IRMA Wireless Talk

Copyrights: Amjad Umar

Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications – Short Tutorial and R&D Trends

Amjad Umar

website: www.amjadumar.com

Objective: Share Experience based on –Industrial involvement and industrial research –university teaching

mailto:[email protected]


Outline•Framework for Discussion •Mobile Applications (M-Business, M-Business, M-Government, M-Life, Positional Apps) •Platforms to Support Mobile Applications

–Mobile IP –Wireless middleware (WAP, iMode, J2ME, BREW, MMIT)

•Wireless Networks–Wireless PANs (Sensor Networks, Bluetooth, UWB)–Wireless LANs (Wi-Fi, 802.11a to n)–Wireless Local Loops and Free Space Optics –Cellular networks: from 1 to 5G Networks –Satellite communications and Deep Space Networking

•Security, Integration, and Management Issues •University Course Outline


The Jargon

M-Business, M-Government

M-Commerce P-Commerce V-Commerce

M-SCMs M-CRMs SMS MMS M-Portal

Symbian WAP MMIT WML VXML J2ME BREW

Mobile IP MANET OMA ITU ETSI FCC

Zigbee UWB FSO Bluetooth WLL DECT HomeRF

Wi-Fi GPRS UMTS 802.11 802.16 802.15 WSN

OFDM FEC TDMA CDMA •State of the art•State of the market•State of the practice


Framework for Discussion: The Building Blocks

Mobile Business, Government, and Life

Mobile Computing Applications

Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)

Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks,

Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)

•Architectures and Integration

•Wireless Security

•Management and Support

•Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards

Drivers

Enablers Research and development in every building block


Mobile Computing Applications• Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of

– Customers– Suppliers and Businesses – Employees

• Mobile computing applications – Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS)– Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants

• Positional commerce (p-commerce) . • Voice commerce (v-commerce). • Television commerce (T-Commerce)

– Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM, M-portal, N-SCM

– Specialized applications – Many areas of research • Location sensitive apps (E911)• Wireless sensor network apps• Mobile agent apps

• Two views: – Mobile applications are fundamentally new applications.– Mobility is another dimension of the existing applications

• Research in every aspect


Supporting M-Apps: Mobile Computing Platforms

M o b ile D ev ice (C e ll P h o n e , P D A , P o ck e t P C )

S e rv e r (W eb S e rv e r, eM a il se rv e r,M ain fra m e )

A p p lica tio n

P h ys ica l W ire le s s N e tw o rk(A n te n n a s , T ra n s ce iv e rs , B a se S ta tio n s ,

C e llu la r N e tw o rk s , 8 0 2 .1 1 L A N s , S a te llite s )

M id d lew are S e rv ice s

N etw o rkT ran sp o rt S e rv ices

L o ca lP la tfo rmS erv ice s

A p p lica tio n

M o b ile C o m p u tin gP la tfo rm N etw o rk

T ra n sp o rt S e rv ice s

L o ca lP la tfo rmS erv ices

M id d lew are S e rv ice s


Mobile Computing Platforms•Mobile operating systems

- Palm OS-Windows CE- Symbian OS

•Mobile database managers•Mobile transaction managers•Utilities for mobile devices•Wireless Middleware (information hiding versus Information providing) •Wireless Gateways: Collection of Middleware services•Mobile Application Servers

•Research and development in every aspect


Wireless Web

WAPGateway

WebServer

Servelet

Content(XML/HTML)

eCommerceModule

HTML/XML

WML

VoiceXMLGateway

VoiceXML

Many players - WAP -iMode-J2ME - BREW-MMIT

Industry activity- Open Mobility Alliance


Mobile IP – The Roaming in Wireless Internet World

IP Network

ISP Servers

NSP POPHome Networkfor A

NSP POPForeign Networkfor A

Mobile Node A

ForeignAgent

HomeAgent

1

2

3

4

5

Research issues: • Can Mobile IP replace roaming • Security issues •Performance issues•

Flash OFDM Uses Mobile IP For cellular networks


WIRELESS NETWORKS

Different type of wireless networks support mobile computing applications and platforms

• Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth, Sensors, UWB, Zigbees)• Wireless LANs (802.11 family)• Fixed Wireless Local loops • Cellular networks

– 1G to 5G• Satellite systems

Many Research Issues: short list • Lower level issues (e.g., signaling, error correction, smart antennas) • Mobile Adhoc Networks • Voice over 802.11


