Introduction to HP-UX 11i v2

HP-UX 11i v1 -> 11i v2 Delta Support Training

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Module Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to• List and describe the major changes in HP-UX 11i v2 in the

following areas– Supported systems and hardware – Firmware and boot environment– Installation– System configuration– System administration– Commands– Programming and development environment

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Release Review

Official Name Release Identifier

Architecture

HP-UX 11i Version 1 (v1) B.11.11 PA-RISC

HP-UX 11i Version 1.5 (v1.5) B.11.20 Intel® Itanium®

HP-UX 11i Version 1.6 (v1.6) B.11.22 Intel® Itanium®

HP-UX 11i Version 2 (v2) B.11.23 Intel® Itanium®

HP-UX 11i Version 3.1 B.11.31 Intel@Itanium,PA_RISC

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Terminology Differences

rx7620rx8620HP Integrity Superdome

Event IdsForward Progress Log (FPL)Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)Machine Check Abort (MCA)System Event Log (SEL)PCIXINITCorrectable Machine Check (CMC)Correctable Platform Error (CPE)

rp7410rp8400

Superdome

Chassis CodesActivity Logs

BCHHPMC

ErrorlogPCI

TOCSingle Bit Error (SBE)

ASIC SBE

Supported Systems and Hardware

Supported SystemsccNUMA SupportSupported Peripherals

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Supported Systems Matrix

Existing Intel® Itanium® 2 (McKinley) platforms• zx2000, zx6000, rx2600, rx5670, NEC u32000, Hitachi ha8500

New/Updated Integrity Systems

Not supported: i2000, rx4610, rx9610, NCR i870

Model # Project Name # CPUs Max IO Slots

zx2000 Wilson’s Peak 1-2 5 PCI, 1 AGP

zx6000 Long’s Peak 1-2 3 PCI, 1 AGP

rx2600 Long’s Peak 1-2 4

rx4640 Mt. Diablo 1-4 6

rx5670 Everest 1-4 10

rx7620 Eiger 2-8 15, 2 Core I/O

rx8620 Olympia 2-16 16, 2 Core I/O

Integrity Superdome Orca 2-64 192

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Workstations and Entry-level Servers

Workstations• zx2000 (Wilson’s Peak)

– 1 GHz (Deerfield) Processor with 1.5 MB L3 Cache

• zx6000 (Long’s Peak)– 1-2 CPUs– 1.3 GHz Madison Processor w/6MB L3 Cache (New!)– 1.5 GHz Madison Processor w/6MB L3 Cache (New!)

Entry-level Servers• All now shipping with 1.3/1.5 GHz Madison processor

– rx2600 (also Long’s Peak)• 1-2 CPUs, 4 PCI, 2U

– rx4640 (Mt. Diablo)• 1-4 CPUs, 6 PCI, 4U

– rx5670 (Everest)• 1-4 CPUs, 10 PCI, 7U

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Cell-based Servers

Mid-range• rx7620/rx8620 (Eiger/Olympia)

– Itanium®-based versions of the rp7410 and rp8400

High-end• HP Integrity Superdome (Orca)

– Significant bus bandwidth improvements from PA-RISC– Support Management Station (SMS) is Windows 200x PC

Notable Characteristics of all cell-based systems• All cells must be Intel Itanium processors

• No mixing processors (1.3 vs. 1.5 GHz) within partition

• New cell boards based on Pinnacles chipset

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ccNUMA Support

HP's cell-based platforms are ccNUMA• ccNUMA = cache coherent, Non-Uniform Memory Access

• Latency and bandwidth of a same-cell memory access is better than accessing memory on a different cell

For ccNUMA platforms, HP-UX 11i v2 isccNUMA-aware• Maintains good behavior for applications that are not

ccNUMA-aware

• Gives ccNUMA-aware applications the ability to control their memory placement as well as processor placement

Core feature of HP-UX 11i v2

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Storage Card Support

Support for Interrupt Migration & PCI OLAR• Not all cards (see Release Notes for details)

SCSI Cards• 1 and 2-port Ultra160 SCSI (A6828A and A6829A)

– Multi-initiator configurations supported• 1 and 2-port LVD Ultra2 SCSI (A5149A and A5150A)• 2-port SCSI/LAN Combo (A5838A)• Limitations for A5149A, A5150A, and A5838A

