IPv6 and Packet Tracer

© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicIPv6 & Packet Tracer 1

IPv6 and Packet Tracer

Jim Bergquist [email protected] Lakes Country Service Cooperative

Karen Alderson [email protected] Academy Technical Advocacy

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

IPv6 & Packet Tracer 2© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Purpose of This Session

Scope of this session Topics sufficient to give students and instructors a basic

knowledge of how IPv6 works Demos, with Packet Tracer files and lab activities Links to resources that cover more IPv6 topics

To provide a working knowledge to instructors and students for building and troubleshooting simple IPv6 networks


Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space


Earth drawing credit: http://flickr.com/photos/ontdesign/http://search.creativecommons.org/

Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space

Assign one IPv6 address per grain of sand

How many grains of sand would be needed to use all IPv6 addresses?

Fill Earth-sized containers with the sand

128 bit addresses2 128 is a very large number

Fill here

HollowEarth-sizedcontainer

IPv6 address2009:1:3:4EFF:2C:16BA:3D:B012/112

SandGrain

http://flickr.com/photos/ontdesign/

http://search.creativecommons.org/


Visualizing the IPv6 Address SpaceThe Earth-sized containers would make 20 circles around the outer orbit of our solar system (Pluto)

Our Solar System

Blue dots are Earth-

sized containers

Based on image from public image gallery at

http://www.eso.org/

http://www.eso.org/


IPv6 Address Format and Types of Addresses

More information is available in the referenced resources


What IPv6 Addresses Look Like

128 bits are separated into eight blocks of 16 bits Each 16-bit block is represented in hex and delimited

with colons:2001:00D3:0000:2F00:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A

In each 16-bit block, leading zeros may be removed:2001:00D3:0000:2F00:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A2001:D3:0:2F00:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A


Zero Compression (or Shortform)

Consecutive 16-bit blocks of zeroes can be replaced with a double-colon (::)

FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 can be compressed to FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2

The multicast address FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 can be compressed to FF02::2

Zero compression can only be used once in a given address

Otherwise, you could not determine the number of 0 bits represented by each double-colon instance


Teaching Tip

If students have trouble seeing why only one double colon is allowed, give them an example of what would happen if you allowed it. The following two addresses could both be shortened to the third address, so there would be ambiguity

2001:0:0:0:355:0:0:72001:0:0:355:0:0:0:72001::355::7 NOT ALLOWED


IPv6 Address Prefix Length

An address prefix is indicated by the prefix length following a “/” at the end of the address.

Example: 2001:DB8:0:2F00:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64

The prefix length (number of upper bits) is 64 This means the lower 64 bits are used for hosts It is used the same way as CIDR in IPv4 Subnet masks are not used in IPv6


Teaching Tips

To remove the mystery from numbers like B and D3A To see why 32 hex digits represents 128 binary bits To understand where the network and host portion are,

using a classless designation, “/” To understand how stateless autoconfiguration is done

Why emphasize hexadecimal and hex-to-binary conversion?

Fortunately, hex-to-binary conversion is easy

Consider having students memorize the binary equivalent of the 16 hex digits


Fun Teaching Facts The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will

allocate from 2001::/16 for the time beinghttp://www.zytrax.com/tech/protocols/ipv6.html#global

Addresses within 2001:db8::/32 are non-routable and should be used in examples given in documentation for networking scenarios or tutorials

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6

Windows 7 Server, when it is released, will have powerful VPN capabilities. IPv6 needs to be deployed

http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9118322

http://www.zytrax.com/tech/protocols/ipv6.html#global





Types of IPv6 Addresses

Unicast (one to one) Multicast (one to many) Anycast (one to “nearest,” according to a metric) No broadcasts in IPv6

Unicast addresses will be used in this sessionSee additional resources for other definitions

See a description of address types

http://ezinearticles.com/?Cisco-IPv6-Training-Unicast,-Multicast,-and-Anycast-Addresses&id=1312408