Wireless Networks

SatelliteSystems

CellularNetworks

Wireless LANs

Example1: GSM, 9.6 Kbps, wide coverage

Example2: 3G, 2 Mbps, wide coverage

Example1:802.11b 11 Mbps, 100 Meters

Other examples:802.11g, HiperLAN2

Wireless WANs

PersonalArea Networks

BusinessLANs

Example1:Bluetooth1 Mbps, 10 Meters

Other examples:wireless sensor networks, UWB

Example1: Motorola Iridiumup to 64 Mbps globally

Example 2:Deep space communication

WirelessLocal Loops(Fixed Wireless)

Wireless MANs

Example1: LMDS37 Mbps, 2-4 Km

Example2:FSO 1.25 Gbps 1-2 KM

Paging Networks

Example1:FLEX, 1.2 Kbps

Example2:ReFLEX, 6.4Kbps


Research and Development issues unique to wireless•Frequency allocation (efficient frequency utilization) •Multiple Access (CDMA vs TDMA) •Location services (Data rate versus speed of mobile devices) •Error correction (e.g., Turbo codes) •Signalling and encoding (PCM versus Delta code modulation)•Antenna design (smart antennas)

Local Area Networks (LANs) Metropolitan Area Networks(MANs)

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Wired Wired LANsEthernet (10-100 Mbps, 150 to500 meters)Token Ring (4 -16 Mbps, 200 to500 meters)

Wired MANsFDDI (100 Mbps, 50 Kilometers)

Wired WANsATM (44 Mbps to 140 Mbps)Frame Relay (44 Mbps)

Wireless Wireless LANsBluetooth (1 Mbps, 10 meters)IEEE 802.11 LANs (2-11 Mbps,100 meters)

Wireless MANswireless local loops (10 Mbps,100 Kilometers)

Wireless WANsCurrent GSM systems at9.6Kbps, future 3G systems at 2Mbps


Wireless PANs: Home Networking

Wireless LAN2(Master/slave)

First Floor

= Wireless AdapterWireless connectionWireless connection

Second FloorPrinter

Baby Monitor

TV

Phone

Laptop

Laptop

xDSL, cable, ISDN, or other

Main PC

InternetGateway

Players: •Bluetooth•Sensor networks•UWB •802.11•Zigbees •HomeR/F (dead)


Bluetooth

Cellular Network

PSTN

AccessPoint

WiredLAN Bluetooth Piconet

(1 Mbps, 10 meters, mobile adhoc network)


Wireless Sensor Networks

Network of Tiny Sensors

Network of Tiny Sensors

Network of Powerful Sensors

Powerfulserver

Many R&Defforts

Sensor = mote


802.11 Family LANs

Wireless LAN Cell

Wireless LAN Cell

Wireless LAN Cell

CentrexRouter

Link to Public Ethernet

T1orDSL

X

Y Z

LAN Server

Wired Ethernet LAN•X, Y, Z are access points for the wireless Ethernet LANs

A B

C D

•A, B, C, D arestudent laptops

11a, 11b, 11g11n11i – security11e – QoS


Inter-Exchange Switch

Telephone

LAN

PBX, TV

WirelessLocal LoopOfferings(MMDS, LMDS)

Toll ConnectingTrunks

Inter-Exchange Switch

LocalControlOffice

Telephone

Wired Local Loop

Toll ConnectingTrunks

IntertollTrunks

Wireless Local Loops

Narrowband –telephony servicesBroadband –high-speed data service

Interestingapplications


Cellular Networks

Public SwitchedTelephoneNetwork(PSTN)

MobileTelephoneSwitchingCenter(MTSC)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Mobile User

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cordless connection

Wired connection

HLR VLR

HLR = Home Location Register

VLR = Visitor Location Register


Evolution: 1G to 5G

1G(<1Kbps)

1 Kbps

10 Kbps

100 Kbps

2 Mbps

1 Mbps

Data Rates

1980 1990 2000 2010

2G(9.6Kbps)

2.5G(10-150Kbps)

3G(144Kbps to 2Mbps)

Years

4-5G(10 Mbps+)

Research Issues• Mobility vs data rate• error correction • Intelligent Antennas• Intelligent radio


Satellite Communications

UplinkDownlink

GEO= 35,000 km, 250 ms delay LEO = 4,000 km, 20 ms delayMEO = 10,000 km, 50 ms delay