– No boot/OLAR/multi-initiator/ServiceGuard support– Default SCSI parameters only

• Unsupported – 2-port HVD Ultra2 SCSI (A5159A & A5159B)– 1-port FWD SCSI (A4800A)

Fibre Channel Adapters (A5158A and A6795A)• A5158A supported for in-box upgrades only• Support for A6826A sometime after initial release

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Supported Storage Devices

Disk Arrays (Supported off of A6795A Only)• XP512/48

• XP1024/128

• VA7110, VA7400 and VA7410

• EVA 3000 and EVA 5000

JBODs• DS2100, DS2110, DS2300

Archival Tape• SureStore Tape Libraries

– LVD only, 90-days after HP-UX 11i v2 SR

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Other Supported I/O Cards

Networking• 4-port 10/100B-T Ethernet (A5506B)• FDDI Dual Attach Adapter (A3739B)• ATM 155Mbps MMF Adapter (A5513A)• Token Ring Adapter (A5783A)• 2-port X.25 Adapter (J3525A)• 1000B-T Ethernet (A8685A)• 1000B-T and 1000B-SX Ethernet (A6825A and A6847A)• 1000B-T Ethernet on Core I/O (A6794A)• Legacy 1000B-T and 1000B-SX Ethernet (A4929A and A4926A)• 10/100B-T (RJ-45) (A5230A)• HyperFabric II (A6386A)

Other• 8-port and 64-port Mux (A6748A and A6749A)• New ATI Fire GL cards (A9653A and A9654A)

Firmware and Boot Environment Changes

Itanium-based System OverviewFirmware Components ComparisonBoot Disk Layout Comparison

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Itanium-based System Overview

PLATFORM HARDWARE

PLATFORM SPECIFIC FIRMWARE

OPERATING SYSTEM

EFI OS LOADEREFIAPI

EFI BOOT SERVICES

Mem

ory

Tim

er

BootDevices

ProtocolsHandlers

EFI Drivers

EFIRUNTIMESERVICES

EFI SYSTEMPARTITION

OSPARTITION

EFI DRIVERS

EFI OS Loader

ACPI

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Firmware Components Comparison

PA-RISC Intel Itanium Role

PDC Processor AbstractionLayer (PAL)

Consistent firmware interface to abstract processor implementation-specific features

IODC System AbstractionLayer (SAL)

Firmware interface that isolates OS and other higher level software from implementation differences in the platform

BCH Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)

Primary pre-OS boot environment. Defines interfaces used by system in booting OS

ISL HPUX Boot loader

PDC Downcalls ACPI/IPMI Primary runtime interface for the OS. Used to provide system configuration information and an interface for things like power management.

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Boot Disk Layout Comparison

MBR – Master Boot RecordPartition Table• Describes locations of partitions on the disk

EFI System Partition• First partition on the boot drive containing the EFI images, FAT 32• Contains drivers, applications, and vendor tools

HP Service Partition• Created by default on cold install or recovery, 400 MB, FAT 32• Contains Online and Offline Diag tools and data

Red

un

dan

tP

artition

Tab

le

HP-UX 11i v1(PA-RISC)

HP-UX 11i v2(Intel Itanium)

HP-UX PartitionHP

ServicePartition

Partitio

nT

able

MB

R

EF

I Sys

Partitio

n

HP-UX PartitionLIFISL/IPL

*DrawingNot ToScale

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Miscellany

Scalable Boot• Parallel ioscans, reduce boot time by up to 95%

setboot Command • Support for setting the High Availability Alternate boot path

• SpeedyBoot

Named Kernel Configurations• Can now boot to a named kernel configuration

Waived Defect JAGae79536• HPUX bootloader leaks memory if interrupted multiple times

Boot Authentication• Protect standard system against unauthorized booting into

single user mode without converting to trusted mode system

Installation Changes

Cold Install and Update SupportInstall-time Security - Bastille

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Cold Install and Update Support

Update from HP-UX 11i v1.6 Servers only• Update from HP-UX 11i v1 or HP-UX 11i v1.5 not supported

• No support for update from HP-UX 11i v1.6 MTOE

• Cannot update to higher OE

– Update to equivalent OE first, then install higher OE• No support for update from xx2000 or xx6000 workstations

• Note that i2000, rx4610, rx9610 are not supported at all

HP Service Partition will not be created during update• Result will be reduced offline diagnostic functionality

Cold Install Advantages• HP Service Partition will be created on Boot Disk

• Use of Ignite-UX server makes standard configurations easy

• Partitions will be sized for HP-UX 11i v2

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Install-time Security - Bastille

Bastille is a security hardening/lockdown tool • Introduces new, out-of-the-box security functionality.

