Introductions, Previews, Conclusions, Transitions, and

Thesis StatementsMr. Sanders

Sept 19-24th 2014

• We have 4 straight days of PPT notes in here, then we are pretty much done for the semester. Really!– 2 days of attention getters, transitions, and

conclusions to strengthen the outline (the skeleton/the body)

• Separate your notes into 5 sections (Intro/Preview/Conclusions/Thesis statements/Transitions)

– 2 days of literary elements to strengthen the body (meat)

• Before we start, did anyone analyze their friends/family in terms of communication styles?

• Circles?• Squares?• Triangles?• Rhombus?

– What category did your friends/family fall under? Is this the same category as you? Different?

Seriously? Who cares about this PPT?

• Purpose: The effect of a speech depends heavily on how you greet the audience, how you leave the audience, and how your speech hangs together. Therefore you must put time and effort into introductions, conclusions, and transitions.

• Note: You can not get an A, B, or C on the 3 biggest grades in here or pass the Final Exam if you do not pay attention today! I expect you to know this information VERY well. We will use this information EVERY DAY!

Big Idea #1: Why we have “Introductions”

• Introduction has three purposes…– Gain Attention – Convince your audience that you

are going to be good at this!– Present your topic and purpose – You should

preview your main points by the end of your Intro– Connect with your audience – You must come

across as interested in your topic and your listeners POV (point-of-view)

6 Types of Introductions (1-4)• Startling Statement* – “Jesse is a normal three-

year-old child except for one thing: she is the victim of child abuse.”

• Rhetorical Question* – “What do Albert Einstein, Cher, and Tom Cruise have in common? They have all overcome dyslexia.”

• Humor – “What ten letter word starts with G-A-S? It’s automobile and this year we may run short again.”

• Quotation – Put a quotation at the beginning and end that relate to your theme.

Write your own AGD: Topic = Economy, Star Wars, Pets,

or anything else!

• Startling statement– The US is $_______ in debt. That means that….

• Rhetorical question

• Humor

• Quotation

Monday, 09/22/14 - BellRinger

• On Friday, we discussed 4/6 types of AGD’s. Write 4 different AGD’s on the topic of: Music.

• Rhetorical question• Humor • Startling statement• Quotation

Introductions (5-6)

• 5-Story/Personal Experience/Example* – • “Many years ago, a stranger arrived in our town. He wore

ragged clothes and carried a walking stick. It turns out this homeless man was my father!”

• “Who would want to spend hours in the blazing sun digging carefully in the dirt with a small spoon? I did.”

• “Anne Graves, age four, died from a gunshot wound to the chest. Her killer was shocked and heartbroken. He was her six-year-old brother, who had found a loaded gun.”

• 6-Reference to occasion – “Thank you for having me here. I am very pleased to present this award to…”

AGD 5-6 practiceTopic: Animals

• Story/Personal Experience/Example –

• Reference to occasion -

Using one of the 6 AGD’s you just learned, Re-write this

Introduction.• “I’m going to talk to you today about something I

find interesting. I’ve been interested in this for a long time. Most of you should find it interesting, too. You may have seen dolphins at the zoo. My topic today will be on communication with dolphins.” – THIS IS NOT A GOOD EXAMPLE. FIX THIS.– Write your own example.– Share examples with people around you, then with

the class.

2013 World Public Speaking Champion

• Video – 7 minutes– Notice the power of storytelling in a speech

Big Idea #2: Why we have “Conclusions” 3 purposes

• Summarize your main points

• Repeat your main goal

• Provide a clear ending – Don’t leave the listeners wondering whether the speech is over. Give a final decisive statement.

3 types of Conclusions– Summary/Review Statement – THIS MUST HAPPEN AS THE

FIRST SENTENCE OF EVERY CONCLUSION. “So today we examined 1st, 2nd, 3rd…”

• Quotation – Just like my mom always said, “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re going to get.”

• Appeal / Challenge – Asking or motivating the audience to do something – “Please remember that seat belts save lives and prevent serious injury. Buckle up!”

• Story – Connecting your AGD story to your end

Big Idea #3: Preview/Review Statement

• Preview Statement: comes directly after your thesis statement.– “So today we will examine 1st…., 2nd….. And finally….

• Review Statement: comes directly after the last line in your final body paragraph.– “So today we examined 1st…,2nd…and finally…”

• I expect you to know and apply this on every speech from here on out. More often in speeches than English papers.

PRACTICE IT!!!

– Why are these poor examples?

• “So today we looked at Dolphins. Okay, I’m done.”• “As we learned today, Dolphin communication is

awesome communication. And that’s my speech.”

– Write your own conclusion to your dolphin AGD (Attention Getting Device) from earlier, but make them better than these two.

Thesis Statements

Practice topic:

• Write a bad thesis statement.

• Write a better thesis statement.

• What makes for a good thesis statement?

Big Idea #4: Thesis Statements (C+B+R)

• A sentence or two that describes the main idea of your speech and main argument that you are trying to make.

• Claim + Because + Reason = Good Thesis Statement

• Claim = “Sexist language in textbooks is harmful”

• Insert the word “BECAUSE”

• Reason = “it reinforces negative stereotypes about many groups and individuals.”

• C + B + R can also be FLIPPED to B + R + C• Because + Reason + Claim = Also a Good Thesis Statement

• “Because the internet is filled with tremendous marketing potential, companies should exploit this potential by using Web pages that offer advertising and customer support.”

Thesis practice• Write 3 thesis statements choosing from 6 of these topics.

• Space Travel• “Learning about space travel is important because we can

never learn about worlds beyond ours if we don’t at least try to explore.”

• Today’s fashion• Adoption• Missing children• Teenage life• Sports in school• Uniforms in school

Big Idea #5: Transitions

• Meanwhile,• First,• Second,• Also,• Next,• As a result,• In addition to,

These will help you in ALL your writing for

Speech and English classes!

Transitions

• Moving to,• For example,• On the contrary,• To sum up,• Another point,• On the other hand,• Conversely,

Transitions

• In contrast,• In conclusion,• In the second place, • Furthermore, • Finally,• Therefore,