Unicast IPv6 AddressesDifferentiated by their scope, as follows: Link-local addresses—only on single link, not routed

FE80 prefix

Unique-local addresses—routed only within private network

FC00 prefix

Global unicast addresses—globally routable2001 prefix currently being issuedGlobal addresses use a 64 bit host portion


IPv6 Address Assignment


IPv6 Address Assignment

Manually (static) Stateless auto-configuration IPv6 dhcp (Stateful autoconfiguration) Link-local addresses are configured automatically

No arp in IPv6. It is replaced by Neighbor Discovery (ND)

Addresses can be assigned in these ways


IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration

1. Host automatically configures its own link-local address

2. With link-local address, a host discovers connected routers to obtain a global prefix

3. A host then builds its own global unicast address

See the provided Activity:Build an IPv6 EUI-64 address.doc


Stateless AutoconfigurationDHCPv6 is not required


Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routingRouter(config)#int fa0/1Router(config-if)#ipv6 addr 2001:db8::/64 eui-64Router(config-if)#ipv6 enableRouter(config-if)#no shut

Stateless AutoconfigurationOnly the network part of the address is suppliedin the ipv6 address command

Because 2001:db8:: ends with “::”, it is not an address. The rest of the address is supplied by the eui-64 process.eui stands for “extended unique identifier”


Stateless AutoconfigurationRouter’s fa0/1 interface generates its link-local address and global unicast address

Router#sho ipv6 int briFastEthernet0/0 [administratively down/down]FastEthernet0/1 [up/up] FE80::201:42FF:FE44:3C02 2001:DB8::201:42FF:FE44:3C02


Stateless Autoconfiguration

On PC’s Config tab, go to Global Settings and select Auto Config button to acquire Gateway address. Note: It is the link-local address of the router’s fa0/1 (It begins with FE80)

Packet Tracer PCs support this


Stateless Autoconfiguration

Select FastEthernet to check if it is set to Auto Config, and has its link-local address and an EUI address.

Packet Tracer PC

Packet Tracer PC line command to obtain both interface and default gateway addresses:PC> ipv6config autoconfig


Commands for Students to Compare

show ip interface brief show ipv6 interface briefshow ip route show ipv6 routeshow ip protocols show ipv6 protocols

Differences in RIP and IPv6 RIP (RIPng)(see example in this presentation)

Differences in OSPF and IPv6 OSPF (OSPFv3)(see example in this presentation)


Ping Command for IPv6

In Cisco routers, it is ping In Packet Tracer routers, it is ping In Packet Tracer PCs, it is ping In Windows XP, it is ping6

Note: • With PT PCs, if you type an IPv6 address incorrectly, for

example with a semicolon, ping will become unresponsive

• Windows XP will report “Host not found”


Packet Tracer ipv6config CommandUsed in Packet Tracer PCs. Similar to ipconfig

In Windows XP:C:\ ipv6 install install the protocol stackC:\ ipconfig display IPv4 and IPv6 addresses


Demo: IPv6 RIP(RIPng)

RIPng (“Next Generation”) is a name used to describe IPv6 RIP


Connectivity Using IPv6 RIPStatic addresses are used between routers.Stateless autoconfiguration is used for hosts.


Global Commands

ipv6 unicast-routing (enable IPv6)

ipv6 router rip CIRCUS (define a process called CIRCUS)

Configure IPv6 RIP on each router

Note: The global commandipv6 router rip CIRCUSwill be automatically configured by the router when IPv6 RIP is configured on an interface (next slide)


Interface Commands- Static Address

ipv6 enableipv6 addr FC00:2::1/112ipv6 rip CIRCUS enableno shut

Note: The IPv4 RIP global network command is not used with IPv6 RIP

Configure interconnecting interfaces on the two routers(example, on fa0/0 of Router1)


Interface Commands- Auto Config

ipv6 enableipv6 addr FC00:3::/64 eui-64ipv6 rip CIRCUS enableno shut

Note: Ensure that the PCs are set for Auto Config in the Config Tab

Note: The process name CIRCUS is user-defined and is local to the router. You can use a different process name on a neighboring router