Bastille 2.1.1 open source security is built into install process• May also appear during update, if B6849AA is chosen

Bundle chosen determines degree of security• Take care! Highest levels disable most network access

– If any level is activated, logging in as root over network is disallowed

• Secure Shell is the only allowed method as DMZ level, for example

Bundle Name Effect on System Behavior

Sec00Tools Install security infrastructure only

Sec10Host Host-based lockdown

Sec20MngDMZ Lockdown

Sec30DMZ Full lockdown

System Configuration Changes

Kernel Configuration ChangesResource PartitioningnPartition Management

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kcweb

Reconfiguring the Kernel

Running Kernel

KernelExecutable

Boot

Kernel Configuration

Alternate Kernel Config

Option 1: Configure and Reboot

Option 2: Configure Dynamically

Option 3: Configure Alternate

kconfigkctune

kcmodule

System restart not always necessary!

GUI CLI

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Functionality Changes

Obsoleted Cmdsconfig(1M), kmadmin(1M), kminstall(1M), kmmodreg(1M), kmsystem(1M), kmupdate(1M)

Deprecated Cmds kmtune(1M), kmpath(1M), and mk_kernel(1M)

New Commands/Utilitieskcweb(1M) (Kernel Configuration tool), kcusage(1M), kcalarm(1M), kconfig(1M), kcmodule(1M), kctune(1M), kclog(1M), and kcpath(1M)

Tunables Made Dynamic many file system tunables

New Dynamic Tunablesmax_thread_proc, nproc, nkthread, maxdsiz, many file system tunables, many others

Obsoleted Tunablesshmem (VM), sema (PM), mesg (PM), maxusers, others

Other Changes

•You no longer compile the kernel

•You no longer backup or copy kernel executables to other systems

•Instead, you now manage kernel “configurations”

Kernel Configuration Changes Overview

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Resource Partitioning

iCOD 6.0• Always installed• Email connectivity required only for temporary capacity

PPU 6.0 supportedPRM (v C.02.01.01)• PRM now supports VxVM for disk bandwidth management• Kernel support for Real Time Extensions to processor sets

WLM (v A.02.01.01)• Utility (wlminfo(1)) for monitoring workloads and their SLOs• Auditing and billing information• Adjust # of CPUs in PSET-based workload groups based on SLOs• Passive mode to test a given WLM configuration• Capture stderr of data collectors • Temporarily remove groups with no active SLOs

WLMTK (v A.01.04.01)• Toolkit for BEA WebLogic Server

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nPartition Management

nPartition Commands • Management scope extended to remote partitions and

complexes

• Support management of Cell Local Memory (CLM)

• New command - cplxmodify(1M)

• Full integration with iCOD 6.0

Complex security enabled with Configuration Privilege Restriction

nPartition Provider (v B.01.00)• New, provides WBEM-based framework for remote mgmt

Parmgr (v B.11.23.01.00)• Web-based interface, other changes

Administration Changes

SAMServicecontrol ManagerSystem SecurityFile SystemCompressed Crash DumpNetworking SupportHigh Availability Support

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SAM Changes

The Peripheral Devices functional area is obsolete• Cards and Device List replaced by the web-based

Peripheral Devices tool (pdweb(1M))

• SAM provides a launch point for pdweb

Kernel Configuration area is obsolete• This functionality replaced by Kernel Configuration tool

(kcweb(1M))

• SAM provides a launch point for kcweb(1M)

SAM GUI can be used to perform configuration and management of DHCPv6 and IPv6 related tasks

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Servicecontrol Manager Changes

Supported Systems• Itanium-based HP-UX server support on HP-UX 11i v2

• Linux servers (RedHat, SuSE) supported for the CMS

• SuSE support for CMS and agent

• Certified HP ProLiant Linux agents

Multiple CMS support• Individual nodes can share more than one CMS

• Provides redundancy and/or sharing across groups

Other Changes• Web-based application integration

• XML file format

• Better GUI – uses html for faster response

• Browser connection to CMS now uses SSL

• WBEM services added

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Overview of System Security Changes

