Chemistry Project

“The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction, both are transformed.” 

___C.G.Jung

Aim is to find “Determination of Contents of Cold Drinks”

Submitted by:

“Umair Husain”

‘XII-D’

44

CertificateThis is hereby to certify that the

original and genuine investigation work has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data

collection & investigation has been completed solely, sincerely

& outstandingly by UMAIR HUSAIN of class XII-D, DAV

Public School,

Regarding the topic_”Determination

of contents of Cold Drinks”

This is submitted for complete fulfillment of the requirement of the

senior secondary certificate

Mrs.Rajju

(Chemistry Teacher)

*IndeX*1. Introduction2. Theory3. Aim4. Apparatus5. Chemicals Required6. Detection of pH

7. Test for CO2

8. Test for Glucose(C6H12O6)

9. Test for Phosphate(PO4

3-)10.Test for Alcohol(R-OH)

11.Test for Sucrose(C12H22O11)

12.Result13.Conclusion

+Bibliography

^Introduction

^The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization in India marked its beginning with launching of Limca & Gold spot by Parley group of companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring, many MNC’s launched their brands in India like Pepsi & Coke. Nowadays, it is observed in general that majority of people

viewed Sprite, Fanta & Limca to give feeling of lightness while Pepsi & Thumbs up to activate pulse & brain.

TheoryCold drinks of different brands & composed of

alcohol, carbohydrates, CO2,

PO43-

, etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth,

lightness & have a tangy taste which is liked by

everyone. CO2 is responsible for the

formation of froth on shaking the bottle. The CO2 gas is dissolve in water to

form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the

tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and r major source of energy to

our body. General formula of carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y.

On the basis of their molecular size

carbohydrates are classified as Mono, Di &

Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with

formula C6H12O6.It occurs in Free State in ripens

grapes in bones & also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful Disaccharides in our

daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds & also in

flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is

sugar cane juice which contain 15-20% sucrose and sugar beet which has about

10-17% sucrose. The molecular formula of

sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is

non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic

in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH value also depends on the acidic

behavior.

AiMQuantitative & Comparitative

analysis of different brands of

Cold drinks available in the

market.

Apparatus

1. Test tube holder2. Stopwatch3. Beaker4. Bunsen burner5. pH paper6. Tripod stand7. China Dish8. Wire gauze9. Water bath

Chemicals Required1. Iodine soln

2. KI3. NaOH4. Lime Water5. Fehling’s A & B soln

6. Con(HNO3)

Detection of pH

ExperimentSmall samples of cold drinks

of different brands were taken in a test tube & put on the pH paper. The change in color of pH paper was noticed & was compared with standard pH

scale.

ObservatioN

S.no. Name Observation

Conclusion

Inference

“Soft Drinks are acidic”

Test for CO2

Experiment

As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were passed through lime

water. The lime water turned milky.

Observation

S.no. Name Time

taken

Conclusio

n

5. Coke 28 CO2 presen

t 6. Sprite 20 CO2

present

7. Limca 38 CO2 presen

t 8. Fanta 36 CO2

present

Inference

“Soft Drinks contains CO2”

Test for Glucose

ExperimentGlucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the

following test.

#1 Benedict’s Reagent Test

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a

test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s Reagent were added.

The test tubes was heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish color

confirmed GLUCOSE.

Observation

S.no Name Observation

Conclusion

9. Coke10. Sprite11. Limca12. Fanta

Inference

“All soft drinks contain Glucose”

Fehling’s sol n test Small samples of cold drinks

were taken in test tubes & few drops of Fehling’s A soln & B

soln was added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in water bath for 10

min. Appearance of brown ppt. confirms the presence of

glucose in cold drinks.

ObservationsS.no. Name Obser

vation Conclusion

13. Coke14. Sprite15. Limca16. Fanta

Inference

“Glucose is present in soft drinks”

Test for PO42-Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in

separate test tubes and ammonium molybdate

followed by con. HNO3 was added to it. The soln was

heated. Appearance of canary yellow ppt. confim the

presence of PO42-

Observation

Inference

“PO42- is present in soft drinks”

Test for AlcoholSmall samples of each brand of

cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and I2

followed by KI & NaOH soln was added to each test tube then the test tubes were heated in

hot water bath for 30 min. Appearance of yellow coloured ppt. confimed the presence of

alcohol in cold drinks.

Observation

Inference

“Soft drinks contain R-OH”

Test for Sucrose5ml samples of each brand of

cold drinks were taken in separate chna dishes and were

heated very strongly until changes occu. Black color residue left confimed the

presence of sucrose in cold

drinks.

Observations

Inference

“All cold drinks contain sucrose”

ResultSAfter conducting several tests, it is concluded that different brands of cold

drinks namely:

1COKE

2SPRITE3LIMCA

4FANTA

All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate & carbon

dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On

comparing the pH value of different brands COKE is most acidic and LIMCA is least acidic of all the 4

brands taken. Among the 4 samples of cold drinks taken, sprite has a max. amount of dissolve CO2 & fanta has the

min. amount of dissolved CO2.

PrecautionsSome of the precautions

which need to be taken care of are :

1. Conc. Solns should be handled with immense

care.2. Hands should be washed

thoroughly after performing each

experiment.3. If possible, one should

wear hand gloves to

prevent from any possible damage.

4. If chemicals come into contact their skin or eyes, flushed immediately with copious amounts of water.5. Never leave burners

unattended. Turn them off whenever you leave your

workstation.6. Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are

heating at yourself.

Conclusion

Dis advantages of cold drinks:

1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large amount which causes problems in diabetic patients.

2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.

3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the Ca so they are also harmful for our bones.

4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8.So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.

5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly conceive material.

6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are harmful to our body.

Uses Of Cold Drinks

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.

3. They clean corrosion from car battery’s terminals.

4. They are used as an excellent detergent to remove grease from clothes.

5. They can loose a rusted bolt.

[Bibliography]

Following books and websites were a source for my project. www.wikipedia.com

www.yahooanswers.co m

www.khanacademy.co m

www.meritnation.com

Thank you for devoting your valuable time for inspecting my

work.