Configure the router LAN interfaces and the PCs with Auto Config (example, on fa0/1 of Router1)


Ping from PC1 to PC0

Note: The colon, “:” following the address is merely part of the ping output


Demo or Lab: IPv6 OSPF(OSPFv3)

Packet Tracer files and labs are included with the conference materials


Configuring OSPF for IPv6Based on CCNP- BSI Lab 8-1

PingHere


Enable IPv6 Routing

R2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

A global command


Configure Loopback Addresses

R1(config)# interface loopback0 R1(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)# ipv6 address FC00::1:1/112

Needed for OSPFv3

Note: Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are needed on the Loopback interfaces


Configure Serial Addresses

R1(config)# interface serial0/0/0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 address FC00::12:1/112 R1(config-if)# clockrate 64000 R1(config-if)# no shutdown

Use static addressing

Note: The ipv6 enable command is unnecessary if you configure an address on an interface


Configure EUI addresses

R2(config)# interface fastethernet0/0 R2(config-if)# ipv6 address FC00:23::/64 eui-64 R2(config-if)# no shutdown

Configure the router FastEthernet interfaces

Note: Stateless Autoconfiguration works between two routers or between a router and a host


Enable OSPFv3

R2(config)#interface loopback0 R2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 R2(config-if)#interface serial0/0/0 R2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 R2(config-if)#interface fastethernet0/0 R2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

Enable on all interfaces, including Loopback


Verify the Configuration

From host PC0PC>ping FC00::12:1

From router R1R1#show ipv6 ospf neighbor R1#show ipv6 route R1#show ipv6 ospf interface R1#show ipv6 protocolR1#show ipv6 ospf database R1#show run

Use these commands to verify the configuration and to examine tables


ICMPv6 Packet Type Numbers

You can look at packet details with Packet Tracer

Also see included Activity:

Comparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Packet Type numbers.doc


Some ICMPv6 Type Numbers

Router Advertisement(Neighbor Discovery)- 134

Specific to IPv6Sent periodically to neighbors

v6 Echo Request (ping)- 128Compare with v4: Type 8

v6 Echo Reply (ping)- 129Compare with v4: Type 0

Activity: Use Packet Tracer in Simulation modeClick a packet to see type number

Type 134


Broken Network Example

Let’s fix it!


This Network has a Problem

Uses IPv6 RIP

Static IPv6 addresses between routers

Stateless autoconfiguration for hosts

What IPv6 address is assigned to each PC?



A. sho ipv6 protocol on Routers 1 and 2

B. sho ipv6 route on Routers 1 and 2

C. sho ipv6 int brief on Routers 1 and 2

D. ping from PC1 to PC0 inSimulation mode

Problem is in Router1 or Router2

What do you think we should do first?



What should we do next?

A. sho run on Routers 1 and 2



D. sho ipv6 rip database on Routers 1 and 2



Which of these is the problem?

A. Missing RIP enable command on an interface

B. Missing IPv6 address on a serial interface

C. ipv6 rip is not enabled globally on a router

D. Clock not set on a serial DCE interface


Another Broken Network Example

Let’s fix this one, too!


This Network has a ProblemProblem is in Router0 or Router1



A. sho ipv6 protocol on Routers 0 and 1



D. ping from PC1 to PC0 in Simulation mode

What should we do first?


This Network has a ProblemWhat should we do next?

A. sho run on Routers 0 and 1



D. sho ipv6 rip database on Routers 0 and 1


This Network has a ProblemWhich of these is the problem?

