Ioxus Intro 8 27 2009 No Spec Sheets

MissionIoxus, Inc. develops, manufactures

and commercializes innovative ultracapacitor technologies to serve a wide range of power delivery and

energy storage markets

© 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ioxus Quick Bio

Founded 2006

Technology EDLCs (Ultracapacitors); Pseudo-EDLCs

Markets Served • Transportation• Renewable Energy• Material Handling

• Utilities• Military

Financing VC funded and grant funded from federal, state and local sources

Parent Company Custom Electronics, Inc. (Est. 1964)

Factory 10,000 sq. ft. Manufacturing Plant7,500 sq. ft. Technology Development

Management Team

• CEO – Michael Pentaris• COO - Chad Hall• VP of Marketing - Michael Tentnowski• CTO - Thor Eilertsen

Employees 20+ and growing

Location Oneonta, NY


What is that name?

• Ioxus is a Greek word that means power• EDLC or Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors are

sometimes called Supercapacitors or Ultracapacitors


• P-EDLC or Pseudo Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors are sometimes called Hybrid Capacitors

What is an EDLC?

• An EDLC is a device that has higher power density than batteries and much higher energy density than other types of capacitors

• EDLCs operate in the 0 – 2.7 VDC range

AvailablePerformance

Lead AcidBattery

Ultracapacitor ConventionalCapacitor

Charge Time 1 to 5 hrs 0.3 to 30 s 10-3 to 10-6 sDischarge Time 0.3 to 3 hrs 0.3 to 60 s 10-3 to 10-6 sEnergy (Wh/kg) 10 to 100 1 to 10 < 0.1Cycle Life 1,000 >500,000 >500,000Specific Power (W/kg) <1000 <10,000 <100,000Charge/discharge efficiency

0.7 to 0.85 0.85 to 0.98 >0.95


What is a P-EDLC?

• P-EDLCs are a hybrid between an EDLC and a lithium ion battery in a single cell

• P-EDLCs have more energy storage than EDLCs• P-EDLCs operate in the 0 – 2.3 VDC range• P-EDLCs have twice the capacitance of EDLCs

with the same physical dimensions


How does an EDLC work?

• EDLCs store energy by polarizing an ionic solution at the surfaces of highly porous carbon electrodes

• Nanoscale charge separation coupled with enormous surface area, makes multiFarad capacitors possible

Ioxus Electrode at 1000X© 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

What does it do?

• EDLCs provide sustained power output when demand changes abruptly, such as when accelerating in an electric vehicle

• EDLCs can absorb current much faster than batteries, allowing them to fully charge in seconds to minutes

• Low internal resistance makes EDLCs much more powerful and efficient that batteries


How do I use it?

• A single EDLC cell operates in the 0 – 2.7 VDC range, so they must be connected in series to meet higher working voltages, much like cells are serially connected in a storage battery

• A pack of EDLC cells connected in parallel to a DC voltage source will act as a low pass filter, absorbing current spikes while keeping voltage from changing quickly


Why Ioxus EDLCs?

• Ioxus cells provide more power per unit of mass than any other brand of EDLC

• Ioxus is the only EDLC manufacturer in the United States that makes its own electrode

• Ioxus can make custom tailored solutions for applications with innovative package design

• Ioxus cells are environmentally friendly and RoHS compliant


Very Low Maintenance

• EDLCs are rated for 500,000+ full charge and full discharge cycles

• P-EDLCs are rated for 20,000+ cycles

• Once they are installed, they are maintenance free for a 10 year or longer service life


Energy Harvesting

• EDLCs have charge-to-discharge efficiencies above 90% over a large temperature and power range making them perfect for energy storage in off-grid renewable energy powered applications

• Batteries have charge-to-discharge efficiencies of 60% or less, depending on conditions


Battery vs. Battery + EDLCs

• A single lift in this example draws over 700A peak from a battery

• When a bank of EDLCs is connected in parallel with the battery, the current spikes are smoothed out and magnitude is reduced

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

100

200

300

400

500

600

Battery (A)

Battery (A) + EDLCs

Time [s]

Curr

ent [

A]

Battery CurrentForklift Application


Discharge curve of an Ioxus EERS in a material handling application

Power Factor Correction

• EDLCs can be used to limit the effects of reactive loads on the power grid

• All 4 quadrants of apparent power can be actively controlled to move the power factor close to unity

Source: EESAT 2005 “Transmission Ultracapacitor Utilizing ETO and UCAP,”

S. Attcity, et al


Concentrated Solar Tracking

• Concentrated solar collectors need to be constantly repositioned to face the sun

• EDLCs can provide the momentary power needed to move the actuators

• The collectors can be repositioned at the end of the day without power input from collector or power grid


Distributed Energy Harvesting

• EDLCs can provide a variable energy buffer for renewable energy powered structures

• Compact wind turbines can provide energy from updrafts for lighting, recharging electric vehicles, etc.


Parking Garage LightingWind Turbines EDLCs

What does the future hold?

• Ioxus R&D is working in many areas1. Better packaging that what is commercially available2. Greater power and energy density in cells3. New material developments for cell construction

and device packaging4. Innovative system integration and power electronics5. Higher working voltages at the component level6. Patentable industry changing technologies


Contact Ioxus +1 877-751-4222


15 years of engineering leadership; primarily responsible for dramatic improvements to manufacturing operations

17 years of Marketing and Business Development of high-tech companies and products; National Lab technology commercialization

30 years as Research Engineer; instrumental in pioneering new technologies; developed original concepts that expand electrochemical voltage limits for EDLCs

[email protected] Tel: 607-433-9011 x 205

[email protected] Tel: 607-433-9011 x 210

[email protected]: 607-433-9011 x 204

mailto:[email protected]



Documents

Ioxus Intro 8 27 2009 No Spec Sheets