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Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS

Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

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Page 1: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Introduction to Virology

Dr Thanda Kyaw

Department of Virology

UL(Medunsa)/NHLS

Page 2: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Objectives

• At the end of the lecture the learner will be able to

– Draw, label and describe the structure & morphology of viruses

– Describe the important characteristics of viruses

– Understand the different classifications of viruses

– Understand the nomenclature of viruses

– List the steps for viral replication of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses

Page 3: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Virus (Latin, poison)

Viruses are very small <300nm

They can infect all living cells Plants, animals, bacteria

Viruses cannot grow outside the living cell (intracellular parasite)

Viruses do not grow like bacteria, they assemble proteins and genome before being released

They can adapt the environment and change very rapidly

Page 4: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Virus (Virion)

• Acellular particle

• Innermost part is a genome which can be RNA or DNA

• Genome is protected by protein capsid which is made up of small identical protein sub-units called capsomers

• Some viruses has lipid bilayer envelope

• Outermost projections from capsid or envelope is called peplomers

Page 5: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Hellical Nucleocapsid

• Nucleocapsid

• Nucleic acid (genome, RNA or DNA) plus capsid

Page 6: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be
Page 7: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Virus Classification

• Based on – Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)- RNA viruses, DNA

viruses

– Morphology: Icosahedral virus, helical virus, enveloped & non-enveloped etc

– Replication strategy (Baltimore classification):group 1-7

– Host species: animal viruses, human viruses etc

– Diseases caused: hepatitis viruses, haemorrhagic fever viruses etc.

Page 8: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Taxonomy of Viruses

• Naming and placement of viral species into the framework

– Order (-virales)

– Family (-viridae)

– Subfamily (-virinae)

– Genus (-virus)

– Species (-virus)

Page 9: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be
Page 10: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be
Page 11: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be
Page 12: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Stages of Viral Replication

• Adsorption

• Entry

• Uncoating

• Transcription (genome is transcribed)

• Synthesis of viral components

• Assembly

• Release

Page 13: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

HIV virions are released from the

cell wall by budding

Page 14: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be
Page 15: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be
Page 16: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be

Virus Taxonomy- Example

• Family Herpesviridae

• Subfamily Alfaherpesvirinae

• Genus Simplexvirus

• Species Human herpesvirus 1

Page 17: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be
Page 18: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be
Page 19: Introduction to Virology - Mbchb smu2...Introduction to Virology Dr Thanda Kyaw Department of Virology UL(Medunsa)/NHLS Objectives •At the end of the lecture the learner will be