A. Missing ipv6 rip CIRCUS enable command on an interface

B. Missing IPv6 address on an interface

C. ipv6 rip is not enabled globally on a router

D. Interface is shut down


Now You Can Configure a Network

Use your knowledge to create a working network


Configure this Network in Packet Tracer Routers and hosts need to be configured Use the suggested networks, and IPv6 RIP

DCE


What You Can Do To Help

Contribute your work


Share Your Packet Tracer Files and Activities Login to http://cisco.netacad.net >> Instructor Home

Page >> Forums and Chat In Instructor Community, click Packet Tracer If you have a Packet Tracer file (.pkt), click Discuss

Best PracticesBest Practices for teaching and using PT in the classroom

If you have a Packet Tracer Activity (.pka), click Activity WizardAuthor and share activities within your postings

Add a Discussion, describe your Packet Tracer file or Activity and attach it

http://cisco.netacad.net/


Communicating Between IPv4 and IPv6

One example of several technologies


1 Scott Hogg , Network World , 09/05/2007http://www.networkworld.com/news/tech/2007/090507-tech-uodate.html

Communicating Between ProtocolsStudents will ask “Can you communicate between IPv4 and IPv6 networks?”

Dual Stack (dual OSI stack)“Dual stack where you can; tunnel where you must.” 1

TunnelingSee CCNP- BSI, Labs 8.2 and 8.3

Note: PT Routers do not have the tunnel command

Address TranslationAddress translation may not become widely used1

http://www.networkworld.com/news/tech/2007/090507-tech-uodate.html


Dual Stack Example

Dual stack means configuring IPv4 and IPv6 on at least one router interface

No special router commands neededWorks on any router that supports IPv6

Main tasks:Configure IPv4 and/or IPv6 addresseson appropriate interfaces

Enable RIP and IPv6 RIP routing protocols (or OSPF and OSPFv3)Note: The routing tables are separate


Dual StackExampleIPv4 host can ping IPv4 host

IPv6 host can ping IPv6 host

Dual stack implemented

here

IPv4 and IPv6 host


IPv4 Routing Table, Router0

Router0#sho ip route

<output omitted>

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/1

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1


IPv6 Routing Table, Router0Router0#sho ipv6 routeIPv6 Routing Table - 6 entries

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP externalR 2009:1:1::/64 [120/1] via FE80::230:F2FF:FE0D:A6CE, Serial0/0/0C 2009:1:3::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/1L 2009:1:3:0:20A:41FF:FE5C:E602/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/1C FC00:2::/112 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0L FC00:2::2/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0


Ping from PC0 to the IPv4 PC (PC1)


Ping from PC0 to the IPv6 PC (PC2)


Q and A


List of Activities and Provided Worksheets


List of Included Activities

Stateless AutoconfigurationStateless Autoconfig.pktBuild an IPv6 EUI-64 Address.doc (A separate activity)

IPv6 RIPIPv6 RIP.pkt

IPv6 OSPFIPv6 OSPF CCNP Lab 8-1.pkt

Comparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 PacketsComparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Packet types.docComparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Packet types_ANSWERS.docICMPv4 ICMPv6 packets.pkt

Packet Tracer files accompany most Activities


List of Included Activities

Broken Networks3 Router-IPv6 RIP-broken1.pktIPv6 RIP-broken2.pkt

Unconfigured NetworkUnconfigured.pkt (Configured.pkt included for reference)

Dual StackDual stack-both IPv6 and IPv4.pkt

Upgrade IOS for PT 2620XM to support IPv6Upgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router.docUpgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router_ANSWERS.docNo pkt file

Packet Tracer files accompany most Activities


Links to Additional Information


Topics Covered in Other Resources

Why IPv6, and why not NAT? Time frame for implementation Details of the parts of the address Special addresses Type and scope of addresses Details of packet header

See the links to resources and additional information


Topics Covered in Other Resources

Neighbor discovery IPv6 ACLs Security with IPv6 Mobility with IPv6 IPv4 to IPv6 migration: dual stack, tunneling, translation Current deployment status of IPv6 Some IPv6 sites on internet

See the links to resources and additional information


Additional Information

Deploying IPv6 Networks, Ciprian Popoviciu, Eric Levy-Abegnoli, Patrick Grosstete, Cisco Press (go to)

