons in the lot. This procedure is applicable with moisture content around 2 percent or

5

IS:10816-1984

less otherwise the sample is to be spread on the rubber

cloth and by increment division method final representative sample can be prepared.

+-----LENGTH-+j

{/lDTH

FIG. 2 SAMPLING SPOTS FOR DRAWING SAMPLES FROMTRUCKS/ WAGONS

4.1.3 The gross sample representing each lot may be obtained by mix- ing the materials from all the bottles/bags representing different wagons/ trucks. The mixing and homogenizing shall be carried out on a rubber or plastic sheet of sufficient area. This gross sample shall be reduced successively to give ultimately 500 ml ( 2 kg ) or laboratory sample. One portion of this may be used for moisture determination and the remain- ing for determination of zinc content. Moisture determination shall be done as quickly as possible, immediately after sample reduction. The laboratory samples shall be kept in a well stoppered bottle/polythene bag.

4.2 Sampling from Heaps

4.2.1 Zinc concentrates from the processing mill is normally collected as heap from which it is necessary to draw the samples before they are packed for despatch. The zinc concentrate obtained from each batch constituted into one or more heaps will form at lot. From each heap sampling spots shall be selected at random ( at least 10 ) taking care that they are at least 600 mm apart. For taking increment, sampl- ing pipe ( Fig. 1 ) shall be inserted at the spots selected as above. Each increment shall be not less than 0’5 kg.

4.2.2 The increments collected from each heap shall be placed on a non-absorbent cloth and the collection of all such samples from different heaps in a lot shall be the gross sample representative of the lot.

4.2.3 The material in the gross sample shall be thoroughly mixed and be subjected to reduction by successive coning and quartering method ( see 4.1.3 ) to give ultimately minimum 500 ml ( 2 kg ) of laboratory sample which shall be used for determining moisture content and zinc content.

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IS : 10816 - 1984

4.3 Sampling from Bags

4.3.1 Zinc concentrate is generally supplied in bags ( 45 kg approxi- mately ). The number of bags in the consignment and also the indivi- dual batch number have to be ascertained first. Lots have to be formed on the basis of batch number. Each lot shall be sampled separately and assessed for moisture and zinc content. The number of bags in the lot and the number of bags to be sampled are given in Table 1. The bags shall be selected at random by using random number tables as per IS : 4905 - 1968*. Each of the selected bag shall be opened and an increment of minimum 0’5 kg shall be drawn by using sampling pipe ( Fig. 1 ). The increment from each bag is kept separately in a well stoppered bottle/polythene bags.

TABLE 1 MINIMUM NUMBER OF BAGS TO BE SAMPLED

No. OF BAGS No. OF BAGS TOBE INTHELOT SAMPLED

(1) (2) up to 100 10 101 ,, 200 20 201 300 301 and’ above

25 30 .

4.3.2 All the increments from the sampled bags from a lot shall be mixed together to form a gross sample as in 4.1.2.

4.3.3 The gross sample shall be reduced successively to give a laboratory sample of minimum 500 ml ( 2 kg ) as in 4.1.3.

4.4 Sampling from Ships

4.4.1 It is not advisable to sample zinc concentrates from shiphold directly. When the material is transferred to shore, increments of approximately 1 kg shall be collected by using appropriate shovel ( Fig. 3 ) every half an hour. These increments shall be kept in separate well-stoppered bottles/polythene bags.

4.4.2 All the increments collected from the material transferred during a shift shall be combined to give a gross sample.

4.4.3 From each gross sample, laboratory sample shall be prepared as in 4.1.3.

*Methods for random sampling.

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IS : 10816 - 1984

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 3 INCREMENT SHOVEL

4.5 Sampling from Barges

4.5.1 When the zinc concentrate is received in barges it is preferable to sample the material when it is loaded or unloaded as described in 4.4.1. However, if it becomes necessary to draw samples from barges, the following procedure may be adopted.

4.5.2 The total number of barges containing 500 tonnes or less of zinc concentrate shall constitute a lot. From each barge one increment each at 10 different points shall be collected with the help of sampling pipe of 40 mm diameter and suitable length with tapered end. A hammer of suitable mass may be used to drive the sampling pipe to the bottom of the cargo if need .be. The amount of sample, not less than 10 kg in mass, from each barge shall be kept separately in a polythene bag with suitable identification marks.

4.5.3 All such samples collected from a lot shall be combined toge- ther to form a gross sample. The gross sample shall be thoroughly mixed together and successively reduced by coning and quartering to give a laboratory sample of 2 kg.

5. DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE

5.1 Moisture may be determined by the use of moisture meter of sufficient accuracy. In case better accuracy is desired or if agreed to by purchaser and supplier the following procedure may be adopted.

5.2 Moisture samples of 1 kg in duplicate shall be collected separately from gross sample and shall be dried for 3 hours at 105°C. After 3 hours the mass of the sample shall be determined. The drying shall continue for one hour and again the mass be determined. This proce- dure of drying and weighing shall continue till the difference between two successive weighing becomes less than 0’5 g ( 0’05 percent of the

IS :10816 -1984

mass of the moisture sample ). At this point, the mass of the dried sample shall be taken as final and moisture content shall be computed using this figure. The results of the two moisture samples shall be reported individually.

5.3 From each laboratory sample two determinations of zinc content shall be made and individual as well as the average of the two values shall be reported.

9