Boot Authentication• Prevents boot to single-user mode w/o password

Bastille 2.1.1• Lockdown tool w/standard levels, chosen during install

PAM Kerberos• Increased security and standards conformance

Shadow Passwords• Conforms to de-facto standard, not supported w/NIS or NIS+

Strong Random Number Generator• New, truly unpredictable

Evecve• Kernel ignores setuid and setgid bits on scripts for security reasons

Security Patch Check 1.3

HP-UX Secure Shell (v A.03.01)

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Overview of File System Changes

Dynamically Configurable File Systems• DLKM file systems

– Mostly infrastructure, CDFS and VxFS only

• Dynamic tunable parameters, automatic tunables

VERITAS File System (VxFS) 3.5• PA-RISC version on Software Pack since December ’02

and available on software.hp.com - now on Itanium-based systems

• Cluster File System, Large File System enablement

Large Files and File Systems• Up to 2TB files, 4TB file systems• No API changes• Some impacts for non-rebuilt 32-bit legacy applications

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Compressed Crash Dump

Reduces time and space for memory dump• Takes ~ ⅓ disk space of uncompressed dump

• Takes ~ ⅓ time to save crash dump

Used in conjunction with selective dump

Targeted toward high-end systems• Requires at least 5 processors, 64 bits

• Reverts to uncompressed if requirements aren’t met

Related changes• New dynamic tunable to enable/disable

• Commands updated - crashconf(1M), savecrash(1M), crashutil(1M)

• Dump analysis tools updated: q4, p4, adb(1)

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Networking Support

IPv6 networking support• Next generation Internet Protocol• Provides infrastructure for newer Internet devices• Most of network “stack” of products updated• Dual IPv4 and IPv6 support

HP-UX Web Server Suite (v.1.0.06.01)• Many enhancements and upgrades

Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) (v A.01.05.01)• HP-UX implementation of the DMTF (Distributed Management Task

Force) WBEM standard

Internet Services Products• Many revised commands and updated services

Networking commands• Changes to lanscan(1M), lanadmin(1M), linkloop(1M), nettl(1M), others• New ndd(1M) tunables

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High Availability Support

MC/ServiceGuard (v A.11.15.00)• Supports VXVM 3.5, ServiceGuard Manager 3.0, IPv6

MC/ServiceGuard NFS Toolkit (v A.11.23.01)• Functionally equivalent to version A.11.11.02 (on HP-UX 11i v1)

MC/ServiceGuard Quorum Server (v A.2.0)• Supports multiple HP-UX and/or Linux Clusters

Enterprise Cluster Master Toolkit (vB.01.08)• HP-UX 11i v1 supports version B.01.09 which supports Sybase version

12.0 and Enterprise Server 3.6 (not supported by v B.01.08)

PCI OLA/R • Improved functionality and increased performance

• Functionality available through pdweb(1M)

setboot(1M)• Provides new option, -h, to specify HA alternate boot path

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Other Key Administration Changes

Event Monitoring Service (EMS v A.04.00.01)• Framework and GUI are 32-bit native apps

• HA Monitors available as 32-bit native binaries

• New EMS CLI for managing persistent monitoring requests

Processor Sets available in kernel by default• Available as optional software pack in HP-UX 11i v1

CDE • Supports IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)

• Provides more accessibility to desktop for physically challenged users

Commands Changes

Machine Identification ChangesOther Changes to Commands

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Machine Identification Changes

Print machine information using new machinfo(1)

Changed output style from model(1)• Delimited by space, not /

New parameters for getconf(1)• MACHINE_IDENT

• PARTITION_IDENT

• MACHINE_SERIAL

New confstr(3C)• Replaces uname(2) for obtaining unique machine

identification number

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Command Changes Summary

User and Group commands now write audit recordsUser Accounting commands modified to use new in-memory databasesObsolete commands in several areas• Unix-to-Unix commands• DOS commands• LIF commands

New commands and new options to support• I/O

– OLA/R– Interrupt migration

• File system management• Kernel configuration and tuning

Programming and Development Environment Changes

MxN ThreadsCompilers and InterpretersTools and ToolkitsLibrariesDebuggersAdaptive Address SpaceInternationalization