Guide to IPv6 concepts, service implementation, and interoperability

Cisco Self-Study: Implementing Cisco IPv6 Networks, Regis Desmeules, Cisco Press (go to)

Design, build, configure, and support IPv6 networks

Configuring IPv6 for Cisco IOS, Sam Brown, Eric Knipp, et al, Callisma (go to)

Everything you need to monitor and troubleshoot IPv6 networks

Books and Google Books

http://www.ciscopress.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=1587052105

http://www.ciscopress.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=1587050862

http://books.google.com/books?id=rj45JvYuOdIC&dq=ipv6+for+cisco+ios&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=y98SSvrtGs-EmQfLqPzqAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11



Running IPv6, Iljitsch van Beijnum (go to)How to install and operate IPv6 for Windows, Linux, Mac OS

IPv6: Theory, Protocol and Practice, Peter Loshin (go to)Guide to implementation and deployment of IPv6

IPv6 Advanced Protocols Implementation, Qing Li, Tatuya Jinmei, Keiichi Shima (go to)Advanced IPv6 implementation of routing, multicasting, DHCPv6, DNS, security, mobility

Books and Google Books

http://books.google.com/books?id=UuIqKlWVaKcC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=ipv6+globally+routable+address+range&source=web&ots=2XXQZsF_7v&sig=ZNfEtBFpDqzj1JLr2XwLq2W0pZc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result

http://books.google.com/books?id=UuIqKlWVaKcC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=ipv6+globally+routable+address+range&source=web&ots=2XXQZsF_7v&sig=ZNfEtBFpDqzj1JLr2XwLq2W0pZc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result

http://books.google.com/books?id=hLla7eXMbxEC&pg=PA395&lpg=PA395&dq=ipv6+neighbor+discovery+vlan&source=web&ots=6DVCCkPE6h&sig=rs1-5mLCD_OVTFcUNlKDQGxMIUE&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA170,M1

http://books.google.com/books?id=hLla7eXMbxEC&pg=PA395&lpg=PA395&dq=ipv6+neighbor+discovery+vlan&source=web&ots=6DVCCkPE6h&sig=rs1-5mLCD_OVTFcUNlKDQGxMIUE&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA170,M1

http://books.google.com/books?id=6nNjcItz6H4C&pg=PA294&lpg=PA294&dq=duid+format&source=bl&ots=MFzfvXsQ1G&sig=13_ZXy0fCdYWpK1Cd_iFm9XNd4s&hl=en&ei=cacDSvERzYO2B-vGmfgG&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5



Introduction to IPv6 – Why IPv6? (go to)Overview and In-depth sections

Introduction to IPv6 (go to)Technology information, Design and Configuration Guides

Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference (go to)Excellent source for learning and troubleshooting

Cisco IPv6 Quick Start Trial (go to)A how-to, using equipment

List of RFCs for IPv6 (go to)Useful for understanding Cisco IPv6 implementations

IPv6 documentation at cisco.com

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6553/products_ios_technology_home.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk872/tsd_technology_support_protocol_home.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3t/ipv6/ipv6_r.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/iosswrel/ps6537/ps6553/prod_presentation0900aecd80311dfc.pdf

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/ipv6/configuration/guide/ip6-roadmap.html#wp1158573



Cisco IOS IPv6 Configuration Library (go to)Guides for implementing many IPv6 functions and protocols

IPv6 Tunneling (go to)Describes many different tunneling protocols

Tunneling IPv6 through an IPv4 Network (go to)Five-router example with configurations

ICMPv6 Packet Types and Codes – TechNote (go to)All of the types and codes for ICMPv6 packets

IPv6 documentation at cisco.com

http://cco.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2t/ipv6/ipv6_vgf.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk827/tk369/tsd_technology_support_protocol_home.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk872/technologies_configuration_example09186a00800b49a5.shtml#diag

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a0080113b1c.shtml



“IPv6” (go to)General IPv6 information, FAQ, links

go6, (“The IPv6 portal”) (go to)Upcoming events, blog, wiki, newsletter, member area

IPv6 Task Force (“The IPv6 Portal”) (go to)Introduction, news, pressroom, RSS, IPv6 Guide, and Portal

The IPv6 Forum (go to)Events, news, book recommendations, government news, competitions, and an “IPv4 Exhaustion Counter”!