Research Issue:Deep Space Networking


Other issues

•Integration

•Security

•Management and support

•Regulations and standards

•Wireless Business and Industry


Integration – Vision

ContentProvider

WebContent

EnterpriseDatabases

OfficeLAN

(802.11)

HomeLAN

(802.11)

HomeLAN

(Bluetooth)

CellularCell

(GSM, GPRS)

HotspotLAN

(802.11)

ContentProvider

WebContent

EnterpriseDatabases

ContentProvider

CellularCell(3G)

Wirelessand WiredWAN


Integration Framework M-Business and

Mobile Applications (SMS, MMS, Voice, M-commerce)

M-Business andMobile Applications (SMS, MMS,

Voice, M-commerce)

Wireless Communication Networks (WLANs, Cellular, WLLs, Satellites)

Wireless Communication Networks (WLANs, Cellular, WLLs, Satellites)

Mobile Computing Platforms- Wireless Middleware (WAP, I-Mode, J2ME)- Mobile Platform Services (Mobile OS, Utilities)

Wireless Internetand Mobile IP

•Network interfaces•Handoffs•Multiratecards

•Roaming Support through Mobile IP

•Shield the app. developers from the network heterogeneities

•Provide consistent user interfaces for seamless operations.


Vertical Versus Horizontal Integrations

App1

Platform1

Network1 Integrated Physical Network

App1

Platform1

a). Total Vertical Integration b). Horizontal Integration at Network Level

App 2

Platform2

Network2

App2

Platform2

App1

Network1c). Horizontal Integration at Platform Level

App 2

Network2

Integrated Platform + IP

Platform1

Network1

Platform2

Network2

Integrated Applications

d). Horizontal Integration at Application Level


Wireless Security – The Big Picture

SecuritySolutions

External Factors •Intruder/attacker/assault Threats•Privacy and confidentialty laws•Consumer/customer attitudesOrganizational Requirements•Survivability and Tolerance •Requirements•QoS Requiremensts•Budgettary and policy restrictions

IT Assets•Applications and automated services•Databases, files•Computing platforms•Middleware (e.g., web servers)•Networks (hardware, routing software)

Latest Security Technologies•Cryptographic techniques•Managing digital certificates and PKI•Secure payment systems•Significant research developments

Physical Assets•Humans•Buildings•Other corporate assets(e.g., planes, trains, andautomobiles)

Unique issues: - medium - mobility


User View (PIA4)Privacy

assure privacy of information (i.e., no one other than the authorized people can see the information) in storage or transmission

Integrity the integrity of information (i.e., no unauthorized modification)

Authentication: identify for certain who is communicating with you

Authorization (Access control): determine what access rights that person has).

Accountability (Auditing): . assure that you can tell who did what when and convince yourself that the system keeps its security

promises. Includes non-repudiation (NR) -- the ability to provide proof of the origin or delivery of data. NR protects the sender against a false denial by the recipient that the data has been received. Also

protects the recipient against false denial by the sender that the data has been sent.. a receiver cannot say that he/she never received the data or the sender cannot say that he/she never

sent any data

Availability: access to system when a user needs it


Sample Wireless Security Technologies

Applications

Middleware

Wireless Link

•802.11 security (WEP) •Cellular network security •Satellite link security•WLL and cordless link security

•SSL and TLS•WAP security (WTLS) •Web security (HTTPS, PICS, HTTP Headers) •Proxy server security

•SET for transaction security•S/MIME and PGP for secure email•Java security (sandboxes) •Database security

TCP/IP •IPSEC and wirless VPN •Mobile IP

Can usehigher levelservices to compensate for lower layers

Tradeoffs inperformance and security


Wireless Security Example

Wireless LAN Cell

Wireless LAN Cell

Wireless LAN Cell

CentrexRouter andFirewall

Link to Public Internet

T1orDSL

X

Y Z

LAN Server

Fast Ethernet LAN(Backbone)

1. No physical net security(server ID/PW) 2. No physical net security(server ID/PW + encryption)3. Physical net security at APs(optional server ID/PW + encryption)

A B

C D

Wired Ethernet LAN


Wireless Management and Business

STRATEGIC PLANNING• Business Strategy Analysis•Analyzing Business Processes and Business Workflows•Mobile Application Identification and Selection.