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MxN Threads

process and memorymanagement subsystems

user space

kernel space

user portion ofprocess context

kernel portionof process

context

network managementsubsystem

hardware

file managementsubsystem

I/O managementsubsystem

Mx1 1x1 MxN

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Compilers and Interpreters

C Compiler• ANSI C 89 standard, majority of C99 extensions, no K&R

aC++ Compiler• Rogue Wave’s Tools.h++ v7.1.1 functionality

Java• Support for Java 2 Platform

– Version 1.3 and 1.4– SDK, RTE, and JPI

Fortran 2.7• Full Fortran 95 compiler, based on International ANSI/ISO standards

Perl 5.8.0 source code base• Not binary compatible with earlier releases

Aries 1.7• Allows transparent emulation of PA-RISC/HP-UX applications on Itanium-based

HP-UX systems• Support for MxN Threads, performance improvements

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Tools and Toolkits

HP-UX Developers Toolkit (B3394BA)• Not part of any OE, download from http://software.hp.com

Software Transition Kit (STK) 1.9• Supports transition from HP-UX 11i v1.6 to HP-UX 11i v2

ld(1) and dld.so(5)• Support for lazy loading, direct binding• Supports static and dynamic Thread Local Storage (TLS)

model shared libraries• Other new functionality

HP Caliper 3.0• Numerous functional and performance improvements

Software Developer’s Kit• Support for Java 2

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Libraries – New and Changed, 1 of 2

HP only provides Itanium-based shared libraries

libc• Support for AutoFS, IPv6, new Network API, floating hex I/O

• Support for shared libraries with Thread Local Storage

Unwind Library - libunwind• Name change on Itanium-based systems - libunwind.so

• New APIs (Unwind Express) for faster unwind

New Linux compatible API library - libhplx

New C++ Support Library - libstd_v2• Supports the ANSI, ISO/IEC-14882 standard

libpthread now supports• MxN thread model

• Dynamic loading of shared libraries containing TLS

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Libraries – New and Changed, 2 of 2

Math Libraries• Performance improvements, new functions in HP-VML

and HP MLIB

Multiple Shared Library Profiling (MSLP) support• gprof(1) now able to profile multiple shared libraries

New mmap(2) flag• Allows mapping into device registers or memory

HP MPI v1.8.3• Supports HyperMessaging Protocol

WTSharedX Bundle changes include IPv6 support

OpenGL (v1.2) supports new graphics cards

4404/21/23

Debuggers

wdb 4.0• Major functionality and performance improvements

• Supports source-level debugging of a program written in HP C, HP aC++ and Fortran 90 on HP-UX 11i v1.6 and later

kwdb 2.2• Bundled with HP-UX 11i v2

• Supports debugging of any PA-RISC system running HP-UX 11.0 or later or any Itanium-based system

• Supports DLKM, MP debugging

• Other functionality improvements, e.g., q4 mode and Perl scripting

adb• Support for MxN threads

• Multiprocessor dump reading support

• 64-bit DLKM dump

• Many other changes

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Adaptive Address Space

Created to ease porting to HP-UX• HP-UX uses Single/Global Address Space (SAS) model

– Most other implementations (Solaris, Linux, Tru64) use Multiple Address Space (MAS)

• MAS model gives applications more control over the use of the address space (removes Quadrant boundaries)

Changes process Address Space Layout (ASL)• Mostly Global Address Space (MGAS)

– Default behavior, address space looks like it always has

• Mostly Private Address Space (MPAS)– New address space layout allows use of AAS features

Will have negative performance impacts

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Internationalization

Many changes, including• System level support for 16 Latin and South American

Locales

• Unicode 3.0 support

• Greek Euro support

• Changes to Simplified Chinese Input Method

• TrueType fonts for HP-UX supported Asian languages/locales

• Enhanced mainframe converters for Japanese characters

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Miscellany

DCE• DCE client applications on Itanium-based systems can work

with a DCE server on a PA-RISC system

Software Package Builder• Visual method to create and edit software packages using

the HP-UX Software Distributor (SD) package format– Has both GUI and Command Line Interface (CLI)

CDE• CDE applications and its libraries and subsystems are

delivered as PA on Itanium-based platform– Run through Aries (PA compatibility)

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Module Summary

This module described• Major changes in HP-UX 11i v2 in the following areas

– Supported systems and hardware – Firmware and boot environment– Installation– System configuration– System administration– Commands– Programming and development environment

Exercises/Labs

Paper-based ExercisesHands-On/Lab Exercises