Portals, Forums, information sites

http://www.ipv6.org/

http://www.go6.net/

http://www.ipv6tf.org/

http://www.ipv6forum.com/



IETF RFC repository (go to)Find an RFC if you know its number

networksorcery.com list of IPv6 RFCs (go to)Excellent searchable list, including obsoleted RFCs

Microsoft IPv6 implementation (go to)RFCs used to implement IPv6 in Windows 2003 Server and XP

RFC 2460 IPv6 Specification (1998) RFC 4291- IPv6 Addressing Architecture (2006) RFC 2462- IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration (1998)

Useful RFCs and lists

http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html

http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/protocol/ipv6.htm

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc782695(WS.10).aspx



IPv6 Deployment Guide (go to)Detailed and indexed, 14 chapters

IPv6 Concepts from Cisco Networkers 2006 (go to)Still useful information

IPv6-Intro.ppt and IPv6-Using_in_the_Network.pptIncluding Lesson Plans for each. At Academy Connection, click File Sharing, use keyword ipv6

Online resources

http://www.networkdictionary.com/Networking/IPv6-Deployment-Guide.php

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/iosswrel/ps6537/ps6553/prod_presentation0900aecd80311dff.pdf


Additional Information and a Thank You

IPv6 cheat sheet (go to)Address ranges, ICMPv6 type numbers, header structure, more

Technical Facts at European IPv6 Task Force (go to)Brief summary of key information. See RFC2460 for full specs.

A big “thank you” to Dallas Shiroma, manager of Emerging Technologies, Pacific Center for Advanced Technology Training, Honolulu, HI, for permission to use of some slides in this session

Online resources

http://www.estoile.com/links/ipv6.pdf

http://www.ipv6.eu/default.asp?show=1&varuid=&lid=2&ulid=43




FAQ Area


Where is IPv6 covered in Exploration?

Network Fundamentals6.3.6

Routing Protocols and Concepts1.1.3, 3.1.1, 5.1.1, 10.2.3, 11.1.1, 11.7.1

LAN Switching and Wirelessno coverage

Accessing the WAN7.0.1, 7.3, 7.5.1


Where is IPv6 covered in Discovery?

Networking for Home and Small BusinessesNo coverage

Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP4.1.6

Introducing Routing and Switching in the Enterprise5.2.1

Designing and Supporting Computer Networks6.3


What are the IPv6 Goal Areas in the CCNA Certification Exam?

Use the Cisco Learning Network (go to) Find CCNA Exam Topics (login required). IPv6 topics are:

Describe the technological requirements for running IPv6 in conjunction with IPv4 (including: protocols, dual stack, tunneling, etc)

Describe IPv6 addresses

https://cisco.hosted.jivesoftware.com/index.jspa?ciscoHome=true


Where is IPv6 covered in CCNP?

CCNP: Building Scalable Internetworks Module 8: IPv6

8.1 Explaining IPv68.2 IPv6 Addressing8.3 Dynamic IPv6 Addresses8.4 IPv6 Routing8.5 Implementing and Verifying OSPFv38.6 Using IPv6 and IPv48.7 IPv6 Challenge Labs


What are the IPv6 Goal Areas in the CCNP Certification Exams? Use the Cisco Learning Network (go to) Find CCNP Exam Topics (login required). IPv6 topics are: BSCI Exam:

Describe IPv6 addressing operationsDescribe IPv6 interoperation with IPv4Describe, configure or verify OSPF routing with IPv6 addressing