CAPABILITY EVALUATION•Wireless Infrastructure Planning•Capacity Planning & Traffic Engineering•Resource and Cost Estimation

DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT• Mobile application development• Wireless infrastructure developmentOutsourcing the Wireless Infrastructure

MONITORING AND CONTROL•Wireless fault and performance management

•Wireless Security and configuration management

ORGANIZING/STAFFING. Mobile Virtual Teams . Mobile Real-time Enterprises


Wireless Value Chain

Wireless

Network

Operators

Wireless

Network

Element

Providers

Middleware/

Gateway

Providers

Content

Providers/

Aggregators

Mobile

Application

Providers

Mobile

Device

Builders

Enterprise

WirelessUsers


Reference Model

1. Physical

2. Data Layer

3. Network

4. Transport

5. Session

6. Presentation

7. Application

Call Switching

(Cellular networks,Wireless LANs, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)

PSTN Routing

WirelessTelephoneBusiness

IP DataNetwork Routing

WirelessManagement Business

WirelessConsultingBusiness

WirelessTelephonyApplications and Services

Physical Network Elements

WirelessNetworkManagement

WirelessApplication and Platform Management

WirelessNetworkConsultingand EngineeringServices

SystemsConsulting

Applications(e.g., SMS, email,Wireless Web, Mobile EC/EB)

Wireless DataNetworkBusiness


Course Outline: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications

Legend: U: Umar, A., "Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications” SessionsSession 1: Introduction and Mobile Applications U-Ch.1-Ch.2 Session 2: Wireless Web and Wireless Platforms - (U-Ch.3)Session 3: WAP, VoiceXML - (U-Ch.4)Session 4: Wireless Communication Principles (Antennas, Signals) - (U-Ch.5), (S – Ch. 5-6) Session 5: Wireless Communication Technology (spread spectrum, coding and error control ) - (U-Appendix B) Session 6: Wireless LANs and IEEE 802.11 (U-Ch. 6)Session 7: Mobile Adhoc Networks and WPANs (U-Ch. 6, Ch. 7) Session 8:, Bluetooth, UWB, Wireless Sensor Networks (U-Ch. 7-Ch. 10)Session 9: Cellular Networks - 2G, 2.5G, 3G (U-Ch. 8)Session 10: Fixed wireless networks and wireless local loops (U-Ch. 9)Session 11: Satellite Communications, FSO, Flash OFDM - (U-Ch. 9, Ch. 10)Session 12: Wireless Architectures and Traffic Engineering (U-Ch. 11)Session 13: Special topics - wireless security, wireless network management (U-Ch. 12, 13) Session 14-15: Student led discussion on various research and development topics (Project 3)

Note: For variants of this course and additional details/instructional materials, contact me.


Textbook: “Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications”,

A. Umar, NGE Solutions, 2004. Available through Amazon.com

Part I: Mobile Computing Applications and Platforms Chapter 1: Overview and the Big Picture Chapter 2: Mobile Computing Applications: Supporting M-Business and M-Government Chapter 3: Wireless Internet, Mobile IP, and Wireless Web Chapter 4: Mobile Computing Platforms, Middleware, and Servers

Part II: Wireless NetworksChapter 5: Wireless Network Principles Chapter 6: Wireless LANs -- 802.11 and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Chapter 7: Wireless Personal Area Networks: Bluetooth, UWB, and Sensor Networks Chapter 8: Cellular Networks -- From 1G to 5GChapter 9: Wireless Local Loops and Satellite CommunicationsChapter 10: Emerging Wireless Networks: UWB, FSO, MANET, and Flash OFDM

Part III: Architectures, Security and Management Chapter 11: Integrated Architectures for Wireless Chapter 12: Wireless Security Chapter 13: Management and Support Issues Part IV: AppendicesAppendix A: Tutorial on Network Basics Appendix B: Closer Look at Physical Wireless Communications

Ebook version for instructor evaluation and instructor materials are available (contact me)


Concluding Comments

• The following framework (see figure on next page) provides a good framework for R&D trends in mobile computing and wireless communications

• Additional details– Email: [email protected] – Website: www.amjadumar.com


Framework for Discussion: The Building Blocks of Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications

Mobile Business, Government, and Life

Mobile Computing Applications

Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)

Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks,

Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)

•Architectures and Integration

•Wireless Security

•Management and Support

•Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards

Drivers

Enablers Research and development in every building block

Documents

IRMA Wireless Talk