BCMSN Exam: None explicitly listed ISCW Exam: None explicitly listed ONT Exam: None explicitly listed

https://cisco.hosted.jivesoftware.com/index.jspa?ciscoHome=true


How can I keep all the IPv6 addressing rules straight? Hosts should have globally routable addresses created

with stateless autoconfigurationUse 2001 prefixUse /64 eui-64 to create them

Serial links between routers should not use globally routable addresses

Use FC00 prefix and static addressingUse a prefix length /64However, the prefix length could also be, for example, /112


More about Stateless Autoconfiguration: eui-64 process Cisco uses the EUI-64 process to perform

stateless auto-configuration EUI stands for “extended unique identifier” This process expands the 48 bit MAC address to 64 bits

by inserting FFFE (16 bits) If the chosen address is from a unique Ethernet MAC

address, the universal / local (“u” bit) is set to 1 for global scope

Other interfaces, such as serial (no MAC address), use a different method to build the address and have the u bit set to 0 for local scope

See http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2374.txt and http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2373.html

http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2374.txt

http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2373.html


More about Stateless Autoconfiguration: IPv6 Interface IdentifierUses MAC Address

00 90 27 FF FE 17 FC 0F

FF FE

00 90 27 17 FC 0F

00 90 27 17 FC 0F

000000U0 Where U=1 = Unique0 = Not Unique

02 90 27 FF FE 17 FC 0F

U = 1

48 bit MAC Address

64 bits become part of IPv6 address


What is subnetting like in IPv6?

Sixteen subnet bits, from /49 to /64 are given to a site

With the 16 subnet bits, a company can have 65,535 LANs

A similar concept, but many bits available


Does BGP Support IPv6?

The current version of BGP is BGP4 BGP4 does support IPv6 See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-ipv6-01

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-ipv6-01


Teaching Tips

Routers will accept more than one IPv6 address on an interface. An error is generated only if a network overlaps with another one on the router

Students may make typos and enter an erroneous address, then forget to remove it

Ask students to use the show ipv6 interface brief command frequently to check for this

Unless you need IPv4 configured on an interface, use only IPv6 in your initial examples so students clearly see what protocol is allowing traffic to move


What IOS do I need to run IPv6? You need 12.0(21)T, or later, or 12.2(2)T or later Not all functionality is included in these releases

Example: 12.3(2)T does not support IPv6 DHCP

To find out when a command was introduced, see the Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference (go to). Locate the command. The listing will show when it was introduced

Also see Cisco IOS Software Release Specifics for IPv6 Features (go to)

The Packet Tracer 2620XM router does not support IPv6 unless you upgrade the IOS image

See the Activity included with this session: Upgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router.doc

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3t/ipv6/ipv6_r.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/ipv6/configuration/guide/ip6-roadmap.html


One Interface, Several Addresses

Router#show run (part of output)ipv6 unicast-routing

interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ipv6 address 2001:1:1::/64 eui-64 ipv6 address 2001:DB8:2::1/112 ipv6 address FC00:1:3::1/112 ipv6 address FC00:1:4::1/112

Example, of IPv4 address and four IPv6 addresses, in addition to link-local address (not shown)


How well does Packet Tracer 5.1 Handle IPv6?

Packet Tracer Issues When creating a new network, if IPv6 RIP routing

does not work, save the file, close and open PT Static IPv6 assignments may not work reliably with

hosts. They may be lost when PT file is re-opened. Use stateless autoconfiguration for all router interfaces to hosts

A few issuesIf you discover one, please report it


Tunneling Conceptual DiagramIslands of IPv6 can communicate through the more common IPv4 cloud


Tunneling Conceptual DiagramIPv6 packet can be encapsulated in an IPv4 packet


IPv4 / IPv6 Translation

Translates packet headers from IPv6 to IPv4 (or vice versa)

Translates the addresses in the headers from IPv6 to IPv4 (or vice versa)

Implementation is more complex than this See, for example,

http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/08nov/slides/behave-5.pdf

IPv4 Network

IPv6 Network

IP and ICMPTranslator

http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/08nov/slides/behave-5.pdf


Documents

IPv6 and Packet Tracer